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华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points, 1 point for each)
Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. Please explain your statement. I have no _____ what you are talking about.
A. contemplation
B. norm
C. notion
D. imagination【答案】C【解析】句意：请解释一下你的声明。我不明白你在说些什么。contemplation沉思。norm标准。notion概念。imagination想象。因此，本题的正确答案选C。th
2. On August 18 the president announced a general _____ for political exiles.
A. yoga
B. ado
C. quartet
D. amnesty【答案】D【解析】句意：8月18日，总统对政治流亡者颁布了一条特赦令。yoga瑜伽。ado忙乱。quartet四重唱。amnesty大赦。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
3. When two straight lines meet, _____ an angle.
A. formed
B. it is formed
C. they form
D. to form【答案】C【解析】句意：两条直线相交，就形成了一个夹角。该句中主句缺少主语与谓语动词，由从句可知，主语是指two straight lines，则主语用they，form用复数形式。因此，本题的正确答案选C。
4. It is not _____ much the language as the background that makes the novel difficult to understand.
A. that
B. that
C. so
D. very【答案】C【解析】句意：与其说语言不通，不如说是背景造成这部小说难以理解。not so much A as B为固定短语，意为“与其说是A，不如说是B”。因此，本题的正确答案选C。
5. The machine got somewhat eroded, but this oil will _____ it well.
A. extinct
B. decorate
C. illuminate
D. lubricate【答案】D【解析】句意：这个机器有点劳损，但是这种油有很好的润滑效果。extinct灭绝的。decorate装饰。illuminate照亮。lubricate 润滑。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
6. The digestive enzyme pepsin breaks down proteins into components _____ readily absorbed by the human body.
A. that can be
B. and are
C. which they
D. are to be【答案】A【解析】句意：胃蛋白消化酶能分解蛋白质，以便人体很快吸收。这里括号内的单词为先行词，引导的后面的句子为定语从句，用来修饰前面的components，又因为“被人体吸收”是被动语态，因此，本题的正确答案选A。
7. _____ the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
A. Whatever
B. Even though
C. In spite of
D. Regardless【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管随着时间的推移，文学作品中的英雄本色有所改变，但是其所起的模范作用恒久不变。whatever无论怎样。even though即使。in spite of sth.尽管。regardless (of sth.)尽管。因此，本题的正确答案选B。
8. The baby monkey _____ to its mother all day.
A. held
B. grasped
C. clung
D. stuck【答案】C【解析】句意：这只小猴子整天紧偎在母亲身边。hold拿着。grasp抓着。cling to紧偎，挨着。stick to坚持，粘着。其中stick指一个人或一个物体依附于另一个，也指互相依存，而cling一般指依附另一个人或另一物体，暗示必须受到支持、支撑。因此，本题的正确答案选C。
9. _____ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.
A. Looked
B. Looking
C. To look
D. Being looked【答案】A【解析】句意：这样看来，情况并没有那么让人绝望。句子主语是the situation，则look与主语之间的关系是被动关系，又因为当过去分词作伴随状语时，前面的be动词可以省略，则D选项排除。因此，本题的正确答案选A。
10. Because caricature tends to emphasize the peculiarities of a subject, _____ an effective vehicle for pictorial satire.
A. which is often
B. and often seen as
C. it is often
D. many of which are【答案】C【解析】句意：由于漫画着重强调一个物体的特点，因此它常常是用于图片讽刺的有效工具。because引导的是从句，后句是主句，因此只有C选项可以构成一个完整的句子。因此，本题的正确答案选C。
11. It is absolutely essential that Mary _____ her study in spite of some leaning difficulties.
A. will continue
B. continued
C. continue
D. continues【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管困难重重，但玛丽继续学习仍是非常重要的。It is essential that sb. (should) do sth.从句中应该用虚拟语气。因此，本题的正确答案选C。
12. Please _____ the staff that the inspectors will be here on Monday and let them make good preparations.
A. modify
B. ratify
C. rectify
D. notify【答案】D【解析】句意：检察人员将于周一到达，请通知全体员工做好准备。modify修改。ratify批准。rectify改正。notify通知。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
13. The meeting took on a different _____ after his moving speech.
A. presage
B. posture
C. travesty
D. trauma【答案】B【解析】句意：在他激动人心的演讲之后，会议上出现了不同的立场。presage预示。posture立场。travesty歪曲，曲解。trauma心灵创伤。因此，本题的正确答案选B。
14. In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the blind, _____ for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
A. that institutes
B. while instituted
C. was an institution
D. an institute【答案】D【解析】句意：19世纪，塞穆尔·格里德利·豪尔建立了帕金斯盲童学校。这所学校位于马萨诸塞州的波士顿。括号内引导的句子是the Perkins School for the blind的同位语从句，用于对其作进一步的解释说明，不作主句中的成分。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
15. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into powder _____.
A. water to be added
B. for adding water then
C. and water added
D. and then adding water【答案】D【解析】句意：史前人类将植物、粘土等磨成粉末并添加水制成颜料。adding water与grinding materials是by后面的并列动词。and then 是，然后。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
16. While she had the fever, she ______ for hours.
A. raved
B. sniggered
C. perforated
D. tittered【答案】A【解析】句意：她发烧时，胡言乱语了好几个小时。rave胡言乱语。snigger窃笑。perforate穿孔于……。titter傻笑。因此，本题的正确答案选A。
17. Seeing the General coming his way, the soldier stopped and gave him a smart _____.
A. toast
B. salute
C. tribute
D. solution【答案】A【解析】句意：看见将军朝他走过来，士兵停下来敬了一个漂亮的军礼。toast敬酒。salute敬礼。tribute哀悼。solution解决方法。因此，本题的正确答案选B。
18. Often very annoying weeds, _____ and act as hosts to many insect pests.
A. that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods
B. crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods
C. the goldenrods crowding out of less hardy plants
D. goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants【答案】D【解析】句意：麒麟草会排挤其他植物并给害虫提供生长环境，通常十分惹人讨厌。括号所在句子为主句，主句缺少主语。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
19. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will _____ you.
A. scale
B. scald
C. shun
D. shunt【答案】B【解析】句意：热水撒到皮肤上会烫伤。scale衡量。scald烫伤。shun避开。shunt使分流。因此，本题的正确答案选B。
20. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere _____ temperatures warmer than at present.
A. with experience of
B. experienced
C. experiencing
D. experience【答案】B【解析】句意：从公元前7000年开始，在接下来的四千年中，北半球大部分地区经历的温度比现在要高。从语境上分析可知，括号内所填单词为主句谓语动词，且时态是过去时。因此本题的正确答案选B。
21. Did you get any _____ when you are dismissed from your job?
A. fund
B. loan
C. bonus
D. compensation【答案】D【解析】句意：你失业时有没有拿到补偿金？fund基金。loan贷款。bonus奖金。compensation补偿金。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
22. When you are suffering from _____ you have red spots on your skin and you feel as if you have a cold.
A. apathy
B. schizophrenia
C. impotence
D. measles【答案】D【解析】句意：得了麻疹的感觉跟感冒一样，而且皮肤上会长小红点。apathy漠然，冷淡。schizophrenia精神分裂症。impotence阳痿。measles麻疹。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
23. He was _____ on the telephone so I asked him to speak more clearly.
A. muttering
B. grumbling
C. groping
D. shuddering【答案】A【解析】句意：他在电话里轻声低语，所以我让他说清楚一点。mutter轻声低语，喃喃自语。grumble抱怨，嘟囔。grope摸索，探索。shudder发抖，战栗。因此，本文的正确答案选A。
24. Now, with the _____ and popularity of the home computer, its advantages and disadvantages have been a subject of discussion.
A. adventure
B. advance
C. advent
D. adult【答案】C【解析】句意：如今，随着家庭电脑的出现和普及，它的利弊已成为了人们讨论的主题。adventure冒险。advance发展。advent出现。adult成年人。因此，本题的正确答案选C。
25. They _____ evidence and threatened witnesses not to tell the truth to anyone else.
A. produced
B. fabricated
C. created
D. manipulated【答案】B【解析】句意：他们伪造了证据，并恐吓目击者，不许他向任何人讲实话。produce生产。fabricate伪造。create创造。manipulate操纵。因此，本题的正确答案选B。
26. Is there any possible _____ explanation for his bad health since he seems to have no obvious disease?
A. psychiatric
B. psychological
C. surgical
D. physical【答案】B【解析】句意：因为他看起来没有明显的疾病，能否从心理学的角度解释他的健康问题？psychiatric精神病学的。psychological心理学的。surgical外科的。physical身体的。因此，本题的正确答案选B。
27. Many animals display _____ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.
A. cerebral
B. imperious
C. rueful
D. maternal【答案】D【解析】句意：许多动物只会在他们孩子年幼无助时才会显现出他们的母性。cerebral重理智的。imperious专横的。rueful悲伤的。maternal母性的。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
28. _____ the bad weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive.
A. Presumably
B. Respectively
C. Imaginably
D. Plausibly【答案】A【解析】句意：大概因为恶劣的天气致使飞机晚点，因此还有几个小时他们才能抵达。presumably大概。respectively分别地。imaginably可想象地。plausibly似真地。因此，本题的正确答案选A。
29. They send information every week, _____ whether it is useful or not.
A. in consideration of
B. irrespective of
C. with the exception of
D. with regard to【答案】B【解析】句意：他们每星期都发来信息，不管那些信息有没有用。in consideration of考虑到。irrespective of不管。with the exception of除了……以外。with regard to关于。因此，本题的正确答案选B。
30. Children of poor health are very _____ to colds in winter and should be taken care of particularly.
A. willing
B. ready
C. reluctant
D. prone【答案】D【解析】句意：身体差的孩子在冬天很容易就感冒，他们需要得到特别的关照。be willing to乐意做……。be ready to准备做……。be reluctant to不情愿做……。be prone to易于……。因此，本题的正确答案选D。
Part Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Section 1 Multiple choice questions (30 points, 3 points for each)
Directions: In this section there are 2 reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs.
Anecdotal reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Gold smith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.
Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach.” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeats level of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.
When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.
31. The main point the author is making about schools is that _____.
A. they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgrounds
B. they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented students
C. they should organize their classes according to the students ability
D. they should enroll as many gifted students as possible
32. The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachers _____.
A. to provide support for his argument
B. to illustrate the strong will of some gifted children
C. to explain how dull students can also be successful
D. to show how poor Oliver’s’ performance was at school
33. Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who _____.
A. paid no attention to their teachers in class
B. contradicted their teachers much too often
C. could not cope with their studies at school successfully
D. behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers
34. According to the passage author, the development of highly gifted students is attributed _____.
A. mainly to parental help and their education at home
B. both to school instruction and to their parents coaching
C. more to their parents’ encouragement than to school training
D. less to their systematic education than to their talent
35. The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that _____.
A. their nonconformity brought them a lot of trouble
B. they were seldom praised by their teachers
C. school courses failed to inspire or motivate them
D. teachers were usually far stricter than their parents【答案与解析】
31.B 作者在文中表达的观点是，天才学生经常觉得他们比老师知道的多，以及学校的功课没有挑战性。他们不循规蹈矩，而且很容易与老师发生冲突。由此推测，学校通常不能满足天才学生的需要。故选B。
32.A 推断题。由第一段以及第二段的第一句可知，作者引用名人轶事证明许多有成就的人对学校经历评价不高。因此，作者在文中第二段提及Oliver Goldsmiths的名言是为了证明自己的观点。故选A。
33.C 事实细节题。由第三段的第一、二句话可知，毕加索属于第一句话中所提到的，在学校里表现不好、天赋不是学术方面的天才。也就是说，毕加索不能很好地适应学校的学习。故选C。
34.A 事实细节题。由第四段的第一句话可知，天才学生认为相较于学校教育而言，他们在家所受到的教育对他们能力的发展更加重要。故选A。
35.C 全文主旨题。结合语篇分析和前面几道题可知，天才学生与学校之间锚段的焦点不在老师，而在于学校没能满足天才学生的需求，不能引起他们的兴趣。也就是说，学校不能给他们灵感，不能激励他们。故选C。
Passage 2
It came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statistics,” she said. “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13- year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.”
The Princess concluded with a simple message: “We must stop landmines”. And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed” and a “loose cannon”. The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms: “This is a distraction we do not need. All I’m trying to do is help.” Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines.
The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkidnd, claimed that the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards” a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”—For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.
36. Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 _____.
A. to clarify the British government’s stand on landmines
B. to establish her image as a friend ’of landmine victims
C. to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there
D. to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
37. What did Diana mean when she said “... putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me” (Paragraph 1)?
A. Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
B. She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
C. The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
D. Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.
38. Some members of the British government criticized Diana because _____.
A. she had not consulted the government before the visit
B. she was ill-informed of the government’s policy
C. they were actually opposed to banning landmines
D. they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
39. How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A. She made more: appearances on TV.
B. She paid no attention to them.
C. She rose to argue with her opponents.
D. She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
40. What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A. It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B. It had greatly promoted her popularity.
C. It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
D. It had affected her relations with the British government.【答案与解析】
36.D 事实细节题。由第一段第一句话可知，戴安娜王妃是去支持禁止地雷的运动的。故选D。
37.D 语义理解题。由第一段最后一句话可知，尽管戴安娜王妃早就从数据上知道了因地雷伤亡的人数，但是当她亲眼见到了人们的情况后，她才真正地感受到了现实的残酷。故选D。
38.C 语义推断题。由文章的第二段的第三句话可知，戴安娜王妃的言论被议会一些成员所反对，也因此他们指责戴安娜王妃“very ill-formed”。故选C。
39.B 语义推断题。根据关键词“criticism”，可以定位到文章的第二段的中间部分“The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms”，其中“brushing aside”意为“漠视、忽视”。故选B。
40.C 事实细节题。由最后一段的最后一句话可知，戴安娜王妃认为这次安哥拉之行使她能够有机会接近人们以及了解他们的困难。故选C。
Section 2 Answering questions (20 points, 4 points for each)
Directions: Read the following passages and the answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions following each passage. Use only information from the passage you have read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 3
At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told.
One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1,535.
The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relative’s opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the other’s feelings. Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons.
Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them “little preoccupation or regret”. Might that, too, be a lie? Perhaps. But there is evidence that this attitude toward casual use of prevarication is common.
For example, 20,000 middle-and-high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics—a nonprofit organization in Marina de Rey, Calif., devoted to character education. Ninety-two percent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and 73 percent characterized themselves as “serial liars”, meaning they told lies weekly. Despite these admissions, 91 percent of all respondents said they were “satisfied with my own ethics and character”.
Think how often we hear the expression “I’ll call you” or “The check is in the mail” or “I’m sorry, but he stepped out”. And then there are professions—lawyers, pundits, PR consultants—whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients’ needs.
Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reason we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. Consider, for example, a Southern California corporate executive whom I’ll call Tom. He goes with his wife and son to his mother-in-law’s home for Thanksgiving dinner every year. Tom dislikes her “special” pumpkin pie intensely. Invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoid hurting her feelings.“What’s wrong with that?” Tom asked Michael Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute. It’s a question we might all ask.
Josephson replied by asking Tom to consider the lie from his mother-in-law’s point of view. Suppose that one day Tom’s child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. Will she tell her son-in-law, “Thank you for caring so much?” Or is she more likely to feel hurt and say, “How could you have misled me all these years?”
And what might Tom’s mother-in-law now suspect about her own daughter? And will Tom’s boy lie to his parents and yet be satisfied with his own character?
How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don’t really mean it? Surely, these “nice lies” are harmless and well intended, a necessary social lubricant. But, like Tom, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walter Scot, who wrote, “What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive.”
Even seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences. Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on a slippery slope. “After the first lies, others can come more easily,” she wrote in her book Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. “Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar’s perception of his chances of being caught may warp.”
Take the pumpkin-pie lies. In the first place, it wasn’t just that he wanted his mother-in-law to feel good. Whether he realized it or not, he really wanted her to think highly of him. And after the initial deceit he needed to tell more lies to cover up the first one.
Who believes it anymore when they’re told that the person they want to reach by phone is “in a meeting”? By itself, that kind of lie is of no great consequence. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter.
Once they’ve become common enough, even the small untruth that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. “when (trust) is damaged,” warns Bok, “the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse.”
Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? Not necessarily. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of caring, “like telling children about the tooth fairy, or deceiving someone to set them up for a surprise party,” Josephson says. “Still, we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good.”
Josephson suggests a simple test. If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring? Or will he feel his long-term trust
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