作者:陈琦
出版社:群言出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
GRE核心词汇考法精析(新东方大愚英语学习丛书)试读:
前言
笔者根据新GRE考试特点,在上一版基础上进行了较大幅度改版,推出此“再要你命3000”纸版书籍。本书共收录GRE考试中最常做主考的3072个单词,给出每个单词常考的中英文释义,配有精选例句、同义词群以及反义词群。部分单词还增加了派生词汇。
本书特色具体如下:
结构科学:本书共有31个List,每个List包含10个Unit,每个Unit的单词量为10个,考生可以循序渐进地进行学习,更加牢固地掌握每个单词。
收词精准:本书针对新GRE考试重新设计,删除旧版中只在类反题目中考查的单词,收录历年GRE考试中常考的核心词汇,同时增补了最近考试中出现的主考词,以及新GRE官方指南中的重点词汇。本书最后四个list以星号标注,全部是新增加的重点词汇。
释义权威:所有单词的解释均结合GRE考试的常考含义进行筛选。英文释义出自《美国传统词典》(American Heritage Dictionary)及GRE官方指定的《韦氏大学词典》(Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary),并辅以例句,便于考生在情景中理解词义。
结合实战:每条英文解释中均以加粗和下划线标记出单词考点所在,便于考生迅速把握单词的特征,在平时背诵的过程中逐步由中式思维转换为英式思维。另外,删除旧版中的类反题目,增加新GRE考试重点考查的同、反义词,参照以往GRE出题频率以及《韦氏同义词反义词词典》(Merriam-Webster Thesaurus),为每个主词条精挑细选同义词群和反义词群。
词汇延展:词条中给出派生词汇,扩大了横向词汇,达到举一反三的效果。
去年初夏第一版上架之后,很高兴收到非常多考生的来信,有认真指出纰漏的,也有希望能见到新版面市的。我们编辑团队倾听大家的意见和反馈,力争做得最好。再次感谢这些热心的考生。
关于本书的用法,我们想在这里做一个详细的说明。
首先,关于本书的定位。本书收录的是历次GRE考试中的超高频词汇,掌握好这些单词是考生取得理想分数的必要条件。学习这些词,考生需要在认知方面具有一定的深度。事实上,如果能够真正踏踏实实地掌握好本书中的所有内容,考生的词汇知识和能力将达到一个新的水平,可以力争在新GRE考试中取得优异成绩。不过,如果背诵本书单词后,在练习中依然遇到大量生词,请考生选择四六级以及托福的单词书,做好基础单词的巩固工作。
其次,关于本书该在备考的哪个阶段使用以及如何使用。本书专门针对新GRE考试设计,无论是前期准备、中期巩固还是后期冲刺均是必备利器。本书和市面上其他词汇书最大的不同,同时也是本书精华所在,就是用加粗带下划线的形式突出了单词的“特征点”,即“考点”,所以请务必精读本书,掌握每个单词的考点所在,力求做到“看到词就想到该词的特征”。
最后,关于本书的权威性。本书单词释义都是GRE考试中的常考含义,经笔者精挑细选,量身定制,帮助考生避免面对词典中的大量解释而无从下手的尴尬处境。英文释义取自以上两部美国权威词典,曾被ETS在出题时选用过,具有极高的准确性和参考价值,中文释义则是与英文释义相对应的正确解释。因此请考生尽可能掌握这些词义。
愿这本书能助各位考生一臂之力!使用说明List 1“考好GRE的唯一捷径就是重复,重复,再重复。”(曹楚楠,2008年10月,Verbal 750,Quantitative 800, AW 5.5,录取学校:Princeton, MIT, M. Fin)Unit 1
☆ ABANDON ☆ ABASE ☆ ABASH ☆ ABATE ☆ ABBREVIATE
☆ ABDICATE ☆ ABERRANT ☆ ABET ☆ ABEYANCE ☆ ABHOR
abandon[ə'bændən]【考法1】n. 放纵:carefree, freedom from constraint
例 add spices to the stew with complete abandon 肆无忌惮地向炖菜里面加调料
近 unconstraint, uninhibitedness, unrestraint【考法2】v. 放纵:to give(oneself)over unrestrainedly
例 abandon oneself to emotion 感情用事‖abandon herself to a life of complete idleness 她放纵自己过着闲散的生活
近 indulge, surrender【考法3】v. 放弃:to withdraw from often in the face of danger or encroachment
例 abandon the ship/homes 弃船;离家
反 salvage 救援【考法4】v. 停止做某事:to put an end to(something planned or previously agreed to)
例 The bad weather forced NASA to abandon the launch. 坏天气迫使NASA停止了发射。
近 abort, drop, repeal, rescind, revoke, call off, give up
反 keep, continue, maintain, carry on 继续
abase[ə'beɪs]【考法】v. 降低(地位、职位、威望或尊严):to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem
例 He was unwilling to abase himself by pleading guilty to a crime that he did not commit. 他不愿意屈就自己去承认一个莫须有的罪名。
近 debauch, degrade, profane, vitiate, discredit, foul, smirch, take down
反 elevate, ennoble, uplift, aggrandize, canonize, deify, exalt 使高贵,使有声望
abash[ə'bæ∫]【考法】vt. 使尴尬,使羞愧:to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of, disconcert, embarrass
例 Nothing could abash him. 没有什么可以使他感到难堪。
近 discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, fluster, nonplus, mortify
反 embolden 使大胆
abate[ə'beɪt]【考法1】v. 减轻(程度或者强度):to reduce in degree or intensity
例 abate his rage/pain 平息他的愤怒/减轻他的痛苦
近 moderate, recede, subside, remit, wane, die(away or down or out), let up, phase down, taper off
反 intensify 加强,加剧【考法2】v. 减少(数量),降低(价值):to reduce in amount or value
例 abate a tax 降低税收
近 de-escalate, deplete, downscale, dwindle, ratchet(down)
反 augment, promote 增加【考法3】v. 停止,撤销:to put an end to
例 abate a nuisance 停止伤害
近 abrogate, annul, invalidate, nullify, rescind, vacate
abbreviate[ə'bri:vieɪt]【考法】v. 缩写,缩短:to make briefer
例 abbreviate the word“building”as“bldg.”将“building”缩写作“bldg.”
近 abridge, curtail, cut back, syncopate, truncate
反 extend, protract, elongate, lengthen, prolong 延长
abdicate['æbdɪkeɪt]【考法】v. 正式放弃(权力、责任):to renounce a throne, to relinquish(power or responsibility)formally
例 abdicate the throne/crown 退位
近 cede, relinquish, renounce, resign, step down(from)
反 constitute, assume, usurp 任命;承担;篡位
aberrant[æ'berənt]【考法】adj. 异常的,非常规的:deviating from the usual or natural type
例 This behavior might be aberrant enough to draw attention. 这样的行为已经异常得足以引起人们的注意。
近 abnormal, anomalous, peculiar, singular, unwonted, uncustomary
反 normal, natural, regular, standard, typical 正常的,标准的,典型的
abet[ə'bet]【考法1】v. 帮助,怂恿:to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose
例 aid and abet〈法律〉协助教唆
近 ferment, foment, provoke, instigate, stir(up), whip(up)【考法2】v. 鼓励:to actively encourage(as an activity or plan)
近 aid, assist, back, support, prop(up)
反 stymie, frustrate, obstruct, thwart, impede, forestall, hinder 阻挠
abeyance[ə'beɪəns]【考法】n. 中止,搁置:temporary inactivity
例 hold the plan in abeyance 使计划暂停
近 doldrums, quiescence, moratorium, latency, dormancy, suspension, cold storage, deep freeze
反 continuance, fulfillment 继续;履行
abhor[əb'hɔ:r]【考法】vt. 深恶痛绝,极度厌恶:to regard with extreme repugnance
例 He abhors the way people leave their trash at the picnic sites in the park. 他很厌恶人们把垃圾留在公园的野餐点。
近 abominate, despise, detest, execrate, loathe
反 greatly admire 非常崇拜Unit 2
☆ ABIDING ☆ ABJECT ☆ ABJURE ☆ ABNEGATE ☆ ABOMINATE
☆ ABOVEBOARD ☆ ABRADE ☆ ABRIDGE ☆ ABROGATE ☆ ABSCOND
abiding[ə'baɪdɪŋ]【考法】vt. 永久的:lasting for a long time; enduring
例 an abiding love of Espanol 对西班牙语持久的热爱
近 ageless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, perennial, perpetual, timeless
反 evanescent, ephemeral 短暂的
abject['æbʤekt]【考法1】adj. 无精打采的:cast down in spirit, spiritless
例 a man made abject by suffering 被苦难折磨得无精打采的人
近 spiritless
反 spirited, excited, exultant 狂喜的,令人兴奋的【考法2】adj.(地位、身份)悲惨、凄凉的:sunk to or existing in a low state or condition
例 abject poverty 让人绝望的贫穷【考法3】adj. 卑微的,讨好的:expressing or offered in a humble and often ingratiating spirit
例 abject flattery 卑躬屈膝般的恭维‖an abject apology 讨好般的道歉
近 base, humble, menial, servile, slavish
abjure[əb'ʤʊr]【考法1】v. 发誓放弃:a firm and final rejecting or abandoning often made under oath
例 abjure one's belief 发誓放弃信仰
近 recant, renege, renounce, abnegate, forswear, repudiate
反 affirm, espouse, embrace 接受,拥护【考法2】v. 抵制,避免:to resist the temptation of
例 abjure extravagance 抵制铺张浪费
近 keep(from), refrain(from), withhold(from)
反 bow to, give in to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 屈从于
abnegate['æbnɪgeɪt]【考法1】v. 否认:deny, renounce
例 abnegate the idea of freedom 放弃自由的观念
近 recant, renege, repudiate, unsay, forswear, take back
反 reaffirm 再肯定,重申【考法2】v. 投降,放弃,交出(权力等):surrender, relinquish
例 abnegate her powers 交出她拥有的权力
近 cede, resign, step aside(from), step down(from)
反 adhere to 依附;坚持
abominate[ə'bɑ:mɪneɪt]【考法】v. 憎恶:to hate or loathe intensely, abhor
例 We abominate jokes that make fun of people who have physical disabilities. 我们鄙视拿有生理缺陷的人开玩笑。
近 despise, detest, execrate, loathe
反 esteem, love, adore 尊敬,爱
aboveboard[ə'bʌvbɔ:rd]【考法】adj. 无欺诈的,光明正大的:free from all traces of deceit or duplicity
例 This transaction was totally aboveboard, so there was no reason to question it. 这项交易完全公开公正,没有必要质疑。
反 surreptitious, underhanded 偷偷摸摸的
abrade[ə'breɪd]【考法】v. 磨损,精神上折磨:to rub or wear away especially by friction; wear down spiritually
例 My skin was abraded. 我的皮肤被磨损了。
近 chafe, excoriate, rasp, graze, scuff
反 augment 增加
abridge[ə'brɪʤ]【考法1】v. 缩短,缩小:to shorten in duration or extent
例 The modern transportation abridges distance. 现代运输方式缩短了路途。
近 curtail, truncate, cut back
反 extend in length, protract, amplify 延长,放大【考法2】v. 在不改变本意的条件下删减词语,缩写:to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense
例 an abridged edition 精简版
近 abbreviate, curtail, condense, syncopate
abrogate['æbrəgeɪt]【考法1】v. 官方的正式废除:to abolish by authoritative action, annul
例 abrogate the law/treaty 废除法律、条约
近 disannul, invalidate, nullify, quash, rescind, roll back, strike down
反 embrace, uphold, institute 采纳;支持;建立【考法2】v. 无视(某事的)存在:to treat as nonexistent
例 abrogate their responsibilities 抛开、不顾他们的责任
abscond[əb'skɑ:nd]【考法】v. 偷偷离开:to depart secretly and hide oneself
例 abscond from the prison 越狱
近 flee, lam, run off, break out(of), clear outUnit 3
☆ ABSOLUTE ☆ ABSOLVE ☆ ABSTAIN ☆ ABSTEMIOUS ☆ ABSTRACT
☆ ABSTRUSE ☆ ABSURD ☆ ABUNDANT ☆ ABUSE ☆ ABUT
absolute['æbsəlu:t]【考法1】adj. 专制的:unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions
例 absolute ruler 专制的统治者
近 arbitrary, autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, monocratic, tyrannical【考法2】adj. 无限的:unqualified in extent or degree; total
例 absolute silence 鸦雀无声
近 complete, utter, deadly, downright, out-and-out
反 qualified 有限的,有保留的【考法3】adj. 完美的,纯净不掺杂的:free from imperfection; free or relatively free from mixture
例 absolute alcohol 无水酒精(纯酒精)
近 plain, refined, unadulterated, unalloyed, undiluted, unmixed
反 adulterated, alloyed, diluted, impure, mixed 掺杂的,不纯的【考法4】adj. 不容置疑的,确凿的:positive, unquestionable
例 absolute proof 确凿的证据
近 clear, deciding, decisive, definitive
反 inconclusive, indecisive, unclear 不明确的
absolve[əb'zɑ:lv]【考法】v. 使无罪,解除责任:to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt, exculpate
例 absolve somebody from blame 使某人免受责备
近 acquit, exonerate, vindicate
反 blame, criminate, incriminate 定罪
abstain[əb'steɪn]【考法】v. 自我克制,主动戒绝:to refrain from something by one's own choice
例 abstain from smoking/voting 戒烟;弃权
近 forgo, keep from, refrain from, withhold(from)
反 bow to, give in to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 屈服于
abstemious[əb'sti:miəs]【考法】adj.(吃喝等)有节制的,节俭的:marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol, sparing
例 an abstemious diet 有节制的饮食‖abstemious meals 节俭的饭餐
近 continent, temperate, self-abnegating, self-denying
反 indulgent 放纵的
abstract[æb'strækt]【考法1】vt. 做总结,概括:to make an abstract of, summarize
例 abstract the 135-page report in three short paragraphs 将一份135页的报告概括为三段话
近 digest, recapitulate, synopsize, sum up, boil down
反 elaborate 详细描述【考法2】vt. 使分心:to draw away the attention of
例 Personal problems abstracted him. 私人问题让他分心。
近 detract, divert, call off, throw off
派 abstraction n. 心不在焉
反 attention 关注
abstruse[əb'stru:s]【考法】adj. 难以理解的:difficult to comprehend: recondite
例 the abstruse calculations 复杂深奥的计算
近 arcane, esoteric, hermetic(also hermetical), recondite
反 accessible, patent, shallow, superficial 可了解的,肤浅的
absurd[əb'sɜ:rd]【考法】adj. 不合理的:ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous
例 an absurd argument 无稽之谈
近 wild, bizarre, ludicrous, insane, nonsensical, preposterous, half-baked
反 rational, sensible, realistic, reasonable 理性的,合理的
abundant[ə'bʌndənt]【考法】adj. 大量的:marked by great plenty(as of resources)
例 an abundant land 一片富饶的土地
近 ample, cornucopian, teeming, replete, abounding
反 infrequent, rare, uncommon, inadequate, scanty, scarce 稀少的,罕见的
abuse[ə'bju:z]【考法1】v. 辱骂,抨击:to condemn or vilify usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily
例 He alleged that he was verbally abused by his colleagues. 他声称受到了同事的言语攻击。
近 assail, bash, castigate, excoriate, lambaste
派 abusive adj. 辱骂的【考法2】v. 不正当或不合理使用:to put to a wrong or improper use; 过分过量使用:to use excessively
例 abuse a privilege 滥用特权‖abuse alcohol 酗酒
近 misemploy, misuse
abut[ə'bʌt]【考法】v. 邻接,毗邻:to touch at one end or side; lie adjacent
例 Our land abuts a wildlife preserve. 我们的土地靠近一片野生动物保护区。
近 skirt, verge on, border on, butt on, march withUnit 4
☆ ABYSMAL ☆ ACCEDE ☆ ACCELERATE ☆ ACCESSIBLE ☆ ACCESSORY
☆ ACCIDENTAL ☆ ACCLIMATE ☆ ACCOLADE ☆ ACCOMMODATE ☆ ACCOST
abysmal[ə'bɪzməl]【考法1】adj. 极低的,极可怜的:immeasurably low or wretched
例 abysmal living conditions 极可怜的生活条件
近 bottomless【考法2】adj.(程度)很深的;极端的:immeasurably great
例 abysmal ignorance 极端的无知‖an abysmal cliff 深不见底的悬崖
近 profound
反 shallow, shoal, skin-deep, superficial 浅的;肤浅的
accede[ək'si:d]【考法1】v. 赞成:to express approval or give consent
例 accede to their pleas 同意他们的请愿
近 acquiesce, assent, consent, subscribe, come round
反 demur, dissent 反对【考法2】v. 就任,就职:to arrive at or come into an office or dignity
例 accede to the throne 就任国王
accelerate[ək'seləreɪt]【考法1】v. 加速:to cause to move faster
例 accelerate his steps 他加快脚步
近 balloon, escalate, snowball, mushroom, proliferate, burgeon, build up
反 retard 减速【考法2】v. 使提前发生:to bring about at an earlier time
例 accelerate their departure 提前离开【考法3】v. 变大,变多:to become greater in size, extent, volume, amount, or number
例 Toy purchases accelerate dramatically during the Christmas season. 玩具销售量在圣诞期间暴涨。
近 accumulate, balloon, enlarge, escalate, mushroom, proliferate, snowball, roll up
反 contract, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, recede, wane 减小,减少
accessible[ək'sesəbl]【考法1】adj. 可以到达的:situated within easy reach
例 the town accessible by rail 有铁路通达的城镇
近 handy, reachable
反 inconvenient, unhandy, unreachable, untouchable 无法到达的,不方便的【考法2】adj. 可理解的:capable of being understood or appreciated
例 The information ought to be made more accessible. 信息应该更清晰易懂。
近 apprehensible, fathomable, legible, scrutable
反 abstruse, incoherent, incomprehensible, inscrutable, insensible 深奥的;难以理解的【考法3】adj. 能够获得的:possible to get
例 The data is not currently accessible. 该数据目前还不可用。
近 available, attainable, obtainable, procurable
反 unattainable, unavailable, unobtainable 无法获得的
accessory[ək'sesəri]【考法1】adj. 辅助的,附属的:having a secondary, supplementary, or subordinate function
例 accessory features such as call-waiting 类似呼叫等待的附属功能
近 peripheral, supplementary
反 of primarily importance, chief, main, principal 主要的【考法2】n. 帮凶:one associated with another in wrongdoing
例 Two accessories, the driver of the getaway car and the dishonest bank teller, were charged in the robbery case. 两个帮凶,逃逸车辆的司机和不诚信的银行出纳,在抢劫案中被控告。
近 abettor, confederate
accidental[ˌæksɪ'dentl]【考法1】adj. 意外发生的,偶然的:occurring unexpectedly or by chance
例 The discovery of gold was entirely accidental. 黄金的发现纯属偶然。
近 incidental, fortuitous, unintended, unintentional, unpremeditated, unwitting
反 calculated, deliberate, intended, planned, premeditated 预先计划好的【考法2】adj. 附带的,不重要的:not being a vital part of or belonging to something
例 Its commercial value was accidental. 它的商业价值微乎其微。
近 alien, extraneous, external, adventitious
反 inherent, innate, intrinsic 内在的,固有的
acclimate['ækləmeɪt]【考法】vt. 使适应:to change(something)so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation
例 acclimate oneself to a nine-to-five office job 适应朝九晚五的坐班生活
近 adjust, accommodate, shape, suit, tailor
反 make unfamiliar with 使不熟悉
accolade['ækəleɪd]【考法1】n. 同意,赞赏:an expression of approval
例 The director won virtually every accolade that the film world offered. 这位导演赢得了电影界几乎一致的赞赏。
近 applause, credit, distinction
反 disapprobation 不赞成【考法2】v. 赞扬:to praise or honor
反 excoriate, criticise, reprobate, castigate, derogate, reproof, denigrate, denunciate 批评,谴责
accommodate[ə'kɑ:mədeɪt]【考法1】v. 提供所需(例如服务、借贷、寄宿):to provide with something desired, needed, or suited(as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings)
例 This cruise ship was big enough to accommodate over 600 people. 该游轮可以为600多人提供食宿。
近 fit, hold, take【考法2】v. 改变以适应新情况、新场景:to change(something)so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation
例 accommodate the lectern to the height of the guest speaker 将讲台的高度调节得适合客座讲演者
近 acclimate, adjust, condition, conform, doctor, edit, shape, suit, tailor【考法3】vt. 使和谐:to bring to a state free of conflicts, inconsistencies, or differences
例 The idea that the United States could harmoniously accommodate all was a fiction. 认为美国能够和谐一切的想法只是幻想。
近 attune, conciliate, conform, coordinate, reconcile
反 disharmonize 使不和谐
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