作者：全国职称英语考试命题研究中心
出版社：人民邮电出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷(理工类)试读：
前言
全国专业技术人员职称外语等级统一考试是由人力资源和社会保障部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。考试遵循“严格要求、实事求是、公平公正、平等对待、逐步提高”的原则，根据外语在不同专业领域活动中的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和使用外语的实际情况，对申报不同级别专业技术职务的人员的外语水平提出了不同的要求。
职称外语统一考试由人力资源和社会保障部统筹规划、指导并确定合格标准。考试的考务工作的组织与实施由人力资源和社会保障部人事考试中心负责。考试每年举行一次，考试时间一般安排在每年3月中旬。考试设英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语和西班牙语6个语种，每个语种分为A、 B、C三个等级。其中，英语划分为综合类、理工类、卫生类3个专业类别。其他语种不分专业类别。考试主要测试专业技术人员阅读理解外文专业基础文献的能力。报考人员可根据自己所从事的专业工作，任选一个语种及有关类别参加考试。
为了更好地帮助考生复习，赢取高分，我们分析了近几年考题中的考点、难点、重点及命题思路，倾力推出《职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷（理工类）》。本书由2010年、2011年、2012年和2013年的A级、B级和C级12套考试真题试卷以及A级、B级和C级6套全真模拟试卷组成。
本套丛书特点如下：
一、一线专家教授倾力合作，作者阵容强大，内容权威
本书由来自北京大学、清华大学和中国人民大学的命题研究专家，以及一线辅导教师共同编写而成。其中涉及的每一道试题，既反映了考试大纲对考生基础知识、能力和水平的要求，又蕴涵着命题的指导思想、命题基本原则和命题趋势。因此，对照考试大纲分析、研究这些试题，考生不仅可以了解职称英语考试的全貌，而且可以方便地了解有关试题和信息，从中发现规律，归纳出各部分内容的重点、难点，精通常考的题型，进一步把握考试的特点及命题的思路和规律，从而轻松应考，轻取高分。
二、再现近4年真题，全面展现题型特点、热点
职称英语考试历年考试真题是具有代表性的经典复习题目，因此，研习历年考试真题是考生复习备考中必不可少的关键环节，也是考生掌握考试动态，赢得高分的最佳捷径。本书收录了近4年的考试真题，详解命题规律，诠释高频考点、热点、难点，帮助考生有针对性地复习，从而提升应试能力。
三、注重实际操作演练，全程预测，系统预测
本书提供了6套全真模拟试题，全面收录考试热点，预测了2014年考试的方向，涵盖了近年考试的热点。每套试卷都有详细的答案和解析，考生可以利用本书中的模拟试卷进行考前模拟实战训练，检验自己的复习成果，及时进行查缺补漏。
由于时间有限，疏漏之处在所难免，还望广大考生和读者批评指正。编者
2013年职称英语等级考试真题（理工类C级）
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）：
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.
A. seized
B. threw
C. broke
D. stretched
2. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.
A. border
B. goal
C. peak
D. level
3. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. right
B. obvious
C. unbelievable
D. unclear
4. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.
A. bring
B. separate
C. put
D. set
5. We found shelter from the rain under the trees.
A. defense
B. standing
C. protection
D. room
6. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.
A. open
B. cruel
C. sudden
D. direct
7. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A. worried
B. sleepy
C. offensive
D. anxious
8. We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.
A. sight
B. belief
C. interest
D. pressure
9. The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.
A. real
B. whole
C. strange
D. same
10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A. taught
B. kept
C. attracted
D. changed
11. That performance was pretty impressive.
A. completely
B. very
C. beautifully
D. equally
12. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.
A. bottom
B. surface
C. top
D. structure
13. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A. passed by
B. took a notice of
C. woke up
D. found by chance
14. "There is no other choice," she said in a harsh voice.
A. firm
B. soft
C. deep
D. unkind
15. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A. about
B. at
C. with
D. from
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补 ) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲 ) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形 ). "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl (爬行 ) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the oparation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.
16. Choset began to build robots in high school.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）：
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Ecosystem
1、The word "ecosystem" is short for ecological (生态的 ) system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms (生物 ) such as plants, animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes, we are all members of an ecosystem!
2、There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest. Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation (兴居 ) between living and non-living things in a monitored environment, such as a zoo or garden.
3、Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow, the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals, microorganisms (微生物 ) and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function, and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.
4、Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things. We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist, we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species (物种 ), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.
5、To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat (栖息地 ) of plants and animals, and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement (搬迁 ): imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse, overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.
23. Paragraph 2 ______.
24. Paragraph 3 ______.
25. Paragraph 4 ______.
26. Paragraph 5 ______.
A. What can we do to help protect ecosystems?
B. What are different types of ecosystems?
C. What is an ecosystem?
D. What destroys ecosystems?
E. How does an ecosystem work?
F. Why are ecosystems important?
27. In an ecosystem, plants, animals and humans live together in ______.
28. Plants are essential in an ecosystem because to other living creatures they are ______.
29. Plants, animals and humans are all effective in ______.
30. To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than ______.
A. our share of resources
B. a biological creature
C. a given area
D. the maintenance of the ecosystem
E.thesourceoffood
F.variousspecies
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第1篇 Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production; the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租 赁 ), both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.
In 2000, 32 percent of US oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize (许可 ) rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal (地热 ) resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours (千瓦时 ) of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower (水电 ) facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced, or mineral production may be banned altogether.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
B. Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.
C. Public lands play an important role in energy production.
D. Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.
32. Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?
A. Half of US energy is produced there.
B. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
C. Most energy resources are reserved there.
D. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
33. Geothermal resources,wind turbines,and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that
A. alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.
B. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.
C. geothermal resources are more important than the other two.
D. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.
34. There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because
A. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.
B. the U.S. is demanding more and more energy.
C. quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.
D. many Americans think public lands are being abused.
35. Public lands can be used for energy development when
A. they go through the land use planning process.
B. energy development restrictions are effective.
C. federal land managers grant permissions.
D. there is enough federal budget.第2篇 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach
Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world; they're affected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who've just eaten.
Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens.
Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-1evel thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.
For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.
Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says. "This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs." Radel says.
36. "Poorer children" and "hungry people" are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show
A. humans' senses are influenced by what's going on in their heads.
B. they have sharper senses than others.
C. they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger.
D. humans' senses are affected by what they see with their eyes.
37. There was a delay in Radel's experiment because
A. he needed more students to join.
B. he didn't prepare enough food for the 42 students.
C. he wanted two groups of participants, hungry and non-hungry.
D. he didn't want to have the experiment at noon.
38. Why did the 80 words flash so fast and at so small a size on the screen?
A. To ensure the participant was unable to perceive anything.
B. To guarantee each word came out at the same speed and size.
C. To shorten the time of the experiment.
D. To make sure the participant had no time to think consciously.
39. Radel's experiment discovered that hungry people
A. were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.
B. were better at identifying neutral words.
C. were always thinking of food-related words.
D. saw every word more clearly than stomach-full people.
40. It can be learnt from what Radel says that
A. humans' thinking processes are independent of their senses.
B. an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.
C. humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes.
D. 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.第3篇 The Development of Ballet
Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.
Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.
It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.
Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.
41. This passage deals mainly with
A. famous names in ballet.
B. how ballet has developed.
C.Russianballet.
D.whyballetisnolongerpopular.
42. The word "pageants" in Paragraph 2 means
A. big shows.
B. dances.
C. instructions.
D. royal courts.
43. Professional ballet was first performed in
A. France.
B. Italy.
C. Russia.
D. America.
44. Who had an important influence on early ballet?
A. Balanchine.
B. Antoinette.
C. Diaghilev.
D. Louis XIV.
45. We can conclude from this passage that ballet
A.is a dying art.
B.will continue to change.
C.is currently performed only in Russia.
D.is often performed by dancers with little training
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。A Doctor in the House
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish，it will make the rest of your body healthy too. 46 It is one of many gadgets (小装置 ) proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York ―others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory，and a home camera designed to check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful，but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. 47 In the long run，the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages (绷带 ) are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics (抗生素 ) would work best.48
Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer (溃疡 ) is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications，but the biggest single development is a melanoma (黑瘤 ) monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. 49 If a problem is found，the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.
lf all this sounds troublesome，then help is at hand. 50 A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]