作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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武汉大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2002年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解
Part I Reading Comprehension（30%）
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous disease. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women and children on the roads Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made for more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three YEARS or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws （where they exist）should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings not for motor-cars.
1．The main idea of this passage is ______.
A. traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists
B. thousands of people the world over are killed each year
C. the laws of some countries about driving are too lax
D. only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents
2．What does the author think of society toward motorists?
A. Society criticizes the motorists severely.
B. Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
C. Society overlooks their rude driving.
D. Victims of accidents are nothing.
3．Why does the author say: “his car becomes the extension of his personality”?
A. Driving can show his real self.
B. Driving can show the other part of his personality.
C. Driving can bring out his character.
D. His car embodies his temper.
4．Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?
A. Build more highways.
B. Stricter driving tests.
C. Test drivers every three years.
D. Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
5．The attitude of the author is ______.
A. ironical
B. critical
C. appealing
D. militant【答案与解析】
1．D 全文主要讲述交通事故频频发生，而且一些国家的法律极为松弛，要想减少无谓的伤亡，必须制定法规，文章指出it is high time a world code were created，所以D项符合文意。
2．C 第二段第一句提到society smiles so gently on the motorist，并没有对他们粗鲁的行为表示批评并且seems to forgive his convenience，C项正确。
3．A 由第一段内容可知，司机在开车时将一切隐藏的情绪都发泄了出来，与平时判若两人，即驾车可以表现真实的自我，A项最为概括。
4．A 第二段中，The driving test should be made far more difficult than it is表明B项，all the drivers should be made to take a test every three是C项提到的措施，D项“提高年龄限制和制定安全法规”在文中可以找出相应内容。A项文中没有提到。
5．B 根据第二段第一句中的surprising和后面作者连用六个should…，可见作者认为现行的交通法则太松，对此持反对、批评的态度，因此B项正确。ironical讽刺的。appealing恳求的。militant好战的。【题海拾贝】
1．expectation of life 平均余年(某一年龄的人尚可期望活的平均年数,可由统计资料显示)
2．marvelous 不可思议的；惊奇的；奇妙的
It’s marvelous how he’s manages to climb that far.他怎么爬得那么远，真不可思议。
3．immunize 使免除；使免疫
Vaccination immunizes one against smallpox.接种牛痘能使人免患天花。
4．desecrate 亵渎（圣物或圣地）
desecrate a grave, chapel, monument 亵渎坟墓、小教堂、纪念碑
5．slaughter 屠杀，杀戮
the slaughter on the roads 路上车祸造成的多人死亡
6．lax 不严格的；马虎的
The police were lax in enforcing the law. 警察执法不严。
7．impair 削弱，减少；损害，损伤
The output of produce was impaired by the cold weather. 农产品由于气候寒冷而减产。
The accident impaired his vision. 事故损伤了他的视力。
8．inordinate 极度的；非常的
He has an inordinate thirst. 他极感口渴。
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere—for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere gases—the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the hem-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase, in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the mount of solar energy reaching the Earth’ surface.
The level of carbon dioxide, CO, in the atmosphere has 2important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earth’s incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the 2received energy as a long-wavelength radiation, which CO absorbs 2and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO, whose 2surface temperatures have been measured at 430℃. If the CO.content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. 2According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO 2concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO concentration would lead only to a reduction 2in global temperatures of 3℃.
If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be 2produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO, would probably increase. As a consequence, plants 2would use more and more CO. Eventually CO levels would diminish 22and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; COwould thereby be returned 2 to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO present in the atmosphere, with regular 2temperature increases and decreases of a set magnitude.
Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of COin the atmosphere and has caused a global 2 temperature rise of at least 1℃. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1℃ may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decreases that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations.
6．The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?
A. Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so inaccurate?
B. What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO 2absorbs long-wavelength radiation?
C. How might our understanding of the greenhouse effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased?
D. What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the amount of CO in the atmosphere?2
7．The author is primarily concentrated on ______.
A. explaining the effects that the burning of fossil fuels might have on climate
B. illustrating the effects of CO on atmospheric radiation2
C. discussing effects that changes in the CO level in the 2atmosphere might have on climate
D. challenging hypotheses about the effects of water vapor and CO on climate2
8．The passage suggests that a large decrease in the amount of CO in the atmosphere would result in ______.2
A. at least a slight decrease in global temperatures
B. at the most a slight increases in short-wavelength radiation reaching the earth
C. a slight long-term increase in global temperatures
D. a slight short-term increase in global temperatures
9．The author refers to the Venus primarily in order to ______.
A. show the inherent weakness of the greenhouse effect theory
B. show that the greenhouse effect works on other planets but not on the earth
C. show the extent to which Earth’s atmosphere differs from that of the Venus
D. support the argument that the CO level in the atmosphere has 2a significant effect on climate
10．The passage suggests that if there were a slight global warming at the present time, it would be ______.
A. easy to measure the exact increase in temperature because of the abundances of temperature recording stations throughout the world
B. difficult to prove that the warming was caused by the burning of fossil fuels
C. easy to demonstrate the effects of the warming on the water vapor in the atmosphere
D. difficult to measure the increase of COin the atmosphere 2 because of local variations in amount【答案与解析】
6．D 第三段和第四段提出了大气中CO含量增加或减少的原2因：an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity，the burning of fossil fuels（一些气象学家的观点），plants would use more and more CO，2因此D项正确。
7．C 文章开篇就提到了地球上大气的成分微妙地影响着气候条件，第二段段首又提到空气中CO的含量has important effect on 2climatic change，下文则举例说明CO的含量是如何影响气候变化的，2因此C项正确。
8．A According to one respectable theory…global temperatures of 3℃，在此作者介绍了两种理论：第一，如果大气中的CO减半，2地球会完全被冰所覆盖；第二，如果大气中CO的含量减半，全球气2温会下降三摄氏度。因此，气温至少会有小幅的下降。
9．D 由The level of carbon dioxide, CO, in the atmosphere has 2important effect on climatic change，可知大气中CO的含量会对气候2造成重大影响。然后作者以金星为例说明，金星被由CO形成的厚云2覆盖，表面温度达到430℃，但如果CO含量下降，温度也随之降低，2为论点提供了依据。
10．B 最后一段作者认为即使全球温度真的上升了1℃，事实上可能只是在设有很多气象站的区域，并且是由shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation造成的，而其他区域的温度正好下降了差不多的度数。很难判断全球 温度的增加是由于化石燃料的燃烧造成的。【题海拾贝】
1．water vapor 水蒸气
2．short-wavelength radiation 短波辐射
3．oscillate 上下波动
The bank rate oscillated between 2.5 % and 6.5 %.银行利率在2.5 % and 6.5 %之间波动。
4．meteorological 气象学的，气象的
weather forecasts from the Central Meteorological Office中央气象局发布的天气预报
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student of lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who has been presented with science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course—simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populated it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.
11．According to the passage, “scientific subculture” means ______.
A. cultural groups that are formed by scientists
B. people whose knowledge of science is very limited
C. the scientific community
D. people who make good contribution to science
12．We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ______.
A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate science
B. science affects almost every aspect of our life
C. scientists live in a specific substructure
D. it is easier to understand general characteristics of science
13．The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.
A. long for deeper understanding of science
B. are good at producing various gadgets
C. work in a storehouse of dried facts
D. are interested in popular science
14．According to this passage, ______.
A. English is a sexist language
B. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly
C. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language
D. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists
15．This passage most probably is ______.
A. a book review
B. the preface of a book
C. the post script of a book
D. the concluding part of a book【答案与解析】
11．C 第一段表明受教育的人should have an understanding of the subculture，应该熟悉科学家所处的亚文化群体（subculture）以及他们是什么样的人。可得知亚文化群体即科学界。
12．B 第一段讲到科学涉及到我们生活的方方面面，受教育的人need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation，据此可直接得出答案。
13．A 第二段This book is written for…as some sort of magician一句，指出此书为四种人而写，这四种人对科学的认识或浮浅或不正确，他们对科学的认识有待加深，所以A项最符合。其余三项均不正确。
14．D 第三段内容指出在谈论这些改变和妇女对科学界的贡献时，我们使用的是歧视性语言―one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals，为了消除这种固有的偏见，我们在可能和必要时用plural nouns and pronouns to alternate he and she。
15．B 第二段首的This book is written for…指出此书为四种人而写，指明了该书的读者群；三，四段首又分别列举了该书要达到的目的：present in this book…who populated it以及make the book entertaining as well as informative，可以推断这是一本书的前言。【题海拾贝】
1．lay person=layman （尤指不谙法律，医学等专业的）门外汉，外行
Doctors often confuse laypersons with their jargon.
医师常用专业术语把门外汉弄个稀里糊涂。
2．musty 霉的，发霉的；有霉味的，霉烂而潮湿的
a kitchen smell damp and musty散发出潮气和霉味的厨房
3．sexist 主张（尤指对女性的）性别歧视者；性别主义者的，性别歧视者的
a sexist society 性别歧视的社会
4．offset 补偿；抵消
The gains offset the losses.得失相当。
5．built-in 内在的，固有的，生来的
a built-in fear/danger 潜在的恐惧/危险
a built-in sense of humor 天生的幽默感
6．pastime 消遣，娱乐
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
Next to Sir Andrew in the club-room sits Captain Sentry, a gentleman of great courage, good understanding, but invincible modesty. He is one of those that deserve very well, but are very awkward at putting their talents within the observation of such as should take notice of them. He was some years a captain, and behaved himself with great gallantry in several engagements and at several sieges; but having a small estate of his own, and being next heir to Sir Roger, he has quitted a way of life in which no man can rise suitably to his merit, who is not something of a courtier as well as a soldier. I have heard him often lament that in a profession where merit is placed in so conspicuous a view, impudence should get the better of modesty. When he had talked to this purpose; I never heard him make a sour expression, but frankly confess that he left the world because he was not fit for it. A strict honesty, and an even regular behavior, are in themselves obstacles to him that must press through crowds, who endeavour at the same end with himself, the favor of a commander. He will, however, in his way of talk excuse generals for not disposing according to men’s desert, or inquiring into it; for, says he, that the great man who has a mind to help me, has as many, to break through to come at me, as I have to come at him: therefore he will conclude that the man who would make a figure, especially in a military way, must get over all false modesty, and assist his patron against the importunity of other pretenders, by a proper assurance in his own vindication. He says it is a civil cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ought to expect, as it is a military fear to be slow in attacking when it is your duty. With this candour does the gentleman speak of himself and others. The same frankness runs through all his conversation. The military part of his life has furnished him with many adventures, in the relation of which he is very agreeable to the company; for he is never overbearing, though accustomed to command men in the utmost degree below him; nor ever too obsequious, from a habit of obeying men highly above him.
16．Captain Sentry, in this passage, demonstrates that he is noteworthy because of his ______.
A. domineering quality
B. modesty
C. honesty
D. frankness
17．Advancement in the army is often given to the person who ______.
A. calls attention to himself
B. performs valiantly on the battlefield
C. is obsequious
D. is a civil coward
18．Captain Sentry retired to the country because he was ______.
A. bitter about his rank
B. Sir Roger’s heir
C. too modest to be noticed by his superiors
D. accustomed to obeying people above him
19．“Candour” means ______.
A. frankness
B. obsequious
C. optimism
D. sarcasm
20．In describing Captain Sentry’s failure to advance the author is ______.
A. factual
B. obsequious
C. sarcastic
D. gallant
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]