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浙江师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年浙江师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30%, 1.5 points each)
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1．These small firms _____ not long ago in order to meet the increasing demands for more electrical appliances.
A. clustered
B. assembled
C. linked
D. amalgamated【答案】D【解析】句意：为了应对电子设备需求的增长，这些小公司前不久实现了合并。选项中四个单词均有“聚集、合拢”的意思，但侧重点不同。（机构、公司）amalgamate合并。cluster（人）聚集。assemble集合；组装。link联系。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
2．My aunt has decided to spend her _____ years in the suburbs of Shanghai.
A. diminishing
B. declining
C. reducing
D. dwindling【答案】B【解析】句意：我的阿姨决定在上海的郊区安度她的晚年。本题考查惯用搭配。选项中四个单词均有“下降、减少”的意思，但只有declining years为惯用搭配，意为“晚年”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
3．The matter is not to be _____.
A. watched for
B. waited on
C. taken over
D. trifled with【答案】D【解析】句意：这件事不容忽略。trifle with玩忽；怠慢。watch for密切关注。wait on等待；观望。take over接手管理。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
4．At the immortal touch of thy hands my little heart loses its limits in joy and gives birth to utterance _____.
A. touchable
B. irresistible
C. marvelous
D. ineffable【答案】D【解析】句意：在你双手的不朽的按抚下，我的小小的心，消融在无边快乐之中，发出不可言说的词调。ineffable难以形容的；妙不可言的。touchable可接触的。irresistible无法抗拒的，诱惑人的。marvelous不可思议的；引起惊异的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
5．From the _____ of the negotiations, it was clear that it would be hard for the two sides to reach an agreement.
A. outbreak
B. outlook
C. outset
D. onset【答案】D【解析】句意：从谈判一开始的情况来看，很明显，双方很难达成共识。onset开始，开端（尤指不愉快事情的开端）。outbreak爆发。outlook前景；观点。outset开始，一般用在词组at the outset和from the outset中，意为“一开始”。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
6．_____ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been
B. White has been as unpopular
C. Unpopular has been as white
D. Unpopular as white has been【答案】D【解析】句意：尽管过去白色婚纱不受欢迎，但是现在它却是人们最偏爱的选择。as引导让步状语从句时，形容词放置在句首时，从句要部分倒装，形式是“形容词+as+主语+动词”。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
7．As the train will not leave until one hour later, we _____ grab a bite at the snack bar.
A. may well
B. just as well
C. might as well
D. as well【答案】C【解析】句意：既然火车要到一个小时以后才开，我们不妨去小吃店吃一顿。might as well不妨；倒不如。may well（很）可能。just as well幸好。as well也。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
8．She resorted to _____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.
A. have stolen
B. steal
C. stole
D. stealing【答案】D【解析】句意：当她沦落到没钱给孩子买吃的时候，她开始偷东西。resort to诉诸；求助于，其中的to为介词，后加名词或动名词。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
9．_____ money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.
A. Concerning
B. As to
C. In terms of
D. In the light of【答案】C【解析】句意：在金钱上，她非常富裕。但这不意味着她是快乐的。in terms of 就……而言，在……方面。concerning关于，涉及。as to至于。in the light of考虑到，鉴于。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
10．It is _____ with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.
A. in her honor
B. on her honor
C. a point of honor
D. an honor【答案】C【解析】句意：让店员不到最后不去猜顾客真正喜欢的是为维护顾客面子必须要做的事。a point of honor为维护面子而必须做的事。in one’s honor向……表示敬意；祝贺。on one’s honor以名誉担保。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
11．An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education _____.
A. settlement
B. establishment
C. construction
D. structure【答案】B【解析】句意：大学是一个比任何其他高等教育机构都更为综合和复杂的机构。establishment机构；大型组织。settlement定居点；解决。construction建筑物。structure（建筑内部的）结构。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
12．Jack is so _____ to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.
A. adverse
B. anonymous
C. indifferent
D. casual【答案】C【解析】句意：杰克压根不在意自己的外貌，他从来不会把衣服熨平整。indifferent漠不关心的，一般不用于名词前，常用作表语。casual随意的，漫不经心的，一般用于名词前，如a casual remark。adverse有害的。anonymous匿名的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
13．I _____ with the Browns during my stay in New York City.
A. put in
B. put down
C. put on
D. put up【答案】D【解析】句意：待在纽约的那段时间，我一直忍受着布朗一家。本题考查固定搭配，只有put up with为固定搭配，意为“忍受”。因此，本题的正确答案为D。
14．Outside my office window there is a fire _____ on the right.
A. escape
B. ladder
C. steps
D. stairs【答案】A【解析】句意：我办公室窗户外的右侧有一处防火梯。本题考查惯用搭配，fire escape防火梯。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
15．Our civilization cannot be thought of as _____ in a short period of time.
A. to have been created
B. to be created
C. having been created
D. being created【答案】C【解析】句意：我们不能认为我们的文明是在短时间内被创造出来的。be thought of as后一般接名词或动名词，故排除A、B。根据句意可推测，时间为过去时态，故排除D。因此，本题的正确答案为C。
16．He might have been killed _____ the timely arrival of the ambulance.
A. but for
B. except for
C. besides
D. except【答案】A【解析】句意：要不是救护车来得及时，他估计已经过世了。由“might have been”可推测本题考查虚拟式，but for要不是。except for除……之外。besides此外。except除……之外。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
17．Their happiness was very _____.
A. crisp
B. brittle
C. delicate
D. fragile【答案】B【解析】句意：他们的幸福十分脆弱。选项中四个单词都与“脆弱”有关，但修饰的对象不同。brittle（性情，情感）脆弱的。crisp（食物）酥脆的。delicate（物件）易损的，易碎的。fragile（物件）易碎的；（身体）虚弱的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
18．Do you know Johnson’s brother? He is _____ than Johnson.
A. much more businessman
B. more of a businessman
C. more of businessman
D. more a businessman【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道约翰逊的哥哥吗？他比约翰逊更有商人的气派。“more of+名词”结构相当于形容词。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
19．That was not the first time he _____ us. I think it’s high time we _____ strong actions against him.
A. betrayed… take
B. had betrayed… took
C. has betrayed… took
D. has betrayed… take【答案】B【解析】句意：这不是他第一次背叛我们了，我觉得是时候得采取强制的行动抵制他了。“it is the first time+现在完成时”，主句的谓语动词为“was”，为过去时态，因此后接过去完成时。“it is high time + should+动词原形”（should不可以省略）或“it is high time +动词的一般过去式”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。
20．Before Mr. Smith became the head of the factory, our production _____ at a snail’s pace.
A. crawled
B. climbed
C. slipped
D. crept【答案】A【解析】句意：在史密斯先生成为工厂厂长之前，我们厂的生产速度非常慢。crawl缓慢地爬行。climb攀登。slip滑倒，滑落。creep悄悄地缓慢地行进。因此，本题的正确答案为A。
II. Reading comprehension (40%)
Section 1 Multiple choice ( 2 points each)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage A
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium”. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
21．What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The origins of theater.
B. The role of ritual in modern dance.
C. The importance of storytelling.
D. The variety of early religious activities.
22．What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
A. The reason drama is often unpredictable.
B. The seasons in which dramas were performed.
C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots.
D. The importance of costumes in early drama.
23．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?
A. Dance.
B. Costumes.
C. Music.
D. Magic.
24．According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?
A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.
B. Ritual is shorter than drama.
C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.
D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.
25．The passage supports which of the following statements?
A. No one really knows how the theater began.
B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically.
C. Storytelling is an important part of dance.
D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.【答案与解析】
21．A 文章第一段的首句即文章的中心句：There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.文章第一段提到“the assumption that drama evolved from ritual”，由此可知，有人认为戏剧的起源是仪式。文章第三段提到“Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling.”由此可知，有人认为戏剧的起源是讲故事。第三段最后一句提到有人认为戏剧来源于古代人们对动物模仿的舞蹈。由此可知，文章是在围绕戏剧的起源展开讨论的。故选A。
22．C 文章第一段的大意是早期人们视自然界的力量为不可预知的事物，于是人们开始采取措施应对。那些显效的措施逐渐演变成固定的仪式。有些仪式虽然被丢弃，但仪式的内容作为神话流传下来，成为了早期戏剧中的主要情节。由此可知，第一段主要讲的是神话与戏剧情节的关系。故选C。
23．D 文章第二段首句提到“Those who…argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.”，由此可知magic（魔术）并未提到。故选D。
24．D 文章第二段提到在仪式表演中，“religious leaders usually assumed that task”，说明仪式中有宗教的内容。第二段最后一句提到“Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.”说明戏剧已经脱离了宗教。故选D。
25．A 文章只是列举了人们猜测的戏剧的三大起源，但实际上现在并没有人能确定戏剧的起源。神话仍在现在的戏剧表演中出现，故B错误。讲故事和跳舞分别都被猜测是戏剧的起源，两者间不存在整体与部分的关系，故C错误。D表述正确，是对事实的陈述，但不是作者要表达的观点。故选A。
Passage B
Historical developments of the past half century and the invention of modern telecommunication and transportation technologies have created a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy.
In the future, there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with foreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign films, or acquire financing from foreign banks.
The globalization of the world’s capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.
Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will be employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a small fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will require changes in the traditional methods of managing the work force.
In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control; production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “don’t think, do what you are told” to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do” style of management.
This shift is occurring not because today’s managers are more enlightened than yesterday’s managers but because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work force both become more central and require different modes of behavior.
In the word of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They don’t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners.
Today’s CEOs are those who solved the central problems facing their companies 20 years ago. Tomorrow’s CEOs will be those who solve central problems facing their companies today. Sloan hopes to produce a generation of managers who will be solving today’s and tomorrow’s problems and because they are successful in doing so they will become tomorrow’s captains of business.
26．The author suggests that a manger should hold a _____ view on management.
A. economical
B. geographical
C. international
D. financial
27．Speaking of the problems of training and motivating laborers, the author implies that _____.
A. laborers should keep up with the rapid development of modern technology
B. laborers pay more attention to wages
C. laborers want to advance themselves
D. there is a radical change in management style
28．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Globalization and demography lead to the differences between the work forces of the last century and those of the next century.
B. At present, white males make up only a small proportion of work forces in American firms.
C. In the next century, women and minorities will become the major part of work forces in the United States.
D. The need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously will call for a work force with much higher levels of education and skills.
29．By the first sentence of Paragraph 7, the author means that _____.
A. managers should master modern technology
B. managers should have access to technological knowledge
C. managers should focus on functional tasks
D. managers should cooperate with technicians
30．The main topic of this passage is _____.
A. the new concept of management
B. the great shift of management stylest
C. the qualities of managers for the 21 century
D. the technique of modern management of managers【答案与解析】
26．C 文章开头两段指明如今经济已发展成为世界经济，管理层应开始转变管理方式，以国际化的眼光管理公司。故选C。
27．D 文章第六段提到培训和激励员工的问题变得更加重要是因为管理方式的转变，即从让员工服从自己的要求向让员工独立思考解决的方式转变。故选D。
28．B 文章第四段倒数第二句提到“white males will become a small fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance”，说明当前男性白人在美国公司占多数，故B错误，C正确。A选项在文章中第四段第一句被提到。第五段开头提到“will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills”，故选B。
29．B 定位至文章第七段首句，作者提到无论管理者在公司担任什么类的职务，他都应该有科技方面的知识。故选B。
30．B 文章开头几段讲述经济全球化对公司管理的影响，中间几段讲述的是管理方式的转变，最后几段讲述的是未来管理层应具备哪些素养。综合分析可知，文章主题是管理方式的转变。故选B。
Section 2 Answering questions (20%)
Directions: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow the passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER SHEET.
Questions 31-35
Morally and socially, laughter has not been well regarded throughout history. Prior to the last hundred years or so, laughter in public was about as socially acceptable as vigorous breaking of wind would be today. In Medieval times, physicians located each emotion in some organ of the body. Love, for example, was seated in the heart—if they had chosen another particular organ which would seem to be a more logical contender, we would be sending each other quite different shapes on Valentine’s Day. The seat of laughter was the spleen, apparently to indicate that laughter was viewed as a “low” form of behavior.
It is no surprise that Victorian England was not big on laughter. Nevertheless, Queen Victoria did deliver one immortal quip in comment on a man charged with the attempted murder of the British Prime Minister, and who was pleading insanity—“We do not believe that anyone could be insane who would wish to murder a Conservative Prime Minister”. Neither was laughter popular with the Church. The Puritans in particular looked upon it with disdain and permitted it only when it served to illustrate a moral lesson.
Sigmund Freud distinguished between malign and benign laughter. Laughter was malignant, he argued, when it indicated an underlying pathology, i.e. served as an outlet for underlying sexual and aggressive impulses. Benign laughter did not indicate any underlying pathology. An example of benign humor is where a person masters unfortunate or unpleasant situations by turning them around and making a joke of them.
In humor, as in everything else, there are different levels of quality. This can range from the sparkling wit of Oscar Wilde to the crudity of the drinking-club “blue” joke. In my opinion the ethnic joke is fairly low on the totem pole. The object of these jokes is to highlight supposed negative characteristics in the target group, e.g. in the Irish joke, Paddy is always stupid. Of course this does not mean that many such jokes cannot be funny; simply that, as a genre, they are cruel and biased. Here is one I read recently, of American origin—Question “What is a real quick way to learn Irish?” Answer “Repeat the following words in quick succession—WHALE, OIL, BEEF, HOOKED”.
Since the mid-1940s it has gradually come to be well accepted that tension and stress are bad for the health. We know that someone with a Type A personality, characterized by seriousness, cynicism, stress, concern with time, hostility and impatience, has a greater risk of having a heart attack than the Type B personality. Type B personalities are defined as those who do not exhibit the characteristics itemized above for Type A, i.e. they are less serious, more relaxed, not particularly competitive, slow to anger, more patient, etc. If psychological factors such as stress and tension can cause illness, and they can, then, surely, opposing psychological factors such as a sense of humor, which will lessen and deflate stress and tension, must have a positive effect on health.
Although it remains to be unambiguously demonstrated that humor is good for your health, there is no doubt that it enhances the quality of life. There are few more pleasant sensations than sharing a laugh with friends. Well, I will leave it at that, and I hope that your opinion of my musings on this subject is more favorable than Dr. Samuel Johnson’s reply to an author who had sent him his manuscript for review—“Your manuscript is both good and original; but the part that is good is not original and the part that is original is not good”.
31．What is the thesis of this article? (6%)
32．Divide the article into several parts with the paragraph number indicated. (4%)
33．What are the main writing skills applied in paragraph 2 and 3? (2%)
34．By using Dr. Samuel Johnson’s reply to an author in paragraph 6, what did the author intend to demonstrate? (6%)
35．Give a possible title to the article. (2%)【答案与解析】
31．Although laughter had not been well regarded throughout history, a contemporary consensus that stress and tension leaves bad influence on our health indicates that humor does good to our health.（文章前两段以时间顺序记录了历史上“laughter”大笑不受人待见的史实。随后作者在第五段提到从上个世纪40年代开始人们普遍接受紧张和压力对身体影响不好的观点，作者以此提出能助人减压的大笑或幽默实际上有助于人类身心健康的论点。）
32．This article can be divided into three parts. The first part is from paragraph1 to paragraph 2; the second part is from paragraph3 to paragraph4; the last part is from paragraph 5 to paragraph 6.（根据每个段落的大意，文章可分为三部分。第一部分是第一、二自然段，内容是大笑在历史上三个阶段不受欢迎的史实。第二部分是第三、四自然段，内容是大笑和幽默的类别或等级。第三部分是第五、六自然段，内容是近现代人们普遍认为压力有害身心健康，作者依据这个提出大笑和幽默因为有减压的作用因此能有益身心健康的论点。）
33．Giving examples and classification.（第二段从皇室和教会两个领域描写大笑的不受欢迎，第三段则是从讥讽和善意两个方面来划分大笑的类型，由此可见两段都用了分类法。第二段列举了维多利亚女王对谋杀首相的嫌疑人所说的话，第三段则列举了人调侃自己的不幸是善意的幽默，由此可见两段都运用了举例法。）
34．On the one hand, the author hopes that the readers will not show total opposition to his thoughts like what Dr. Samuel Johnson did. On the other hand, the author is making jokes of himself, and such ending in an article is a demonstration of humor in fact.
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