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华南理工大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (30′)
1. OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织
2. BRIC【答案】金砖四国
3. MPA【答案】公共管理硕士
4. CIA【答案】中央情报局
5. NASA【答案】美国国家航空航天局
6. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织
7. IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会
8. Silicon Valley【答案】硅谷
9. trade surplus【答案】贸易顺差
10. carbon footprint【答案】碳足迹
11. Venture Capital【答案】风险资本
12. fixed asset【答案】固定资产
13. Value Added Tax【答案】增值税
14. Kyoto Protocol【答案】京都议定书
15. cast pearls before a swine【答案】对牛弹琴
16. 社保体系【答案】social security system
17. 不良贷款【答案】non-performing loan
18. 恶性循环【答案】vicious circle
19. 中介服务【答案】intermediary services
20. 不可再生资源【答案】non-renewable resources
21. 财政收入【答案】fiscal revenue
22. 多元文化社会【答案】multi-cultural society
23. 访问学者【答案】visiting scholar
24. 义务教育【答案】compulsory education
25. 森林覆盖率【答案】forest coverage rate
26. 基础设施建设【答案】infrastructure construction
27. 可持续发展战略【答案】strategy of sustainable development
28. 流动人口【答案】floating population
29. 实况转播【答案】live broadcast
30. 外交豁免权【答案】diplomatic immunity
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120′)
Source Text 1:On the Art of Living with Others
In the first place, if people are to live happily together, they must not fancy, because they are thrown together now, that all their lives have been exactly similar up to the present time, that they started exactly alike, and that they are to be for the future of the same mind. A thorough conviction of the difference of men is the great thing to be assured of in social knowledge: it is to life what Newton’s law is to astronomy. Sometimes men have a knowledge of it with regard to the world in general: they do not expect the outer world to agree with them in all points, but are vexed at not being able to drive their own tastes and opinions into those they live with. Diversities distress them. They will not see that there are many forms of virtue and wisdom.
Many of the rules for people living together in peace follow from the above. For instance, not to interfere unreasonably with others, not to ridicule their tastes, not to question and requestion their resolves, not to indulge in perpetual comment on their proceedings, and to delight in their having other pursuits than ours, are all based upon a thorough perception of the simple fact that they are not we.
If you would be loved as a companion, avoid unnecessary criticism upon those with whom you live. The number of people who have taken out judge’s patents for themselves is very large in any society. Now it would be hard for a man to live with another who was always criticising his actions, even if it were kindly and just criticism. It would be like living between the glasses of a microscope.【参考译文】论与人相处的艺术
首先，如果人们想幸福快乐地一起生活，就一定不能想当然地认为，既然他们现在已经相遇并在一起了，那么过去到现在，他们的生活都是一样的，开端一样而且以后也会以一样的思维继续生活。在社交生活知识中，人与人之间存在差异是根本定论，就像牛顿定律是天文学的根本定律一样。大千世界，有时候人类有这种认识：他们不求外界在所有问题上都能和他们观点一致，但是会因不能将自己的品味、想法灌输给身边的人而烦恼愠怒。差异使他们痛苦，他们不会明白其实美德和智慧有很多种形式。
人与人能和谐相处的许多规则都遵循刚刚提到的观点，比如，不要毫无理由地干涉他人，不要嘲笑他人的品味，不要质疑或反复质疑他人的决心，不要无休止地品论他人的事情，要为他人的追求与自己不同而感到高兴，所有这些都基于一个简单的事实——他们不是我们。
要想成为受喜爱的同伴，就要避免对共同生活的人不必要的挑剔苛求。任何团体中总有很多人自诩为“法官”行使权力。即使出于善意或提醒，人们也很难和一个总是挑剔自己行为的人生活，因为这种生活就如同放在了显微镜下。
Source Text 2:
一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险峻。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。
人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人走到平坦的地方，固然高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈发能感到一种冒险的美趣。【参考译文】
A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side, its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs, winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn. A nation, in the course of its development, fares likewise.
The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey. A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad, level plain, now a rugged, hazardous road. While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place, he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place, the enormously magnificent spectacle of which, he feels, is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.
2012年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. If the original is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the original is in Chinese, its target language is English. (30′)
1. WHO【答案】世界卫生组织
2. MOU【答案】谅解备忘录
3. CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数
4. isotope【答案】同位素
5. Zeitgeist【答案】时代精神
6. Orientalism【答案】东方主义
7. referendum【答案】全民投票
8. Eurozone【答案】欧元区
9. loan defaulter【答案】拖欠贷款者
10. nuclear deterrent【答案】核威慑
11. public prosecutor【答案】检察官；[法]公诉人
12. social contract【答案】社会契约
13. Skopos Theory【答案】目的论
14. in a nutshell【答案】简言之
15. pull one’s leg【答案】开玩笑
16. 《诗经》【答案】The Book of Songs
17. 认知心理学【答案】cognitive psychology
18. 反垄断法【答案】anti-monopoly law
19. 科学发展观【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development
20. 裙带关系【答案】nepotism
21. 外向型经济【答案】export-oriented economy
22. 自主创新【答案】independent innovation
23. 综合国力【答案】comprehensive national strength
24. 科教兴国战略【答案】the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education
25. 扩大内需【答案】expand domestic demand
26. 自负盈亏【答案】self-financing
27. 转基因食品【答案】genetically modified food
28. 法人【答案】legal person
29. 次贷危机【答案】subprime crisis
30. 经济制裁【答案】economic sanctions
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into Chinese. (60′)
Source Text 1:
In a field of that distant, half-neglected farm, I found an avenue of great elms leading to nothing. But I could see where the wheat-bearing earth had been leveled into a terrace; and in one corner there were broken, overgrown, gateposts, almost hid among great straggling trees. This, then, was the place I had come to see. Here had stood the great house or palace, with its terraces, and gardens, and artificial waters; this field had once been the favourite resort of Eighteenth-century Fashion; the Duchess and Beauties had driven hither in their gilt coaches. And although the house had long since vanished, and the plough had gone over its pleasant places, yet for a moment I seemed to see this fine company under the green of that great avenue and hear the gossip of their voices as they passed on into the shadows.【参考译文】
在那个遥远而又几乎被人们遗忘的农场里，我发现了一条一望无垠的大道，大道上长满了大榆树。但是我可以看到，那些小麦地已经被夷为平地了；角落里是破碎而高耸的门柱，几乎隐藏在巨大的树木丛中。这就是我所见过的地方。这里曾经是一座大房子或宫殿，有露台、花园和人工水域；这片区域曾经是十八世纪最受欢迎的旅游胜地；公爵夫人和美女们驾着他们的镀金马车来到这里。尽管这所房子早已消失了，犁也已经翻平了这片乐土，然而，有那么一会儿，我仿佛看到了林荫大道下成群结伴的行人，听到他们穿过林荫道时的闲聊声。
Source Text 2:
Rapid transportation, modern architectural forms, methods of building up cities, and the architecture of cyberspaces all reflect the ability of our mind to cope with the spatial fractures that are produced by these things. If we are lucky enough to have the kind of mind that can make sense of a world filled with the heavy distortions of space and time that have been wrought by modern technology, then why fight it? After all, such technology has its advantages. We can’t go back to being wild savages loping across the plains of the savannah. Instead, we need to find the way ahead. But in finding this way, we need to first make sure we understand where we have come from, why so many of us value our natural heritage, and what we stand to gain from its preservation. Leaving aside the apocalyptic visions of seas boiling dry from global warming or untold millions of human beings dying slowly from the cumulative effects of toxins in our water, soil, and air, there is a much simpler rationale for our wanting to find ways to heal the spatial rifts that lie between us and the rest of the natural world: contact with nature is good for our minds.【参考译文】
快速交通、现代建筑形式、城市建设的方法以及网络空间的结构都反映了我们处理这些事物产生的空间裂缝的思维能力。如果我们足够幸运，能有这样一种思维能力来理解充满了现代科技所带来的空间和时间严重扭曲的世界，那为什么还要与之斗争呢？毕竟，这样的技术有它自身的优势。我们不能变回迈步穿过大草原的野蛮人，相反，我们需要找到前进的道路。但是在寻找这种方法的过程中，我们首先要确保我们清楚自己来自哪里，为什么那么多的人重视我们的自然遗产，以及我们能从保护自然遗产中得到什么。撇开全球变暖导致的海平面上升的末日景象不谈，亦不考虑无数的人类正在慢慢地因我们的水、土壤和空气中累积的毒素而死去，我们想找到治疗空间裂缝的方法有一个更简单的理由（这些裂缝存在于我们和自然界其余部分之间）：接触大自然对我们的思想有好处。
Ⅲ. Directions: Translate the following source text into English. (60′)
学院请来一位洋教师。他每每与中国学生聊天，聊到可笑之处时，他不笑，脸上也没表情；可是有时毫不可笑的事，他会冷不防放声大笑，笑得仰面朝天，几乎连人带椅子要翻过去。常使中国学生面面相觑，不知这位洋教师是不是神经有问题。
一天，洋教师出题，考查学生们用洋文作文的水准。中国学生很灵，一挥而就。洋教师评出了最佳作文一篇，学生们听后大为不解，这种通篇说谎的文章怎么能被评为“最佳”？原来这篇作文是写学校食堂。写作文的学生人很老实，胆子又小，生怕得罪校方，妨碍将来毕业，便不顾真假，胡编乱造，竭力美化，唱赞歌。洋教师明知学校食堂糟糕透顶，为什么偏要选这篇作文？
洋教师说：“这文章写得当然好，而且绝妙无比。”他拿起作文念起来，“我们学校最美的地方，不是教室，不是操场，而是食堂。瞧，玻璃干净得几乎叫你看不到它的存在——”怎么会是幽默？大家还没弄明白。洋教师接着念道：“如果你不小心在学校食堂跌了一跤，你会惊奇地发现你并没跌跤，因为你身上半点尘土也没留下……”学生们忽然明白了什么。洋教师一边笑，一边继续往下念：“食堂天天的饭菜有多么精美、多么丰富、多么解馋！只有在学校食堂里，你才会感到吃饭是一种地道的享受……”忽然，学生们爆发起大笑来。依照这种思维，我们会从身边发现多少聪明、机智、绝妙、令人捧腹的好文章！【参考译文】
Our institute employed an English teacher. He never laughed when he chatted with his Chinese students on amusing stories, nor did his face show any expression. However, when it came to topics of the dullest nature, he would burst into uncontrollable laughter, roaring while rocking in his chair, almost falling flat on his back. The students would then look at each other, wondering if he was in his right mind.
One day he set the students an essay to see how well they could write in English. That was simple. And his students, quick at writing, finished it at one go and turned it in no time. He picked one that he thought the best. When he read it out to the students, they were greatly perplexed. Of all the comments, why did he like this one best? Not a single word of it was true. It was about the campus cafeteria and the author was a peaceable and timid guy. In order not to offend the school authorities-a decisive factor: concerning his graduation-he had made up a high-sounding story in praise of the cafeteria regardless of reality. The teacher was as well aware of the cafeteria’s terrible conditions, but why should this piece in particular have appealed to him so much?“This is undoubtedly a good one,” the teacher insisted. “Unprecedentedly good!” He began to read. “The most beautiful spot on campus is not the classroom building, nor the sports ground, it is our cafeteria. Look! The windowpanes are so clean that you scarcely notice there is glass there-” Humorous? But what was humorous about it? The students were puzzled. “If you were not careful enough,” the teacher continued, “and had a fall on the floor, you would be amazed to find that you had not fallen at all because you did not get a single particle of dust on your clothes. By now the students seemed to be cottoning on. The teacher went on his reading punctuated by fits of laughter. “How wonderfully is the food cooked here! What a great variety of dishes you have here and how well your appetite is satisfied! In fact it is only at the cafeteria of the institute that you eating enjoyable...” Suddenly the students laughed, rocking the classroom with their laughter. Following this logic, God knows how many articles we would be able to produce, articles that are just as well-worded, quick-witted, artfully-conceived and set you rolling with laughter!
2013年华南理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, with one point for each. (30′)
1. PDA【答案】个人数字助理
2. UPI【答案】合众国际社
3. OEM【答案】原始设备制造商
4. NYSE【答案】纽约证券交易所
5. IAEA【答案】国际原子能组织
6. Obama Care【答案】奥巴马医改
7. box office【答案】票房
8. audience rating【答案】收视率
9. null and void【答案】无效的
10. force majeure【答案】不可抗力
11. insurance policy【答案】保险单
12. bill of exchange【答案】汇票
13. well-informed source【答案】消息灵通人士
14. inflation-proof deposit【答案】保值储蓄
15. export-oriented economy【答案】外向型经济
16. 工业明胶【答案】technical gelatin
17. 行政审批【答案】government review and approval
18. 版税收入【答案】royalty income
19. 医疗卫生机构【答案】medical and health organization
20. 固有领土【答案】inherent territory
21. 学术诚信【答案】academic integrity
22. 国际仲裁【答案】international arbitration
23. 空气质量监测【答案】air quality monitoring
24. 佛经【答案】Buddhist scriptures
25. 逾期贷款【答案】past due loans
26. 衔接与连贯【答案】cohesion and coherence
27. 司法公正【答案】judicial fairness
28. 重大疾病保险【答案】critical illness insurance
29. 大陆架【答案】continental shelf
30. 运载火箭【答案】carrier rocket
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following source text into Chinese. (60′)
George Washington, wealthy planter and fox hunting sportsman, was without a trace of Puritanism. He was so completely indifferent to its pious irascibilities that he appears never to have made any comment on them. Indeed, he seemed, according to the evidence, to have had no instinct or feeling for religion, although he attended church twelve or fifteen times a year.
The name of Jesus Christ is not mentioned even once in the vast collection of Washington’s published letters. He refers to Providence in numerous letters, but he used the term in such a way as to indicate that he considered Providence as a synonym for Destiny or Fate. Bishop White, who knew him well for many years, wrote after Washington’s death that he had never heard him express an opinion on any religious subject. He added that although Washington was “serious and attentive” in church, he never saw him kneel in prayer.
Nevertheless, he believed in the stabilizing power of religion. He
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