四级大纲核心词汇周计划（新四级版)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：新东方考试研究中心

出版社：北京语言大学出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

四级大纲核心词汇周计划（新四级版)试读：

中国学生记不住英语单词，究其原因，一是缺乏语言环境；二是记忆方式、方法不正确；三是缺少合适的单词书。针对这些情况，我们专门为英语四级考生编写了这本融合学习计划、科学记忆法以及真题语境的词汇书，旨在帮助四级考生在较短的时间内突破词汇关，收到事半功倍的背诵效果。

本书收录的词汇选自最新版《大学英语课程教学要求》中一般要求下的4795个单词，即我们常说的四级大纲词汇。本书内容力求重点突出、讲解透彻，可供不同英语水平的四级考生使用。本书的特点具体如下：

1.以核心单词为主，制订周学习计划，学练结合，提高记忆效果。编者精研历年四级真题，统计大纲词汇的考频，据此确定其中1000个单词为核心词汇并收入本书，希望考生能够认真学习。建议考生利用五周的时间完成此部分内容的学习。同时，每周学习后还配有一套周练习，除单词及词组的听写和词汇辨析的练习外，特别增设了2013年8月四级考试改革中首次出现的汉译英翻译试题，可供考生进行自测。另外，本书还收录了认知词汇500个，重点简单词汇1000个，考生可根据自己的英语水平及备考时间，自主选择学习。

2.丰富的词条讲解内容，帮助考生全方位记忆四级词汇。本书收录的1000个核心单词提供了最详尽的单词学习内容，建议英语水平一般、备考时间短的考生以释义/助记/搭配/示例为重点学习内容，有余力者再学习同义/反义/派生/辨析/语料。我们建议考生能够合理利用此单词书，有针对性地选取个人所需的内容学习，不要全部死记硬背。

3.提供三种类型的例句，帮助考生在语境中加深对单词的理解和记忆。本书收录例句为真题例句、题源例句和简单例句，力求多角度呈现主词用法。收录真题例句、题源例句是为了最大限度地贴近考试，帮助考生在真题语境中背诵单词、理解用法、体验考试难度。收录的简单例句可供考生日常使用，提高考生的实际应用能力。

除以上三个特点外，本书附录还特别收录了四级核心词组500个，四级真题超纲词，四级段落翻译常用词汇等实用资料。同时，本书配套MP3音频及更丰富的备考资料请登录www.dogwood.com.cn/mp3/sjzjh自行下载。

有了好的单词书，再利用适当的记忆技巧，记忆单词就会事半功倍。为此，我们推荐考生：

1.学会利用词根词缀背单词。汉语有偏旁部首，英语也有词根词缀，这些语言元素都代表着一定的意义，所以掌握常用的词根词缀的语义有助于考生分析及记忆词汇。

2.循环记忆，反复背诵。要想单词记得牢是要下一番工夫的，单纯注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期复查、确认，同样是达不到良好的效果的，所以一定要通过反复背诵巩固、加强记忆效果。

3.选择记忆的最佳时间段背单词。据生理学家数据分析得知，在上午6:00-7:30、8:00-10:00，下午4:00-5:00，晚上8:00-10:00这四个时间段人的记忆力最佳。

4.多读英文读物。在语境中记忆单词是公认的最佳识记途径。把每个单词都变成自己熟悉的一个事物，而不是不同字母的排列组合，那么记单词就再也不是难事了。

诚然，再多的技巧都比不上拥有一份认真、努力的决心！只要坚持不懈，相信所有的考生都会取得满意的成绩。

由于时间有限，本书错误之处在所难免，恳请广大考生能给我们提出宝贵意见，以便我们不断改善。新东方考试研究中心使用说明USER'S GUIDE第一部分核心词汇第一周Monday音 频ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə/　听读写译释义 v. 保证；确保助记 en (动词前缀) +sure (确信的) →保证示例 ① What does Dr. Meyer do to ensure her patients understand her instructions? 为了确保病人明白自己的医嘱，梅耶医生做了什么？（2009. 12） ② In order to ensure success, we must have a complete and thorough plan. 为了保证成功，我们必须要有一个周密的计划。同义 assure, guarantee辨析 assure, guarantee和ensure都有“保证”之意。assure多指消除怀疑或担心，一般是带有目的的保证；guarantee指对事物的品质、人的行为及履行义务等承担责任的保证； ensure使用较广，强调使人相信某行为或力量的结果。luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/　听读写译熟义 n. 奢侈；奢侈品 ‖ a. 奢侈的 　　生义 n. 难得的享受示例 ① They were all luxury hotels in the leisure sector, all of a very high standard. 它们都是度假区的豪华酒店，规格都很高。（2008. 6） ② A week by the sea is a luxury they can no longer afford. 去海边一周成了一种奢侈，他们再也负担不起。派生 luxurious (a. 奢华的) ‖ luxuriance (n. 茂盛）反义 economy语料 A true love is what doesn't strive for business, for extravagance, for luxury, and moreover for hokum. 真正的爱情是不讲究热闹，不讲究排场，不讲究奢华，更不讲究噱头的。complain /kəmˈpleɪn/　听读写译释义 v. 抱怨，控诉；诉说有…不适助记 com (加强语气) +plain (=plaint，抱怨) →抱怨，控诉示例 ① Mr. Jobs had a reputation as a control freak, and his critics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible, in the name of greater ease of use. 乔布斯先生素来以“控制狂”著称，他的批评者们抱怨说，他设计的产品和系统打着使用更方便的幌子，实则是封闭且死板的。（2012. 12）② He complained to the police that the boys had crashed his car. 他向警方控诉称那些男孩撞了他的车。派生 complaint (n. 抱怨)同义 grumble, murmur辨析 grumble, murmur和complain均含“抱怨”之意。grumble指因不满而心生怨愤地向他人诉苦或自言自语；murmur多指因不满而背着人独自发怨言；complain侧重因对处境不满、待遇不公或自己有痛苦等而向别人诉说、埋怨。语料 As selfishness and complaint pervert the mind, so love with its joy clears and sharpens the vision. 自私和抱怨使心灵阴暗，愉快的爱则使视野明朗开阔。（海伦•凯勒）shift /ʃɪft/　听读写译熟义 v.（使）移动；变动 ‖ n. 轮班；轮班职工 　　生义 v. 推卸；销售；换挡搭配 make shift 将就，凑合 ‖ shift one's ground 改变立场示例 ① We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone. 我们需要培养自己从不同的角度去看问题，改变我们的定性思维，认识到多元化为我们所有人打开了一扇大门，为组织和社区创造了机会，使每个人都可以获益。（2009. 6） ② Around the turn of the 21st century, mankind's conception of the world underwent a huge shift. 在21世纪的转折点，人类对这个世界的认知经历了巨大的改变。同义 move, transfer辨析 move, transfer和shift均可表示“从一处移往另一处”。move指从一处到另外任何距离的转移；transfer一般表示转送或移交，特指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等； shift强调位置与方向的改变。attach /əˈtætʃ/　听读写译熟义 v. 附上；附加；依附 　　生义 v. 认为…具有；把…归因于；（使）喜爱助记 at (to) +tach (接触) →接触上→附上搭配 attach oneself to 依附 ‖ attach importance to 重视示例 ① There are close to one million nerve fibers that connect the eyeball to the brain, as of yet it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. 连接眼球与大脑的神经有近百万根，迄今我们仍然无法把这些神经完全连接到另一个人的大脑上。（2011. 6）② A great deal of blame attaches to the officer for his recent remarks. 这名官员因最近的言论受到许多指责。派生 attachment (n. 附件；附属物；依附)同义 associate, relate语料 With the skin gone, to what can the hair attach itself? 皮之不存，毛将焉附？accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/　听读写译释义 v. 积累；积聚示例 ① Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. 二十世纪六七十年代聚集在土壤和雪中的铅沉积主要是美国含铅汽油排放的结果。（2005. 1） ② Work hard and we will accumulate a fortune someday. 努力工作，总有一天我们会积累起一笔财富。派生 accumulation (n. 积累)同义 collect, gather辨析 collect和accumulate均含“积累”之意。collect多用于物，侧重指有选择或有计划地把零散物集中起来；accumulate可用于任何事物数量的增加，侧重连续不断地聚积。语料 Books are the ever-burning lamps of accumulated wisdom. 书籍是积累智慧的明灯。consult /kənˈsʌlt/　听读写译熟义 v. 商议；咨询，请教 　　生义 v. 翻阅助记 con (together) +sult (跳，活跃) →一起跳，一起讨论→商量，商议示例 ① He should consult closely with business sector on his plans to invest in public infrastructure. 他应该就投资公共基础设施的计划与商业部门进行密切商谈。（The New York Times） ② If you have any doubt, consult your doctor and follow his or her recommendations. 如有任何疑问，向你的医生咨询并按照他或她的建议去做。派生 consultant (n. 顾问) ‖ consultation (n. 咨询；商议)同义 negotiate, confer辨析 negotiate, confer和consult均含“商议”之意。negotiate较正式，指双方通过争论或讨论最后达成协议，也指通过商议从而解决问题；confer较正式，指交换观点或意见；consult多指向权威请教或咨询。stick /stɪk/　听读写译熟义 v. 粘贴；插入 ‖ n. 棍棒 　　生义 v. 铭记在心搭配 stick to 附着 ‖ be stuck on 非常喜欢示例 ① In the Great Depression many unhappy couples chose to stick together because living separately would be too costly. 在经济大萧条时期，很多不幸福的夫妻还坚持在一起是因为分开住花费太高了。（2012. 6） ② You must stick at it if you want to succeed. 如果你想成功的话，就必须坚持下去。同义 adhere, cling辨析 adhere, cling和stick均有“附着；坚持”之意。adhere语气严肃，既可指物体粘在一起，也可指坚持信仰或忠于事业；cling指靠缠绕、紧抱等方式而形成密切的关系；stick常指用胶水或浆糊粘贴，词义引申为“坚持”。approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/　听读写译熟义 v. 接近；临近；近似于 ‖ n. 方法，途径；接近 　　生义 v. 着手处理助记 ap (again) +proach (接近) →靠近示例 ① Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. 老师可采用“以男生为中心”的方式，例如，选一些会吸引男生的主题和人物来鼓励他们享受阅读和写作的乐趣。（2011. 12）② Diet is not the best approach to losing weight. 节食不是最好的减肥方法。同义 way, means辨析 way, means和approach均含“方法”之意。way使用最广，可指任何方法；means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径；approach指从事某事所采用的比较特别的方法。语料 Tough-minded optimists approach problems with a can-do philosophy and emerge stronger from tragedies. 意志坚强的乐观主义者用“世上无难事”的人生观来思考问题，越是遭受悲剧打击，表现得越坚强。（古罗马哲学家西尼加）contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/　听读写译释义 a. 相反的；对立的 ‖ n. 对立或相反的事物搭配 contrary to 与…相反 ‖ on the contrary 相反地示例 ① Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. 与那句名言“时间不等人”相反的是，当人处于运动状态时，时间会变慢。（2011. 6） ② On the contrary, philosophy, properly understood is what comes into being when one has achieved full recognition of a pre-existing error. 相反，正是在对已有的错误有了完整认知的时候，我们才会形成对哲学的适当理解。同义 opposite, adverse辨析 opposite, adverse和contrary均含“相反，对立”之意。opposite指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反；adverse侧重有害、不利一方；contrary一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等截然不同，没有非此即彼的意思。sustain /səˈsteɪn/　听读写译熟义 v. 维持；支撑 　　生义 v. 经受；救济助记 sus (under) +tain (to hold) →在下面支撑→维持；支撑示例 ① The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain. 问题在于这样的冲动很难持续下去。（2012. 6） ② How long will you sustain the rudeness of your colleague? 对你同事的粗暴无礼你还能忍受多久？派生 sustainable (a. 可持续的)同义 maintain, suffer语料 No problem can stand the assault of sustained thinking. 任何难题都经不住深思熟虑。（伏尔泰）combat /ˈkɒmbæt/　听读写译释义 n. 战斗；比赛 ‖ v. 与…战斗助记 com (together) +bat (打，击) →打在一起→战斗示例 ① The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. 美国肺脏协会发布了对抗感冒和流感的新准则，关键之一就是要能够快速区分两者。（2005. 1） ② She resolved to combat with her bad habits. 她决心与自己的坏习惯作斗争。派生 combatant (n. 参战者)同义 battle, war辨析 battle, war和combat均有“战斗”之意。battle指战争中的一次的战斗，也可指在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗；war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争；combat泛指军事行动，尤指小规模的战斗或格斗。incline　听读写译熟义 /ɪnˈklaɪn/ v.（使）倾斜；（使）偏向；（使）认为生义 /ˈɪnklaɪn/ n. 斜坡；坡度；倾斜助记 in (into) +clin (倾斜，斜坡) +e→进入斜坡→偏向示例 ① The captain inclined to the view that we should take no action at this stage. 队长倾向于我们不应在这个阶段采取行动。（2013. 6）② I incline to another point of view about the problem. 对于这个问题，我倾向另一种观点。派生 inclination (n. 倾向；爱好)domestic /dəˈmestɪk/　听读写译熟义 a. 国内的；家庭的 　　生义 a. 驯养的助记 dom (house) +estic (形容词词尾) →家里面的→国内的；家庭的示例 ① Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. 相反，除了穷人的家庭用水需求，在水资源使用上，政府应该按水的实际价值来收取费用。（2001. 6） ② New parents are obsessed with obtaining imported baby formula instead of domestic brands. 很多初为父母的人热衷于购买进口婴儿配方奶粉，而不是国内品牌的奶粉。派生 domestically (ad. 国内地)invade /ɪnˈveɪd/　听读写译释义 v. 侵略；大批涌入助记 in (into) +vade (走) →走进去→入侵示例 ① When frogs and toads and salamanders invade an area where a similar species exists, they are more, not less, likely to establish themselves. 当青蛙、蟾蜍和蝾螈入侵有类似物种存在的一个区域时，它们更有可能在此立足。（The New York Times）② When two viruses invade the same cell, they both begin to copy themselves. 当两种病毒侵入同一个细胞时，它们都会开始自我复制。派生 invasion (n. 侵略)creep /kriːp/　听读写译熟义 v. 蹑手蹑脚地移动；不知不觉地发生；爬行生义 n. 讨厌鬼 ‖ v. 逐渐增长搭配 creep up on 不知不觉产生（影响） ‖ give someone the creeps 使人毛骨悚然示例 ① An increasing ratio of mistakes, perhaps induced by lack of sleep, crept into her game.可能是因为缺乏睡眠，她在比赛中的错误率不知不觉地升高了。② The sight of mice makes my flesh creep. 我一见到老鼠就浑身起鸡皮疙瘩。派生 creepy (a. 毛骨悚然的)同义 climb, crawl辨析 climb, crawl和creep都有“爬”之意。climb通常指用手或脚爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日月的上升，还可用作比喻；crawl指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动；creep多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行，也指植物的蔓延生长等。语料 Creep before you walk. 循序渐进。resort /rɪˈzɔːt/　听读写译熟义 v. & n. 诉诸；采取；求助 　　生义 n.（度假）胜地搭配 resort to 诉诸 ‖ as a first/last resort 作为第一招或最后一招示例 ① When people know how to solve their problems, they are less likely to resort to violence. 当人们知道如何解决自己的问题时，他们诉诸暴力的可能性就会小一些。② He lingered away his two-month summer vacation at a luxury resort. 他把两个月的暑假全消磨在一个奢华的度假胜地了。语料 Consistency is the last resort of the unimaginative. 一致性是缺乏想象力的人的最后乐园。（王尔德）deposit /dɪˈpɒzɪt/　听读写译熟义 n. 订金；押金；存款 ‖ v. 放下；寄存；存入账户 　　生义 n. 沉积物 ‖ v. 使沉积助记 de (down) +posit (to put) →放下不用→存款搭配 on deposit 存着的示例 ① In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage containers. 1993年纽约州勒令所有商店对饮料瓶收取押金。（2001. 1）② He has a large deposit in the bank, which surprised all his relatives. 让所有的亲戚大为惊讶的是，他在银行里有一大笔存款。语料 Common sense is nothing more than a deposit of prejudices laid down in the mind before you reach eighteen. 所谓常识不过是人在十八岁之前脑子里沉积的偏见。（爱因斯坦）stretch /stretʃ/　听读写译熟义 v. 延伸；伸展；持续；涉及 　　生义 v. 耗尽；使竭尽全力 ‖ n. 一段搭配 at full stretch 尽量伸展（身体） ‖ at a stretch 不停地示例 ① Although no form of matter yet discovered moves as fast as or faster than light, scientific experiments have already confirmed that accelerated motion causes a traveler's time to be stretched. 目前还没有发现和光速一样或比光速更快的物质，但是科学实验已经证实，加速运动会使旅行者的时间变缓。（2011. 6）② You can see the view from the window that vast meadows stretch to the east. 你可以通过这扇窗看看风景，辽阔的草原向东延伸。同义 extend, prolong辨析 extend, prolong和stretch都有“伸展，延长”之意。extend指时空的延长，也可指影响和使用范围等的扩大；prolong通常指时间延长得超过了一般的限度；stretch指长度延伸及宽度增加。语料 Jazz tickles your muscles, symphonies stretch your soul. 爵士乐使你的肌肉发痒，交响乐能舒展你的灵魂。（美国指挥家怀特曼）endless /ˈendləs/　听读写译释义 a. 无止境的示例 ① We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist—the list is endless. 我们必须信赖他人的诚实和善良。否则，我们就不敢把钱存进银行，不敢从别人手中购买食物、衣服或药品，不敢开车驶过大桥，不敢乘坐飞机，不敢去看牙医——这样的事不胜枚举。（2011. 12）② He really hated to get involved in the endless arguments. 他真的很讨厌被卷入这些无休止的争论当中。派生 endlessness (n. 无限) ‖ endlessly (ad. 无尽地）同义 permanent, everlasting辨析 permanent, everlasting和endless均有“永久的”之意。permanent指事物总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长时间延续，永久不变；everlasting语气较庄重，指开始后便一直进行下去； endless为普通用词，意为无尽无休。语料 Love is an endless mystery, for it has nothing else to explain it. 爱是无法解释的无尽的谜。（泰戈尔）cope /kəʊp/　听读写译熟义 v.（成功）应对；忍受 　　生义 n.（基督教）法衣搭配 cope with（成功地）应对，处理示例 ① A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope with the mid-afternoon sleepiness. 一项2008年的英国研究发现，相比于更多的夜间睡眠，午睡是应付下午困倦的最好方式。（2013. 6）② Those questions were difficult to answer, but we managed to cope. 那些问题很难回答，但我们都设法解决了。同义 deal辨析 deal, cope都可指“应对”。deal指应对，处理某事或某人，不强调结果；cope指成功地处理某事。lease /liːs/　听读写译释义 n. 租约 ‖ v. 出租搭配 a new lease of life 焕发生机；重振雄风示例 ① Within a week, I had worked out an agreement to lease the greenhouse from the owner's family. 我在一周之内制订了一份合同来租用房主的温室。（2008. 6）② The lease is explicit in saying that the rent must be paid in advance. 租约上写得明白，租金必须提前交。同义 hire, rent辨析 hire, rent和lease均含“租用”之意。hire多指短期租用；rent在英国指较长期出租或者向别人租赁房屋、商店或土地，而在美国指长期或短期租用各种资产以及日用物品；lease指按照租约租出或租用房屋、土地或其他不动产。adequate /ˈædɪkwət/　听读写译释义 a. 足够的；合格的助记 ad (to) +equ (相等，平均) +ate (形容词词尾) →和所需的相等→足够的示例 ① There is not enough money to build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the new arrivals. 没有足够的钱给当地居民修建足够多的房屋，更不用说给新来的人建房子了。（2007. 12） ② I'm sorry to say that none of your people is adequate to the work. 很遗憾，你手下没有人能胜任这项工作。派生 adequately (ad. 足够地)同义 enough, sufficient反义 inadequate辨析 enough, sufficient和adequate均含“足够的，充足的”之意。enough使用广泛，强调分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足；sufficient是正式用词，强调数量或程度达到某一特定要求或需要；adequate指数量上足够，质量上适当。distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/　听读写译熟义 v. 分配；分发 　　生义 v. 撒播；分销助记 dis (apart) +tribut (to pay) +e→分开给→分配示例 ① My children used to distribute ads in nearby shopping centres, but we don't need to do that anymore. 我的孩子们以前经常在附近的购物中心发广告，但是我们现在不需要那么做了。（2011. 6）② After the earthquake, thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the victims. 地震过后，数以千计的士兵正在给灾民们分发食物和毯子。派生 distribution (n. 分配；分发)同义 assign, divide辨析 assign, divide和distribute均含“分配，分发”之意。assign指按照某种原则进行分配，不强调公平；divide是普通用词，指将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意；distribute通常指按一定的量来分配。语料 Nothing is more fairly distributed than common sense: no one thinks he needs more of it than he already has. 没有什么是比常识分配得更公平的东西了，因为每个人都觉得自己有足够的常识。（笛卡尔）detect /dɪˈtekt/　听读写译释义 v. 测出；查出；发现，察觉助记 de (off) +tect (盖上，掩护) →把盖上的打开→测出示例 ① Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. 当然，有75岁以上的老年人通过常规筛查检查出癌症，并通过治疗延长了几年寿命。（2012. 12）② According to the research, some cancers can be cured if detected and treated early. 研究发现，如果早发现，早治疗，有些癌症是可以治愈的。派生 detectable (a.可觉察的) ‖ detective (a. 侦破的 n. 侦探)同义 discover, find辨析 discover, find和detect均有“发现”之意。discover是普通用词，指发现本来存在的事物、真理或情况；find是普通用词，可指偶然发现，也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西；detect是正式用词，强调经过仔细观察或研究而发现隐藏之物。语料 Misfortune tests friends, and detects enemies. 不幸会考验朋友，也能鉴别出敌人。assign /əˈsaɪn/　听读写译熟义 v. 分派；布置；分配；委派 　　生义 v. 赋予助记 as (to) +sign (加上记号) →给…加上记号→分配示例 ① Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. 进入九年级的300名学生被随机分配到其中一个分部，利用两年时间跟相同的老师学习四门主要课程，然后转入另一分部就读十一和十二年级。（2012. 6）② The doctor was unable to assign a cause for her illness. 医生无法说出她的病因。派生 assignment (n. 任务)同义 appoint, nominate辨析 appoint, nominate和assign均有“任命，委派”之意。appoint多指官方委任；nominate通常指为某一公职选择候选人，并将其提交给有决定权的人作最后决定；assign指分配、分派、指派或委派任务。语料 Things do not have meaning. We assign meaning to everything. 万物本身没有意义，是我们赋予了它们意义。rely /rɪˈlaɪ/　听读写译释义 v. 依赖；信任搭配 rely on 依赖，信任示例 ① Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. 筹集经费是典型的美国特色，因为美国的大学非常依赖捐款。（2011. 12）② We don't rely on blessings from Heaven to change our situation. 我们不靠老天保佑来改变我们的生活。派生 reliable (a. 可靠的)同义 believe, trust辨析 believe, trust和rely均含有“信任”之意。believe是普通用词，不强调相信的程度；trust指绝对相信或信赖某人；rely指在相信的基础上可进一步依靠，着重可靠性。语料 Often you have to rely on intuition. 大多数情况下，你得相信自己的直觉。（比尔•盖茨）motion /ˈməʊʃn/　听读写译熟义 n. 运动；动作，手势 　　生义 n. 议案 ‖ v. 示意助记 mot (to move) +ion (名词词尾) →运动；动作搭配 in motion 运转 ‖ go through the motions 机械地做某事示例 ① That same rocking motion that puts babies to sleep works wonders for grown-ups too. 哄孩子入睡的摇晃动作对成年人也有同样的神奇功效。（2013. 6）② Opposition parties brought a no-confidence motion against the government last month. 上个月反对党向政府提出了不信任案。派生 motionless (a. 不动的，静止的)同义 move, movement辨析 move, movement和motion都有“运动”之意。move着重指开始的行动或变化；movement通常抽象地指有规则的动作或定向运动，特指政治性的运动；motion指物体移动的过程，强调运动本身，而不涉及其动因。语料 Never mistake motion for action. 提议不等于行动。（海明威）afford /əˈfɔːd/　听读写译释义 v. 买得起；经得住；提供示例 ① Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples often couldn't afford to divorce. 相反，由于收入下降和工作不稳定，感到不幸福的夫妻也离不起婚。（2012. 6）② We cannot afford a new car under this economy. 在这种经济形势下我们可买不起一辆新车。派生 affordable (a. 买得起的)语料 No country, however rich, can afford the waste of its human resources. 任何一个国家，不管它多么富裕，都浪费不起人力资源。（美国前总统罗斯福）illegal /ɪˈliːɡl/　听读写译释义 a. 不合法的；非法入境的助记 il (not) +legal (合法的) →不合法的示例 ① But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them were illegal immigrants from Central or South America. 但是这些被捕的人根本不是恐怖分子，他们大多是中南美洲来的非法移民。（2006. 6）② This firm is just a front for their illegal trade in oil. 这家公司不过是他们进行非法石油贸易的一个幌子。派生 illegally (ad. 非法地) ‖ illegality (n. 违法)attractive /əˈtræktɪv/　听读写译释义 a. 有魅力的；漂亮的；吸引人的助记 attract (吸引) +ive (形容词词尾) →吸引人的示例 ① Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition to academia more attractive, according to Lee. 李认为，所处职位越高的人减薪的影响就越大，生产领域对经验丰富的科学家的巨大需求迫使大学把（产业科学家们）转回学术圈变得更有吸引力。（2010. 12）② Smoking is still attractive to many young people who are easily affected by their peers. 吸烟对很多容易被同龄人影响的年轻人还是很有诱惑力的。派生 attractively (ad. 吸引人地) ‖ attractiveness (n. 魅力)同义 desirable, charmingdeny /dɪˈnaɪ/　听读写译释义 v. 否认；抛弃；拒绝给予示例 ① When pregnant women are asked if they smoke, almost a quarter of the smokers deny they have the habit. 当孕妇被问及她们是否吸烟时，几乎四分之一的吸烟者否认她们有吸烟的习惯。（The New York Times） ② The government has denied that the central bank would raise interest rates. 政府否认中央银行会提高利率。派生 deniable (a. 可否认的)同义 contradict, oppose辨析 contradict, oppose和deny都含“否认，反对”之意。contradict指坚持相反的意见； oppose指不争论或不提出论据而反对，也指任何温和、有理由地反对或否定；deny侧重否认某事的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。语料 No person is your friend who demands your silence, or denies your right to grow. 如果一个人要求你沉默或者不让你成长，他就不是你真正的朋友。conclude /kənˈkluːd/　听读写译熟义 v. 推断出；总结 　　生义 v. 结束；达成（协议）助记 con (all) +clude (关闭) →全部关闭→结束示例 ① The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines." 戴安娜王妃最后传达了一条简明的信息：“我们必须停止使用地雷。”（2004. 6）② So what can we conclude from this investigation? 那么从这次调查中我们能推断出什么呢？派生 conclusion (n. 结论；推论)同义 close, accomplish辨析 close, accomplish和conclude均含“结束，完成”之意。close指行为的终止或结束，不强调目的；accomplish为正式用词，多指一个过程的完成，也可指依靠努力达到目的或取得一定的成绩；conclude为正式用词，多指以某事或活动达到预期目的而告终。语料 Idealist: One who, on noticing that a rose smells better than a cabbage, concludes that it will also make better soup. 理想主义者就是，当他们发现玫瑰闻起来比白菜香就断定玫瑰做的汤更好喝。journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/　听读写译释义 n. 杂志；日报，周报；日志助记 journ (日期) +al (名词词尾) →日报；日志示例 ① As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. 早在1995年，医学杂志发表的论文和宾州网瘾治疗中心的成立就引起了人们对该问题的兴趣。（2010. 6）② When you feel inspired, write it down in your journal. 当你有了灵感，把它记在你的日记里。派生 journalist (n. 新闻工作者) ‖ journalism (n. 新闻业)同义 diary语料 Poetry is the journal of a sea animal living on land, wanting to fly in the air. 诗歌就像是一种住在陆地却向往翱翔天际的海洋动物写的日记。faithful /ˈfeɪθfl/　听读写译熟义 a. 忠诚的；忠贞的 　　生义 a. 忠实于原文的 ‖ n. 虔诚的信徒助记 faith (信任，信念) +ful (充满…的) →忠诚的示例 ① Norman Davis will be remembered by many with affection not only as a great scholar but also as a most delightful and faithful friend. 很多人将深情地怀念诺曼•戴维斯，他不仅是一位伟大的学者，还是一位令人愉快的、忠诚的朋友。（2005. 1）② After a few years of faithful service, she rose to head of the department. 她诚恳地工作了几年之后，被提升为部门领导。派生 faithfulness (n. 忠诚)同义 loyal, true辨析 loyal, true和faithful均含“忠实的”之意。loyal一般指对祖国、领袖的忠诚或对事业、原则、誓言的忠实；true侧重对个人感情的忠实和不动摇；faithful多指对人、对事或对诺言始终不渝，强调在任何情况下都绝不改变。语料 Only the person who has faith in himself is able to be faithful to others. 只有对自己有信心的人才会对别人守信用。preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/　听读写译熟义 v. 维持；保护；保存 　　　生义 n. 蜜饯；专属工作；保护区助记 pre (before) +serv (保持) +e→提前保持下来→保存示例 ① We write to preserve our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and appreciate their heritage. 我们通过文字记录保存家族的历史，以便我们的儿孙能够了解和重视祖辈的传统。（2010. 12） ② Many organizations have set up to preserve and broadcast this rich cultural heritage to the world. 人们已经成立了许多组织来保护和向世界弘扬这深厚的文化遗产。派生 preservation (n. 保留；防腐) ‖ preserver (n. 保护者)语料 To do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom. 为了保住这最后的、最伟大的自由堡垒，我们必须尽我们所能。（美国前总统里根）sake /seɪk/　听读写译释义 n. 缘故；目的；理由搭配 for the sake of 因为…的缘故 ‖ for one's sake 看在某人的份上示例 ① Some women could have made a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. 有些女人本来可以在工作中拿到高薪的，而不是窝在家里；但是她们却为了家庭而决定放弃工作。② There is no man doing a wrong for the wrong's sake but thereby to purchase himself profit, or pleasure, or honour, or the like. 没有人单纯为了做坏事而做坏事，而是以此来为自己谋求利益、快乐、荣誉或这一类的东西。语料 Art for art's sake is an empty phrase. 为艺术而艺术是句空话。reject　听读写译熟义 /rɪˈdʒekt/ v. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃；不录用生义 v. 冷漠对待；排斥（移植器官） ‖ /ˈriːdʒekt/ n. 残次品助记 re (back) +ject (扔) →扔回来→拒绝

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