一次考好考研英语关键1000题(知识运用、阅读理解和大小作文,短期突破拿高分)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-01 09:23:38

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作者:赵岚,易人外语教研组

出版社:江苏凤凰科学技术出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

一次考好考研英语关键1000题(知识运用、阅读理解和大小作文,短期突破拿高分)

一次考好考研英语关键1000题(知识运用、阅读理解和大小作文,短期突破拿高分)试读:

Preface 前 言

我国的研究生入学考试,一般要求考生具备大专以上学历,参加每年的12月份举行的全国统考, 通过后通过学习获得国家认可的硕士研究生学历、学位证书。2010年,国家对考研科目中的英语考试进行了改革,分为英语一和英语二两种形式。其中学术性研究生考英语一,专业学位研究生考英语二。为了让考生能在复习期间有所方向,我们针对考研中的英语一科目精心编写了此书。

近十年来,英语考试题型没有发生太大的变化,主要包括三个部分。第一部分是英语知识与应用,主要考查形式为完形填空。第二部分是阅读理解,在这个部分中又分为三个环节。Part A是四篇四选一的常规阅读理解,Part B包括句子还原题、段落排序题、匹配题。Part C是句子翻译。第三部分是写作,涵盖小作文(应用文)和大作文(图画作文)两部分。本书选取了2007年到2016年的英语考研真题,对三大题型进行了全面细致地分析。除了让考生对考研英语真题有所了解之外,在每个“真题解读”版块下,我们还额外设置了“强化训练”环节,从而可以使考生学以致用,及时巩固和强化所学。

在所有的题型中,完形填空,四选一常规阅读理解,翻译以及写作在近十年的考查形式中都是固定的,只有第二部分Part B的题型每年都有轻微的调整。句子还原题、段落排序题以及匹配题是轮流出现的。在本书的“强化训练”板块中,则针对这种不确定性分别设定各类题型的练习,使考生做到有备无患。

在此我们衷心希望本书可以给各位考生带来实质性的帮助,在备考期间有的放矢,并祝愿每一位考生都能顺利通过考试。

使用说明

User's guide

最新题型,分类剖析

本书选取了2007年到2016年间的研究生入学考试的英语真题。主要对英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作三个部分进行讲解。以历年真题为标准,归纳总结答题技巧。

真题解读,因题而异

因为考研英语一考试所考查的题型不一,所以我们应掌握各题型的解答技巧。英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作的“真题解读”板块也设定相应的内容。根据命题思路的不同,进行针对性地训练,从而掌握答题技巧。

特色版块,灵活设定

依据考试中的不同题型,灵活地设置不同的内容板块。其中包括文章概览、答案详解、语法知识、句子试译等多个栏目。并针对阅读、句子、写作等专项,对考试难点逐一击破。

强化训练,学以致用

根据历年考试真题的命题思路和考点规律,对每个考试题型都进行强化模拟训练,使考生做到有备无患,在考前进行实战演练,真正做到考前万无一失。

Section I 英语知识运用 Use of English

Chapter 1 真题解读

Chapter 2 强化训练

题型说明与技巧总结

该题型所占分值为10分,考试时间为20分钟。阅读材料大都来源于国外书籍和特刊。其中有20个单词空缺。每一个单词有四个选项,要求考生从中选出最符合题意的一个选项。选项涉及多种词性,既包括名词、动词、形容词和副词,也包括介词和连词等等。

答题技巧总结如下:(1)先通读全文,掌握文章大意。(2)再次细读原文,对空缺单词的句子成分进行分析,推断出单词的词性。首先排除词性不符合的选项。(3)再结合句意或者是搭配习惯选出最佳答案。(4)把正确答案带入原文,再通读一遍,看是否符合上下文语境。Chapter 1 真题解读

Directions:

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.

In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .

"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging" is a marker of intimacy and help 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."

Some experts 17 the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.

1. A. Besides B. Unlike C. Throughout D. Despite

2. A. equal B. restricted C. connected D. inferior

3. A. view B. host C. lesson D. choice

4. A. avoid B. forget C. recall D. keep

5. A. collecting B. affecting C. guiding D. involving

6. A. on B. in C. at D. of

7. A. devoted B. attracted C. lost D. exposed

8. A. along B. across C. down D. out

9. A. imagined B. denied C. doubted D. calculated

10.A. served B. restored C. explained D. required

11.A. Thus B. Still C. Rather D. Even

12.A. defeats B. symptoms C. errors D. tests

13.A. highlighted B. increased C. controlled D. minimized

14.A. presented B. equipped C. associated D. compared

15.A. assess B. generate C. moderate D. record

16. A. in the name of B. in the form of C. in the face of D. in the way of

17.A. attribute B. commit C. transfer D. return

18.A. unless B. because C. though D. until

19.A. remains B. emerges C. vanishes D. decreases

20.A. experiences B. combines C. justifies D. influences

1. 答案:A

A. Besides 除……之外(还) B. Unlike 不像,和……不同

C. Throughout 自始至终;遍及 D. Despite 尽管

解析:文章第一、二句以一问一答的形式肯定了拥抱对人的好处(keep the doctor away)。空格所在的这句话则介绍具体的益处:逗号前是第一点helping you feel close and to people you care about,逗号后是第二点can bring a of health benefits to your body and mind。这两点属于同类并存关系,故选择可表包含关系的A项Besides“除……之外(还)”。

2. 答案:C

A. equal 平等的;能应付的 B. restric ted 受限制的

C. connected 有联系的;连接的 D. inferior 较差的;低等的

解析:本题主要考查对选项词汇的理解。空格前的and提示所填单词应跟close语义接近。C项connected “有联系的;连接的”符合要求,填入本句后构成短语feel/be connected to“与……有联系”,表示“拥抱能让你感到跟自己在乎的人关系亲密”,语义通顺,故本题选C项。

3. 答案:B

A. view 观点;景色 B. host 主人;大量 C. lesson 课;教训 D. choice 选择

解析:空格位于that引导的从句中,该从句的主干是hugs can bring health benefits (to your body and mind),其中health benefits是名词短语的复数作bring的宾语。因此,health benefits前缺少的应该是量词。 四个选项中,只有B项host构成的短语a host of“许多,大量”符合文意。

4. 答案:A

A. avoid 避免 B. forget 忘记 C. recall 记起 D. keep 保持;伺养

解析:本段一直在肯定拥抱是有益的行为,might even help you...表达的是对拥抱的进一步肯定。空格后为 getting sick this winter“这个冬天得病”,空格所选的词应该表达出否定、拒绝或避免这种行为的意义,A项avoid “避免”符合本句的语义逻辑。

5. 答案:D

A. collecting 收集 B. affecting 影响

C. guiding 指导 D. inferior involving 涉及,卷入

解析:空格前提及“研究”,空格后是“400多名健康成人”,结合下文内容,可知这400多人应该是参与该研究的测试对象,故study与400 healthy adults应该是包含的关系:该研究包含了400多名健康成人,或者说该研究涉及了400多名健康成人。D项involving“涉及,卷入”符合此处逻辑关系。

6. 答案:A

A. on B. in C. at D. of

解析:本空所在句很长,且涉及多个挖空,解答本题的关键是先抓住本句的主干researchers examined the effects。看到effects要马上联想它的习惯搭配the effect of A on B“A对B的影响”。空格前有effects of...,空格后有名词短语the participants' susceptibility...,可见此空应填人A项on,表示研究员检测了“感知到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱”对受试者患上普通感冒的敏感性的影响。

7. 答案:D

A. (be) devoted (to) 致力于 B. (be) attracted (to)被吸引

C. (be) lost 迷失;迷惘 D. inferior(be) exposed (to) 暴露于

解析:developing the common cold是在being to the virus之后,空格所在的动名词短语的逻辑主语应该是前面提到的受试者。根据常理,应该是人先接触到病毒才有可能在之后染上感冒。D项exposed“暴露”代人空格,构成be exposed to结构,意为“暴露于”,符合此处语义逻辑,为答案。

8. 答案:C

A. (come) along 到来;进展 B. (come) across 被理解;偶然遇见

C. (come) down (with) 患(病)的 D. (come) out (with) 说出

解析:前一句讲到研究人员检测社会支持对人患上感冒几率的影响,本句具体指出检测结果,即空格所在的不定式短语表达的应该是“患上感冒”的意思。四个选项中只有C项代人后符合要求,come down with意为 “患(病)”。

9. 答案:D

A. imagined 想象 B. denied 否认

C. doubted 怀疑 D. calculated 估计,推测

解析:本段主要介绍一项研究,第一句指出研究目标,本句承接第一句讲述研究结果。本句前半句肯定了社会支持和拥抱对健康的益处;后半句由and连接,暗示后半句在语义上跟前半句是顺承关系,也应该是对上述益处的肯定表述。D项calculated“估计,推测”代人后表示研究员(基于检测数据)得出that从句所讲的推论,是对上述益处的进一步肯定,符合上下文语境,故选D项。

10. 答案:C

A. served 服务;对……有用 B. restored 恢复,修复

C. explained 说明;解释 D. required 需要,依靠

解析:本空要填的是that从句的谓语,解题关键是弄清主语the stress-reducing effects of hugging“拥抱的减压效果”和宾语about 32 percent of that beneficial effect“那种有益影响的32%左右”之间的关系。由宾语中的“……的32%”可知,谓语应表示“占据”“等于”这类意思的词汇,如(be) equal to、account for、take up等。C项explained有“说明……的理由,解释……的原因”之意,代入文中表示那种有益影响中有32%左右要归因于拥抱的减压效果,相当于account for,C项符合此处语义,故为答案。

11. 答案:D

A. Thus 因此 B. Still 仍然,不过

C. Rather 相当,而是 D. Even 甚至

解析:本题考查句与句之间的逻辑关系。前一句重点讲“拥有越多社会支持的人患感冒的可能性越小”,本句重点讲“在患感冒的人当中,拥有越多社会支持的人患病越轻”。前后两句之间是顺承、递进的关系,本句是对前一句的进一步解释说明,可以理解为“退一步来讲,即使是在那些已经患感冒的人当中,获得社会支持越多的人、获得拥抱越频繁的人,就越轻”,因此选表递进的D项Even“甚至”。

12. 答案:B

A. defeats 失败,挫败 B. symptoms 症状

C. errors 错误,差错 D. tests 测验,测试

解析:本句讲述已经感冒的人的情况,患病者自然会有症状,而空格前的severe“严重的”也提示此处应填B 项symptom “症状”。

13. 答案:B

A. highlighted 突出的,强调的 B. increased 增加的

C. controlled 被控制的 D. minimized 降至最低的

解析:本空所在句谓语用了 protect...from... “保护……免受……”结构,句子大意为“拥抱可以保护处于压力之下的人免受 的感冒风险”。本题四个选项都属过去分词作形容词用,表完成或被动。既然是“保护……免受”,按常理来说应是免受一些不好的事情的侵袭,所以应该是“增长的感冒风险”,也就是拥抱使处于压力之下的人患感冒的风险不会增加,B项increased符合此处语义逻辑。

14. 答案:C

A. presented 授予 B. equipped 配备,装备

C. associated 联想,联系 D. compared 比较,对比

解析:本空位于由that引导的定语从句中,该从句修饰colds“感冒”,补充说明此类感冒的特点。四个选项中,C项associated填入空格中构成的短语be associated with stress表示“跟压力有关的”,符合此处语义逻辑,表明拥抱有助于保护处于压力之下的人免于患上与压力有关的感冒。

15. 答案:B

A. assess 评估,评定 B. generate 产生,引起

C. moderate 缓和,使适中 D. record 记录

解析:空格所在的这句话意在进一步解释前一句中谢尔登·科恩教授的话,指出为何拥抱能帮助处于压力之下的人避免感冒增多的风险:拥抱不仅代表关系亲密,还能让人 一种“在面对困难时随时都会有人来帮助你”的感觉。四个选项中只有B项generate“产生,引起”符合文中语义,故B项正确。

16. 答案:C

A. in the name of 以……的名义 B. in the form of 以……的形式

C. in the face of 面对 D. in the way of 关于,就……而言

解析:本句主要是从心理层面对拥抱所产生的积极作用进行解释说明,空格后为difficulty,可猜测应该是“应对困难”“克服困难”等积极的词汇。C项in the face of代人后表示“面对困难”,与此处文意吻合,故为答案。

17. 答案:A

A. attribute 把……归因于 B. commit 承诺,调拨

C. transfer 转移 D. return 返还,放回

解析:空格所在句“一些专家把拥抱带来的有助于减压的健康益处 拥抱时释放的催产素”缺谓语,解题关键是分析benefits of hugging和release of oxytocin的关系。本句后面还有一个原因状语从句“它能够增进人与人之间的依附关系,包括母体与新生儿之间的依恋感”(其中的it指催产素),可见催产素能对人的心理产生正面影响,能缓和人际关系。由此推断催产素的释放应该可以带来缓解压力的效果,A项代入文中,与后面的介词to构成attribute...to... “把……归因于……”,符合此处语义逻辑,A项为答案。

18. 答案:B

A. unless 除非 B. because 因为 C. though 虽然,尽管 D. until直到……为止

解析:本空需填入连接词,引出后面的从句it promotes attachment...,解题关键在于弄清从句与主句之间的关系。从句说的是催产素对人际关系的正面影响,这就解释了主句说的拥抱带来的有助于减压的健康益处与催产素的释放有关,故本题应选表原因的B项because。

19. 答案:A

A. remains 停留 B. emerges 出现 C. vanishes 消失 D. decreases 减少

解析:上一句说催产素主要产生于大脑中下部,并且有一些会被释放进血液中。本句出现转折连词But,可知此处应该讲述与上句相反的情况,B项有一些催产素不会进人血液中,故选A项remains,表示“有一些会遗留在大脑里”。

20. 答案:D

A. experiences 经历,体会 B. combines 使联合,使结合

C. justifies 证明……正当,为……辩护 D. influences 影响

解析:空格所在的从句讲述大脑里的催产素 人的情绪、行为和生理。D项influences“影响”填人空格,表示这部分催产素影响着人的情绪、行为和生理,符合文中语境,为答案。

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.

Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.

1. A. by way of B. as well as C. on behalf of D. with regard to

2. A. adapt to B. provide for C. compete with D. decide on

3. A. close B. renew C. arrange D. postpone

4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example

5. A. Although B. Lest C. After D. Unless

6. A. into B. within C. from D. through

7. A. sine B. or C. but D. so

8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create

9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying

10. A. lighting B. passing C. hiding D. serving

11. A. meeting B. association C. collection D. union

12. A. grow B. part C. deal D. live

13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if

14. A. obtain B. follow C. challenge D. avoid

15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed

16. A. wherever B. however C. whenever D. whatever

17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed

18. A. divided B. invested C. donated D. withdrawn

19. A. clears B. warms C. shows D. breaks

20. A. while B. so what C. once D. in that

1. 答案:B

A. by way of 经由,当作 B. as well as 和,也

C. on behalf of 代表,为了 D. with regard to 关于,至于

解析:根据空格前后的内容是“择偶涉及到男方的亲朋好友,_____女方的亲朋好友”,由此可知空格前后是并列关系。选项B是正确答案。

2. 答案:D

A. adapt to 使自己适应 B. provide for 供养,供给

C. compete with 与……竞争 D. decide on 决定,选定

解析:空格处需要填谓语动词,空格后面的宾语是a likely spouse。根据意思。只有选项D decide on可以与a likely spouse构成动宾搭配,意思是“选择配偶”,所以D是正确答案。

3. 答案:C

A. close 关闭 B. renew 更新 C. arrange 安排 D. postpone 推迟

解析:此题考查的也是动宾搭配,只有选项C arrange能与空格后面的the marriage negotiation搭配使用,表示“安排婚姻协商”,所以选C。

4. 答案:A

A. In theory 理论上讲 B. Above all 首先,尤其是

C. In time 及时 D. For example 比如

解析:根据空格前后的内容可知,女孩可能会不认可父母为其选的配偶。所以,与原文句子内容表达一致的,只有选项A。

5. 答案:C

A. Although 尽管 B. Lest 唯恐,以免

C. After 在……之后 D. Unless 除非

解析:根据a spouse has been selected(选好配偶)和each family investigates the other to make sure (每个家庭都要调查对方以确保……)可以判断出,这两个句子存在先后关系,故选C。

6. 答案:A

A. into 到……中去 B. within 在……之内

C. from 从……来 D. through 通过

解析:此处考察marry的搭配,marry into表示“通过结婚成为……的一员”,故选A。

7. 答案:C

A. since 自从 B. or 或者 C. but 但是 D. so 所以

解析:空格前半句是Formerly it lasted three days(原来传统婚礼持续三天),而后半句是by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.(到20世纪80年代婚礼通常持续一天半),前后文形成对比,故选C。

8. 答案:C

A. test 测试 B. copy 复制 C. recite 背诵 D. create 创造

解析:此处考的是固定搭配。recite的意思是“背诵”,recite prayers of blessing表示“诵经”,故选C。

9. 答案:D

A. folding 折叠 B. piling 堆积 C. wrapping 包,裹 D. tying 绑,系

解析:空格后面是cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, 意思是“浸泡在圣水中的棉线 ______ 在新娘和新郎的手腕”。 D符合题意。

10. 答案:B

A. lighting 点亮 B. passing 传递 C. hiding 隐藏 D. serving 服务

解析:空格后是a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples,意思是“ 在一圈婚姻幸福美满和德高望重的夫妇中_________一根蜡烛来祝福他们。passing符合题意,选B。

11. 答案:D

A. meeting 见面 B. association 社团,协会

C. collection 聚集 D. union 联合,结合

解析:该句讲到:围坐在新婚夫妇身边,祝福他们的____。根据语境可知应填入“结合”,所以D为正确答案。

12. 答案: D

A. grow 成长,种植 B. part 分离,分配

C. deal 处理,给予 D. live 生活,度过

解析:空格前后的意思是,传统意义上讲,新婚夫妇会搬去新娘的父母家,并和他们______长达一年之久。选项D符合题意。

13. 答案:B

A. whereas 然而 B. until 直到

C. for 为了,因为 D. if 如果,即使

解析:该句意思是:新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家,并和他们生活长达一年之久,______他们能够在附近建造新房。空格需要填入逻辑连接词,表示时间的先后关系,故选B。

14. 答案:A

A. obtain 获得,得到 B. follow 跟随

C. challenge 挑战 D. avoid 避免

解析:由上下文可知,离婚是合法的并且很容易______,但并不普遍。填入词应与legal保持一致,故排除C和D。而follow一词不与divorce搭配使用。故选A。

15. 答案:C

A. isolated 隔离 B. persuaded 劝说

C. viewed 看待,视为 D. exposed 暴露

解析:这句话是表达人们对离婚的看法,C符合题意。

16. 答案:D

A. wherever 无论在哪里 B. however 无论如何

C. whenever 无论什么时候 D. whatever 无论什么

解析:空格前是动词retain,空格处需要填写一个连词来引导宾语从句, 这个连词与property共同充当从句中的宾语。因此排除A和C。 B虽然是连词,但与句意不符,故选D。whatever property表示“一切财产”。

17. 答案:B

A. changed 改变 B. brought 带来

C. shaped 形成,塑造 D. pushed 推

解析:空格处需要一个动词,和property构成动宾搭配。只有选项B符合题意。bring into表示“带入”。

18. 答案:A

A. divided 分配 B. invested 投资 C. donated 捐献 D. withdrawn 取出

解析:and jointly-acquired property is ____ equally表示“共同财产要平均___”。联系上下文可知,此句在讨论离婚时的财产分配,所以选项A符合题意。

19. 答案:C

A. clears 清除 B. warms 加热 C. shows 出现 D. breaks 打破

解析:此处考查动词词组的搭配,空格前面是gender prejudice (性别歧视),而后文提到离婚后,男性可以立即再婚, 而女性则必须要等几个月。这些都在说明“性别歧视”的存在。show up表示“露出,显现”,符合题意。

20. 答案:A

A. while 而 B. so what 那又怎样 C. once 一旦 D. in that 因为,由于

解析:上文指出,离婚男士可以立即再婚,空格后提到“女性必须要等待十个月”,两句话形成对比,故空格处需要填一个表示转折的连词,故选答案A。

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .

While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”

The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 !

One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.

The findings do not simply explain people's 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

1. A. when B. why C. how D. what

2. A. defended B. concluded C. withdrawn D. advised

3. A. for B. with C. on D. by

4. A. compared B. sought C. separated D. connected

5. A. tests B. objects C. samples D. examples

6. A. insignificant B. unexpected C. unbelievable D. incredible

7. A. visit B. miss C. seek D. know

8. A. resemble B. influence C. favor D. surpass

9. A. again B. also C. instead D. thus

10. A. Meanwhile B. Furthermore C. Likewise D. Perhaps

11. A. about B. to C. from D. like

12. A. drive B. observe C. confuse D. limit

13. A. according to B. rather than C. regardless of D. along with

14. A. chances B. responses C. missions D. benefits

15. A. later B. slower C. faster D. earlier

16. A. forecast B. remember C. understand D. express

17. A. unpredictable B. contributory C. controllable D. disruptive

18. A. endeavor B. decision C. arrangement D. tendency

19. A. political B. religious C. ethnic D. economic

20. A. see B. show C. prove D. tell

1. 答案:D

A. when 何时 B. why 为什么 C. how 如何 D. what 什么

解析:从第一个空格到最后整个句子是表语从句,表语从句中缺少连接代词,A、B、C项均为连接副词。所以选D。

2. 答案:B

A. defended 防御 B. concluded 作结论 C. withdrawn 撤回 D. advised 建议

解析:第一句为本文的论点,而该论点是一项研究得出的结论。根据词义选择B项。

3. 答案:C

A. for 为了 B. with 随着 C. on 在……上 D. by 通过

解析:考查介词搭配,“在……上”用介词on。C项为正确答案。

4. 答案:A

A. compared 对比 B. sought 寻求 C. separated 隔开 D. connected 连接

解析:首句提到“朋友间有1%的基因是相同的”,空缺处后面说 “unrelated friends and unrelated strangers”,可知,这项研究是“对比”了朋友间和陌生人间的基因发现的结论。故选择A项。

5. 答案:C

A. tests 测试 B. objects 目标 C. samples 样本 D. examples 例子

解析:由前句可知,实验对象被分为unrelated friends(无血缘关系的朋友)和unrelated strangers (无血缘关系的陌生人)两个“样本”,答案为C。

6. 答案:A

A. insignificant 微不足道的 B. unexpected 意想不到的

C. unbelievable 难以置信的 D. incredible 难以置信的

解析:根据后面“it is not so to a geneticist”可知,A项“微不足道的”最符合题意。

7. 答案:D

A. visit 参观 B. miss 想念 C. seek 寻求 D. know 知道

解析:此题考查词义辨析。根据后半句中的转折连词but可知,填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折关系,只有选项D符合。

8. 答案:A

A. resemble 相似 B. influence 影响 C. favor 喜爱 D. surpass 超越

解析:根据本文论点“朋友间有1%的相似基因”可知,我们选择与我们的亲人相似的人作为朋友”,答案为A。

9. 答案:B

A. again 再一次 B. also 还 C. instead 替代 D. thus 因此

解析:句首的论点是一个发现,此处又揭示了一个发现,只有B项符合逻辑。

10. 答案:D

A. Meanwhile 同时 B. Furthermore 此外 C. Likewise 同样地 D. Perhaps 也许

解析:前面句子说“...difficult to explain”,而后面给出了解释,可判断出,这是一种猜测。正确答案为D。

11. 答案:B

A. about 关于 B. to 向 C. from 来自 D. like 像

解析:空缺后的it指代的是前句中的this similarity exists in smell genes,即“这种相似性能将我们引至同样的环境之中”,这是一种解释。而本句“对此”的解释还有很多,只有B项to有“对此,对”的意思。

12. 答案:A

A. drive 驱使 B. observe 观察 C. confuse 困惑 D. limit 限制

解析:联系上下文,根据词义选择A项,本句意为“有许多机制驱使我们选择基因相近的人为友”。

13. 答案:B

A. according to 根据 B. rather than 而不是

C. regardless of 不顾 D. along with 随着

解析:本段讨论的是“为什么朋友间有相同的嗅觉基因”,此句也是对此的一种解释。前半句说因为“有许多机制驱使我们选择基因相近的人为友”,根据逻辑判断,后面的“functional kinship”应该不是择友所需的,答案为B。

14. 答案:D

A. chances 机会 B. responses 回应 C. missions 任务 D. benefits 利益

解析:根据前面的“functional kinship”(起作用的朋友关系),可知交友为了“利益”,答案为D。

15. 答案:C

A. later 更晚的 B. slower 更慢的 C. faster 更快的 D. earlier 更早的

解析:根据下文中提到的picked pace“加快步子”可知,此处应选C项“较快的”。

16. 答案:C

A. forecast 预测 B. remember 记得 C. understand 理解 D. express 表达

解析:空格后面是一个why引导的宾语从句,意为“人类进化在过去三万年间得以加速的原因”。 能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C项understand。其他选项不符合文意。

17. 答案:B

A. unpredictable 不可预知的 B. contributory 有助于……的

C. controllable 可控制的 D. disruptive 破坏的

解析:前半句说到“人类进化在过去三万年中加速了”,根据题意可知,此处要表达的是“社会环境是一种主要的促成因素”,选择B符合此意。

18. 答案:D

A. endeavor 努力 B. decision 决定 C. arrangement 安排 D. tendency 倾向

解析:本文的重点是解释人们在交友中的一种倾向,即选择与自己有相似基因的人为友。因此正确答案为D。

19. 答案:C

A. political 政治的 B. religious 宗教的 C. ethnic 种族的 D. economic 经济的

解析:结合上文,人们倾向选择与自己有相似基因的人为友。选项C项“种族的”最合题意。

20. 答案:A

A. see 看见 B. show 显示 C. prove 证明 D. tell 告诉

解析:see that表示“确保,务必”的意思,符合文意。本句意为“尽管所有的研究对象都选自某个欧洲族群,但研究者还是确保所有研究对象,朋友和陌生人,都来自同一族群”。

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments". 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .

Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connection that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made

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