7天搞定托福独立口语(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-01 20:57:24

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作者:许轶

出版社:机械工业出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

7天搞定托福独立口语

7天搞定托福独立口语试读:

前言

很多考生在参加托福口语考试的过程中会有这样一种感觉:15秒的准备时间形同虚设,尤其是当遇到一些从未思考过的题目时,一声“beep”过后,会让很多考生惊慌失措、语无伦次。而45秒的答题时间对于考生来说,往往会觉得比预想的短很多,有时甚至还没有说到重点,时间就到了。其实,托福口语的这种记时机考的考试形式和雅思口语并没有本质的不同,只是应试性更强。凡是应试性强的考试,有针对性地准备和练习都是拿高分的必要条件。对自己要说的内容越确定,练习的次数越多,考场上就越游刃有余。本书主要以历年真题之中较有代表性的题目举例,为考生补充通用性较高的论点,相信其中的一些论点在反复利用的过程中,一定会留在考生脑海中,在考试的时候信手拈来。

本书具有哪些特色

在选题上,我们选取了较核心和经典的105道题目加以解析,并将这105道题目划分成7天的内容。每天的前10道题非常接近近两年考过的重点题目,后5道题作为拓展和预测内容,供大家用于自我检测与练习。之所以这样来选题及模块划分,是因为我们相信一件事的成功需要两个要素:一个是具体可执行的计划,一个是相对紧迫的准备时间。对于一边上学或上班,一边准备TOEFL考试,或是同时还准备着SAT、GRE的考生来说,要花大量的时间去准备独立口语是不实际的。因此我们省去长篇累牍的题型介绍和理论知识,直接给考生提供最有含金量的题目和最万用的论点及例证,希望在较短的时间内让考生的分数有最大程度的提高。

在形式上,每道题目的解析都是由“话题分类”“思路拓展”和“答题参考”三个部分组成。其中“话题分类”意在让考生们对独立口语有一个宏观的掌控,看到一道新题就能通过某个关键词对号入座,联想到该话题分类下常用的论点、论据;“思路拓展”和“答题参考”两个部分分别从整体上和细节上对题目进行分析和展开,避免有主题句没论点或有论点没细节的情况出现。

本书所假定的产生是占据中国考生80%比例的口语在18~24分这一分数段的主流群体。这部分考生的共性是语法没问题,但实际运用中就“抓虾”,句型学过一些,但说出来却总是重复那么一两个,单词也背过很多,就是答题时找不到最能概括论点的那个。因此即使有不错的想法也往往绕来绕去说不到点子上,于是“铺垫,解释说理,再铺垫,再重复解释”——最后还没答完。灵活选用恰当句型、用词简洁精准需要长期的积累和练习,本书无力一一讨论。但在托福独立口语的话题范围内,有一些论点是可以反复利用的。在例题分析里补充了这些简单好用的论点,意在让考生从此能够采用“论点1,论据1,论点2,论据2”这样明确直接的结构,在45秒内有理有据地完成,并迈出向口语25+进阶的第一步。至于列举出的论据只是抛砖引玉,有想法的同学完全可以自己DIY。

最后,口语终归是一个输出技能,补充论点论据只是完成了准备工作的一半,更重要的是通过多次输出及时地把它们转换成自己的内容。因此,正确的练习方法是:每读完一篇题目解析,就要依靠要点笔记对答案进行反复地复述并录音,直到能够在45秒内流畅地、有条理地说出来为止。录好的录音可以发给一起练习的伙伴或其他有一定英语基础的人,问他们是否能听懂,如果听不懂,说明语音语调或断句上还存在影响理解的问题。根据以往经验,掌握一道题需要录音的遍数在5~10遍,录15道题共花费的时间在2~3个小时。

您还能享受哪些服务

如果你在做TPO模考题的过程中遇到问题,可以登陆网站(360class.cn),通过导航进入【TPO伴侣】栏目,找到相应的题目视频讲解进行学习。

视频全部由360课堂网满分老师亲授,逐题讲解,重点突出,随时随地使用,为考生节省了宝贵的学习时间。另外,考生还可以使用网站自主开发的在线背单词系统,随时测试自己的单词掌握情况,系统内含时代焦点内部专用的单词教材和热销词汇书、含金量极高,可从源头解决普通单词书单词数量多、不便于记忆且词义与考试考点不匹配等问题,帮助考生用最短的时间记忆最多、最有用的单词。这些功能都是免费的,欢迎考生们使用!

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托福口语题型分类

1.独立口语Speaking about Familiar Topics

Task 1 开放式问题Free-choice

Task 2 二选一问题Paired-choice

2.综合口语—校园场景类Speaking about Campus Situations

Task 3 Campus-related Issue&Student's Attitude

Task 5 Student-related Problem&Solutions

3.综合口语—学术课程类Speaking about Academic Course Content

Task 4 Term&Examples

Task 6 Summary

托福口语评分标准

Delivery

How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas.Raters will be looking to see how well you can control both basic and more complex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary.

Language Use

How clear your speech is.Good responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear,with good pronunciation,natural pacing,and natural-sounding intonation patterns.

Topic Development

How fully you answer the question and how coherently you present your ideas.Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted,and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.

托福口语解答特征

高分答题特征

1.语音清晰;语调标准;语速适中。

2.选词快速、恰当;句型多样。

3.句子间有连接词,逻辑关系清晰,易于理解。

4.句子表述顺畅;无过多停顿。

5.良好的节奏,词密度高,保证了表达的高效。

6.信息表述完整。对于独立口语而言有明确的观点、理由和细节;对于综合口语而言完整的准确地转述材料中的重要信息。

低分答题特征

1.有明显的错读、误读;声音过小或过于含糊不清;无语调变化。

2.相同词语或句型反复使用;有明显的搭配错误和语法错误。由于句子停顿过多,给人以“不能迅速、准确选用词汇、句式和语法”的感觉。

3.没有正确使用逻辑连接词;信息零散,观点、理由、细节三者的关系不清楚。

4.句子中断过多,语言不顺畅导致需理解的时间太长。

5.语速过慢,词密度低,给定时间内表达的信息量较小。

6.信息表述不完整,对于独立口语而言仅有论点,缺乏足够的理由和细节支持;对于综合口语而言遗漏重要信息、有严重的理解错误或张冠李戴。

不同分数评语含义

Speaking Skills口语技能

Speaking about familiar topics谈论日常话题Task 1,2

Speaking about campus situations谈论校园情景Task 3,5

Speaking about academic course content谈论学术内容Task 4,6

Day 1

★★★★★★★

Cell phone:advantages and disadvantages

Television:advantages and disadvantages

Cell phone:necessity or not

Cell phones in classrooms

Communication via e-mail vs.face-to-face communication

Technological impact on readinghabit

Paper book vs.audio book

Modern way of shopping vs.traditional way of shopping

Advertisement for junk food

Computer games

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

E-mail vs.telephone

Online information vs.printed information

Computer:advantages and disadvantages

Learning online vs.learning in classrooms

Watching news vs.reading news

Cell phone: advantages and disadvantages

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

手机的积极影响

• 沟通更方便

Communication is easier than ever

• 娱乐功能

Entertainment

手机的消极影响

• 使人们疏远

Create distance among people

• 侵犯隐私

Violate people’s privacy

20140412ML

List the advantages and disadvantages of using a cell phone.Explain your reasons.

答题参考

advantages

• 1.Communication becomes easier than ever

Before the invention of cell phone,people had to find a telephone booth and use an IC card.Now we can send text messages,and make phone calls or face time calls whenever we want.

• 2.Entertainment function

We use the camera on our phones to take selfies when we look pretty,play Tetris on our phones when waiting for someone and listen to music on our phones while walking or riding the bus.There are plenty of new ways to kill time now.

disadvantages

• 1.Create distance between people

Many people would rather scan their social network page than talk to the people sitting next to them.Many parents have to friend their children on Wechat in order to talk with them.

• 2.Violate people’s privacy

In some cases our cell phones can work as electronic dog chains for those who try to control us.Even if people come up with little white lies like“I didn’t hear it ring”or“I didn’t notice my phone had shut off”,they can still be globally positioned by those with ulterior purposes.

学习笔记

Television: advantages and disadvantages

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

电视的积极影响

• 传播信息、知识

Disseminate information and knowledge

• 娱乐功能

Entertainment

电视的消极影响

• 毒害青少年

Poison teenagers’minds

• 导致健康恶化

Major cause for health problems

20131207ML

What’s your opinion about the role TV plays in our lives?Do you think TV has in general improved or lowered our quality of life?Why?

答题参考

opinion reasons

• Has positive influence on our life

1.Still one of the most effective ways to disseminate information and knowledge.We can watch news programs or educational channels to stay updated.

2.Entertainment function

Watching television is a good way to take our minds off the stress at work or school.Also,if it weren’t for televisions,a lot of housewives would be bored out of their minds.

opinion reasons

• Has negative influence on our life

• 1.Poison teenagers’minds

Commercials for junk food mess with their judgment of what’s good for their health.Some programs also contain age-inappropriate image or violence.

• 2.Major cause for the health problems of city dwellers

The more time people spend sitting on the couc h like sacks of potatoes,the less time they get to spend engaging in physical exercise.The radiation from the screen is also harmful to their eyes.

学习笔记

Cell phone:necessity or not

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

喜欢随身携带

• 消磨时间的好方法

Good way to kill time

• 应急

Useful in the case of emergency

不随身携带

• 改善人际关系

Improve interpersonal relationships

• 私人空间

Personal space(especially for celebrities)

20140412ML

Some people consider their cell phone a life necessity and take it with them wherever they go.Others deliberately leave their phones at home from time to time.Which do you prefer and why?

答题参考

preference reasons

• Take my cell phone with me all the time

• 1.Good way to kill time

Every day I have a lot of time to kill,for instance when I’m on the bus or waiting for an elevator.

• 2.Useful in the case of emergency

Children should have cell phones so that they can reach their parents,in case of emergencies,for instance when they get mugged or hit by a car.

preference reasons

• Leave my cell phone from time to time

• 1.Improve interpersonal relationships

At some social gatherings,a lot of people would rather stare at their phones,scanning their virtual social network than talking to the people sitting next to them.

• 2.have more personal space

Sometimes a cell phone functions as an electronic dog chain. My mom can use it to check on me all the time.It’s suffocating to have no personal space and no privacy.

学习笔记Cell phones in classrooms

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

同意的可用理由

• 让人分心

Distracting both for oneself and for others

• 对教授不礼貌

Disrespectful to the professor

不同意的可用理由

• 有紧急情况时不方便

Cause inconvenience in case of emergencies

• 上课时手机没地方放

Nowhere to leave the phone when class begins

20130420ML

Do you think students should be allowed to bring cell phones into the classrooms?Why?

答题参考

opinion reasons

• Agree

• 1.Cell phones are distracting

If the students check their social network status or play games during class,they will miss important information in class.The ringtones and vibrations may also break other students’train of thoughts.

• 2.Disrespectful to professor

If a student answers a phone call during class and just starts chatting,it’s really rude and impolite because it indicates you don’t value the work of your professor nor care about anyone who’s sitting next to you.

opinion reasons

• Disagree

• 1.Inconvenient in case of emergencies

If an emergency happened at home and your parents want to reach you,they’d have to call somebody else to reach you.

• 2.Nowhere to leave the phone during classes

No cell phone in classrooms basically means students can’t bring their cell phones to school at all.Maybe it just takes a little bit of trust.Students can shut off their phones during classes.

学习笔记Communication via e-mail vs.face-to-face communication

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

发邮件

• 环保

Eco-friendly

• 方便

Convenient

当面问

• 更好理解

Better understanding

• 更及时

More time-efficient

20140118ML

When you need to communicate with a teacher,perhaps to ask a question,do you send an e-mail or ask the question in person?Why?

答题参考

preference reasons

• Send emails

• 1.Eco-friendly

Because I don’t have to go all the way to the teacher’s office I can reduce the amount of pollution caused by burning fuel.

• 2.Convenient

We may have to make an appointment first if we go to the teacher’s office.And after classes teachers are always in a hurry to the next class.So there’s hardly any chance.But with emails all we need to do is sit at home,type a few words and click send.

preference reasons

• Ask in person

• 1.Gain better understanding The language people use in emails is normally more formal than that in daily life.So it may end up triggering more questions.

• 2.More time-efficient Not everybody checks their email every day.And certainly not everyone replies their emails as soon as they receive them.This especially goes for teachers who are busy during the day.

学习笔记

Technological impact on reading habit

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

读书更多

• 更方便

Convenient

• 更多书籍渠道

More access to books

读书更少

• 不需要

No need

• 没时间

Less time

20140202ML

How do you think technology will affect people’s reading habits?

Explain with reasons.

答题参考

opinion reasons

• Read more

• 1.Convenient

Electronic products like the iPhone or iPad have made it increasingly convenient for us to read,whether we are on the subway or the toilet.

• 2.More access to books

Besides purchasing books in traditional book stores,people can also download e-books online.Maybe in the future people will be able to buy a single chip that contains the entire collection of human civilization.

opinion reasons

• Read less

• 1.No more need to

With so many read books‘intelligent’products being invented,there will be basically no need for us to read anymore,like the sound guide in the science-fiction animation Wall-E.

• 2.Less time

People’s time and attention are broken into pieces by those ‘chicken soup’articles on Wechat and funny video clips on the Internet.They will devote less time on long and boring books.

学习笔记

Paper book vs.audio book

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

选择有声读物的论点

• 环保Eco-friendly

• 省钱Economical

• 便携Portable

• 保护视力Protect your eyes

选择纸质书的论点

• 做笔记Take notes

• 更习惯More accustomed to

20131109ML

Some people like to read paper books,others like to listen to audio books.Which do you prefer?Why?

答题参考

preference reasons

• Audio books

• 1.Audio books are eco-friendly

To make paper books,a lot of trees have to be cut down.Trees contribute to a better environment.

• 2.Audio books are economical

A typical paper book costs around 30 Yuan.

Many audio books are free and accessible online

• 3.Audio books are easy to carry

Any electronic device can be used for audio books,like your mp3 player and your cell phone.They can fit in your pocket.

preference reasons

• Paper books

• 1.We can take notes on paper books

We can jot down our thoughts in the margins while reading or highlight a specific passage.

• 2.We are more accustomed to reading paper books

We are used to getting knowledge whih our eyes.Words on paper don’t disappear into the air like words uttered in an audio book.

学习笔记Modern way of shopping vs.traditional way of shopping

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

网上购物

• 更方便

More convenient

• 多样的选择范围

Extensive selection

实体店购物

• 试穿

Try Products like clothes on

• 不错的运动

Good exercise

20131012ML

Nowadays more and more people are shopping on e-commerce websites like Ebay or Taobao.Do you prefer to shop online or in the actual stores?Why?

答题参考

preference reasons

• Shop on the Internet

• 1.More convenient

We don’t have to waste time on the way to a store.All we need to do is browse a few webpages and add our selections to the‘cart’.

• 2.Extensive selection

Some exotic items aren’t always available in actual stores.We can buy goods from all over the world on the Internet.

preference reasons

• Shop in stores

• 1.We can try products like clothes on

Sometimes the clothes we order online aren’t the way we imagined them.If we go to actual stores we can try them on and see if the color suits complexion.

• 2.Walking is good exercise

Because of technology people spend too much time indoor.It’s beneficial to go walking to a store once in a while.

学习笔记Advertisement for junk food

话题

Object-food

思路拓展

同意的理由

• 广告内容失实

Ads send out biased message

• 小孩子缺少批判思维

Children lack critical thinking

不同意的理由

• 吃快餐是对快节奏都市生活的适应

Eating fast food is an adoptation to the fast-paced city life

• 最终决定权在家长手上

Decision lies in parents hands

20130630ML

Do you agree that advertisements for junk food shouldn’t be shown to children?Why?

答题参考

opinion reasons&details

• Agree

• 1.Advertisements send out biased message

They exaggerate how good the taste is and tout the supposed health benefits but overlook the negative effects.Some candies are tagged as containing vitamins but never mentioned the amount of sugar isnot mentioned those candies.

• 2.Children usually lack critical thinking ability.

Children want to buy whatever attracts them or whatever other children have.They don’t think about the bad consequences.That poses a dilemma for parents.

opinion reasons&details

• Disagree

• 1.Eating fast food is an adaptation to the fast-paced city life.

It’s much faster to pick up a burger for the kids than prepare a meal in the kitchen,especially for someone who is not good at cooking. Fast food saves parents the trouble of grocery shopping and

washing dishes.

• 2.Decision’s up to parents.

It’s the businessmen’s job to promote products.But the decision about buying them or not lies with the parents.It’s unrealistic to shut down all the candy factories.

学习笔记Computer games

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

玩游戏的好处

• 获得成就感

Gain a sense of accomplishment

• 释放压力

Release stress

玩游戏的坏处

• 影响学习

Affect school work in a negative way

• 不利健康

Harmful to health

• 包含暴力

Contain violence

20120706NA

List the advantages and disadvantages for young children to play computer games.Include specific reasons and details in your answer.

答题参考

advantages

• 1.Gain a sense of accomplishment

In role-playing games like the Super Mario,children get to play heroes and save the day.By upgrading to the next level and completing the tasks they get a sense of accomplishment.

• 2.Good way to release stress

High school students are often crammed with classes and homework.Playing games can help to take their minds off the stressful competition at school.

disadvantages

• 1.Affect school work in a negative way

Students may get addicted to the game and neglect their schoolwork.For instance my brother got addicted to the WOW and stayed up all night playing the game.

• 2.Harmful to health

The more time you spend sitting in front of the computer,the less time you spend doing exercise.Also,the radiation from the computer screen may cause myopia and it’s too much pressure on you spine to sit still for a long time.

学习笔记E-mail vs.telephone

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

选择电话的回答角度

• 感觉更私人

Feels more personal

• 得到即时回复

Get instant response

• 联系到更多人

Reach more people

选择邮件的回答角度

• 省钱

Economical

• 更灵活

More flexible

When you want to talk to your family members or friends,do you prefer to use the telephone or e-mail?Why?

答题参考

preference reasons

• Telephone

• 1.It feels more personal to call somebody on the phone

Most of the time we make phone calls to family or friends just for a chat,writing an e-mail would be too formal.Also we can hear their voice through the phone and therefore detect their emotions in their voices

• 2.Get instant response

People don’t check theire mail box every minute.

• 3.Reach more people

My grandparents don’t use computers,but everyone uses phones.

preference reasons

• E-mail

• 1.Economical

You don’t have to pay the phone bills.

• 2.More flexible

You can send emails to others whenever you want,no matter if it’s in late at night or during a meeting.It also emailing gives you more time to think about what you want to say.

学习笔记Online information vs.printed information

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

从网上获取信息

• 更方便

More convenient

• 更环保

More eco-friendly

• 信息量更大

Massive amount of information

从出版物获取信息

• 可信度更高

More reliable

• 方便做笔记

Easier to take notes on papers

When people get stumped,some search the Internet looking for solutions,others go to the library and find the answer in books. Which do you think is better?Why?

答题参考

preference reasons

• From the Internet

• 1.More convenient

We won’t have to go to the library and check out the books. With the internet connection and a laptop,all we need is to type the keywords to the search box and press enter.

• 2.More eco-friendly

We can save a bunch of trees that are used to make papers.

preference reasons

• From printed material

• 1.Information provided in printed material is normally more reliable

They get proofread thoroughly before publication.But anyone can post on the internet.

• 2.Easier to take notes on paper

When using printed material we can highlight or underline the parts of the book we think art important.

学习笔记

Computer: advantages and disadvantages

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

电脑的积极影响

• 提高工作效率

Improve work efficiency

• 让生活更加便利

Make life more convenient

电脑的消极影响

• 让青少年分心或上瘾

Distraction and possible addiction for teens

• 导致健康恶化

Major cause for health problems

How do you think computers have changed people’s life?Include specific details.

答题参考

opinion reasons

• Computers have positive influence on people’s life

• 1.Improve work efficiency

Computers free us from trivial and repetitive work.For example,using Microsoft Word to process documents,we don’t have to check for spelling and grammar mistakes ourselves anymore.

• 2.Make life more convenient

Together with the Internet,computers enable us to achieve basically everything without walking out the door.We can socialize online,shop online,study online and even work online.

opinion reasons

• Computers have brought problems

• 1.Distraction and possible addiction for teens

Computers are the biggest distraction from important things in life,like a student’s schoolwork and their personal growth.

• 2.Major cause for health problems

People over-rely on computers and spend too much time indoor now.Some become overweight because of their lack of exercise,others have problems with their neck,back or spine.

学习笔记

Learning online vs.learning in classrooms

话题

Object-technology

思路拓展

上网课

• 更方便

More convenient

• 时间更灵活

More flexible schedule

去教室上

• 教室里的氛围

Atmosphere in the classroom

• 和同学讨论

试读结束[说明:试读内容隐藏了图片]

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