呼啸山庄:英汉对照(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


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作者:(英)勃朗特

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呼啸山庄:英汉对照

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艾米莉·勃朗特(1818~1848),十九世纪英国杰出的女作家和诗人。

艾米莉·勃朗特出生在英国北部约克郡旷野的桑顿村,1820年随父母迁到了豪渥斯,度过了短暂而壮丽的一生。她的父亲是当地圣公会的穷牧师,母亲是家庭主妇。艾米莉·勃朗特排行老五,上有三个姐姐、一个哥哥,下有一个妹妹。姐姐夏洛特·勃朗特和妹妹安妮·勃朗特也是著名作家,姐妹三人都因各自的不朽著作而驰名世界文坛,被称为“勃朗特三姐妹”。

艾米莉·勃朗特生活的三十年间正是英国社会跌宕起伏、变化莫测的时期。资本主义正在蓬勃发展,但也越来越暴露出它内在的缺陷:劳资之间矛盾日益尖锐,失业工人贫困交加,大量童工被残酷折磨至死,英国政府对民主改革斗争和工人运动采取了高压手段。这一时期的文学作品对此也有所反映。

尽管她们的家邻近豪渥斯工业区,但这座住宅正好位于城镇与荒野之间。艾米莉经常和她的姐妹们到西边的旷野散步。因此,勃朗特姐妹一方面看到了城镇中正在发展的资本主义社会,另一方面也受到了旷野气氛的感染。尤其是艾米莉,她表面沉默寡言,内心却热情奔放,虽然不懂政治,但又十分关心政治。三姐妹常常看自由党或保守党的期刊,喜欢议论政治,这当然是受到了她们父亲的影响。她们的父亲是一位比较激进的保守党人,早年反对过“路德运动”,后来也帮助豪渥斯工人,支持他们的罢工。艾米莉和她的姐妹们继承了他的正义感,同情手工业工人的反抗和斗争。这就为《呼啸山庄》的诞生创造了有利的条件。

艾米莉·勃朗特使用的笔名是相当中性的埃利斯·贝尔(Ellis Bell)。艾米莉被人们认为是三姐妹中天分最高的一位。她生性独立、纯真、刚毅、热情,颇有男子汉气概,同时却又沉默寡言,性格自闭,孤傲乖僻,热爱荒原,一生中几乎没有朋友,但她有惊人的想象和卓越的文采,创作了大量抒情诗,并以唯一的一部小说《呼啸山庄》驰名文坛,被誉为英国十九世纪文学史中最奇特的女作家。

艾米莉的写作从诗开始,她在着手创作《呼啸山庄》之前的十六七年间,陆续习文写作,创作了193首诗。这些文字也是她创作《呼啸山庄》这部不朽之作的有益准备。也就是说,她写《呼啸山庄》,是她写诗的继续。她的诗真挚深沉,粗犷遒劲,立意高远,这也是《呼啸山庄》的基本格调。

可以说《呼啸山庄》凝结了艾米莉短暂一生的全部心血和才华。这是一个爱情和复仇的故事。《呼啸山庄》通过三十多年的时间跨度,叙述了恩肖和林顿两家两代人的感情纠葛这样一个错综复杂、惊心动魄的故事。全篇充满强烈的反抗压迫和争取幸福的斗争精神,又始终笼罩着离奇紧张的浪漫气氛。《呼啸山庄》是一部有丰富象征意义的小说,在艺术上结合了现实主义、浪漫主义和象征主义的手法。故事始终笼罩在一种神秘和恐怖的气氛之中。这个凄婉哀怨的故事是以希斯克利夫达到复仇目的而死告终的。他的死是一种殉情,表达了他对凯瑟琳生死不渝的爱。他临死前放弃了在下一代身上报复的念头,表明了他的性本善,只是因残酷的现实而扭曲了天性,迫使他变得暴虐无情。这种人性的复苏是一种精神上的升华。《呼啸山庄》出版后很长一段时间,始终遭到评论界的猛烈谴责,一直不被世人理解,是一部“神秘莫测”的“怪书”。直到近半个世纪之后,人们才发现艾米莉远远地走在了人们的前面。《呼啸山庄》就像一首奇特的抒情诗,字里行间充满了丰富的想象和狂飙般猛烈的情感,具有震撼人心的艺术力量。《呼啸山庄》通过一个爱情悲剧,向人们展示了一幅畸形社会的生活画面,勾勒了被这个畸形社会扭曲的人性及其造成的种种恐怖事件。整个故事的情节实际上是通过四个阶段逐步铺开的:第一阶段叙述了希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳朝夕相处的童年生活;第二阶段着重描写了凯瑟琳因为虚荣、无知和愚昧,背弃了希斯克利夫,成了画眉田庄的女主人;第三阶段以大量笔墨描绘了希斯克利夫如何在绝望中把满腔仇恨化为报仇雪耻的计谋和行动;最后阶段,尽管只交代了希斯克利夫的死亡,但突出揭示了他了解哈里顿和凯茜相爱后思想上经历的一种崭新变化,使这个具有恐怖色彩的爱情悲剧闪射出一道人性回归的希望之光。

因此,希斯克利夫的爱——恨——复仇——人性的复苏,既是小说的精髓,又是贯穿始终的一条主线。按照这个脉络,作者谋篇布局,把场景安排得波谲云诡、变幻莫测,故事始终笼罩在一种神秘恐怖的气氛之中。

艾米莉曾经在少女时期的一首诗中这样写道:“我是唯一的人,命中注定无人过问,也无人流泪哀悼;自从生下来,我从来没有引起过一丝忧虑和一个快乐的微笑。在秘密的欢乐和秘密的眼泪中,这个变化多端的生活就这样滑过,十八年后依然无依无靠,就像在我诞生那天一样寂寞。”

她在同一首诗中最后慨叹道:“起初青春的希望被融化,然后幻想的虹彩迅速退去,于是经验告诉我说,真理绝不会在人类的心中成长。”

然而,她很想振作起来,有所作为,但已经挣扎不起,这种痛苦的思想斗争和濒于绝望的情绪在她同一时期的诗句中也有所反映:“如今,当我希望歌唱时,我的手指却拨动了一根无音的弦。”

英国著名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文中说:“夏洛特写作时,以雄辩、光彩和热情说‘我爱’, ‘我恨’, ‘我苦’。尽管她的经验比较强烈,但跟我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。然而,《呼啸山庄》中没有‘我’,没有家庭女教师,没有东家。有爱,却不是男女之爱。艾米莉受到某些比较普遍的观念激励,促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去,而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到——一种虽部分受挫,但却具有恢弘信念的挣扎,通过她,人物说出的不仅仅是‘我爱’或‘我恨’,而是‘我们,全人类’和‘你们,永存的势力’等没有说完的话。”

英国进步评论家阿诺德·凯特尔在《英国小说引论》一书中说:“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突,对自然、荒野与暴风雨、星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒,他们生活在这个世界里,而且努力去改变它。”

英国当代著名小说家毛姆评论说:“我不知道还有哪一部小说中爱情的痛苦、迷恋、残酷和执著曾经如此令人吃惊地描述出来。《呼啸山庄》就像铅色的天空掠过一道闪电,给这一情景加上了最后一笔,增添了神秘的恐怖感。”

总之,《呼啸山庄》是一部伟大的作品,也被誉为“最奇特的小说”。小说中希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳这两个主要人物在世界文学上给广大读者留下了终生难忘的深刻印象;他们那种不为世俗所压、忠贞不渝的爱情是对他们所处的那个旧时代的一种顽强反抗,最终战胜了死亡,达到了升华的境界,让爱充满人间。青闰 于焦作大学

VOLUME ONE

CHAPTER Ⅰ

1801.—I have just returned from a visit to my landlord—the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr. Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still further in his waistcoat, as I announced my name.‘Mr. Heathcliff? ' I said.

A nod was the answer.‘Mr. Lockwood, your new tenant, sir. I do myself the honour of calling as soon as possible after my arrival, to express the hope that I have not inconvenienced you by my perseverance in soliciting the occupation of Thrushcross Grange: I heard yesterday you had had some thoughts—’‘Thrushcross Grange is my own, sir, ' he interrupted, wincing. ‘I should not allow any one to inconvenience me, if I could hinder it—walk in! ’

The ‘walk in' was uttered with closed teeth, and expressed the sentiment, ‘Go to the Deuce:' even the gate over which he leant manifested no sympathising movement to the words; and I think that circumstance determined me to accept the invitation: I felt interested in a man who seemed more exaggeratedly reserved than myself.

When he saw my horse's breast fairly pushing the barrier, he did put out his hand to unchain it, and then sullenly preceded me up the causeway, calling, as we entered the court, —‘Joseph, take Mr. Lockwood's horse; and bring up some wine.’‘Here we have the whole establishment of domestics, I suppose, ' was the reflection suggested by this compound order. ‘No wonder the grass grows up between the flags, and cattle are the only hedge-cutters.’

Joseph was an elderly, nay, an old man: very old, perhaps, though hale and sinewy. ‘The Lord help us! ' he soliloquised in an undertone of peevish displeasure, while relieving me of my horse: looking, meantime, in my face so sourly that I charitably conjectured he must have need of divine aid to digest his dinner, and his pious ejaculation had no reference to my unexpected advent.

Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff's dwelling. ‘Wuthering' being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. Pure, bracing ventilation they must have up there at all times, indeed: one may guess the power of the north wind blowing over the edge, by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house; and by a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun. Happily, the architect had foresight to build it strong: the narrow windows are deeply set in the wall, and the corners defended with large jutting stones.

Before passing the threshold, I paused to admire a quantity of grotesque carving lavished over the front, and especially about the principal door; above which, among a wilderness of crumbling griffins and shameless little boys, I detected the date ‘1500' , and the name ‘Hareton Earnshaw' . I would have made a few comments, and requested a short history of the place from the surly owner; but his attitude at the door appeared to demand my speedy entrance, or complete departure, and I had no desire to aggravate his impatience previous to inspecting the penetralium.

One stop brought us into the family sitting-room, without any introductory lobby or passage:they call it here ‘the house' preeminently. It includes kitchen and parlour, generally; but I believe at Wuthering Heights the kitchen is forced to retreat altogether into another quarter: at least I distinguished a chatter of tongues, and a clatter of culinary utensils, deep within; and I observed no signs of roasting, boiling, or baking, about the huge fireplace; nor any glitter of copper saucepans and tin cullenders on the walls. One end, indeed, reflected splendidly both light and heat from ranks of immense pewter dishes, interspersed with silver jugs and tankards, towering row after row, on a vast oak dresser, to the very roof. The latter had never been under-drawn: its entire anatomy lay bare to an inquiring eye, except where a frame of wood laden with oatcakes and clusters of legs of beef, mutton, and ham, concealed it. Above the chimney were sundry villainous old guns, and a couple of horse-pistols: and, by way of ornament, three gaudily-painted canisters disposed along its ledge. The floor was of smooth, white stone; the chairs, high-backed, primitive structures, painted green: one or two heavy black ones lurking in the shade. In an arch under the dresser reposed a huge, liver-coloured bitch pointer, surrounded by a swarm of squealing puppies; and other dogs haunted other recesses.

The apartment and furniture would have been nothing extraordinary as belonging to a homely, northern farmer, with a stubborn countenance, and stalwart limbs set out to advantage in knee-breeches and gaiters. Such an individual seated in his arm-chair, his mug of ale frothing on the round table before him, is to be seen in any circuit of five or six miles among these hills, if you go at the right time after dinner. But Mr. Heathcliff forms a singular contrast to his abode and style of living. He is a dark-skinned gipsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman: that is, as much a gentleman as many a country squire: rather slovenly, perhaps, yet not looking amiss with his negligence, because he has an erect and handsome figure; and rather morose. Possibly, some people might suspect him of a degree of under-bred pride; I have a sympathetic chord within that tells me it is nothing of the sort: I know, by instinct, his reserve springs from an aversion to showy displays of feeling—to manifestations of mutual kindliness. He'll love and hate equally under cover, and esteem it a species of impertinence to be loved or hated again. No, I'm running on too fast: I bestow my own attributes over-liberally on him. Mr. Heathcliff may have entirely dissimilar reasons for keeping his hand out of the way when he meets a would-be acquaintance, to those which actuate me. Let me hope my constitution is almost peculiar: my dear mother used to say I should never have a comfortable home; and only last summer I proved myself perfectly unworthy of one.

While enjoying a month of fine weather at the sea-coast, I was thrown into the company of a most fascinating creature: a real goddess in my eyes, as long as she took no notice of me. I‘never told my love' vocally; still, if looks have language, the merest idiot might have guessed I was over head and ears: she understood me at last, and looked a return—the sweetest of all imaginable looks. And what did I do? I confess it with shame—shrunk icily into myself, like a snail; at every glance retired colder and farther; till finally the poor innocent was led to doubt her own senses, and, overwhelmed with confusion at her supposed mistake, persuaded her mamma to decamp. By this curious turn of disposition I have gained the reputation of deliberate heartlessness; how undeserved, I alone can appreciate.

I took a seat at the end of the hearthstone opposite that towards which my landlord advanced, and filled up an interval of silence by attempting to caress the canine mother, who had left her nursery, and was sneaking wolfishly to the back of my legs, her lip curled up, and her white teeth watering for a snatch. My caress provoked a long, guttural gnarl.‘You' d better let the dog alone, ' growled Mr. Heathcliff in unison, checking fiercer demonstrations with a punch of his foot. ‘She's not accustomed to be spoiled—not kept for a pet.' Then, striding to a side door, he shouted again, ‘Joseph! ’

Joseph mumbled indistinctly in the depths of the cellar, but gave no intimation of ascending;so his master dived down to him, leaving me vis-à-vis the ruffianly bitch and a pair of grim shaggy sheep-dogs, who shared with her a jealous guardianship over all my movements. Not anxious to come in contact with their fangs, I sat still; but, imagining they would scarcely understand tacit insults, I unfortunately indulged in winking and making faces at the trio, and some turn of my physiognomy so irritated madam, that she suddenly broke into a fury and leapt on my knees. I flung her back, and hastened to interpose the table between us. This proceeding aroused the whole hive: half-a-dozen four-footed fiends, of various sizes and ages, issued from hidden dens to the common centre. I felt my heels and coat-laps peculiar subjects of assault; and parrying off the larger combatants as effectually as I could with the poker, I was constrained to demand, aloud, assistance from some of the household in re-establishing peace.

Mr. Heathcliff and his man climbed the cellar steps with vexatious phlegm: I don't think they moved one second faster than usual, though the hearth was an absolute tempest of worrying and yelping. Happily, an inhabitant of the kitchen made more despatch: a lusty dame, with tucked-up gown, bare arms, and fire-flushed cheeks, rushed into the midst of us flourishing a frying-pan: and used that weapon, and her tongue, to such purpose, that the storm subsided magically, and she only remained, heaving like a sea after a high wind, when her master entered on the scene.‘What the devil is the matter? ' he asked, eyeing me in a manner that I could ill endure, after this inhospitable treatment.‘What the devil, indeed! ' I muttered. ‘The herd of possessed swine could have had no worse spirits in them than those animals of yours, sir. You might as well leave a stranger with a brood of tigers! ’‘They won't meddle with persons who touch nothing, ' he remarked, putting the bottle before me, and restoring the displaced table. ‘The dogs do right to be vigilant. Take a glass of wine? '‘No, thank you.’‘Not bitten, are you? ’‘If I had been, I would have set my signet on the biter.' Heathcliff's countenance relaxed into a grin.‘Come, come, ' he said, ‘you are flurried, Mr. Lockwood. Here, take a little wine. Guests are so exceedingly rare in this house that I and my dogs, I am willing to own, hardly know how to receive them. Your health, sir? ’

I bowed and returned the pledge; beginning to perceive that it would be foolish to sit sulking for the misbehaviour of a pack of curs; besides, I felt loth to yield the fellow further amusement at my expense; since his humour took that turn. He—probably swayed by prudential consideration of the folly of offending a good tenant—relaxed a little in the laconic style of chipping off his pronouns and auxiliary verbs, and introduced what he supposed would be a subject of interest to me, —a discourse on the advantages and disadvantages of my present place of retirement. I found him very intelligent on the topics we touched; and before I went home, I was encouraged so far as to volunteer another visit tomorrow. He evidently wished no repetition of my intrusion. I shall go, notwithstanding. It is astonishing how sociable I feel myself compared with him.

CHAPTER Ⅱ

Yesterday afternoon set in misty and cold. I had half a mind to spend it by my study fire, instead of wading through heath and mud to Wuthering Heights. On coming up from dinner, however, (N.B.—I dine between twelve and one o' clock; the housekeeper, a matronly lady, taken as a fixture along with the house, could not, or would not, comprehend my request that I might be served at five)—on mounting the stairs with this lazy intention, and stepping into the room, I saw a servantgirl on her knees surrounded by brushes and coal-scuttles, and raising an infernal dust as she extinguished the flames with heaps of cinders. This spectacle drove me back immediately; I took my hat, and, after a four-miles' walk, arrived at Heathcliff's gardengate just in time to escape the first feathery flakes of a snowshower.

On that bleak hilltop the earth was hard with a black frost, and the air made me shiver through every limb. Being unable to remove the chain, I jumped over, and, running up the flagged causeway bordered with straggling gooseberrybushes, knocked vainly for admittance, till my knuckles tingled and the dogs howled.‘Wretched inmates! ' I ejaculated, mentally, ‘you deserve perpetual isolation from your species for your churlish inhospitality. At least, I would not keep my doors barred in the day-time. I don't care—I will get in! ' So resolved, I grasped the latch and shook it vehemently. Vinegar-faced Joseph projected his head from a round window of the barn.‘What are ye for? ' he shouted. ‘T' maister's down i' t' fowld. Go round by th' end o' t' laith,if ye went to spake to him.’‘Is there nobody inside to open the door? ' I hallooed, responsively.‘There's nobbut t' missis; and shoo'll not oppen ' t an ye mak' yer flaysome dins till neeght.’‘Why? Cannot you tell her whom I am, eh, Joseph? ’‘Nor-ne me! I'll hae no hend wi' t, ' muttered the head, vanishing.

The snow began to drive thickly. I seized the handle to essay another trial; when a young man without coat, and shouldering a pitchfork, appeared in the yard behind. He hailed me to follow him, and, after marching through a wash-house, and a paved area containing a coal-shed, pump, and pigeon-cot, we at length arrived in the huge, warm, cheerful apartment where I was formerly received. It glowed delightfully in the radiance of an immense fire, compounded of coal, peat, and wood; and near the table, laid for a plentiful evening meal, I was pleased to observe the ‘missis, ' an individual whose existence I had never previously suspected. I bowed and waited, thinking she would bid me take a seat. She looked at me, leaning back in her chair, and remained motionless and mute.‘Rough weather! ' I remarked. ‘I'm afraid, Mrs. Heathcliff, the door must bear the consequence of your servants' leisure attendance: I had hard work to make them hear me.’

She never opened her mouth. I stared—she stared also: at any rate, she kept her eyes on me in a cool, regardless manner, exceedingly embarrassing and disagreeable.‘Sit down, 'said the young man, gruffly. ‘He'll be in soon.’

I obeyed; and hemmed, and called the villain Juno, who deigned, at this second interview, to move the extreme tip of her tail, in token of owning my acquaintance.‘A beautiful animal! ' I commenced again. ‘Do you intend parting with the little ones, madam? ’‘They are not mine, 'said the amiable hostess, more repellingly than Heathcliff himself could have replied.‘Ah, your favourites are among these? ' I continued, turning to an obscure cushion full of something like cats.‘A strange choice of favourites! 'she observed scornfully.

Unluckily, it was a heap of dead rabbits. I hemmed once more, and drew closer to the hearth, repeating my comment on the wildness of the evening.‘You should not have come out, 'she said, rising and reaching from the chimney-piece two of the painted canisters.

Her position before was sheltered from the light; now, I had a distinct view of her whole figure and countenance. She was slender, and apparently scarcely past girlhood: an admirable form, and the most exquisite little face that I have ever had the pleasure of beholding; small features, very fair; flaxen ringlets, or rather golden, hanging loose on her delicate neck; and eyes, had they been agreeable in expression, that would have been irresistible: fortunately for my susceptible heart, the only sentiment they evinced hovered between scorn and a kind of desperation, singularly unnatural to be detected there. The canisters were almost out of her reach; I made a motion to aid her; she turned upon me as a miser might turn if any one attempted to assist him in counting his gold.‘I don't want your help, 'she snapped; ‘I can get them for myself.’‘I beg your pardon! ' I hastened to reply.‘Were you asked to tea? 'she demanded, tying an apron over her neat black frock, and standing with a spoonful of the leaf poised over the pot.‘I shall be glad to have a cup, ' I answered.‘Were you asked? 'she repeated.‘No, ' I said, half smiling. ‘You are the proper person to ask me.’

She flung the tea back, spoon and all, and resumed her chair in a pet; her forehead corrugated, and her red under-lip pushed out, like a child's ready to cry.

Meanwhile, the young man had slung on to his person a decidedly shabby upper garment, and, erecting himself before the blaze, looked down on me from the corner of his eyes, for all the world as if there were some mortal feud unavenged between us. I began to doubt whether he were a servant or not: his dress and speech were both rude, entirely devoid of the superiority observable in Mr. and Mrs. Heathcliff; his thick brown curls were rough and uncultivated, his whiskers encroached bearishly over his cheeks, and his hands were embrowned like those of a common labourer: still his bearing was free, almost haughty, and he showed none of a domestic's assiduity in attending on the lady of the house. In the absence of clear proofs of his condition, I deemed it best to abstain from noticing his curious conduct; and, five minutes afterwards, the entrance of Heathcliff relieved me, in some measure, from my uncomfortable state.‘You see, sir, I am come, according to promise! ' I exclaimed, assuming the cheerful; ‘and I fear I shall be weather-bound for half an hour, if you can afford me shelter during that space.'‘Half an hour? ' he said, shaking the white flakes from his clothes;

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