作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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李观仪《新编英语教程（4）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】试读：
Unit 1
一、词汇短语
Text I
1．resolution [7rezE5lju:FEn] n. a resolving to do something决心，决定：determined/ unshakable/ inflexible resolution坚定的决心；come to/ form/ make/ take a resolution下定决心
2．bless [bles] vt. to confer well-being or prosperity on保佑，赐福：be blessed with 有幸拥有
3．boundless [5baJndlIs] adj. having no boundaries or limits无限的，无边无际的：Stars are twinkling in the boundless sky.在辽阔无垠的天空上到处是繁星闪烁。
4．tiptoe [5tiptEu] vi. to walk or move quietly on one’s toes踮起脚走：She tiptoed to the bedside of the sleeping child.她用脚尖悄悄地走到酣睡的孩子床前。tiptoe与pad，creep，sneak都表示“放轻脚步走”：tiptoe指用脚尖走。pad指光着脚或穿着柔软的鞋有规则地走，如：He pad about the house in his slippers.他穿着拖鞋在家中走来走去。creep指蹑手蹑脚，缓慢地、悄悄地走，creep还可指动物的爬行或植物的蔓延。sneak多用于鬼鬼祟祟的行为，如：I had to sneak around and hide my smoking from my parents.为了抽烟，我必须鬼鬼祟祟地躲开我的父母。
5．spontaneous [spCn5teinjEs, -niEs] adj. arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint自发的，自然产生的。其名词形式为spontaneity [7spCntE5ni:iti] n. 自发性
6．affection [E5fekFEn] n. feeling of liking or love and caring喜爱：其形容词形式为affectionate [E5fekFEnit] adj. 亲爱的，挚爱的；与之容易混淆的词为affectation [7Afek5teiFEn] n. 假装，做作
7．shriek [Fri:k] n. & v. a shrill, often frantic cry尖叫：与之意思相近的词有scream，screech，squeal，yelp，其中shriek经常是疯狂地尖叫；scream一般来讲表示一种延长的刺耳声音，暗示着经受了身体上或者情感上的痛苦；screech强调一种高声的、刺耳的、经常令人烦恼的声音；squeal尤指小孩突然发出的高声尖叫；yelp指因疼痛而发出的短暂叫喊。
8．sneak [sni:k] v. to move, give, take, or put in a quiet, stealthy manner偷偷地做：He sneaked candy into his mouth.他偷偷地把糖塞进嘴巴。
9．sincere [sin5siE] adj. being without hypocrisy or pretense; true真诚的，真实的：Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.请向你全家转达我真挚的问候。
10．compliment [5kCmplimEnt] n. & v. an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation恭维，赞美：A sincere compliment boosts one’s morale.由衷的称赞可鼓舞一个人的精神。【扩展】complimentary [7kCmpli5ment(E)ri] adj. 问候的，称赞的；与之易混淆的词为complement( n. & vt. 补足，使……完美)
11．aspirin [5AspErin] n. a medicine that reduces pain, inflammation, and fever阿斯匹林(解热镇痛药)
12．escapement [is5keipmEnt] n. a) the part of a clock or a watch which controls the moving parts inside(钟表的)摆轮；b) an escape脱逃
13．wind [waind] vt. to coil the spring of (a mechanism) by turning a stem or cord给……上发条：wind a watch给表上发条：【搭配】wind up结束，最终；wind down(钟表等发条)松弛，渐减
14．coronary [5kCrEnEri] adj. of, relating to, or being the coronary arteries or coronary veins冠状动脉或静脉
15．jovially [5dVEuvjEli] adv. behave in a cheerful and happy manner愉快地，高兴地
16．swarm [swC:m] v. to move or gather in large numbers蜂拥，云集：swarm with充满着，挤满着；swarm into涌入
17．rap [rAp] v. a) to strike a quick, light blow轻敲：rap on the door敲门；b) to utter sharply厉声说出：He rapped out a complaint.他尖锐地说出埋怨之词。
18．pajamas [pE5dVB:mEz] n. soft pair of trousers and a top that you wear in bed睡衣，宽长裤
19．ease [i:z] v. to alleviate; lessen减轻，缓和：The doctor prescribed a drug to ease his pain.医生拿药来减轻他的病痛。
20．brand-new [brAnd5 nju:] adj. being in a fresh and unused condition; completely new崭新的：I give you endless brand-new good wishes.给你我无尽的新的祝福。
21．defensively [di5fensivli] adv. in a defensive manner防御地
22．put away放好某物put sth. in its proper place：She washed the cups and put them away.她洗完杯子后便把他们收了起来。
23．scout [skaut] n. an organization for boys that teaches them practical skills童子军
24．trivial [5triviEl] adj. of little significance; ordinary琐碎的，普通的：Don’t be angry over such trivial matters.别为这些琐事生气。
25．zest [zest] n. vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment热情，热忱：He entered into our plans with terrific zest.他满腔热情地参加了我们的项目。
26．sarcastic [sB:5kAstik] adj. given to using sarcasm讽刺的：She has a sarcastic tongue.她喜欢挖苦人。
27．mitten [5mitn] n. a type of glove that does not have separate parts for each finger连指手套
28．jack [dVAk] n. a children’s game in which the players try to pick up small objects called jacks while bouncing and catching a ball抛石游戏，抓子游戏
29．strike up to start开始：strike up a conversation开始交谈：We immediately struck up a lively conversation.我们立即愉快地交谈起来。
30．rapport [rA5pC:t] n. friendly agreement and understanding between people关系，友好：establish a pleasant form of rapport with sb.与某人建立起一种宜人的融洽关系
31．touch on mention sth. briefly简述，略微提及：In his lecture on geology, he touched on the subject of climate.他在关于地质学的报告中，也涉及气候问题。
32．morality [mR5rAlItI] n. beliefs or ideas about what is right and wrong and about how people should behave道德：Jacelin is a person of strict morality.杰斯林是个品行极其端正的人。
33．sponge [spQndV] n. a piece of a soft natural or artificial substance full of small holes, which can suck up liquid and is used for washing海绵
34．dread [dred] v. to be in terror of畏惧，害怕：I dread a visit to the dentist.我害怕去看牙医。
35．whittle [5(h)witl] vt. cut small bits or pare shavings from削，切：Don’t whittle the stick down too much or it won’t be long enough.别把那棍削得太多，不然就不够长了。
36．cross-examine [krRsI^5zAmIn] v. to question a person closely盘诘，反复询问：cross-examine a witness盘问证人
37．commotion [kE5mEuFEn] n. a lot of noise, confusion, and excitement骚动，暴乱：They made a commotion by yelling at each other in the theatre.他们在剧院里相互争吵, 引起了一阵骚乱。
38．uneasily [9Qn`i:zIlI] adv. with anxiety or apprehension不安地，不自在地：The audience shifted uneasily in their seats.观众在座位上不安地动来动去。
39．even-tempered [5i:vEn5tempEd] adj. easygoing; calm性情平和的，温和的：an even-tempered character性情温和的人
40．snarl [snB:l] n. & v. to speak angrily or threateningly吼叫，怒吼：The dog snarled at me.这狗对我低吼。
41．sprawl [sprC:l] v. to sit or lie with the body and limbs spread out awkwardly四肢摊开：He sprawled his legs.他懒散地伸开双腿。b) to cause to spread out in a straggling or disordered fashion蔓延：New houses sprawled over the countryside outside the city.在城外的乡村地区散乱地分布着一幢幢新建的房屋。
Text II
1．ambitious [Am5biFEs] adj. determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc 有雄心的，野心勃勃的：He was an ambitious man with a strong personality. 他是个有抱负的人，性格坚强。【扩展】ambitiously [Am5biFEsli] adv. 雄心勃勃地 【搭配】ambitious for (power/social position/ etc.) 极欲获得(权力/社会地位等等)
2．matter-of-factly adv. showing no emotion when you are talking about something exciting, frightening, upsetting etc 实事求是地：Once so said matter-of-factly: September, I’ll go there. And there was the chance to meet you in. 曾经那么信誓旦旦的说：九月，我一定会去那里，这样就有了再见到你的机会。
3．mutual [5mju:tFuEl] adj. a) shared by two or more people 共同的：our mutual friend 我们共同的朋友 b) used to describe feelings that two or more people have for each other equally, or actions that affect two or more people equally 相互的：mutual aid 互助
4．freshman [5freFmən] n. a student who is in his or her first year of college 大一学生
5．grandiose [5^rAndiEus] adj. seeming very impressive but too large, complicated, expensive, etc. to be practical or possible 浮夸的；富丽堂皇的
6．apologetic [E7pClE5dVetik] adj. feeling or showing that you are sorry for doing something wrong or for causing a problem 道歉的，认错的：He was apologetic for arriving late . 他为迟到而表示歉意。
7．ruthless [5ru:WlIs] adj. hard and cruel 无情的，残忍的：The teacher was ruthless about my mistakes. 老师对于我的错误毫不留情。
8．attainable [E5teinEbl] adj. that you can achieve 可得到的：Our goal is attainable. 我们的目标是可以达到的。【扩展】同根词：attain [E5tein] vt. 达到，获得
9．stomp [stCmp] to walk, dance, or move with heavy steps vt. & vi. 踩踏，践踏：stomp one’s feet 跺脚
10．adventurous [Ed5ventFErEs] adj. full of new, exciting or dangerous experiences 喜欢冒险的：He was predestined to lead an adventurous life. 他注定要过冒险的生活。
11．overdrive [5EuvE5draiv] n. an extra high gear in a vehicle, that you use when you are driving at high speeds 超速转动：overdrive capacitor超速电容器
12．gratification [7^rAtifi5keiFEn] n. something that gives you pleasure 满意：She flushed with gratification. 她因喜悦而脸红了。
13．miserable [5mizErEbl] adj. a) very unhappy or uncomfortable 难受的，悲惨的：He had thought through his miserable life. 他回顾他悲惨的一生。b) making you feel very unhappy or uncomfortable 令人难受的：She took off his miserable shoes. 她替他脱去令人难受的鞋子。
14．slog [slC^] vi. & vt. a) to work hard and steadily at something 辛勤工作(常与through搭配)：slog through a pile of marking埋头判一批试卷 b) to walk or travel somewhere steadily, with great effort or difficulty 吃力地走：It is a long hard slog up the mountain. 上山是一段长长的艰难的路。
15．lousy [5lauzi] adj. very bad 讨厌的，恶心的：The lousy food upsets my stomach. 这糟糕的饭菜使我肠胃不适。
16．disposition [dispE5ziFEn] n. a) the way something is placed or arranged 部署：It is a clever disposition of troops. 这是巧妙的军事部署。b) the natural qualities of a person’s character (formal) 性格：The twin sisters have a happy disposition. 这一对孪生姐妹有一种乐天的性格。
17．piously [5paiEsli] adv. in a way that tries to impress other people by pretending to be religious, moral or good 虔诚地：Many pilgrims knelt piously at the shrine. 许多朝圣者心虔意诚地在神殿跪拜。【扩展】同根词：pious [5paiEs] adj. 虔诚的
18．pediatrician [7pi:diE5triFEn] n. a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of children 儿科医师：the pediatrician’s office小儿科诊所 【扩展】同根词：pediatric [7pi:di5Atrik] adj. 儿科的
二、参考译文
Text I
今年将与众不同
威尔·斯坦顿
新年的决心就像其他别的事情一样——一分耕耘一分收获。从往年的结果来看，我付出的还不够，但是今年将与众不同。在列出决心表之前，我读了很多关于自我提高方面的书。“发现一切事物中的美；让别人觉得重要……”，诸如此类的大约有30条。显然，谁遵循我收集的规则来办事，谁的人生就更加丰富，得到家人无限的爱和社会的钦慕。我迫不及待地等着新年的到来。
我下楼的时候，我的妻子玛吉正在厨房洗涤槽旁。我蹑手蹑脚地走过去亲吻她的后颈。(决心第一条：自然地表达爱。)她一生尖叫，弄掉了杯子。“不要再这样偷偷地靠近我！”她嚷道。“你今天早上看起来很漂亮，”我说。(真诚的称赞如金子般贵重。)“你看，”她说，“我并不想在外面呆到凌晨四点。”
我拿着一些阿斯比林和咖啡走进客厅。我正要开始看报纸，这时我五岁的儿子萨米进来了。他带着一块手表，这是他圣诞节收到的礼物。“喂，爸爸，”他说，“是什么让手表走的？”
在以前，我总会让他去问她的母亲。这次不同，我拿起铅笔画了一张摆轮机械的草图。(应该鼓励孩子的好奇心。)大约花了15分钟，萨米几次想走开，但我总是叫住他。“看，”我说，“这就是让手表走动的原理。”“那么为什么它不走呢？”他问。
他的兄弟罗伊从旁边走过。“你要给它上发条，”他说。萨米上了发条，拿到耳边听。他笑了。“罗伊肯定很聪明，”他说。
我们的女儿克雷奇抱着她的洋娃娃罗宾逊夫人进来了。“早上好，克雷奇，”我说，“新年快乐，罗宾逊夫人。”(从孩子的角度去对待孩子。)“它也不快乐，”克雷奇说。“罗宾逊夫人病了，好像还是冠状动脉血栓症。”“为什么不带她去看萨米医生？”我建议道。“他可以用他的新的医生工具箱。”
电话响了，我去接听，是我们的女儿基特的一个朋友打来的。“新年快乐，玛里琳，”我说。“你假期都做了些什么？”(对孩子的朋友表示感兴趣。)她说她也没做什么。“算了吧，像你这么漂亮的女孩子，”我打趣道，“我敢打赌一定有一群男孩在追求你……什么？是的，你当然可以和基特说话。当然可以。”
基特在她的房间里，录音机的声音开的很大。我轻轻地敲了敲房门，她大叫了句什么，我进去了。她穿着睡衣。“我没有说你可以进来！”她大叫，抓起一件长裙挡在胸前。十四岁，她已经对自己是女性非常敏感了。“对不起。我没有听懂你说的。”我抱歉地说。为了缓和这种情况，我从地板上捡起他的新毛衣，放到椅子上。“我准备捡的，”她为自己辩护，“你也总是乱放东西。”
厅里传来一阵阵尖叫声，我发现克雷奇哭了。罗伊和萨米正要用男童子军刀给罗宾逊夫人做开胸手术。“她告诉我们罗宾逊夫人病了，”罗伊说。
我建议他们去帮他们的母亲雕刻点什么——如沙拉勺子之类的。(鼓励年轻人的创造性。)
在厨房，玛吉想知道克雷奇怎么了。“罗宾逊夫人得了冠状动脉血栓症，”我告诉她。“我知道你从昨晚开始就感觉不太好，”她说，“但是我有点厌烦这些俏皮话。你能否把垃圾拿走？”“乐意效劳，”我说。(最琐碎的家务，如果热心去做都是值得的。)“你非得这么讽刺么？”她说。
看来我的决心并没有像书中说的那样奏效。但我并没有放弃。我帮男孩们堆雪人——结果是萨米弄湿了脚，罗伊丢失了露指手套，他们都进屋了。我和古雷奇玩抛石游戏，但她说我玩得不对。我和基特攀谈，试图建立一种和睦的关系。我谈到了嬉皮士、流行乐、约会、道德等问题。她闭口不言。其他人可能早就打退堂鼓了，可是我继续努力。例如，玛吉总是害怕取下圣诞树，我想我应该帮她做。(帮你妻子做一件家务活，她会因此爱你。)
我已经把三分之二树取下来了，这时玛吉进来了。“哦，不！”她叫到。“我想今晚庆祝晚会时，它还留在这里。你就不能只坐着看球吗？这才是你新年的一贯行为。”“今年不一样，”我说。“哦，是吗？”她摇摇头。“我必须说我不知道。孩子们整天令人讨厌。我发现男孩们在我最好的沙拉勺子上一点点削切，并大胆地说是你建议的。基特的脾气很坏。她说玛里琳打电话来，你不告诉她，还盘问她关于男朋友的情况。”“不要说了！”我说。“我只是闲聊而已。”此时孩子们都在屋里，被吵闹声吸引过来。“你过去从不费心与人闲聊。为什么现在开始这样？”“因为这是新年，”我说。我向围在我身边的孩子们解释了有关书和决心的情况，以及我一直在努力实现这些决心。沉默。孩子们站在那里不安地相互看着。“一个人想完善自己，”我说，“他想成为一个更好的丈夫，一个更好的父亲……”“我们都想做的更好，”玛吉说道，“但你的过分体贴显得很做作。如果孩子们做了什么事，你很生气，他们就知道他们错了。但是你太温柔时……”“是的，”基特说，“我把衣服丢在地上，你一个字不说只是笑，使我感到不舒服。”
罗伊说，“我今天有更多的麻烦……”
克雷奇说：“我觉得你不玩抛石游戏时还更好一些。”“大声叫，”萨米说，“还说’该死’。”“好啦，”我怒喝。“我尽一切努力做一个好父亲，这就是我得到的回报。事实上，你们不值得有这样的父亲。”
我用手势阐明我的观点。“你们最好开始表决心。比如做好家庭作业，打扫你们的房间，不摸汤匙。我让你们做什么时，要马上行动起来！”
我伸手扶稳我用袖子拂动的一盏灯。“而且……”这时，我突然感到气氛变了。孩子们懒散地伸开四肢坐在地板上，放松下来。我转向玛吉。“为什么大家都笑啊？有什么大笑话？”“不是笑话，”她说，“我们只是很高兴你又恢复了正常。”
Text II
雄心壮志
佩里·克拉斯
在大学里，我的朋友贝丝非常有抱负，不仅是为了她自己，也是为了她的朋友。她对外交关系，旅行，上法学院都感兴趣。“我计划是有一天当上国务卿，”她会实话实说。我们共同的朋友正在学习文学，计划上研究生院；他将成为耶鲁英语系的主席。另一个朋友对政治新闻感兴趣，将成《时代》杂志的一名编辑。我的专业是生物学，我对写小说的兴趣。我们都是自作聪明的大学新生，假装世界是我们的。我们是聪明的大学新生，为什么我们应该约束我们的野心呢？
我一直喜欢雄心勃勃的人，许多我最亲密的朋友都已经有了宏大的梦想。我喜欢这样的人，不是因为我迫不及待地想要和未来的国务卿成为朋友，而是因为我发现和有抱负的人聊天愉快、有趣，和他们见面有乐趣。当然，我喜欢这样的人，因为我自己有雄心，我不会对此感到抱歉。
雄心给人的印象已经变坏了。回到十七世纪，斯宾诺莎认为野心和欲望仅仅是“疯狂的物种，虽然它们没有被列为某种疾病”。特别是在妇女当中，雄心往往被视为一种极度不可接受的品质；“雄心勃勃”与“职业女性”相关联表明她冷酷无情，铁石心肠，踩着朋友流血的身体踏向她的成功之路。
然后，七十年代末和八十年代后期，雄心开始受人欢迎，书名如《如何迈向你的成功之路》成为畅销书。它仍然是一种令人讨厌的属性，但这种令人讨厌的属性是好的，因为它们帮助你争夺第一。
但是我所指的雄心壮志意思是，拥有远大的梦想，不要限制你的期望和希望。我不太喜欢非常具体的，可实现的抱负，这种抱负是你从《如何迈向你的成功之路》这本书中学习设置自己的职业规划之路。我喜欢宏大的雄心，世界会因为你的工作，运气和决心随时展开。下一本书可以大卖。下一个研究项目可能会带来极好的结果。下一个好点子可能会改变历史。
当然，最终你将不再是大学新生。你开始不那么有雄心，开始更加实际，对自己的潜力，能力和能掌控的事情有着理智的看法。有时在快会接近你想做的事时，却发现它看起来更加遥不可及。回到我是大学新生的时候，说实话，那时我想成为珍妮·古道尔，进入丛林研究猴子，研究一些没有人曾想要做过的事情。这种雄心是基于我对生物学和几个国家地理电视特别节目的产生的兴趣；结果是，这并不足以维持日常生活。我并非命中注定过冒险的野生生活，独自旅行在世界上最奇特的部分，身后留下一连串破碎的心。哦，你必须长大，至少长大一点。
世界上充满了失望的人。其中一些人可能还未开始有太大雄心壮志；他们坐下来等待好事降临，然后感觉受到欺骗，因为好事从来没有发生过。其中一些人有非常固定，具体的抱负，由于某种原因，他们从来没有得到他们想要的。其他人得到了他们想要的，但却发现这不是他们想要的。
世界上也充满了如此雄心勃勃的人，他们浑身是劲，在成功之路上除了成功之外没有任何东西可以给他们带来价值。生活成为延迟满意中的一场漫长旅行；你做的一切，只是因为这会在某一天帮助你到达你想要的到的地方。医学培训是延迟满意的一个很好例子。你花了多年的时间在医学院做着与未来成为一名医生没有明显的关系的事，然后你花了多年的时间在住院专科实习医师期上，按照一个悲惨的时刻表生活，整晚熬夜，整天苦干，你告诉自己终有一天，这一切都将结束。这是你成为医生必须要做的事，但它是一般是非常不愉快的一段生活模式。偶尔获得一次小小延迟的满足并没有什么不对的地方，但是做一项工作，只是因为它会带你到达某个地方——而不是因为你喜欢它——这对你自己而言意味着抱怨生活，“有一天，这将会结束。”这对人生规划很不利。
当然，我试图成熟地接受一切。我不给我的朋友颁发诺贝尔奖或任命高层政府职位。我不会假装我的生活中能容下一切我能想象到的雄心壮志的位置。相反，我虔诚地说，所有我想要的只有这三件事：我尽可能地写出好的作品，我想有一个家庭，我想成为一个良好的儿科医师。然后，当然，一个内心的声音低声说出：写一部畅销书，有十个孩子，做出惊人的医学研究。名誉和财富，它小声提醒道，名誉和财富。即使我不再是大一新生，我很高兴地发现，那个小小的声音仍在我的耳边发出甜美的低语。
三、课文精解
Text I
1．New Year’s resolutions are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in: New Year’s resolutions新年决心。You get out of them what you put in.你付出多少就会收获多少(种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆)。
2．Judging from results of other years...: judging from/by根据……来判断，在句中用来引导伴随状语，有时用to judge from引导，例如：He was extremely handsome, to judge from the newspaper photographs.从报纸上的照片看，他极其英俊。
3．Don’t ever sneak up on me like that again: sneak up on悄悄地走近，偷偷地靠近。例如：We sneaked up on the enemies for a surprise attack.我们偷偷地挨近敌人实施突然袭击。
4．I’ll bet the fellows are swarming around: I bet…在口语中经常用到。例如：I bet they were surprised by the news.我确信这个消息会使他们大吃一惊。
5．I suggested that they carve something for their mother—like a salad spoon: 本句虚拟语气，动词suggest后要用虚拟语气：(should)＋动词原形，句中省略了should。这样的动词还有：advise, insist, command, decide, demand ,desire, order等。
6．Anybody else would have thrown in the sponge, but I kept trying: throw in the sponge认输，承认失败。keep doing继续做……，保持做……。例如：We asked her to stop, but she kept talking.我们请她别再说话了，但她还是继续说。
7．Maggie always dreads taking down the Christmas tree: dread doing…害怕做……。例如：I dread visiting the dentist.我害怕去看牙医。
8．…and then they had the nerve to say you suggested it: have the nerve to do…：(1)有魄力，有胆量。例如：You can try to run the business yourself, if you have the nerve to do it.你有魄力的话，这生意可以试着自己经营。(2)脸皮厚。例如：She had to nerve to ask for more.她脸皮真厚，开口还要更多。
Text II
1．We were all smart-ass college freshmen…: 这里出现一个俚语smart-ass，意为“自以为是的”。这体现了本文偏向口语化的风格。第二段第二句出现的buddies(家伙)也体现了这个特点。
2．I’ve always liked ambitious people, and many of my closest friends have had grandiose dreams: grandiose意为“宏大但不切实际的”，表明了作者对她同学的梦想赞叹的同时，也包含着讽刺。
3．…the word “ambitious” linked to a “career woman” suggested that she was ruthless…: 本句中含有suggest，但是后面并未使用虚拟语气。suggest有两个含义：当取“建议”的意思时，suggest后面的从句需要为“should＋动原”的虚拟语气，should可以省略。而当suggest取“隐含”的意思时，则后面的从句不需要用虚拟语气。本句中的suggest意思为“表明，隐含”，故不用虚拟语气。
4．I was faced to live a wild, adventurous life…: be fated to do…注定。例如：That will accelerate the demise of those things fated to be replaced anyway. 这将加速那些注定要被淘汰事物的消亡。
5．… to leave behind a string of broken hearts: a string of 一连串的；一系列的。例如：a string of questions一连串问题。
6．…It wasn’t exactly what they’d expected it to be: 本句为宾语从句，从句中的动词expect后接不定式构成复合结构。
四、练习答案
The Main idea
The statement that best sums up the main idea is (3): "The writer carried out his New Year’s resolutions faithfully to improve himself, but the results all went contrary to his expectations."
Vocabulary
A. Guessing the meaning of the words and phrase
1．d
2．g
3．a
4．h
5．b
6．c
7．i
8．j
9．e
10．f
B. Looking up the words in a dictionary
1．a feeling of respect and approval for a person
2．walk on one’s toes with the rest of one’s feet off ground
3．acting immediately from natural feelings
4．an expression of praise, admiration or respect
5．the part of a clock or a watch which controls the moving parts inside
6．in a friendly way, good-humouredly
7．cut (wood or stone) into a special shape
8．cut (wood) to a smaller size by taking off small thin pieces
9．great and noisy confusion or excitement
10．thoughtful as far as the feelings or needs of others are concerned
11．speak in an angry, bad-tempered way
12．stretch out oneself or one’s limbs in a lying or sitting position
Questions
1．A
2．C
3．D
4．A
5．D
6．A
7．B
8．A
Workbook
Text I
Comprehension
A. Answers for reference:
1．As the saying goes, "As you sow, so will you reap", which means whatever a man sows he will reap. The writer intends to convince the reader that making New Year’s resolutions also follows this maxim. The more resolutions you make at the beginning of the year, the better results you will have.
2．He had read a number of books on self-improvement before he made his resolutions. He wrote out a long list of resolutions. He wanted to make a different man of himself—a loving father and an ideal husband—by trying to attend to everyone’s needs.
3．Having written a long list of resolutions, he longed to put them into practice, thinking that they would be a great success.
4．Judging from the information giver1 in the text, he was a serious and strict father to the children. He did not like to be bothered with questions. He never treated them as his equals. He showed no interest in their friends nor in what they were doing. Having a quick temper, he got excited easily and often yelled at them. He did not allow any mischievous behaviour to go on at home. He was one of those husbands who did not like to lift a finger to help his wife and do household chores. What he did in his free time was enjoying himself thoroughly. He had a good time at parties and liked to stay out late even if this meant he had a headache the next day. At home, what he did most of the time was either watching a footfall match or reading the newspaper.
5．He tried to be considerate and helpful, but failed. All his efforts to be a good husband went contrary to his expectations. His wife was annoyed by his good manners and smart remarks, thinking they were affected and that he was being sarcastic on purpose. She attributed his cheerfulness, good temper and thoughtfulness to not feeling his best after staying out late.
6．He wanted to do better but did not know how to do it appropriately. On New Year’s Day, he was in a particularly cheerful and good mood, eager to render any service to his wife and children. He did everything of his own accord. He was considerate to his wife to the minutest detail and he graciously condescended to play jacks with Gretchen, build a snowman for the boys and strike up a conversation with Kit. But the result in every case proved to be just the opposite to what he had expected. The writer behaved like a changed man. What he did was suddenly totally different from what he used to do, so his family was unprepared for this change. That’s why, to them, his behavior was too good to be true—his temper too good to be believable, and his thoughtfulness too great to be natural.
7．It means: "The whole family are happy to see that you have come to be your usual self again and you are behaving naturally. At last everything will go back to normal."
B. Reference version:
1．Quite obviously, anyone who was determined to be guided by the rules of self-improvement I collected would be happy and have a richer life, infinite affection from his family and the love and respect of the community.
2．Show your love readily and willingly.
3．Whole-hearted and genuine praise is very valuable.
4．Join your children and treat them as your equals.
5．I heard screams down the hall one after another and , I found Gretchen crying.
6．The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and enthusiastically.
7．I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve close agreement and understanding between us.
8．You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past. Why do you want to start doing it now?
TEXT II
Comprehension
1．F (The writer likes ambitious people because they are entertaining and interesting, and because she is ambitious herself.)
2．F (Ambition has often been seen as a dislikable quality, especially in women.)
3．F (In the late seventies and the eighties, ambition was still seen as a nasty quality. It became desirable just because it helped people look out for number one.)
4．F (The writer doesn’t like very specific, attainable ambitions. Instead, she likes big, fantastic ambitions.)
5．T
6．T
TEXT III
Comprehension
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．A
Guided Writing
Sentence Combination
Reference version:
It is much less common for people to carry cash in the West than in China. Often it is not safe to have large amounts of cash on hand in
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