床头灯英语5000词纯英文：奥德赛(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：(古希腊)荷马,王若平

出版社：航空工业出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

床头灯英语5000词纯英文：奥德赛试读：

人物关系表

Ulysses 奥德修斯：伊塔卡王，希腊远征特洛亚的主要将领之一

Arceisius 阿尔克西奥斯：宙斯的儿子，奥德修斯的祖父

Laertes 拉埃尔特斯：奥德修斯的父亲；

Telemachus 特勒马科斯：奥德修斯的儿子

Piraeus 佩赖奥斯：特勒马科斯的伴侣；

Penelope 佩涅洛佩：奥德修斯的妻子

Icarius 伊卡里奥斯：佩涅洛佩的父亲；

Iphthime 伊弗提墨：佩涅洛佩的姐妹

Eurynome 欧律诺墨：佩涅洛佩的女管家；

Dolius 多利奥斯：佩涅洛佩的随嫁仆人

Halitherses 哈利特尔塞斯、Mentor 门托尔：奥德修斯的朋友

Medon 墨东：奥德修斯的传令官；

Euryclea 欧律克勒娅：奥德修斯和特勒马科斯的保姆

Eumaeus 欧迈奥斯：奥德修斯的养猪奴；

Philoetius 菲洛提奥斯：奥德修斯的养牛奴

Antinous 安提诺奥斯、Eurymachus 欧律马科斯、Leiocritus 勒奥克里托斯、Amphinomus 安菲诺摩斯：求婚者

Jove 宙斯：希腊神话中的主神，推翻其父克罗诺斯的统治后与兄弟波塞东、哈得斯三分天下，波塞东分得大海，哈得斯分得冥间，宙斯掌管神界

Saturn 克罗诺斯：宙斯的父亲

Juno 赫拉：宙斯的姐妹和妻子

Themis 特弥斯：宙斯前妻

Neptune 波塞东：宙斯的兄弟

Amphitrite 安菲特里泰：波塞东的妻子

Polyphemus 波吕斐摩斯：波塞东之子

Mercury 赫尔墨斯、Apollo 阿波罗：宙斯的儿子

Minerva 雅典娜、Helen 海伦、Venus 阿佛罗狄忒：宙斯的女儿

Nestor 涅斯托尔：皮洛斯王

Neuleus 涅琉斯：涅斯托尔的父亲

Pisistratus 佩西斯特拉托斯、Echephron 埃克弗戎、Stratius 斯特拉提奥斯、Perseus 佩尔修斯、Aretus 阿瑞拖斯、Thrasymedes 特拉叙墨得斯、Antilochus 安提洛科斯：涅斯托尔的儿子

Polycaste 波吕卡斯特：涅斯托尔的女儿

Menelaus 墨涅拉奥斯：斯巴达王，海伦的丈夫，阿伽门农的兄弟

Agamemnon 阿伽门农：希腊联军统帅，墨涅拉奥斯的兄弟

Orestes 奥瑞斯特斯：阿伽门农的儿子

Atreus 阿特柔斯：阿伽门农和墨涅拉奥斯的父亲

Achilles 阿基琉斯：希腊远征特洛亚军队中最强大的英雄

Alcinous 阿尔基诺奥斯：费埃克斯人的国王

Arete 阿瑞塔：费埃克斯人的王后

Rhexenor 瑞克塞诺尔：阿尔基诺奥斯的兄弟

Laodamas 拉奥达马斯：阿尔基诺奥斯的儿子

Nausicaa 瑙西卡娅：阿尔基诺奥斯的女儿

Pontonous 潘托诺奥斯：阿尔基诺奥斯的传令官

故事梗概

作者通过主人公奥德修斯这样一个人物形象，歌颂了人与自然奋斗的精神，歌颂了人在这种奋斗过程中的智慧。作者还歌颂了奥德修斯热爱故乡、热爱家园、爱护忠实的奴仆和严惩背叛的奴隶的美德。

BOOK 1

Tell me,Muse, of thatingenious hero who traveled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town ofTroy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for theyperished through their own sheer stupidity. So now all who escaped death in battle or byshipwreck had got safely home exceptUlysses, and he, though he was longing to return to his wife and country, wasdetained by thegoddess Calypso who had got him into a large cave and wanted to marry him. But as years went by, there came a time when the gods settled that he should go back toIthaca then, however, when he was among his own people, his troubles were not yet over; nevertheless all the gods had now begun to pity him exceptNeptune, who stillpersecuted him without ceasing and would not let him get home.

Now Neptune had gone off to theEthiopians, who are at the world's end, and lie in two halves, the one looking West and the other East.

He had gone there to enjoy a festival; but the other gods met in the house ofJove, andthe father of gods and men spoke first.

“See now, how men lay blame upon us gods for what is after all nothing but their own stupidity.”

ThenMinerva said,“Father, King of kings, it is for Ulysses that my heart bleeds, when I think of his sufferings in that lonely island, far away, poor man, from all his friends. You, sir, take no notice of this. Why should you keep on being so angry with him?”

And Jove said,“My child, what are you talking about? How can I forget Ulysses than whom there is no more capable man on earth, nor more liberal in hisofferings to theimmortal gods that live in heaven? Bear in mind, however, that Neptune is stillfurious with Ulysses for having blinded an eye ofPolyphemus king of theCyclopes. Still, let us lay our heads together and see how we can help him to return; Neptune will then be calmed, for if we are all of a mind he can hardly stand out against us.”

And Minerva said,“Father, King of kings, if, then, the gods now mean that Ulysses should get home, we should first sendMercury to theOgygian island to tell Calypso we have made up our minds and that he is to return. In the meantime, I will go to Ithaca to put heart into Ulysses's son Telemachus; I will encourage him to call theAchaeans in assembly, and speak out to the men who want to marry his motherPenelope; I will also conduct him toSparta and toPylos to see if he can hear anything about the return of his dear father — for this will make people speak well of him.”

So saying she bound on herglittering goldensandals, and down shedarted from thetopmost summits ofOlympus. Soon she was in Ithaca at thegateway of Ulysses's house, disguised as a visitor, Mentes, chief of theTaphians. Telemachus saw her long before any one else did. He was sittingmoodily among the men who want to marry his mother, thinking about his brave father, and how he would send them flying out of the house, if he were to come to his own again and be honored as in days gone by. Thusbrooding as he sat among them, when he caught sight of Minerva and went straight to the gate. He took her right hand in his own,“Welcome,”said he,“to our house, and when you havepartaken of food you shall tell us what you have come for.”

He led the way as he spoke, and Minerva followed him.

Then the men who want to marry Penelope came in and took their places on the benches and seats. Telemachus spoke low to Minerva, with his head close to hers so that no man might hear.

“I hope, sir,”said he,“that you will not be offended with what I am going to say. If these men were to see my father come back to Ithaca they would pray for longer legs rather than a longer purse, for money would not serve them; but he has fallen on an ill fate, and even when people do sometimes say that he is coming, we no longer pay attention to them; we shall never see him again. And now, sir, tell me and tell me true, who you are and where do you come from? Tell me also truly, for I want to know, are you a stranger to this house, or have you been here in my father's time? In the old days we had many visitors for my father went about much himself.”

And Minerva answered,“I will tell you truly and particularly all about it. I amMentes, son ofAnchialus, and I am King of the Taphians. Our fathers were friends before us, as oldLaertes will tell you, if you will go and ask him. They told me your father was at home again, and that was why I came, but it seems the gods are still keeping him back, for he is not dead yet not on the mainland. It is more likely he is on some island inmid ocean, or a prisoner among savages who are detaining him against his will. I am noprophet, and know very little about signs, but I speak as it is borne in upon me from heaven, and assure you that he will not be away much longer; for he is a man of such resource that even though he were in chains of iron he would find some means of getting home again. But tell me, and tell me true, can Ulysses really have such a fine looking fellow for a son? You are indeed wonderfully like him about the head and eyes.”

“My mother,”answered Telemachus,“tells me I am son to Ulysses, but it is a wise child that knows his own father.Would that I were son to one who had grown old upon his own estates, for, since you ask me, there is no more illstarred man under heaven than he who they tell me is my father.”

And Minerva said,“There is no fear of your race dying out yet, while Penelope has such a fine son as you are. But tell me, and tell me true, what is the meaning of all thisfeasting, and who are these people? And the guests — how terribly they are behaving; what riot they make over the whole house; it is enough to disgust any respectable person who comes near them.”

“Sir,”said Telemachus,“as regards your question, so long as my father was here it was well with us and with the house, but the gods in theirdispleasure have willed it otherwise, and have hidden him away more closely thanmortal man was ever yet hidden. I could have borne it better even though he were dead, if he had fallen with his men before Troy, or had died with friends around him when the days of his fighting were done; for then the Achaeans would have built amound over his ashes, and I should myself have been heir to hisrenown; but now the storm-winds havespirited him away we know not where; he is gone without leaving so much as a trace behind him, and I inherit nothing butdismay. Nor does the matter end simply with grief for the loss of my father; heaven has laid sorrows upon me of yet another kind; for the chiefs from all our islands, as also all the principal men of Ithaca, are eating up my house under thepretext of paying their court to my mother, who will neitherpoint blank say that she will not marry, nor yet bring matters to an end; so they are makinghavoc of my estate, and before long will do so also with myself.”

“Is that so?”exclaimed Minerva,“then you do indeed want Ulysses home again. Give him his helmet, shield, and a couple swords, and if he is the man he was when I first knew him in our house, drinking and making merry, he would soon lay his hands about these wicked men, were he to stand once more upon his ownthreshold. If Ulysses is the man he then was, these men who want to marry his wife will have a sorry wedding. But there! It rests with heaven to determine whether he is to return, and take hisrevenge in his own house or no; I would, however, urge you to set about trying to get rid of these men at once. Take my advice, call the Achaean heroes in assembly tomorrow — lay your case before them, and call heaven to bear you witness. Bid the men who want to marry Penelope take themselves off, each to his own place, and if your mother's mind is set on marrying again, let her go back to her father, who will find her a husband and provide her with all the marriage gifts that so dear a daughter may expect. As for yourself, let meprevail upon you to take the best ship you can get, with a crew of twenty men, and go in quest of your father who has so long been missing. First go to Pylos to askNestor; then go on to Sparta and visitMenelaus, for he got home last of all the Achaeans; if you hear that your father is alive and on his way home, you can put up with the waste these men who want to marry your mother will make for yet another twelve months. If on the other hand you hear of his death, come home at once, celebrate his funeral ceremony with all due display, build a grave to his memory, and make your mother marry again. Then, having done all this, think it well over in your mind how, by fair means orfoul, you may kill these men in your own house. You are a fine, smart looking fellow; show your courage, then, and make yourself a name in story. Now, however, I must go back to my ship and to my crew, who will be impatient if I keep them waiting longer; think the matter over for yourself, and remember what I have said to you.”

With these words Minerva flew away like a bird into the air, but she had given Telemachus courage, and had made him think more than ever about his father. He felt the change, wondered at it, and knew that the stranger had been a god, so he went straight to where the men were sitting.

Then Telemachus spoke,“Shameless,”he cried,“and rude men, let usfeast at our pleasure now, and let there be nobrawling, but in the morning meet me in full assembly so that I may give you formal notice to depart, and feast at one another's houses, turn and turn about, at your own cost. If, on the other hand, you choose to persist in using one man, heaven help me, but Jove shallreckon with you in full, and when you fall in my father's house there shall be no man toavenge you.”

The men bit their lips as they heard him, andmarveled at the boldness of his speech. Then,Antinous, son ofEupeithes, said,“The gods seem to have given you lessons in threatening and tall talking; may Jove never grant you to be chief in Ithaca as your father was before you.”

Telemachus answered,“Antinous, do not argue with me, but, god willing, I will be chief too if I can. Is this the worst fate you can think of for me? It is no bad thing to be a chief, for it brings both riches and honor. Still, now that Ulysses is dead there are many great men in Ithaca old and young, and some other may take the lead among them; nevertheless, I will be chief in my own house, and will rule those whom Ulysses has won for me.”

ThenEurymachus, son ofPolybus, answered,“It rests with heaven to decide who shall be chief among us, but you shall be master in your own house and over your own possessions; no one, while there is a man in Ithaca, may do you violence or rob you. And now, my good fellow, I want to know about this stranger. What country does he come from? Of what family is he, and where is his estate? Has he brought you news about the return of your father, or was he on business of his own?”

“My father is dead and gone,”answered Telemachus,“and even if some rumor reaches me, I put no more faith in it now. My mother does indeed sometimes send for a prophet and question him, but I give hispredictions no notice. As for the stranger, he was Mentes, son of Anchialus, chief of Tophians, an old friend of my father's.”But in his heart he knew that it had been the goddess.

Thesuitors then returned to their singing and dancing until the evening; but when night fell upon theirpleasuring, they went home to bed each in his own house. But Telemachus, as he lay covered with a woolen blanket, kept thinking all night through of his intended voyage of thecounsel that Minerva had given him.

注释

Muse［mju:z］n.缪斯，文艺女神

ingenious［in'ʤi:njəs］a.机敏的，足智多谋的

Troy［trɔi］n.特洛亚城

perish［'periʃ］v.灭亡，死去

shipwreck［ˌʃiprek］n.船只失事，船难

Ulysses［ju(:)'lisi:z］n.奥德修斯，伊塔卡王，希腊远征特洛亚的主要将领之一

detain［di'tein］v.拘留，扣押

goddess［'gɔdis］n.女神

Calypso［kə'lipsəu］n.卡吕普索，女神

Ithaca［'iθəkə］n.伊塔卡，奥德修斯的故乡

Neptune［'neptju:n］n.波塞东，海神，宙斯的兄弟

persecute［'pə:sikju:t］v.迫害，为难

Ethiopian［ˌi:θi'əupiən; 'iθi'ɔpiən］n.埃塞俄比亚人

Jove［ʤəuv］n.宙斯，希腊神话中的主神，推翻其父克罗诺斯的统治后与兄弟波塞东、哈得斯三分天下，波塞东分得大海，哈得斯分得冥间，宙斯掌管神界

the father of gods and men指的是宙斯，他被称为天神和凡人的父亲

Minerva［mi'nə:və］n.雅典娜，宙斯的女儿

offering［'ɔfəriŋ］n.祭品

immortal［i'mɔ:tl］a.不朽的

furious［'fjuəriəs］a.怀恨在心，愤怒

Polyphemus［ˌpɔli'fi:məs］n.波吕斐摩斯，波塞东之子

Cyclopes［'saiklɔps］n.库克洛普斯人

Mercury［'mə:kjuri］n.赫尔墨斯，宙斯的儿子，神的使者

Ogygian［əu'ʤiʤiən］n.奥古吉埃，卡吕普索的居住地

Achaeans［ə'ki:ən］n.阿开奥斯人，古希腊部落之一

Penelope［pi'neləpi, pə-］n.（希神）佩涅洛佩，奥德修斯的妻子

Sparta［'spɑ:tə］n.斯巴达，拉克得蒙地区的主要城市，墨涅拉奥斯的都城。

Pylos皮洛斯，涅斯托尔的辖地

glittering［'glitəriŋ］a.闪闪发亮的、精美的，华丽的

sandal［'sændl］n.便鞋

dart［dɑ:t］v.飞奔

topmost［'tɔpməust］a.最高的，最上面的

Olympus［əu'limpəs］n.奥林波斯，传说中的以宙斯为主的众神的居住地。

gateway［'geitwei］n.门口

Taphians塔福斯，希腊西部海岛

Telemachus［ti'leməkəs, tə-］n.特勒马科斯，奥德修斯的儿子

moodily［mu:dili; mudili］adv.忧郁地

brood［bru:d］v.盘算，细想

partake［pɑ:'teik］v.同吃（或喝）

Mentes门特斯，塔福斯岛的首领

Anchialus安基阿洛斯，门特斯的父亲

Laertes拉埃尔特斯，奥德修斯的父亲

mid［mid］a.中部的，中间的

prophet［'prɔfit］n.预言家

would that但愿，要是…多好，后面的句子用虚拟语气。Would that I were a PLA man. 我真希望我是一名解放军战士。

feast［fi:st］v.盛宴

displeasure［dis'pleʒə］n.不愉快，不满意

mortal［'mɔ:tl］a.凡人的，世间的

mound［maund］n.土堆，坟丘

renown［ri'naun］n.名望，声誉

spirit［'spirit］v.在这里用作动词，意为迅速而神秘地带走，拐走

dismay［dis'mei］n.灰心，沮丧

pretext［'pri:tekst］n.借口，托词

point blank在此处用作副词，意为直截了当地

havoc［'hævək］n.破坏，耗费

threshold［'θreʃhəuld］n.门槛

revenge［ri'venʤ］n.报复

prevail upon劝说，说服；prevail upon somebody to accept an invitation 劝说某人接受邀请

Nestor［'nestɔ:, -tə］n.涅斯托尔，皮洛斯王

Menelaus［ˌmenə'leiəs］n.墨涅拉奥斯，斯巴达王

foul［faul］a.不正当的

shameless［'ʃeimlis］a.无耻的

feast［fi:st］vi.享受

brawl［brɔ:l］n.吵嚷

reckon with跟…算账

avenge［ə'venʤ］v.替…报仇，为…雪耻

marvel［'mɑ:vəl］v.对…感到诧异

Antinous安提诺奥斯，求婚者之一

Eupeithes欧佩特斯，安提诺奥斯的父亲

Eurymachus欧律马科斯，求婚者之一

Polybus波吕博斯，欧律马科斯的父亲

prediction［pri'dikʃən］n.预言

suitor［'sju:tə］n.求婚者

pleasuring［pleʤriŋ］n.享乐

counsel［'kaunsəl］v.谋划，定下

BOOK 2

Now when the child of morning,rosy-fingeredDawn, appeared, Telemachus rose and dressed himself. He at once sent thecriers round to call the people in assembly; so they called them and the people gathered there. Then, when they were got together, he went to the place of assembly spear in hand.

Minervaendowed him with a presence of suchdivine beauty that all marveled at him as he went by, and when he took his place in his father's seat even the oldest advisors made way for him.

Aegyptius, a man bent double with age, and of infinite experience, began his speech.

“Men of Ithaca,”she said,“hear my words. From the day Ulysses left us there has been no meeting of ouradvisors until now; who then can it be, whether old or young, that finds it so necessary to convene us? Has he got wind of some host approaching, and does he wish to warn us, or would he speak upon some other matter of public moment? I am sure he is an excellent person, and I hope Jove will grant him his heart's desire.”

Telemachus took this speech as a good sign and rose at once, for he was bursting with what he had to say.“Sir,”said he,“it is I, as you will shortly learn, who haveconvened you, for it is I who am the most upset. I have not got wind of any host approaching about which I would warn you, nor is there any matter of public moment on which I would speak. My complaint is purely personal, and turns on two great misfortunes which have fallen upon my house. The first of these is the loss of my excellent father, who was chief among all you here present, and was like a father to every one of you; the second is much more serious, and before long will be the utter ruin of my estate. The sons of all the chief men among you arepestering my mother to marry them against her will. They are afraid to go to her father, asking him to choose the one he likes best, and to provide marriage gifts for his daughter, but day by day they keephanging about my father's house, sacrificing our oxen, sheep, and fat goats for their banquets, and never giving so much as a thought to the quantity of wine they drink. No estate can stand suchrecklessness; we have now no Ulysses to ward off harm from our doors, and I cannot hold my own against them. I shall never all my days be as good a man as he was, still I would indeed defend myself if I had power to do so, for I cannot stand such treatment any longer; my house is being disgraced and ruined. Have respect, therefore, to your own consciences and to public opinion. Fear, too, thewrath of heaven, lest the gods should be displeased and turn upon you. I pray you by Jove andThemis, who is the beginning and the end of councils, do not hold back, my friends, and leave me without help — unless it be that my brave father Ulysses did some wrong to the Achaeans which you would now avenge on me, by aiding and helping these men who want to marry my mother. Moreover, if I am to beeaten out of house and home at all, I had rather you did the eating yourselves, for I could then take action against you to some purpose, and serve you with notices from house to house till I got paid in full, whereas now I have no remedy.”

With this Telemachus dashed his staff to the ground and burst into tears. Everyone was very sorry for him, but they all sat still and no one ventured to make him an angry answer, save only Antinous, who spoke thus:

“Telemachus, rude boy that you are, how dare you try to throw the blame upon us men? It is your mother's fault not ours, for she is a very artful woman. Us men, therefore, make you this answer, that both you and the Achaeans may understand — Send your mother away, and bid her marry the man of her own and of her father's choice; for I do not know what will happen if she goes on plaguing us much longer with the airs she gives herself on the score of theaccomplishments Minerva has taught her, and because she is so clever. Understand, then, that we will not go back to our lands, neither here nor elsewhere, till she has made her choice and married some one or other of us.”

Telemachus answered,“Antinous, how can I drive the mother who bore me from my father's house? My father is abroad and we do not know whether he is alive or dead. If you choose to take offence at this, leave the house and feast elsewhere at one another's houses and at your own cost turn and turn about. If, on the other hand, you elect to persist in using one man, heaven help me, but Jove shall reckon with you in full, and when you fall in my father's house there shall be no man to avenge you.”

Halitherses, who was the best prophet and reader of signs among them, spoke to them plainly and in all honesty, saying.

“Hear me, men of Ithaca I speak more particularly to the men who want to marry Penelope, for I see mischiefbrewing for them. Ulysses is not going to be away much longer; indeed he is close at hand to deal out death and destruction, not on them alone, but on many another of us who live in Ithaca. Let us then be wise in time, and put a stop to this wickedness before he comes. Let the men do soof their own accord; it will be better for them, for I am not predicting without due knowledge; I said that after going through much hardship and losing all his men Ulysses should come home again in the twentieth year and that no one would know him; and now all this is coming true.”

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