计算机专业英语(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-20 22:29:56

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作者:郭文琦,范佩芳,等

出版社:电子工业出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

计算机专业英语

计算机专业英语试读:

前言

高等职业教育院校是为社会培养高素质、技能型人才,以注重理论与实践一体化教学为中心,以不断提高学生的动手、动脑以及手脑并用的能力为目的。新世纪信息技术的专业人才,不仅需要掌握扎实的专业基础知识和基本技能,还应当具备一定的英语运用能力,高职高专院校学生更应该注重英语运用能力的培养。因此从高职高专院校的人才培养要求出发,我们编写了这本《计算机专业英语》。

本教程依照“教、学、做”一体的专业英语课程教学大纲,针对高职院校计算机专业学生的基础和接受能力,教材内容和难度适中,实用性强,力求做到“现在所学”与“职业所有”接轨。本教材根据“项目教学”的理念展开,采用了知识点配合实例的方法,充分体现了计算机英语的可操作性、现代性、科学性和趣味性。

全书共分六个项目:Computer Hardware、Computer Software、Computer Network、Computer Security、E-Commerce、Multimedia。每个项目采用结构化设计思路,分成四个部分,分别是理论学习、实践学习、职场英语和模拟写作。理论学习部分有阅读和快速阅读,阅读紧扣主题,以综述性为主,每篇文章都附有单词注解和重点词或概念注释;快速阅读附有注释和练习,训练学生快速找出文章和段落的主题思想的能力。实践部分要求学生在全英的环境下,在专业教师的指导下在实验室完成相应的任务,旨在拓展学生的计算机专业英语实际应用能力,使学生完成专业任务的过程中巩固和检验理论知识的学习情况。针对计算机职业岗位的需求,设计了职场英语部分,模拟实际工作环境进行未来工作岗位职场英语对话,使学生在工作岗位中(或求职过程中)真正做到会听、会说、会用。同时,根据当前企业涉外业务日渐增多的趋势,还增加了商务英语写作,以求全面提高学生计算机专业英语的应用水平。另外,本书各个项目都配有同步配套的练习题,附有阅读和情境对话的参考译文、习题参考答案、计算机专业常用英语词汇表和缩略词汇表。

本教材由东莞职业技术学院郭文琦、酒泉职业技术学院范佩芳、哈尔滨远东理工学院马桂英担任主编,江苏省扬州技师学院汪明星、克拉玛依职业技术学院周洁、石家庄职业技术学院张玉松担任副主编,江苏省扬州技师学院肖莉莉、邱卉担任编委,本教材由范佩芳统稿。

本书的编写参考了大量的文献和资料,特别是华硕、微软、思科、瑞星、佳能和eBay等公司的相关资料,编者谨向以上公司表示由衷的谢意!由于编者水平有限,书中难免存在疏漏之处,欢迎大家批评指正,衷心希望广大使用者尤其是任课教师提出宝贵的修订意见和建议,以便再版时及时加以修正。

为了使本书更好地服务于授课教师的教学,我们为本书配了教学讲义,期中、末考卷答案,拓展资源,教学案例演练,素材库,教学检测,案例库,PPT课件和课后习题、答案。请使用本书作为教材授课的教师,如果需要本书的教学软件,可到华信教育资源网www.hxedu.com.cn下载。如有问题可与我们联系,联系电话:(010)69730296、13331005816。编者2017年7月

Project One Computer Hardware

Part A Theoretical learning

Training Target

In this part,our target is to improve the speed of reading professional articles and the comprehension ability of the reader.We have marked key words in some paragraphs so the reader can grasp the main idea of the paragraph.Reading

Computer Hardware

Computer is a system,consisting of many components.The devices you can actually see and feel are hardware,upon which an operating system can be installed,like Windows 7,and a multitude of software to perform the operator's desired functions.The system programs,such as operating system,and application programs are called software.

Though a computer appears in many different forms,every computer is made up of the following five basic hardware components:arithmetical and logical unit (ALU),control unit,main memory,input device and output device.They are indispensable components of computer,and have their own functions.The arithmetical and logical unit can conduct various data operations including arithmetic operations,namely addition,subtraction,multiplication and division,and logical judgment,such as"and","or","non",data comparison and shift operation,etc.The control unit is the central place part of computer systems,which command and coordinate each parts of the computer to work methodically in order to accomplish the predetermined task.Both components above are known as Central Processing Units (CPU).The primary function of main memory is to storage programs and data,and complete accessing at high-speed automatically.The input device and output device,that is I/O devices (input/output) devices,finish inputting and outputting various programs and data from and to peripheral equipment.

A computer is composed of multiple physical components.A typical desktop system is made up of a system unit,a monitor,a keyboard,and a mouse shown in Figure1.The motherboard,hard disk,CD-ROM drive,and some other important components are built into a chassis as system unit in good order.The notebook computers probably have most of the same components as desktop system.Only in the latter's case are the components all integrated into a single book-sized portable unit.

The motherboard is the central Printed Circuit Board (PCB),which is sometimes alternatively known as a mainboard,or system board.The other components of the system communicate with each other by the electrical connections provided by the motherboard,and also integrate some computer modules.The modules directly attached to the motherboard include the Central Processing Unit (CPU),RAM memory,video display controller,sound card,network adaptor,etc.Among them,the core clock of CPU and the size of RAM memory are the direct indication to measure computer performance.The well-known motherboards such as Asus,MSI and GIGABYTE are the mainstream brand and play an important role in the market at present.For example,ASUS Rampage II Gene motherboard shown in Figure 2 coming into the market at the beginning of the year,is a high-performance motherboard,which adopts the Intel X58 Express Chipset and supports the latest Intel(R) Core™i7 Processors and DDR3 memory.Some experts believe that it will be popular with game fans.Figure 1Figure 2

Hard disk and CD-ROM drive are essential devices to store multimedia information.With the rapid increasing of multimedia data,large-capacity storage devices are becoming more and more important.Flash drive,which is integrated with a USB interface and is typically small,lightweight,and rewritable,is a common removable storage device.The capacities range from hundreds of megabytes to (R)tens of gigabytes.Aigo L8269 is a latest USB flash storage device,which holds 32GB storage capacity and 480Mbps data transfer rate.With the development of multimedia technology,the removable storage devices with greater capacity and better performance will emerge continuously.

The input/output devices such as monitor,keyboard,and mouse are the common peripherals.With the technical progressing,more devices can be connected to a computer through wires or without wires for data communication so that the performance of computer and peripherals can work better.The most universal external equipment is mobile phones,digital cameras,MP4,etc.We guess you must have several devices like these at home.

Keywords

computer hardware 计算机硬件

application program 应用程序

input device 输入设备

addition 加法

multiplication 乘法

comparison 关系运算“比较”

high-speed 高速的

keyboard 键盘

motherboard 主板

desktop system 台式计算机

sound card 声卡

core clock 主频

flash drive 闪存驱动器

mobile phone 移动电话

operating system 操作系统

main memory 主存储器

output device 输出设备

subtraction 减法

division 除法

shift operation 移位操作

monitor 显示器

mouse 鼠标

hard disk 硬盘

video display 视频显示

network adaptor 网络适配器

chipset 芯片组

peripheral 外设

digital camera 数码相机

Notes(1) ALU (Arithmetical and Logical Unit),算术逻辑运算单元。(2) CPU (Central Processing Unit),中央处理器。(3) I/O (Input/Output),输入/输出。(4) PCB (Printed Circuit Board),印刷电路板。(5) USB (Universal Serial Bus),Intel公司开发的通用串行总线架构。(6) DDR (Double Data Rate),双数据速率。(7) MP4 (MPEG Audio Video Layer 4),一种音频兼视频的压缩格式,MP3的升级版本,也指MP4格式的便携式视频播放器。

Exercises

I.Questions you need to answer based upon your reading.

1.Which five basic parts does the computer include?

2.What is the main function of the motherboard?

3.How about the developing trend of removable storage devices in the future?

II.Mark the following sentence with T (true) or F (false) according to the text.

() 1.Every computer has five basic hardware components:ALU,control unit,main memory,Input device,output device.

() 2.Computer can carry out addition,subtraction,multiplication and division only.

() 3.The ALU and control unit are known as CPU.

() 4.The notebook computers have entirely different components to desktop system.

() 5.A motherboard provides the electrical connections integrating some computer modules.

() 6.The core clock of CPU is one of the direct indications to measure computer performance.

() 7.Large-capacity storage device is becoming important increasingly.

() 8.All devices connected to a computer for data communication are wired.

III.Select option from group B to fill in the brackets according to group A.

参考译文

计算机硬件

计算机是一个由很多零部件构成的系统。你看得见、摸得着的组件就是硬件,它可以安装操作系统,如Windows 7,以及各种软件以执行操作者所希望的功能。系统程序(如操作系统)与应用程序都称为软件。

虽然计算机有很多不同的形式,但每台计算机基本上都有五个组成部分:运算单元、控制器、主存储器、输入设备和输出设备,它们都是计算机不可或缺的组件,并且都有各自的功能。逻辑单元处理各种各样的数据运算包括算术运算,也就是加法、减法、乘法和除法、逻辑判断,如“和”,“或”,“非”等,以及数据比较和移位运算等。控制器是计算机系统的中心,它支配和协调计算机的各个部件有条不紊地工作以完成预定的任务。以上这两个部件被合称为中央处理器。主存储器的主要功能是存储程序和数据,高速自动地完成存取。输入设备和输出设备,即输入/输出设备,完成各种程序与数据从外部设备的输入及将各种程序与数据输出到外部设备。

计算机包括多种物理组件。典型的台式计算机是由主机、显示器、键盘、鼠标等组成(如图1所示)。主板、硬盘、光盘驱动器和其他一些重要的零组件被装进机箱,称为主机。笔记本计算机的大部分组件与台式计算机相同,只是它的零组件都整合到了一个笔记本样子的便携式装置中。

主板也就是中心印制电路板,它也被称为主机板或系统板。系统的其他零部件通过主板提供的电路连接来通信,并且整合计算机的一些重要组件。直接插到主板上的组件有CPU、随机存储器、显卡、声卡、网卡等。其中,CPU主频和随机存储器的容量作为衡量计算机性能的重要指标。熟知的主板如华硕、微星和技嘉都是主流品牌,在当前的市场上占重要份额。例如,华硕Rampage II Gene主板年初上市,是一种高性能的主板,它采取Intel X58 高速芯片组并且支持最新的Intel Core i7处理器和DDR3内存。一些业内人士相信它将会被游戏爱好者们追捧。

硬件和光盘驱动器是不可少的媒体信息存储设备。随着多媒体数据的猛增,大容量存储设备变得越来越重要。闪存存储器整合了USB接口,特别小巧、轻便,且可重复写,是当前非常普遍的可移动存储设备,其存储容量从几百兆字节到数以亿计字节不等。爱国者L8269是一款容量为32GB、传输速率达480 Mb/s的最新闪存设备。随着多媒体技术的发展,具有更大容量与更好性能的可移动存储设备将不断出现。

输入/输出设备例如显示器、键盘和鼠标都是最普通的外部设备(也叫外设)。随着技术的进步,越来越多的设备能与计算机通过有线或无线的方式连接来进行数据通信。这样,计算机与外围设备的性能都能获得更好的发挥。最通用的外设有移动电话、数码相机、MP4等。我们猜你家里肯定也有几个这样的设备。Fast reading

Four Kinds of Computers

Computers are electronic devices that can follow instructions to accept input,process that input,and produce information.There are four types of computers:microcomputers,minicomputers,mainframe computers,and supercomputers.Microcomputers,also known as personal computers,are small computers that can fit on a desktop.Portable microcomputers can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand.Microcomputers are used in homes,schools,and industry.Today nearly every field uses microcomputers.

One type of microcomputer that is rapidly growing in popularity is the portable computer,which can be easily carried around.There are four categories of portable computers.

Laptops:laptops,which weigh between 10 and 16 pounds,may be AC-powered,battery-powered,or both.The AC-powered laptop weighs 12 to 16 pounds.The battery-powered laptop weighs 10 to 15 pounds,batteries included,and can be carried on a shoulder strap.

Notebook PCs:notebook personal computers weigh between 5 and 10 pounds and can fit into most briefcases.It is especially valuable in locations where electrical connections are not available.Notebook computers are the most popular portable computers today.

Subnotebooks:subnotebooks are for frequent flyers and life-on-the-road types.[1] Subnotebooks users give up a full-size display screen and keyboard in exchange for less weight.Weighting between 2 and 6 pounds,these computer fit easily into a briefcase.

Personal Digital Assistants:much smaller than even the subnotebooks.Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) weigh from 1 to 4 pounds.The typical PDA combines pen input,writing recognition,personal organizational tools,and communication capabilities in a very small package.Minicomputers,also knows as midrange computers,are desk-sized machines.[2]They fall into between microcomputers and mainframes in their processing speeds and data-storing capacities.Medium-size companies or departments of large companies typically use them for specific purposes.For example,they might use them to do research or to monitor a particular manufacturing process.Smaller-size companies typically use microcomputers for their general data processing needs,such as accounting.

Mainframe computers are larger computers occupying specially wired,air-conditioned rooms and capable of great processing speeds and data storage.They are used by large organizations business,banks,universities,government agencies—to handle millions of transactions.For example,insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders.

Supercomputers are special,high-capacity computers used by very large organizations principally for research purposes.Among their uses are oil exploration and worldwide weather forecasting.

In general,a computer's type is determined by the following seven factors:

The type of CPU. Microcomputers use microprocessors.The larger computers tend to use CPUs made up of separate,high-speed,sophisticated components.

The amount of main memory the CPU can use. A computer equipped with a large amount of main memory can support more sophisticated programs and can even hold several different programs in memory at the same time.

The capacity of the storage devices. The larger computers systems tend to be equipped with higher capacity storage devices.

The speed of the output devices. [3]The speed of microcomputer output devices tends to be rated in terms of the number of characters per second (cps) that can be printedusually in tens and hundreds of cps.Larger computers'output devices are faster and are usually rated at speeds of hundreds or thousands of lines that can be printed per minute.

The processing speed in millions of instructions per second (mips). The term instruction is used here to describe a basic task the software asks the computer to perform while also identifying the data to be affected.The processing speed of the smaller computers ranges from 7 to 40 mips.The speed of large computers can be 30 to 150 mips or more,and supercomputers can process more than 200 mips.In other words,a mainframe computer can process your data a great deal faster than a microcomputer can.

The number of users that can access the computer at one time. Most small computers can support only a single user,some can support as many as two or three at a time.Large computers can support hundreds of users simultaneously.

The cost of the computer system. Business systems can cost as little as $500 (for a microcomputer) or as much as$10 million (for a mainframe) and much more for supercomputer.

Notes

1.Subnotebooks users give up a full size display screen and keyboard in exchange for less weight.

in exchange for less weight是介词短语作目的状语,为了换取较小的重量。

超轻薄笔记本电脑用户为了较轻的重量放弃了完整的显示屏幕和键盘的标准尺寸,但换来的是重量较轻。

2.They fall in between microcomputers and mainframes in their processing speeds and data-storing capacities.

句中They指的是小型计算机,fall in是词组,有介于、属于的意思,in their processing speeds and data-storing capacities是介词短语作状语。

小型计算机在处理速度和数据存储能力方面介于微型机和大型机之间。

3.The speed of microcomputer output devices tends to be rated in terms of the number of characters per second (cps) that can be printed--usually in tens and hundreds of cps.

句中to be rated是动词不定式的被动语态作目的状语,in terms of有依据、用……来表示之意。that can…是定语从句,修饰characters。

微机输出设备的速度倾向于用每秒钟能打印的字符数(cps)予以度量,通常为每秒钟几十个、几百个字符。

Exerices:

I.Write true or false for the following statements according to the passage.

1.()Computers are electronic devices that can perform tasks automatically.

2.()Portable computers can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand.

3.()Portable computers are AC-powered,battery-powered,or both.

4.()All portable computers can fit in briefcase.

5.()Subnotebooks have a full-size display screen and keyboard.

6.()The capacity of the storage devices is a main factor that affects the property of computers.

7.()Most microcomputers are single-user systems.

8.()Depending on the passage,supercomputers have the largest capacity storage devices.

9.()The term instruction used in the passage only describe a basic task the software asks the computer to perform.

10.()Ordinary users have chances to contact with supercomputers.

II.Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.

1.electronic device

2.personal compute

3.processing speed

4.high-capacity

5.battery-powered

6.portable computer

7.writing recognition

8.storage device

9.supercomputer

10.mainframe

参考译文

四类计算机

计算机是根据指令接收输入,处理输入数据并产生信息的电子设备。有四种类型的计算机:微型机、小型机、大型机和巨型机。

微型计算机,亦被称为个人计算机,是可以放在桌面上的小的计算机。便携式微型机可以放入手提箱,甚至手掌中。微型机被用于家庭、学校及工业中。如今几乎每一领域都在使用微型机。

正在迅速普及的一种微型机是便携式计算机,很易于四处携带。有四种类型的便携式计算机。

膝上电脑:其重量在 10~16 磅之间,可以是交流供电,电池供电或两者均可。交流供电的膝上电脑重量在12~16磅之间。电池供电的膝上电脑的重量,包括电池在内是10~15磅之间,可以用肩带背起来携带。

笔记本个人电脑:其重量在5~10磅之间,并且可放入大多数公文包中,它主要是用于连接电源不方便的地方。笔记本电脑是如今最流行的便携式电脑。

超轻薄笔记本电脑:用于经常出差在路上的一类人。超轻薄笔记本电脑用户为了较轻的重量放弃了完整的显示屏幕和键盘的标准尺寸,但换来的是重量较轻。其重量在 2~6磅之间,可以很容易地放入公文包中。

个人数字助手:比超轻薄笔记本电脑还要小得多,其重量在 1~4 磅之间。典型的个人数字助手将钢笔输入、书写识别、个人编排工具和通信功能结合起来放入小包中。

小型计算机,也被称为中型机,是像书桌大小的机器。它们的处理速度和数据存储能力介于微型机和大型机之间。中型公司或大型公司的部门一般把它们用于特殊用途。例如,可以使用它们作研究或监视某一个生产过程。小型公司一般使用小型机进行总的数据处理,比如说统计。

大型机是较大的计算机,放置在具有专线、空调的房间中,能够具有很快的处理速度和很大的数据存储量。它们通常是由一些大的组织机构使用——商业部门、银行、大学、政府机构——以处理数以百万计的事务。例如,保险公司使用大型机以处理数以百万计的保险客户的信息。

巨型机是由非常大的机构用于研究的大容量专用计算机。在这些应用中包括石油勘探和世界范围的天气预报。

一般说来,计算机的类型是由下列7个因素决定的:

CPU的类型。微型计算机使用微处理器。较大计算机趋向于使用由分开的高速复杂的零部件构成的CPU。

CPU能够使用的内存的总量。配备有大容量内存的计算机可以支持更复杂的程序,并且能同时容纳几个不同的程序。

存储设备的容量。较大计算机系统趋向于配置较大容量的存储设备。

输出设备的速度。微机输出设备的速度趋向于用每秒钟能打印的字符数(cps)予以度量,通常每秒为几十个、几百个字符。较大计算机的输出设备的速度也较快,通常每分钟可打印几百行或几千行。

用mips(每秒钟百万条指令)度量处理速度。在这里用术语“指令”来描述软件要求计算机完成的基本任务,并且标识受到影响的数据。较小计算机的处理速度为7~40mips,大型计算机的处理速度能达到30~150mips或更多,巨型计算机能处理200多mips。换句话说,大型计算机处理数据的能力要比微机快得多。

一次可以访问计算机的用户数量。大多数小型计算机只能支持单个用户,有些计算机一次可以支持两个或三个用户,大型计算机则同时可由几百个用户使用。

计算机系统的价格。商用计算机系统的价格从只值500美元(一台微机)到要开支1 000万美元(一台大型机),巨型计算机则花费更多。

Part B Practical learning

Training Target

In this parts,students must finish two special tasks in English environment under the guidance of the specialized English teacher.Task 1 Configuring Main Menu

[Task-1] Set system date to 06/20/2009.Set system time to 10:55:25.Set language to English.

Step1.Press<Delete>during the Power-On Self-Test (POST) to enter the Setup utility.

Step2.As shown in Figure 3 select Main menu on the menu bar,the screen of the basic system information appears.Figure 3

Step3.Select System Time,and then set to [10:55:25].

Select System Date,and then set to [06/20/2009].

Select Language,and then set to [English].

The screen of basic system information after setting is shown in Figure 4Figure 4

Comment If you wish to enter setup after POST,restart the system by pressing<Ctrl+Alt+Delete>,or by pressing the reset button on the system chassis.You can also restart by turning the system off and then back on.Do this last option only if the first two failed.

[Task-2] Get the information about SATA1,such as device,vendor,size,lba mode,block mode,and S.M.A.R.T.monitoring.

Step1 and Step2 do ditto.

Step3.Select SATA1 item,then press<Enter>to display the SATA1 device information shown in Figure 5.The BIOS automatically detects the values opposite the dimmed items.You will get:

Device is Hard Disk.

Vendor is HDT722516DLA380.

Size is 164.7GB.

LBA Mode is supported.

Block Mode is 16 Sectors.

SMART Monitoring is supported.Figure 5

[Task-3] Set SATA to support PATA storage devices.Set SATA detection waiting time to 25 seconds.

Step1 and Step2 do ditto.

Step3.Select Storage configuration on the Main menu screen,then press<Enter>to enter the storage configuration screen shown in Figure 6.

Select Configure SATA as,and then set to [IDE].

Select SATA Detect Time Out (Sec),and then set to [25].Figure 6

Comment If you want to use the Serial ATA hard disk drives as Parallel ATA physical storage devices,set this item to [IDE].If you want the serial ATA hard disk drives to use the advanced host controller interface (AHCI),set this item to [AHCI].If you want to create a RAID 0,RAID 1,RAID 5,RAID 10,or the Intel matrix storage technology configuration from the serial ATA hard disk drives,set this item to [RAID].

[Task-4] Get the information of BIOS version,processor,and system memory.

Step1 and Step2 do ditto.

Step3.Select System information on the main menu screen,then press<Enter>to enter the system information screen shown in Figure 7.You will get:Figure 7

Version of BIOS is 0208.

Type of processor is Genuine Intel(R) CPU@2.67GHz and speed is 2666MHz.

Usable Size of system memory is 1016MB.

Notes(1) SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment),由Intel、IBM、Dell、APT、Maxtor和Seagate公司共同提出的串行硬盘接口规范。(2) LBA Mode (Logical Block Addressing Mode),逻辑区块地址模式。(3) S.M.A.R.T.(Self-Monitoring,Analysis,and Reporting Technology),自我监视、分析、报告技术。(4) POST (Power-On Self-Test),上电自检。Task 2 Configuring advanced menu

[Task-1] Get the information of CPU,including manufacturer,brand string,frequency,BCLK speed,Cache L1\Cache L2\Cache L3 and ratio actual value.Enable the items of CPU ratio setting,Intel(R) virtualization technology,CPU TM function,and Intel(R) HT technology.Disable Intel(R) C-STATE technology.

Step1.Press<Delete>during the Power-On Self-Test (POST) to enter the setup utility.

Step2.Select Advanced menu on the menu bar,the screen of setting CPU and other devices shown in Figure 8 appears.Figure 8

Step3.Select CPU Configuration,then press<Enter>to enter the CPU-related information screen shown in Figure 9.According to the screen,you will get:

Manufacturer is Intel.

Brand String is Genuine Intel(R) CPU 000@3.20GHz.

Frequency is 3.20GHz.

BCLK Speed is 133MHz.

Cache L1\Cache L2\Cache L3 is 128KB,1024KB and 8192KB respectively.

Ratio Actual Value is 24.

试读结束[说明:试读内容隐藏了图片]

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