GRE核心词汇考法精析(新东方大愚英语学习丛书)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-06-26 07:42:49

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作者:陈琦

出版社:群言出版社

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GRE核心词汇考法精析(新东方大愚英语学习丛书)

GRE核心词汇考法精析(新东方大愚英语学习丛书)试读:

前言

笔者根据新GRE考试特点,在上一版基础上进行了较大幅度改版,推出此“再要你命3000”纸版书籍。本书共收录GRE考试中最常做主考的3072个单词,给出每个单词常考的中英文释义,配有精选例句、同义词群以及反义词群。部分单词还增加了派生词汇。

本书特色具体如下:

结构科学:本书共有31个List,每个List包含10个Unit,每个Unit的单词量为10个,考生可以循序渐进地进行学习,更加牢固地掌握每个单词。

收词精准:本书针对新GRE考试重新设计,删除旧版中只在类反题目中考查的单词,收录历年GRE考试中常考的核心词汇,同时增补了最近考试中出现的主考词,以及新GRE官方指南中的重点词汇。本书最后四个list以星号标注,全部是新增加的重点词汇。

释义权威:所有单词的解释均结合GRE考试的常考含义进行筛选。英文释义出自《美国传统词典》(American Heritage Dictionary)及GRE官方指定的《韦氏大学词典》(Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary),并辅以例句,便于考生在情景中理解词义。

结合实战:每条英文解释中均以加粗和下划线标记出单词考点所在,便于考生迅速把握单词的特征,在平时背诵的过程中逐步由中式思维转换为英式思维。另外,删除旧版中的类反题目,增加新GRE考试重点考查的同、反义词,参照以往GRE出题频率以及《韦氏同义词反义词词典》(Merriam-Webster Thesaurus),为每个主词条精挑细选同义词群和反义词群。

词汇延展:词条中给出派生词汇,扩大了横向词汇,达到举一反三的效果。

去年初夏第一版上架之后,很高兴收到非常多考生的来信,有认真指出纰漏的,也有希望能见到新版面市的。我们编辑团队倾听大家的意见和反馈,力争做得最好。再次感谢这些热心的考生。

关于本书的用法,我们想在这里做一个详细的说明。

首先,关于本书的定位。本书收录的是历次GRE考试中的超高频词汇,掌握好这些单词是考生取得理想分数的必要条件。学习这些词,考生需要在认知方面具有一定的深度。事实上,如果能够真正踏踏实实地掌握好本书中的所有内容,考生的词汇知识和能力将达到一个新的水平,可以力争在新GRE考试中取得优异成绩。不过,如果背诵本书单词后,在练习中依然遇到大量生词,请考生选择四六级以及托福的单词书,做好基础单词的巩固工作。

其次,关于本书该在备考的哪个阶段使用以及如何使用。本书专门针对新GRE考试设计,无论是前期准备、中期巩固还是后期冲刺均是必备利器。本书和市面上其他词汇书最大的不同,同时也是本书精华所在,就是用加粗带下划线的形式突出了单词的“特征点”,即“考点”,所以请务必精读本书,掌握每个单词的考点所在,力求做到“看到词就想到该词的特征”。

最后,关于本书的权威性。本书单词释义都是GRE考试中的常考含义,经笔者精挑细选,量身定制,帮助考生避免面对词典中的大量解释而无从下手的尴尬处境。英文释义取自以上两部美国权威词典,曾被ETS在出题时选用过,具有极高的准确性和参考价值,中文释义则是与英文释义相对应的正确解释。因此请考生尽可能掌握这些词义。

愿这本书能助各位考生一臂之力!使用说明List 1“考好GRE的唯一捷径就是重复,重复,再重复。”(曹楚楠,2008年10月,Verbal 750,Quantitative 800, AW 5.5,录取学校:Princeton, MIT, M. Fin)Unit 1

☆ ABANDON ☆ ABASE ☆ ABASH ☆ ABATE ☆ ABBREVIATE

☆ ABDICATE ☆ ABERRANT ☆ ABET ☆ ABEYANCE ☆ ABHOR

abandon[ə'bændən]【考法1】n. 放纵:carefree, freedom from constraint

例 add spices to the stew with complete abandon 肆无忌惮地向炖菜里面加调料

近 unconstraint, uninhibitedness, unrestraint【考法2】v. 放纵:to give(oneself)over unrestrainedly

例 abandon oneself to emotion 感情用事‖abandon herself to a life of complete idleness 她放纵自己过着闲散的生活

近 indulge, surrender【考法3】v. 放弃:to withdraw from often in the face of danger or encroachment

例 abandon the ship/homes 弃船;离家

反 salvage 救援【考法4】v. 停止做某事:to put an end to(something planned or previously agreed to)

例 The bad weather forced NASA to abandon the launch. 坏天气迫使NASA停止了发射。

近 abort, drop, repeal, rescind, revoke, call off, give up

反 keep, continue, maintain, carry on 继续

abase[ə'beɪs]【考法】v. 降低(地位、职位、威望或尊严):to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem

例 He was unwilling to abase himself by pleading guilty to a crime that he did not commit. 他不愿意屈就自己去承认一个莫须有的罪名。

近 debauch, degrade, profane, vitiate, discredit, foul, smirch, take down

反 elevate, ennoble, uplift, aggrandize, canonize, deify, exalt 使高贵,使有声望

abash[ə'bæ∫]【考法】vt. 使尴尬,使羞愧:to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of, disconcert, embarrass

例 Nothing could abash him. 没有什么可以使他感到难堪。

近 discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, fluster, nonplus, mortify

反 embolden 使大胆

abate[ə'beɪt]【考法1】v. 减轻(程度或者强度):to reduce in degree or intensity

例 abate his rage/pain 平息他的愤怒/减轻他的痛苦

近 moderate, recede, subside, remit, wane, die(away or down or out), let up, phase down, taper off

反 intensify 加强,加剧【考法2】v. 减少(数量),降低(价值):to reduce in amount or value

例 abate a tax 降低税收

近 de-escalate, deplete, downscale, dwindle, ratchet(down)

反 augment, promote 增加【考法3】v. 停止,撤销:to put an end to

例 abate a nuisance 停止伤害

近 abrogate, annul, invalidate, nullify, rescind, vacate

abbreviate[ə'bri:vieɪt]【考法】v. 缩写,缩短:to make briefer

例 abbreviate the word“building”as“bldg.”将“building”缩写作“bldg.”

近 abridge, curtail, cut back, syncopate, truncate

反 extend, protract, elongate, lengthen, prolong 延长

abdicate['æbdɪkeɪt]【考法】v. 正式放弃(权力、责任):to renounce a throne, to relinquish(power or responsibility)formally

例 abdicate the throne/crown 退位

近 cede, relinquish, renounce, resign, step down(from)

反 constitute, assume, usurp 任命;承担;篡位

aberrant[æ'berənt]【考法】adj. 异常的,非常规的:deviating from the usual or natural type

例 This behavior might be aberrant enough to draw attention. 这样的行为已经异常得足以引起人们的注意。

近 abnormal, anomalous, peculiar, singular, unwonted, uncustomary

反 normal, natural, regular, standard, typical 正常的,标准的,典型的

abet[ə'bet]【考法1】v. 帮助,怂恿:to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose

例 aid and abet〈法律〉协助教唆

近 ferment, foment, provoke, instigate, stir(up), whip(up)【考法2】v. 鼓励:to actively encourage(as an activity or plan)

近 aid, assist, back, support, prop(up)

反 stymie, frustrate, obstruct, thwart, impede, forestall, hinder 阻挠

abeyance[ə'beɪəns]【考法】n. 中止,搁置:temporary inactivity

例 hold the plan in abeyance 使计划暂停

近 doldrums, quiescence, moratorium, latency, dormancy, suspension, cold storage, deep freeze

反 continuance, fulfillment 继续;履行

abhor[əb'hɔ:r]【考法】vt. 深恶痛绝,极度厌恶:to regard with extreme repugnance

例 He abhors the way people leave their trash at the picnic sites in the park. 他很厌恶人们把垃圾留在公园的野餐点。

近 abominate, despise, detest, execrate, loathe

反 greatly admire 非常崇拜Unit 2

☆ ABIDING ☆ ABJECT ☆ ABJURE ☆ ABNEGATE ☆ ABOMINATE

☆ ABOVEBOARD ☆ ABRADE ☆ ABRIDGE ☆ ABROGATE ☆ ABSCOND

abiding[ə'baɪdɪŋ]【考法】vt. 永久的:lasting for a long time; enduring

例 an abiding love of Espanol 对西班牙语持久的热爱

近 ageless, enduring, eternal, everlasting, perennial, perpetual, timeless

反 evanescent, ephemeral 短暂的

abject['æbʤekt]【考法1】adj. 无精打采的:cast down in spirit, spiritless

例 a man made abject by suffering 被苦难折磨得无精打采的人

近 spiritless

反 spirited, excited, exultant 狂喜的,令人兴奋的【考法2】adj.(地位、身份)悲惨、凄凉的:sunk to or existing in a low state or condition

例 abject poverty 让人绝望的贫穷【考法3】adj. 卑微的,讨好的:expressing or offered in a humble and often ingratiating spirit

例 abject flattery 卑躬屈膝般的恭维‖an abject apology 讨好般的道歉

近 base, humble, menial, servile, slavish

abjure[əb'ʤʊr]【考法1】v. 发誓放弃:a firm and final rejecting or abandoning often made under oath

例 abjure one's belief 发誓放弃信仰

近 recant, renege, renounce, abnegate, forswear, repudiate

反 affirm, espouse, embrace 接受,拥护【考法2】v. 抵制,避免:to resist the temptation of

例 abjure extravagance 抵制铺张浪费

近 keep(from), refrain(from), withhold(from)

反 bow to, give in to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 屈从于

abnegate['æbnɪgeɪt]【考法1】v. 否认:deny, renounce

例 abnegate the idea of freedom 放弃自由的观念

近 recant, renege, repudiate, unsay, forswear, take back

反 reaffirm 再肯定,重申【考法2】v. 投降,放弃,交出(权力等):surrender, relinquish

例 abnegate her powers 交出她拥有的权力

近 cede, resign, step aside(from), step down(from)

反 adhere to 依附;坚持

abominate[ə'bɑ:mɪneɪt]【考法】v. 憎恶:to hate or loathe intensely, abhor

例 We abominate jokes that make fun of people who have physical disabilities. 我们鄙视拿有生理缺陷的人开玩笑。

近 despise, detest, execrate, loathe

反 esteem, love, adore 尊敬,爱

aboveboard[ə'bʌvbɔ:rd]【考法】adj. 无欺诈的,光明正大的:free from all traces of deceit or duplicity

例 This transaction was totally aboveboard, so there was no reason to question it. 这项交易完全公开公正,没有必要质疑。

反 surreptitious, underhanded 偷偷摸摸的

abrade[ə'breɪd]【考法】v. 磨损,精神上折磨:to rub or wear away especially by friction; wear down spiritually

例 My skin was abraded. 我的皮肤被磨损了。

近 chafe, excoriate, rasp, graze, scuff

反 augment 增加

abridge[ə'brɪʤ]【考法1】v. 缩短,缩小:to shorten in duration or extent

例 The modern transportation abridges distance. 现代运输方式缩短了路途。

近 curtail, truncate, cut back

反 extend in length, protract, amplify 延长,放大【考法2】v. 在不改变本意的条件下删减词语,缩写:to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense

例 an abridged edition 精简版

近 abbreviate, curtail, condense, syncopate

abrogate['æbrəgeɪt]【考法1】v. 官方的正式废除:to abolish by authoritative action, annul

例 abrogate the law/treaty 废除法律、条约

近 disannul, invalidate, nullify, quash, rescind, roll back, strike down

反 embrace, uphold, institute 采纳;支持;建立【考法2】v. 无视(某事的)存在:to treat as nonexistent

例 abrogate their responsibilities 抛开、不顾他们的责任

abscond[əb'skɑ:nd]【考法】v. 偷偷离开:to depart secretly and hide oneself

例 abscond from the prison 越狱

近 flee, lam, run off, break out(of), clear outUnit 3

☆ ABSOLUTE ☆ ABSOLVE ☆ ABSTAIN ☆ ABSTEMIOUS ☆ ABSTRACT

☆ ABSTRUSE ☆ ABSURD ☆ ABUNDANT ☆ ABUSE ☆ ABUT

absolute['æbsəlu:t]【考法1】adj. 专制的:unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions

例 absolute ruler 专制的统治者

近 arbitrary, autocratic, despotic, dictatorial, monocratic, tyrannical【考法2】adj. 无限的:unqualified in extent or degree; total

例 absolute silence 鸦雀无声

近 complete, utter, deadly, downright, out-and-out

反 qualified 有限的,有保留的【考法3】adj. 完美的,纯净不掺杂的:free from imperfection; free or relatively free from mixture

例 absolute alcohol 无水酒精(纯酒精)

近 plain, refined, unadulterated, unalloyed, undiluted, unmixed

反 adulterated, alloyed, diluted, impure, mixed 掺杂的,不纯的【考法4】adj. 不容置疑的,确凿的:positive, unquestionable

例 absolute proof 确凿的证据

近 clear, deciding, decisive, definitive

反 inconclusive, indecisive, unclear 不明确的

absolve[əb'zɑ:lv]【考法】v. 使无罪,解除责任:to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt, exculpate

例 absolve somebody from blame 使某人免受责备

近 acquit, exonerate, vindicate

反 blame, criminate, incriminate 定罪

abstain[əb'steɪn]【考法】v. 自我克制,主动戒绝:to refrain from something by one's own choice

例 abstain from smoking/voting 戒烟;弃权

近 forgo, keep from, refrain from, withhold(from)

反 bow to, give in to, submit to, succumb to, surrender to, yield to 屈服于

abstemious[əb'sti:miəs]【考法】adj.(吃喝等)有节制的,节俭的:marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol, sparing

例 an abstemious diet 有节制的饮食‖abstemious meals 节俭的饭餐

近 continent, temperate, self-abnegating, self-denying

反 indulgent 放纵的

abstract[æb'strækt]【考法1】vt. 做总结,概括:to make an abstract of, summarize

例 abstract the 135-page report in three short paragraphs 将一份135页的报告概括为三段话

近 digest, recapitulate, synopsize, sum up, boil down

反 elaborate 详细描述【考法2】vt. 使分心:to draw away the attention of

例 Personal problems abstracted him. 私人问题让他分心。

近 detract, divert, call off, throw off

派 abstraction n. 心不在焉

反 attention 关注

abstruse[əb'stru:s]【考法】adj. 难以理解的:difficult to comprehend: recondite

例 the abstruse calculations 复杂深奥的计算

近 arcane, esoteric, hermetic(also hermetical), recondite

反 accessible, patent, shallow, superficial 可了解的,肤浅的

absurd[əb'sɜ:rd]【考法】adj. 不合理的:ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous

例 an absurd argument 无稽之谈

近 wild, bizarre, ludicrous, insane, nonsensical, preposterous, half-baked

反 rational, sensible, realistic, reasonable 理性的,合理的

abundant[ə'bʌndənt]【考法】adj. 大量的:marked by great plenty(as of resources)

例 an abundant land 一片富饶的土地

近 ample, cornucopian, teeming, replete, abounding

反 infrequent, rare, uncommon, inadequate, scanty, scarce 稀少的,罕见的

abuse[ə'bju:z]【考法1】v. 辱骂,抨击:to condemn or vilify usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily

例 He alleged that he was verbally abused by his colleagues. 他声称受到了同事的言语攻击。

近 assail, bash, castigate, excoriate, lambaste

派 abusive adj. 辱骂的【考法2】v. 不正当或不合理使用:to put to a wrong or improper use; 过分过量使用:to use excessively

例 abuse a privilege 滥用特权‖abuse alcohol 酗酒

近 misemploy, misuse

abut[ə'bʌt]【考法】v. 邻接,毗邻:to touch at one end or side; lie adjacent

例 Our land abuts a wildlife preserve. 我们的土地靠近一片野生动物保护区。

近 skirt, verge on, border on, butt on, march withUnit 4

☆ ABYSMAL ☆ ACCEDE ☆ ACCELERATE ☆ ACCESSIBLE ☆ ACCESSORY

☆ ACCIDENTAL ☆ ACCLIMATE ☆ ACCOLADE ☆ ACCOMMODATE ☆ ACCOST

abysmal[ə'bɪzməl]【考法1】adj. 极低的,极可怜的:immeasurably low or wretched

例 abysmal living conditions 极可怜的生活条件

近 bottomless【考法2】adj.(程度)很深的;极端的:immeasurably great

例 abysmal ignorance 极端的无知‖an abysmal cliff 深不见底的悬崖

近 profound

反 shallow, shoal, skin-deep, superficial 浅的;肤浅的

accede[ək'si:d]【考法1】v. 赞成:to express approval or give consent

例 accede to their pleas 同意他们的请愿

近 acquiesce, assent, consent, subscribe, come round

反 demur, dissent 反对【考法2】v. 就任,就职:to arrive at or come into an office or dignity

例 accede to the throne 就任国王

accelerate[ək'seləreɪt]【考法1】v. 加速:to cause to move faster

例 accelerate his steps 他加快脚步

近 balloon, escalate, snowball, mushroom, proliferate, burgeon, build up

反 retard 减速【考法2】v. 使提前发生:to bring about at an earlier time

例 accelerate their departure 提前离开【考法3】v. 变大,变多:to become greater in size, extent, volume, amount, or number

例 Toy purchases accelerate dramatically during the Christmas season. 玩具销售量在圣诞期间暴涨。

近 accumulate, balloon, enlarge, escalate, mushroom, proliferate, snowball, roll up

反 contract, decrease, diminish, dwindle, lessen, recede, wane 减小,减少

accessible[ək'sesəbl]【考法1】adj. 可以到达的:situated within easy reach

例 the town accessible by rail 有铁路通达的城镇

近 handy, reachable

反 inconvenient, unhandy, unreachable, untouchable 无法到达的,不方便的【考法2】adj. 可理解的:capable of being understood or appreciated

例 The information ought to be made more accessible. 信息应该更清晰易懂。

近 apprehensible, fathomable, legible, scrutable

反 abstruse, incoherent, incomprehensible, inscrutable, insensible 深奥的;难以理解的【考法3】adj. 能够获得的:possible to get

例 The data is not currently accessible. 该数据目前还不可用。

近 available, attainable, obtainable, procurable

反 unattainable, unavailable, unobtainable 无法获得的

accessory[ək'sesəri]【考法1】adj. 辅助的,附属的:having a secondary, supplementary, or subordinate function

例 accessory features such as call-waiting 类似呼叫等待的附属功能

近 peripheral, supplementary

反 of primarily importance, chief, main, principal 主要的【考法2】n. 帮凶:one associated with another in wrongdoing

例 Two accessories, the driver of the getaway car and the dishonest bank teller, were charged in the robbery case. 两个帮凶,逃逸车辆的司机和不诚信的银行出纳,在抢劫案中被控告。

近 abettor, confederate

accidental[ˌæksɪ'dentl]【考法1】adj. 意外发生的,偶然的:occurring unexpectedly or by chance

例 The discovery of gold was entirely accidental. 黄金的发现纯属偶然。

近 incidental, fortuitous, unintended, unintentional, unpremeditated, unwitting

反 calculated, deliberate, intended, planned, premeditated 预先计划好的【考法2】adj. 附带的,不重要的:not being a vital part of or belonging to something

例 Its commercial value was accidental. 它的商业价值微乎其微。

近 alien, extraneous, external, adventitious

反 inherent, innate, intrinsic 内在的,固有的

acclimate['ækləmeɪt]【考法】vt. 使适应:to change(something)so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation

例 acclimate oneself to a nine-to-five office job 适应朝九晚五的坐班生活

近 adjust, accommodate, shape, suit, tailor

反 make unfamiliar with 使不熟悉

accolade['ækəleɪd]【考法1】n. 同意,赞赏:an expression of approval

例 The director won virtually every accolade that the film world offered. 这位导演赢得了电影界几乎一致的赞赏。

近 applause, credit, distinction

反 disapprobation 不赞成【考法2】v. 赞扬:to praise or honor

反 excoriate, criticise, reprobate, castigate, derogate, reproof, denigrate, denunciate 批评,谴责

accommodate[ə'kɑ:mədeɪt]【考法1】v. 提供所需(例如服务、借贷、寄宿):to provide with something desired, needed, or suited(as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings)

例 This cruise ship was big enough to accommodate over 600 people. 该游轮可以为600多人提供食宿。

近 fit, hold, take【考法2】v. 改变以适应新情况、新场景:to change(something)so as to make it suitable for a new use or situation

例 accommodate the lectern to the height of the guest speaker 将讲台的高度调节得适合客座讲演者

近 acclimate, adjust, condition, conform, doctor, edit, shape, suit, tailor【考法3】vt. 使和谐:to bring to a state free of conflicts, inconsistencies, or differences

例 The idea that the United States could harmoniously accommodate all was a fiction. 认为美国能够和谐一切的想法只是幻想。

近 attune, conciliate, conform, coordinate, reconcile

反 disharmonize 使不和谐

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