作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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2019年全国职称英语等级考试（卫生类B级）题库【历年真题＋章节题库＋模拟试题】试读：
第一部分 历年真题
2016年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解
第1部分：词汇选项(第1—15题，每题l分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.We are aware of the potential problems.
A. global
B. ongoing
C. possible
D. central【答案】C【解析】句意：我们意识到了潜在的问题。potential潜在的，可能存在的。possible可能的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。global全球的。ongoing持续存在的，不间断地。central中心的。因此，本题正确答案为C。
2.The revelation of his past led to his resignation.
A. imagination
B. disclosure
C. confirmation
D. recall【答案】B【解析】句意：对他的过往的揭发导致了他的离职。revelation揭露，透露，泄露。disclosure揭露，披露。二者意思相近，可进行替换。imagination想象力。confirmation确认，证实。recall召回，唤回；回想；罢免。因此，本题正确答案为B。
3.Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.
A. disabled
B. baby
C. pupil
D. teenager【答案】B【解析】句意：她的整体语言水平仍然停留在幼儿时期。toddler学步的小孩。baby婴幼儿。二者意思相近，可相互替换。disabled残疾的。pupil学生。teenager青少年。因此，本题正确答案为B。
4. All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.
A. out of control
B. in danger
C. between equals
D. in particular【答案】B【解析】句意：海边100米之内的房屋都有遭遇洪水的危险。at risk冒风险，冒危险。in danger处于危险之中。二者意思相近，可相互替换。out of control失控。between equals平等地。in particular特别地，尤其地。因此，本题正确答案为B。
5.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.
A. fear
B. joy
C. memory
D. hurt【答案】D【解析】句意：恐惧症可能源于童年时间的创伤。trauma痛苦的经历；精神上的创伤。hurt痛苦；伤害。二者意思相近，可相互替换。fear恐惧，担心。joy快乐，喜悦。memory记忆。因此，本题正确答案为D。
6. The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.
A. idea
B. term
C. aspect
D. coaching【答案】D【解析】句意：该课程教你关于汽车保养的基本知识。instruction指导；使用说明。coaching指导。二者意思相近，可相互替换。idea主意，想法。term术语；学期。aspect方面，面貌。因此，本题正确答案为D。
7. The new garment fits her perfectly.
A. haircut
B. purse
C. clothes
D. necklace【答案】C【解析】句意：这件新衣服很适合她。garment衣服，服装。clothes衣服。二者意思相近，可相互替换。haircut发型；理发。purse女士钱包。necklace项链。因此，本题正确答案为C。
8. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A. stable
B. suitable
C. adaptable
D. changeable【答案】D【解析】句意：我们十分担忧这个充满不确定性的动荡局势。fluid流动的；不确定的。changeable易变的，不稳定的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。stable稳定的。suitable适合的。adaptable可适应的，适应力强的。因此，本题正确答案为D。
9. You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.
A. jump
B. escape
C. prepare
D. run【答案】D【解析】句意：你要想赶上火车就快跑吧。sprint快跑，冲刺。run奔跑。二者意思相近，可相互替换。jump跳跃。escape逃跑，逃脱。prepare准备。因此，本题正确答案为D。
10. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.
A. warm
B. severe
C. hard
D. dry【答案】A【解析】句意：沿海地区的冬季，气候温和，而中部平原地区的冬季则十分寒冷。mild温和的，温暖的。warm温暖的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。severe严峻的，严重的。hard艰难的，困难的；努力地。dry干燥的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
11. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.
A. regulated
B. increased
C. fell
D. maintained【答案】C【解析】句意：有谣言称利率会上涨，这导致股票的市场价格因此而下跌。tumble暴跌，下跌。fall下降；跌倒。二者意思相近，可相互替换。regulate调节，调控。increase增加，上涨。maintain保持，维持。因此，本题正确答案为C。
12. They have built canals to irrigate the desert.
A. decorate
B. change
C. visit
D. water【答案】D【解析】句意：他们修建运河用来灌溉荒漠。irrigate灌溉。water灌溉，浇水。二者意思相近，可相互替换。decorate装饰，布置。change改变，变化。visit参观，拜访。因此，本题正确答案为D。
13. The idea was quite brilliant.
A. positive
B. key
C. original
D. clever【答案】D【解析】句意：这个主意好极了。brilliant绝妙的，出色的。clever聪明的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。positive积极的。key关键的。original原始的；独创的。因此，本题正确答案为D。
14. The details of the costume were totally authentic.
A. outstanding
B. real
C. creative
D. false【答案】B【解析】句意：服装道具的细节很逼真。authentic真实的，逼真的。real真实的，真正的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。outstanding杰出的，出色的。creative有创造力的。false错误的，虚假的。因此，本题正确答案为B。
15. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.
A. careless
B. strong
C. hard
D. cruel【答案】D【解析】句意：詹森是个十分危险的人，他有时候会很野蛮。brutal野蛮的，残暴的。cruel残忍的，残酷的。二者意思相近，可相互替换。careless粗心的。strong强壮的。hard艰难的，困难的。因此，本题正确答案为D。
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题l分。共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators(除颤器)and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest(心脏骤停).
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart’ s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’ s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending (潜在的)heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautem have developed a new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data more precise.
The overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only take into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use of a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says. “In this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
16. A new type of defibrillators can be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Cardiac arrest is caused mostly by disruption to the heart’s rhythm.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Defibrillators are useful in curing patients constantly under the threat of heart attack.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19.The new computer software is designed by a German Company.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The non-linear process has taken into account the individual variations in patients.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21.The early-warning software is unique in its data collection.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The researchers proved the validity of the new software via ECG data of an old study.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned【答案与解析】
16.A 定位：根据关键词a new type of defibrillators和prevent cardiovascular diseases可定位至第一段。
点睛：根据文章第一段，德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和早期预警软件，旨在为心脏病帮人提供更多的保护，使他们免遭心脏骤停导致的突然死亡。由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
17.A 定位：根据关键词cardiac arrest 和caused by disruption to the heart's rhythm可定位至第二段。
点睛：仅在德国每年就有大约十万人死于心脏骤停，其中大部分是由于心律中断导致的。由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
18.B 定位：defibrillators 和useful in curing patients under the threat of heart attack可定位至第二段。
点睛：几年来，除颤器被证实在诊断心律中断和在几秒内实施自动干涉以调整心律这些方面是十分有用的。由此可知，除颤器用于诊断和调整心律而非治疗心脏病，本题说法是错误的。因此，本题正确答案为B。
19.B 定位：根据关键词new computer software和 designed by Germany Company可定位至第三段。
点睛：凯瑟劳特的弗劳胡佛实用数学学院的研究者开发了一种新型的计算机软件。由此可知，设计软件的是研究者们而非公司，本题说法是错误的。因此，本题正确答案为B。
20.A 定位：根据关键词non-linear process和taken into account the individual variations可定位至第四段。
点睛：但是，我们现在正在使用的是能够将心脏跳动的混乱模式作为一个直观而又复杂的系统揭示出来的非线性处理方法，这样心脏跳动频率的变化就会受到监测，而病人个体特征也会得到考虑。由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
21.C 定位：根据关键词early-warning software和unique in data collection可定位至第一段和第二段。
点睛：这两段并未提到早期预警软件的数据收集方法。因此，本题正确答案为C。
22.A 定位：根据关键词prove the validity of new EGG data of an old study可定位至最后一段。
点睛：一项基于600位连续犯心脏病的患者的心电图数据研究使科学家们能够比较风险，结果显示新软件明显能更好地评估心电图数据。由此可知，本题说法是正确的。因此，本题正确答案为A。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Seek Health and Wellness
1 Whether you are busy studying or starting clerkship, it is absolutely essential to maintain health and well-being throughout your medical career. Some ways are useful in trying to stay healthy and active. Hopefully you can take them!
2 Staring at a laptop screen for a prolonged (长时间的)period of time not only dries out our eyes but also begins to take a toll on our efficiency. If you find yourself staring at the same slide for more than 15 minutes, take a nice walk outside!
3 Different types of nuts are great brain food! Nuts of any kind can easily be absorbed into your daily meals. They go great with milk and salads. To add in the nutritious value of nuts, they serve as a source of protein (蛋白质)while helping to raise HDL, the “good cholesterol (胆固醇)” in our bodies.
4 If you’re a coffee lover, try switching it up from time to time. Carbonated water is a good substitute every now and then. There are no calories, compared to regular sodas (碳酸饮料), and the carbonation adds a little fizz(嘶嘶声)that can help keep you awake and refreshed.
5 It’ s easy to feel nervous about medical practice, but if you keep your mind focused on the big picture and acknowledge what you’ve done instead of what you haven’t, your mindset will take a turn for the greater good. Being confident and staying positive changes your mood and outlook, making the workload more manageable.
6 We may have something called “puppy therapy”. It’s important to have something that is “your thing”, something that you enjoy doing that helps you connect with the outside world. That can be anything that can relax your mind and re-energize your body without taking a huge mass out of your busy day.
23.Paragraph 2________
24.Paragraph 3________
25.Paragraph 4________
26.Paragraph 5________
A. Eat some nuts
B. Think positive
C. Stare at the laptop screen
D. Reduce the workload schedule
E. Substitute coffee for a healthier drink
F. Take a walk
27.Health and wellness are needed in＿＿＿＿.
28.Puppy therapy refers to something that activates your＿＿＿＿.
29. To reduce anxiety of becoming a doctor, you need to set your mind on＿＿＿＿.
30.It’s advisable to replace coffee with＿＿＿＿.
A. a medical career B. an attentive mind C. nutritious nuts
D. carbonated water E. the greater good F. body and mind【答案与解析】
23.F 本文主要是提供一些有助于健康的建议。本段主要介绍长时间盯着电脑屏幕会导致视觉疲劳，工作效率降低；如果盯着同一张幻灯片看超过了15分钟，就该去外面走走了。F项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为F。
24.A 坚果有很高的营养价值，是蛋白质的来源之一，能帮助提高我们身体里的“好的胆固醇”的含量。A项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为A。
25.E 本段主要介绍苏打水可以替代咖啡，和普通的碳酸饮料相比，它不含脂肪，发出的嘶嘶声也能让人保持清醒。E项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为E。
26.B 本段主要介绍从医时很容易感到紧张，但是如果能专注于大局，认识到你所做的事情，而不是还没做的事情，你的心态就会向好的方向转变。积极自信的状态会改变你的情绪和观念，工作起来更得心应手。B项是针对本段内容所给出的建议。因此，正确答案为B。
27.A 定位：根据题干定位至第一段。
点睛：该段第一句话后半句提到，对于从事医疗职业而言，保持健康是十分有必要的。A选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为A。
28.F 定位：根据关键词“puppy therapy”可定位至原文最后一段。
点睛：根据最后一段的最后一句话可知，puppy therapy指的就是能够让你大脑放松，恢复活力，又不会占用大量时间的事情。F选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为F。
29.E 定位：根据题干可定位至第五段。
点睛：根据第五段第一句话可知，从医很容易感到紧张，但是专注于大局认识到你所做的事情，而不是还没做的事情，心态就会向好的方向转变。E选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为E。
30.D 定位：根据题干可定位至第四段。
点睛：根据第四段可知，苏打水可以替代咖啡，是一种很好的替代品。D选项与原文说法一致，因此，正确答案为D。
第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements
Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
Australian-born US citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme(酶)research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.
Among the pair’s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors (受体).
As usual, the tight-lipped award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm’ s Karolinska Institute.
Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite (炸药), established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden’s central bank.
Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.
Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (瑞典克朗)(US$1. 3 million)prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.
“Individual researchers probably don’t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they’re at work,” Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.”
In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase (端粒酶)to sustain (维持)their uncontrolled growth.
31. Who is most unlikely to win the Nobel Prize in medicine?
A. Carol Greider.
B. Pierre Chambon.
C. Hans Jornvall.
D. Elizabeth Blackburn.
32.Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?
A. He was from Sweden.
B. He left clear instructions on how to select winners.
C. He invented dynamite.
D. He established the Nobel Prizes in his will.
33. Originally the Nobel Prizes did NOT include＿＿＿＿＿.
A. the peace prize
B. the economics prize
C. the literature prize
D. the medicine prize3
34.The word “kicks” in Paragraph 8 probably means＿＿＿＿＿.
A. money B. respect C. knowledge D. enjoyment
35.Telomerase may play a key role in＿＿＿＿＿.
A. the unchecked growth of cancer cells
B. the killing of cancer cells
C. the division of normal cells
D. the transmission of viruses【答案与解析】
31.C 点睛：根据文章倒数第三段中“Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee…”可知，Hans Jornvall只是诺贝尔医学奖委员会的秘书，文章并没有提到他对医学的贡献，故答案为C项。
避错：文章第二段提到Elizabeth Blackburn和Carol Greider在诺贝尔奖的竞选中处于领先地位，故排除A、D项。第三段又提到Pierre Chambon是他们可能的竞争对手，故排除B项。
32.B 点睛：第六段第一句话提到“Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners”，所以在如何选出获奖者上，他给出了很少的指导，故B项表述错误，故答案为B项。
避错：根据第一句话中的“Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite (炸药), established the prizes in his will”可知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔来自于瑞典，发明了炸药，在他的遗嘱中提到创建诺贝尔奖，故A、C、D项均表述正确。
33.B 点睛：根据文章第五段中最后一句“The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden’s central bank.”可知，经济学奖严格来讲不是诺贝尔奖，而是后来设立的，故答案为B项。
34.D 定位：根据题干可定位至第八段。
点睛：第八段中Jornvall提到研究人员在研究的时候并不认为自己可能会获得诺贝尔奖，他们从他们的研究以及对生命运转方式的兴趣中获得乐趣，通过后面的“interest”一词推测，kicks的意思应该是“乐趣”，故答案为D项。
35.A 定位：根据Telomerase定位至最后一段最后一句。
点睛：根据最后一句“Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase (端粒酶) to sustain (维持) their uncontrolled growth.”可知，端粒酶是用来维持癌细胞疯狂生长的物质，故答案为A项。
第二篇 Ethnic Tensions in Belgium
Belgium has given the world Audrey Hepburn, Rene Magritte (surrealist artist), the saxophone (萨克斯)and deep-fried potato chips that are somehow called French.
But the story behind this fiat, twice-Beijing-size country is of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other. With no new government, more than a hundred days after a general election, rumors run wild that the country is about to disappear.
“We are two different nations, an artificial state. With nothing in common except a king, chocolate and beer,” said Filip Dewinter, the leader of the Flemish Bloc, the extreme-right Flemish party.
Radical Flemish separatists like Mr Dewinter want to divide the country horizontally along ethnic and economic lines: to the north, Flanders—where Dutch (known locally as Flemish) is spoken and money is increasingly made; to the south, French-speaking Wallonia, where today old factories dominate the landscape.
The area of present-day Belgium passed to the French in the 18th century. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, Belgium was given to the kingdom of the Netherlands, from which it gained independence as a separate kingdom in 1830.
Since then, it has struggled for cohesion(结合). Anyone who has spoken French in a Flemish city quickly gets a sense of the mutual hostility that is part of daily life there.
But there are reasons Belgium is likely to stay together, at least in the short term.
The economies of the two regions are tightly linked, and separation would be a financial nightmare.
But there is also deep resentment in Flanders that its much healthier economy must subsidize (补贴)the south, where unemployment is double that of the north. French speakers in the south, meanwhile, favor the status quo (现状).
Belgium has made it through previous threats of division. Although some political analysts believe this one is different, there is no panic just now.
“We must not worry too much,” said Baudouin Bruggeman, a 55-year-old school-teacher. “Belgium has survived on compromise since 1930. You have to remember that this is Magritte’s country, the country of surrealism. Anything can happen.”
36.Who was Magritte?
A. A surrealist artist. B. A French novelist.
C. A saxophonist. D. A separatist.
37.When did Belgium become an independent kingdom?
A. In 1800. B. In 1815. C. In 1830. D. In 1930.
38.Which statement about Belgium is NOT true?
A. It is twice as big as Beijing.
B. It has two major ethnic groups.
C. It has gone through quite a few threats of division.
D. It has no government.
39.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. Surrealist artists.
B. Belgium’ s economy.
C. Cultural clashes in Belgium.
D. Present-day Belgium.
40.The word “stand” in Paragraph 2 means＿＿＿＿.
A. handle
B. meet
C. bear
D. combine【答案与解析】
36.A 定位：根据Magritte定位至第一段。
点睛：第一段中提到“Audrey Hepburn Rene Magritte (surrealist artist)”，由此可知，马格利特是一位超现实主义艺术家。
37.C 定位：根据关键词an independent kingdom定位至第五段。
点睛：文章第五段最后一句提到“... it gained independence as a separate kingdom in 1830”，即自从1830年起，比利时获得独立，成为一个独立王国，故答案为C项。
38.D 点睛：文章第二段第二句提到“With no new government, more than a hundred days after a general election…”，由此可知，比利时并不是没有政府，只是没有新的政府，故D项表示不正确。
避错：根据文章第二段第一句“twice – Beijing – size country is of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other”可知，比利时是北京的两倍大，而且有两大主要的民族，故A、B项正确。文章倒数第二段第一句话提到“Belgium has made it through previous threats of division.”，因此比利时经历了几次分裂的威胁，故C项正确。
39.C 点睛：文章主要讲述了比利时不同文化下的不同民族之间冲突，并差点导致国家放分离，由此可知该文章主要讲的是比利时的文化冲突，故答案为C项。
40.C 定位：根据题干定位至第二段。
点睛：第二段中提到“But the story behind this flat, twice-Beijing-size country is of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other.”，根据a bad marriage可知，这两个民族虽然居住在一起，但并不能忍受对方。stand“忍受”，故答案为C项。
第三篇 How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear
Most people think of Beethoven’s hearing loss as an obstacle to composing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completely deaf.
This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will over adversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. Solomon argues that Beethoven’s deafness “heightened” his achievement as a composer. In his deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outside world, free to create new forms and harmonies.
Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicians who become deaf. They continue to “hear” music with as much, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played.
Michael Eagar, who died in 2003, became deaf at the age of 21. He described a phenomenon that happened within three months: “My former musical experiences began to play back to me. I couldn’t differentiate between what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to these playbacks, to ‘hear’ music which is new to me and to find many quiet accompaniments for all of my moods.”
How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both “out there” and at the same time within us? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus and internal perception than the cochlear implant(人工耳蜗). No man-made device could replace the ability to hear. However, it might be possible to use the brain’s remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.
When Michael Eagar first “switched on” his cochlear implant, the sounds he heard were not at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he began to identify everyday sounds. “The insistent ringing of the telephone became clear almost at once.”
The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication with others. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices “coming
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