作者：圣才电子书
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中南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Test of English for MTI Candidates
Part I Diction(15%)
Directions: Choose the ONE word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the underlined part in each of the following. You should write your choices on the Answer Sheet.
1．Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?
A. foolishness
B. sanity
C. pride
D. selfishness【答案】C【解析】句意：虚荣心是七宗罪之一吗？vanity虚荣心。pride骄傲；自尊心。二者意思相近，可相互替换。foolishness愚蠢。sanity明智，头脑清楚。selfishness自私。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
2．The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.
A. examination
B. weight
C. gaze
D. attention【答案】A【解析】句意：那个小孩在感到不舒服。题目中划线词scrutiny意为“监视”。examination考试；检查，在这里引申为“监察”的意思。weight压力。gaze盯。attention关心，注意。
3．Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.
A. mumble
B. ruminate
C. wonder
D. wander【答案】D【解析】句意：布莱特教授喜欢在她的课堂上走来走去。ramble漫步。wander徘徊；游荡。二者意思相近，可相互替换。mumble咕哝，含糊地说。ruminate沉思。wonder想知道；怀疑。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
4．The teacher is very exacting about his students’ penmanship.
A. lenient
B. demanding
C. careful
D. meticulous【答案】B【解析】句意：这位老师对他的学生在书法上的要求十分严格。exacting严苛的。demanding苛刻的，要求高的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。lenient仁慈的。careful细心的；仔细的。meticulous一丝不苟的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
5．There are rumors of an economic menace from the dairy cooperatives.
A. problem
B. ultimatum
C. disaster
D. threat【答案】D【解析】句意：有谣言称奶制品合作社正面临着一场经济上的威胁。menace威胁。threat威胁,恐吓。二者意思相近，可相互替换。problem问题；难题。ultimatum最后通牒；最后结论。disaster灾难，不幸。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
6．The driver was baffled when his turn signal wouldn’t work.
A. confused
B. surprised
C. angered
D. dismayed【答案】A【解析】句意：这位司机发现自己的方向灯坏了，困惑不已。baffled困惑的。confused困惑的,疑惑的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。surprised感到惊讶的，出人意料的。angered生气的，愤怒的。dismayed惊愕的；恐慌的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
7．The farther gave his son a horse, which was considered extravagant by the rest of the family.
A. exorbitant
B. crazy
C. unwise
D. generous【答案】A【解析】句意：这位父亲送了儿子一匹马，对于家里其他人来说这可是十分奢侈的礼物。extravagant奢侈的。exorbitant（价格）过高的；（要求）过分的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。crazy疯狂的。unwise不明智的；轻率的。generous慷慨的；大方的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
8．After the boy was hit on the head, he had no recollection of anything that had happened before.
A. memoir
B. member
C. memory
D. memento【答案】C【解析】句意：这个男孩自从头部受到撞击之后，完全不记得之前发生的事情。recollection记忆。memory作名词，意为“记忆”，have no memory of意为“完全不记得……”。二者意思相近，可相互替换。memoir回忆录；自传。member成员，组员。memento纪念品。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
9．The little girls were commended for their wonderful dance presentation.
A. recommended
B. respected
C. pleased
D. praised【答案】D【解析】句意：这些小女孩因为她们出色的舞蹈演出受到了表扬。commend赞赏。praise称赞，表扬。二者意思相近，可相互替换。recommend推荐；介绍。respect尊重，尊敬。please作动词，意为“使高兴”。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
l0. It would be a blessing for the human race if the mosquito could be eradicated.
A. wiped up
B. wiped away
C. wiped off
D. wiped out【答案】D【解析】句意：如果蚊虫能被消灭掉，这对人类来讲将是个福音。eradicate消灭。wipe out消灭，彻底摧毁。二者意思相近，可相互替换。wipe up擦干净。wipe away擦去。wipe off擦掉；还清（债务等）。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
11．The clamorous group of children enjoyed the park all afternoon.
A. nosy
B. noxious
C. noisy
D. noisome【答案】C【解析】句意：这群吵闹的儿童整个下午都在公园里开心地玩耍。clamorous嘈杂的。noisy嘈杂的，喧闹的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。nosy好管闲事的；爱追问的。noxious有毒的，有害的。noisome恶臭的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
12．The flood waters began to abate as soon as the rain ceased.
A. diminish
B. dim
C. deem
D. dilute【答案】A【解析】句意：雨一停，洪水就减退了。abate减少。diminish、dim、dilute都有“程度减轻”的意思，但描述的对象不一样。diminish使减少，使变少，常指规模或影响力的减少。与abate意思相近，可相互替换。dim作动词，意为“使暗淡”，通常描述光线的减弱。dilute作动词，意为“稀释”，通常指化学成分浓度的下降。deem认为，相信。因此，本题的正确答案是A。
13．New York City’s Brooklyn area holds 2.2 million diverse and disputatious people.
A. disputable
B. argumentative
C. arbitrary
D. ardent【答案】B【解析】句意：纽约布鲁克林地区居住着220万形形色色、好争辩的人。disputatious好争辩的。argumentative好辩的，争辩的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。disputable有争议的。arbitrary武断的；专制的。ardent热情的；激烈的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
14．Few visitors care that the neighborhood is dominated by high rises and skyscrapers.
A. overlooked
B. overthrown
C. overpassed
D. overshadowed【答案】A【解析】句意：几乎没有参观者在意高楼大厦俯瞰着这片街区。dominated为dominate的过去分词，意为“俯瞰，俯视”，一般用于描述高的建筑物或山峰。overlooked为overlook的过去分词，意为“俯瞰”。二者意思相近，可相互替换。overthrown为overthrow的过去分词，意为“推翻，颠覆（政权）”。overpassed为overpass的过去分词，意为“超越；忽略”。overshadowed为overshadow的过去分词，意为“遮阴，使阴暗”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
15．With the new leadership there came sweeping change.
A. uprooting
B. wide-reaching
C. reaching
D. specific【答案】B【解析】句意：新的领导人上任后，这个地方发生了广泛的变化。sweeping广泛的。wide-reaching涉及面广的；影响深远的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。uprooting是动词uproot的现在分词，不是形容词。reaching是动词reach的现在分词，不是形容词。specific具体的；特别的。因此，本题的正确答案是B。
Part II Structure and Rhetoric (10%)
Directions: Choose the One answer that best completes each of the following sentences.
16．The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors _____ and caused them to_____.
A. in a panic, stampede
B. in a panic, panic
C. in confusion, hold their stocks
D. in despair, withdraw gradually【答案】D【解析】句意：这些金融巨头的突然破产让投资者们陷入绝望，许多投资人纷纷撤股。in despair陷入绝望。in a panic 陷入恐慌。in confusion 陷入困惑。四个选项的第一项均符合题意。withdraw撤回，抽身。stampede（人群或兽群的）狂奔。panic作动词，意为“恐慌”。hold one’s stocks持有股票。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
17．During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, _____ out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.
A. operates
B. is operating
C. has operated
D. operating【答案】D【解析】句意：1927年大洪水期间，密西西比紧急指挥部的红十字会为无家可归的人搭建临时避难所。本句的谓语为“set up”，动词“operate”为非谓语，因此采用现在分词operating。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
18．The quantum-theory states _____, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.
A. energy that
B. that it is energy
c it is energy
D. that energy【答案】D【解析】句意：量子论阐明能量，如光是由无数个细小单位的光子和量子发出和吸收的。本句中state后接以that引导的宾语从句，构成动宾结构，且that不可以省略。宾语从句中缺少主语，主语一般为名词，故用名词energy。因此，本题的正确答案是D。
19．The best known of all the Arctic birds, _____.
A. birdwatchers favor ptarmigans
B. being ptarmigans’ and birdwatchers’ favorites
C. favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchers
D. ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers【答案】D【解析】句意：雷鸟是所有北极圈鸟类中最为出名的，也是观鸟者的最爱。本句中前半句的名词词组为主语补足语，后半句须为一个完整的句子，只有A、D项符合要求。且前后主语一致，因此主语为鸟类ptarmigans。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
20．Geysers are round near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil _____.
A. surface below the deep
B. deep below the surface
C. the deep below surface
D. the deep surface below【答案】B【解析】句意：间歇泉在河流和湖泊周围，那儿的水穿过地表深层下的土壤排出。形容词词组做soil的后置定语。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
21．“Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat.” That is an example of _____.
A. pun
B. metonymy
C. zeugma
D. syllepsis【答案】C【解析】句意：“昨天他心情差，穿了件蓝色的外套。”在原句中。blue分别搭配了heart and coat，且含义不一样。Zeugma轭式搭配法是用一个词（动词、形容词或介词）与两个以上的在意义上不相干的名词搭配。pun双关语。metonymy转喻。syllepsis 一语双叙法。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
22．“By day’s end, I had drilled 4216 holes to a depth of 18 inches, and I had lost nine pounds my hearing, feeling in both hands and the ability to lift anything heavier than the evening paper.”That is an example of _____.
A. pun "
B. syllepsis
C. anticlimax
D. allusion【答案】C【解析】句意：“今天一天，我钻了4216个洞，深至18英尺，但是我瘦了9磅，我的听觉和双手的知觉减退了，连举起比餐巾纸重的东西的力气都没有了。”anticlimax突降法。pun双关法。syllepsis一语双叙法。allusion典故。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
23．“Britannia rules the waves, Mussolini waives the rules.” That is an example of _____.
A. paregmenon
B. regression
C. paradox
D. zeugma【答案】B【解析】句意：“不列颠女神统驭四海，墨索里尼无法无天。”regression回环，回文。paregmenon同源词并列。paradox自相矛盾。zeugma轭式修饰法。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
24．“Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect.” That is an example of_____.
A. oxymoron
B. transferred epithet
C. malapropism
D. parody【答案】D【解析】句意：很明显，在婚姻里，熟不一定能生巧。“practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect”是模仿英语中的名言“practice makes perfect.”。parody仿拟。oxymoron矛盾修饰法。transferred epithet移就。malapropism可笑的用词错误（尤指用发音相似而意义全非的词）。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
25．"The one in the brown suit gaped at her. Blue suit grinned, might even have winked. The big nose in grey suit still stared—and he had small angry eyes and did not even smile." That is an example of_____.
A. hyperbole
B. transferred epithet
C. metonymy
D. oxymoron【答案】C【解析】原文中“Blue suit grinned, might even have winked.” “suit”不可能grin或wink，这里“suit”指的是“suit”里头的人。因此，运用的修辞手法是转喻。metonymy转喻。hyperbole夸张。transferred epithet移就，转移修饰。oxymoron矛盾修饰法。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
Part III Reading Comprehension (15%)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should write your choices on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
For years, millions of Americans and people from around the world have crowded into the well-known major parks. They have read the travel literature or heard firsthand reports about these wonders, and naturally they’ve had to see for themselves.
At times, visiting some of our parks has become more like rubbing elbows at a jam-packed Major League baseball game than sensing the solitude of the wilderness. We have tried to see the most and the best in the least amount of time. We have jumped into cars and campers and rushed off to cover a dozen parks in a week or two—madly snapping photographs as we go.
26．According to the passage, many Americans visit the major parks because _____
A. they like the well-known major parks.
B. they want to gain the same knowledge as others.
C. they want to show the pictures of those parks to their friends.
D. they don’t care for the historic parks.
27．We can infer from the passage that _____
A. people should not visit several parks superficially.
B. people should not spend more time thinking about the park itself.
C. people should visit the famous parks in America.
D. people should drive around the parks.【答案与解析】
26．A文章第一段最后一句提到“they have read the travel literature or heard firsthand reports about these wonders, and naturally they’ve had to see for themselves.”由此可推测，吸引游客的主要原因是他们对名气大的公园的喜爱。故选A。
27．A文章第二段提到公园里时常挤满了参观者，参观者总是抱着花最少的时间参观最多的公园的心态，由此可推测作者是在建议参观者在参观公园时不应流于表面。故选A。
Passage 2
Full-time faculty and staff on the University payroll, when applying for an annual permit ,may authorize payment of their parking fees by payroll deduction. The first deduction will include the regular monthly deduction of $15.00 plus a one-time deduction to cover all parking charges accruing prior to the first deduction period.
28．These instructions apply to
A. anyone who is applying for a parking permit.
B. all people who want to park at the University.
C. people who work full-time at the University.
D. people who are applying to work at the University.
29．You may have your parking fees deducted from your pay if you
A. are applying for an annual permit.
B. have paid all prior parking charges.
C. apply before the first deduction period.
D. park at the University regularly.【答案与解析】
28．C文章开头介绍了整篇短文的对象“full-time faculty and staff”。故选c。
29．A文章第一句提到“Full-time faculty and staff on the University payroll, when applying for an annual permit ,may authorize payment of their parking fees by payroll deduction.”条件是“applying for an annual permit”。故选A。
Passage 3
The science of linguistics has helped to reconstruct the long road the ancestors of modern day Indians traveled in North America. At the time of the discovery of the New World, the explorers found a babel of tongues. In North and South America more languages were spoken—about 2,200 of them—than all of Europe and Asia at that time. Despite what some early explorers and European scholars believed, there never was such a language as “American Indian”—meaning, presumably, one common language with only local dialects. Rather than one common language that linked tile Indians of North America, about 550 distinct languages were spoken, and nearly every language comprised numerous dialects. A second misconception was that a language had to be written to rank as a full-fledged language. In North America, a truly written language developed only in Mexico, yet most Indian groups were able to communicate a rich unwritten tradition of poetry, oratory, and drama.
30．When explorers discovered North America, ____.
A. there was one common language spoken throughout the land.
B. they discovered a placed called Babel.
C. written language was an important means of communication.
D. there were many languages spoken, most with many dialects.
31．An incorrect belief of some early scholars was that ____.
A. 550 distinct languages were spoken in North America.
B. the American Indian language had many dialects.
C. more languages were spoken in North America than in Europe.
D. to be a real language, a language had to be written.
32．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Only Mexican Indians communicated through poetry, drama, and oration.
B. Most Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory arid drama.
C. Only written Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory, and drama.
D. North American Indians did not develop a truly written language.【答案与解析】
30．D文章中第二句提到“At the time of the discovery of the New World, the explorers found a babel of tongues.”紧接着第三句提到在北美和南美发现的语言更多，大约有2200种语言。由此可知，新大陆刚被发现时，当地有许多种的语言。故选D。
31．D文章中间部分提到“A second misconception was that a language had to be written to rank as a full-fledged language.”早期学者的一个错误观念是语言必须有其书写形式才称得上是成熟的语言。对应选项D。选项A、B、C反映的都是真实存在的事实，并非学者的错误观念。故选D。
32．B定位至文章中最后一句：“In North America, a truly written language developed only in Mexico, yet most Indian groups were able to communicate a rich unwritten tradition of poetry, oratory, and drama.”A项错在主题范围缩小至Mexican Indians，应为most Indians，故B正确。C错在written language，应为unwritten language。D错在全盘否定，Mexican Indians发展了书面语。故选B。
Passage 4
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human – relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow—competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise “capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of all love and of reason—are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
33．By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery “the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____.
A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
B. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society
D .a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
34．The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.
A. they are likely to lose their hobs
B. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprived of their individuality and independence
35．From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those _____.
A. who are at the bottom of the society
B .who are higher up in their social status
C. who prove better than their fellow-competitors
D. who could dip far away from this competitive world
36．To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should ______.
A. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. take the fundamental realities for granted【答案与解析】
33．D定位至文章的第一段第一句，作者紧接着补充“yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it”，随后又把人比喻为“economic puppets”（经济傀儡），根据这些关键词可知把人比喻成机器中的齿轮是暗示人受社会的牵引，失去了主动性。故选D。
34．B文章第二段第一句解释了员工焦虑的两大原因，一是失业的担忧，二是没有在工作中获得满足感和挖掘出乐趣。选项A对应第一个原因，选项B对应第二个原因。原文采用的是“not only…but also…”结构，强调的是后半部分。故选第二个原因B。
35．D文章第三段开头提到“Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.”，由此可知处于社会底层和高层的人都十分焦虑，故排除A、B。第三段最后一句提到不断的竞争是不快乐的根源，故排除C。故选D。
36．C文章最后一段倒数第二句提到“I suggest transforming our social system form… into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities”,由此可知作者的建议是社会制度应朝着开发人的工作潜能方面发展。故选C。
Passage 5
The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced, objectively selected facts. But in these days the complex news it must provide more; it must supply explanation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment facing American journalism―to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing（with the possible exception of society news）as “local” news, because any event in the international area has local reaction in the financial market, political circles, indeed, of our very way of life.
There is in journalism a widespread view that when you consider giving an explanation, you are entering dangerous water, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
The opponents of explanation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions. What are the facts? And are the bare facts enough?
As for the first question, consider how a so-called “factual” story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten that he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the beginning of the article. (this is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor decides whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.
Thus in the show of a so-called “factual” of “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in explanation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism”, arrive at a conclusion as to the importance of the news.
The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its explanation, are both objective rather than subjective processes―as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing; even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the light in the murky news channels) If an editor is intern on giving a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by explanation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story promoting it to page one or putting it on page thirty.
60．The best title for this passage is _____.
A. Function of the Night Editor
B. Explaining the News
C. Subjective versus objective Processes
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]