作者：[意] 朱利奥·杜黑
出版社：天津社会科学院出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
空权论：英汉对照试读：
前言
《空权论》的第一版，是1921年在军事部门的资助之下出版的。自那以后的数年来，这个版本中所内含的许多观点都已经付诸实施了。事实上，我提出的那份国防计划中的诸多要点，都已经获得采纳，并且整合进了全国武装部队的组建当中；这些要点就是：1．将陆、海、空三军置于统一指挥之下并协同行动，这是我对1922年的国防问题提出来的一种设想。
2．成立一个航空委员会，之后再组建航空部。
3．将“独立空军”与辅助航空兵区分开来，从而实现上述设想；我认为此种观点对于国防来说至关重要，并且与当前形势下的诸多事实相对应。
既然我的想法都已被采纳并且业已付诸实施，那么再版我的书似乎就没有什么必要了。不过，我认为这样做还是有必要的；之所以再版当时所写内容并在其中加入了第二编，我的理由如下：
1921年我写作第一版的时候，距我首次说明其中所表达的那些观点已有十多年了。在那些年里，我一直都在竭尽全力地让人们充分认识到制空权的重要性；但我的所有努力，在军事当局和政府官僚的干预之下，却无一获得成功。最后，到了1921年，由于形势出现了此处无须说明的变化，我才成功地让战争部出版了本书，并且分发到陆、海两军官兵的手中。这是我经过漫长而艰巨的努力之后，获得的第一次成功。但在那个时候，为了给国家做出实实在在而有益的贡献，我不得不谨慎行事，不能过分强烈地反对当时身居高位的那些人某些根深蒂固的观念。因此，我不得不弱化我的想法，只是论述一些不可或缺的基本原则，以待更加有利的时机，再去充分论述自己的观点。幸好，如今的形势已经不同了。无论愿意还是不愿意，军事当局都不得不改变他们对于空军的看法了。我已经走出了第一步；如今则已到了完整阐述我关于制空权这一问题的想法的时候。因此，第一卷第二编应当看成是对第一编的补充。
第二编中所表达出来的那些观点，虽说看上去可能会很鲁莽，或许还会显得很奇怪，但我敢肯定，它们也将一路向前，最终会像其他观点一样为人们所接受。这不过是个时间早晚的问题罢了。朱利奥·杜黑（1927年第二版）Book One The Command of The Air第一卷 空权论Originally published in book form in 1921.（1921年首次成书出版）PART ICHAPTER I The New Form of War□THE TECHNICAL MEANS OF WARFARE
AERONAUTICS OPENED up to men a new field of action, the field of the air. In so doing it of necessity created a new battlefield; for wherever two men meet, conflict is inevitable. In actual fact, aeronautics was widely employed in warfare long before any civilian [1]use was made of it. Still in its infancy at the outbreak of the World War, this new science received then a powerful impetus to military development.
The practical use of the air arm was at first only vaguely understood. This new arm had sprung suddenly into the field of war; and its characteristics, radically different from those of any other arm employed up to that time, were still undefined. Very few possibilities of this new instrument of war were recognized when it first appeared. Many people took the extreme position that it was impossible to fight in the air; others admitted only that it might prove a useful auxiliary to already existing means of war.
At first the speed and freedom of action of the airplane — the air arm chiefly used in the beginning — caused it to be considered primarily an instrument of exploration and reconnaissance. Then gradually the idea of using it as a range-finder for the artillery grew up. Next, its obvious advantages over surface means led to its being used to attack the enemy on and behind his own lines, but no great importance was attached to this function because it was thought that the airplane was incapable of transporting any heavy load of offensive materiel. Then, as the need of counteracting enemy aerial operations was felt, antiaircraft guns and the so-called pursuit planes came into being.
Thus, in order to meet the demands of aerial warfare, it became necessary step by step to increase aerial power. But because the needs which had to be met manifested themselves during a war of large scope, the resulting increase was rapid and hectic, not sound and orderly. And so the illogical concept of utilizing the new aerial weapon solely as an auxiliary to the army and navy prevailed for almost the entire period of the World War. It was only toward the end of the war that the idea emerged, in some of the belligerent nations, that it might be not only feasible but wise to entrust the air force with independent offensive missions. None of the belligerents fully worked out this idea, however — perhaps because the war ended before the right means for actuating the idea became available.[2]
Now, however, this idea has emerged again and seems to be impressing itself strongly on the national authorities most concerned with these matters. It is, in fact, the only logical answer to the imperative need of defense against these new weapons of warfare. Essentially man lives close to the earth's surface, and no doubt he began his battling there. We do not know whether, when he first began to navigate the seas, he regarded naval warfare as a mere auxiliary to land operations; but we do know that from time immemorial we have been fighting on the sea independently of, though in co-operation with, land forces. Today, however, the sky is of far greater interest to man, living on the surface of the earth, than is the sea; and nothing, therefore, can a priori prevent him from reaching the conclusion that the air constitutes a battlefield of equal importance.
Though an army is primarily a land force, it possesses navigable means of warfare which it can use to help integrate its land operations; and that fact does not preclude the navy's accomplishing, solely with its own naval means, war missions from which the army is completely excluded. Similarly, while a navy is primarily a sea force, it possesses
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