作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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电子科技大学357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Part One Vocabulary [60 min] (1×30=30 points)
Section A English To Chinese [30 min]
Translate the following English terms into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.
1．Hi-Fi systems【答案】组合音响
2．people’s jury【答案】人民陪审团
3．artificial turf【答案】人造草皮
4．epistemic holism【答案】认识整体论
5．round-the-clock service【答案】通宵服务
6．APEC【答案】亚太经济合作
7．synchronous transmission【答案】同步传输
8．tax evasion and tax dodging【答案】偷税漏税
9．diplomatic shuttle【答案】穿梭外交
10．intangible asset【答案】无形的资产
11．brain drain【答案】人才外流
12．fiber-optic telecommunication【答案】光纤通信
13．treasury bond【答案】国库债
14．Achilles’ heel【答案】致命的弱点
15．national integrity【答案】民族气节
Section B Chinese to English [30 min]
Translate the following Chinese terms into English. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.
1．精神污染【答案】ideological and moral pollution
2．万维网【答案】world wide web (www)
3．水上芭蕾【答案】figure swimming/water ballet
4．问题小说【答案】novel about social issues
5．物价上涨指数【答案】index of price rises/increases
6．货到付款【答案】cash on delivery (COD)
7．保健食品【答案】Health Food/health-care food
8．喜糖【答案】wedding candies
9．红头文件【答案】official documents/red-head documents
10．差额选举【答案】a competitive election/multi-candidate election/a contested election
11．按揭贷款【答案】mortgage loan
12．知识产权【答案】intellectual property/ rights
13．自由撰稿人【答案】a freelance writer/freelancer
14．温室效应【答案】a greenhouse effect
15．国际惯例【答案】international practice/international usage
Part Two Text [120 min](2x60=120 points)
Section A English to Chinese
Translate the following English text into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.
What is Philosophy?
By Bertrand Russell
Philosophy, as I shall understand the word, is something intermediate between theology and science. Like theology, it consists of speculations on matters as to which definite knowledge has, so far, been unascertainable; but like science, it appeals to human reason rather than to authority, whether that of tradition or that of revelation. All definite knowledge-so I should contend-belongs to science; all dogma as to what surpasses definite knowledge belongs to theology. But between theology and science there is a No Man’s Land, exposed to attack from both sides; this No Man’s Land is philosophy. Almost all the questions of most interest to speculative minds are such as science cannot answer, and the confident answers of theologians no longer seem so convincing as they did in former centuries. Is the world divided into mind and matter, and, if so, what is mind and what is matter? Is mind subject to matter, or is it possessed of independent powers? Has the universe any unity or purpose? Is it evolving towards some goal? Are there really laws of nature, or do we believe in them only because of our innate love of order? Is man what he seems to the astronomer, a tiny lump of impure carbon and water impotently crawling on a small and unimportant planet? Or is he what he appears to Hamlet? Is he perhaps both at once? Is there a way of living that is noble and another that is base, or are all ways of living merely futile? If there is a way of living that is noble, in what does it consist, and how shall we achieve it? Must the good be eternal in order to deserve to be valued, or is it worth seeking even if the universe is inexorably moving towards death? Is there such a thing as wisdom, or is what seems such merely the ultimate refinement of folly? To such questions no answer can be found in the laboratory. Theologies have professed to give answers, all too definite; but their very definiteness causes modern minds to view them with suspicion. The studying of these questions, if not the answering of them, is the business of philosophy.【参考译文】
哲学是什么?
波特兰·罗素
哲学，就我对这个词的理解来说，乃是某种介乎神学与科学之间的东西。它和神学一样，包含着人类对于那些迄今仍为确切的知识所不能肯定的事物的思考；但是它又像科学一样是诉之于人类的理性而不是诉之于权威的，不管是传统的权威还是启示的权威。一切确切的知识——我是这样主张的——都属于科学；一切涉及超乎确切知识之外的教条都属于神学。但是介乎神学与科学之间还有一片受到双方攻击的无人之域；这片无人之域就是哲学。思辨的心灵所最感到兴趣的一切问题，几乎都是科学所不能回答的问题；而神学家们的信心百倍的答案，也已不再像它们在过去的世纪里那么令人信服了。世界是分为心和物吗？如果是这样，那么心是什么？物又是什么？心是从属于物的吗？还是它具有独立的能力呢？宇宙有没有任何的统一性或者目的呢？它是不是朝着某一个目标演进的呢？究竟有没有自然律呢？还是我们信仰自然律仅仅是出于我们爱好秩序的天性呢？人是不是天文学家所看到的那种样子，是由不纯粹的碳和水化合成的一块微小的东西，无能地在一个渺小而又不重要的行星上爬行着呢？还是他是哈姆雷特所看到的那种样子呢？也许他同时是两者吗？有没有一种生活方式是高贵的，而另一种是卑贱的呢？还是一切的生活方式全属虚幻无谓呢？假如有一种生活方式是高贵的，它所包含的内容又是什么？我们又如何能够实现它呢？善，为了能够值得受人尊重，就必须是永恒的吗？或者说，哪怕宇宙是坚定不移地趋向于死亡，它也还是值得加以追求的吗？究竟有没有智慧这样一种东西，还是看来仿佛是智慧的东西，仅仅是极精炼的愚蠢呢？对于这些问题，在实验室里是找不到答案的。各派神学都曾宣称能够做出极其确切的答案，但正是他们的这种确切性才使近代人满腹狐疑地去观察他们。对于这些问题的研究——如果不是对于它们的解答的话——就是哲学的业务了。
Section B Chinese to English
Translate the following Chinese text into English. Write your translation on Answer Sheet
互助
王蒙著
I君跻身文坛，盖有年矣，但总是红不起来，颇感寂寞。于是，他找到了各种关系，以盛宴重礼把著名的评论家J君招待了一次。J君有感于其情之盛，慨然允诺说：“现在他们对你太冷落了，就是不公平！我一定要写一篇推荐你的作品的文章，登到大报上，你的作品的优点是……”
I君不等J君说完，慌忙摆手摇头，他说：“千万不必!千万不必!我只乞求您写一篇义正词严的文章把我批一个狗血淋头！积数年之经验，我深知凡被您批了的，都可以风行全国，名震环球!而您也可以获得另一方面的美誉和利益，那才叫相反相成，相得益彰!”(246 words)【参考译文】
Mutual Help
By Wang Meng
It has been several years since Mr. I had climbed up in the literary world, but he was still not very popular. Through various connections, he managed to meet the famous critic Mr. J and invite him to a sumptuous banquet. “They neglect you unfairly,” said Mr. J, moved by Mr. I’s hospitality. “I will write a laudatory essay and publish it in an influential newspaper. Your work is characterized by...”
But before Mr. J could finish, Mr. I shook his head and said, “Please do not compliment my work. I implore you to write an article denouncing me. According to my observations over the past dozens of years, the works that you criticize become popular both at home and abroad. You, in turn, build your reputation and earn a nice income. That’s what we call mutual help; we opposite and complementary and reinforce each other.”
2012年电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Part One Vocabulary [60 min] (1×30=30 points)
Section A English To Chinese [30 min]
Translate the following English terms into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.
1．cultural identity【答案】文化身份
2．globalization【答案】全球地方化
3．familiar stranger【答案】熟悉的陌生人
4．TOEFL【答案】托福考试
5．domestication【答案】归化
6．parataxis【答案】意合
7．functional equivalence【答案】功能对等
8．translatology【答案】翻译学
9．post colonialism【答案】后殖民主义
10．schema theory【答案】图式理论
11．encoding and decoding【答案】编码和解码
12．articulation, de-articulation and re-articulation【答案】接合，解接合和再接合
13．brain drain【答案】人才外流
14．double win【答案】双赢
15．non-tariff barrier【答案】非关税壁垒
Section B Chinese to English [30 min]
Translate the following Chinese terms into English. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.
1．红娘【答案】go between/match maker
2．情商【答案】emotion quotient
3．第一手材料【答案】first hand material
4．第二语言习得【答案】second language acquisition
5．文化休克【答案】culture shock
6．网上冲浪【答案】internet surfing
7．经济大萧条【答案】Great Depression
8．目的语【答案】target language
9．地球村【答案】global village
10．消费青春【答案】kill the youth
11．亚文化抵抗【答案】subculture resistance
12．汉式英语【答案】chinglish
13．合资企业【答案】joint venture
14．双边贸易【答案】bilateral trade
15．文化移情【答案】cultural empathy
Part Two Text [120 min](2×60=120 points)
Section A English to Chinese
Translate the following English text into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.
Cultural Studies and Post Marxism
By Jeremy Valentine
The nature of the relation between cultural studies and post-Marxism is suggested by Stuart Hall s claim that cultural studies has never been submerged within Marxism but remains “within shouting distance of it. If that is the case, then it is important to bear in mind that the Marxism which cultural studies shouts at is not a stable and unified object which could simply be applied to the study of culture. This caution is especially relevant as Marxism is a critical materialist analysis which takes social change as its object, and which is therefore formed by and within social change. Materialism means there is simply nothing more than the material world. Marxism is materialist because the accounts of social formations it develops are rooted in the principle that the social world is produced, and that production is socially organized. Marxism is critical because its materialist assumptions undermine the view that social formations are natural or given by a god. This critical approach is also aimed at Marxism itself. “Post-Marxism” is simply a term with which to categorize this process. The term is needed in order to differentiate a critical materialist approach from a dogmatic approach which tends to regard Marxism as canonical.
There is not sufficient space to examine the various components of post-Marxism, or to demonstrate the different ways in which these are derived from the writings of Marx and Engles. Instead, this chapter will focus on a direction within post-Marxism which is within shouting distance, as Hall puts it, of cultural studies. In doing so, it will take the distinguishing characteristic of cultural studies to be its engagement with a post-Marxian approach which emphasizes the analysis of the relations between culture and politics with determinate historical conditions ultimately derived from capitalism. (299 words)【参考译文】
文化研究与后马克思主义
杰里米·瓦伦丁
文化研究与后马克思主义之间关系的本质在斯图亚特·霍尔声称所表明的看米，文化研究从米都没有淹没在马克思主义的泥沼中，但是它仍然“在向马克思主义开炮的同时和它保持一定的距离”。如果是那样的话，那么重要的、牢记在心的是文化研究炮轰的马克思主义就不是一个稳定的、统一能被简单的应用到文化的研究中的对象了，这种警惕尤为重要。因为马克思主义是一种批评的唯物主义分析方式，它把社会的变化看成是它的对象。同时，由此它由社会变化形成，井在社会变化中形成。唯物主义意味着单单只存在种物质世界。马克思主义是一种唯物主义思想，因为它发展起来的社会形构叙述根植在社会世界所产生的原理之中，在社会中生产组织起来。马克思是一种批评的思想，因为其唯物主义的假设破坏了社会形构是天然的或被上帝所赋予的观点。这种批评方法也直指马克思主义率身。“后马克思土义”仅仅是个对这个过程进行分类的术语。为了把那种试图视马克思主义为经典教条的方法与一种批评的唯物主义的方法区分开米，这个术语是必要的。
我们没有足够的空间去考察后马克思主义各种不同的要素，或者去展示这些来自于马克思和恩格斯作品中不同的方法。取而代之，本章将聚焦后马克思主义中的一个领域．如霍尔指出的：这是一个在向马克思主义开炮的同时并和它保持一定距离的领域。为了完成这项工作，需要把文化研究与众不同的特征看成是一种与之关切到的后马克思主义的分析方法，最终来自资本主义的决定历史条件中文化与政治之间种关系的分析。
Section B Chinese to English
Translate the following Chinese text into English. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.
时间即生命
梁实秋著
最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因为时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。如果现在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能积极不懈的善于利用他的时间。(200 words)【参考译文】
Time Is Life
By Liang Shiqiu
It is most startling to hear a watch or lock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating the shortening of one’ s life by a little hit. Likewise, with each page torn off the wall calendar, one’s life is shortened by another day. Time, therefore, is life. Nevertheless, few people treasure their time as much as their life. Time must not be wasted if you want to do your bit in your remaining years or acquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and help others, so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful All that is foolproof, yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]