作者：（澳）大卫·古拉斯（David Gulasi）
出版社：中国人民大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
雅思口语大卫王试读：
前言
Having been an ex IELTS examiner and teaching IELTS for over years in China,I’m here to help you understand that the IELTS speaking examination is very similar to a game,and I want to teach you how to ‘beat’ the game.
作为一个在中国教了好多年英语的前任雅思考官，我认为雅思口试就像一场游戏，而我，就是来教你怎么打赢它！
With this book by your side I am hoping that it will help you to achieve your dream score of 6–7 without having to memorise one million words.
我希望这本书能让你在口语上拿到6～7分，不用整天背一堆单词。
My style of teaching is very different from other teachers where students feel that the IELTS exam is serious so they also need to be serious. I believe that life is already serious enough and we do not need to make the learning side anymore serious than it is.
我的教学风格和其他老师不同，他们太严肃太没劲了，整得学生也很严肃。人生都已经这么艰难了，咱就别再把学习也整得这么无聊了吧。
I use humour as a tool to help your brain use its imaginative side rather than only using logic to answer questions. Some of the answers that I provide in this book are somewhat non-traditional answers. Use your sense of humour as a tool in order to pass the IELTS examination. Remember if you want to pass the IELTS exam you should win over the examiner with awesome English and an amazing personality.
我用幽默这个工具帮考生使用想象力而不是单靠逻辑来回答问题，所以这本书里很多答案模板没那么老套，用你的幽默感来通过考试。记住，如果你想通过考试，用极棒的英语和人格魅力打动考官才是上策。
Think of the IELTS speaking exam like going on America’s Got Talent,where you’re judged on your ability to perform. Let me teach you how to perform well.
你就想着去考雅思口试和上《美国达人秀》是一回事儿，你表现得好就能通过。让我来告诉你怎么样表现得出彩。 Chapter 1IELTS speaking examination background
Test structure,question types,section descriptions,examiners requirements
Test format—Speaking
考试形式——口语
11–14 minutes
共11～14分钟
The speaking component assesses your use of spoken English. Every test is recorded.
口语部分测试你的英语口语水平。每场考试都将被录音。
• Part 1—The examiner will ask you general questions about yourself and a range of familiar topics,such as home,family,work,studies and interests. This part lasts between four and five minutes.
第一部分：考官会问你一些有关个人和常见话题的基本问题，比如家庭、家人、工作、学习和兴趣爱好，时长为4～5分钟。
• Part 2—You will be given a card which asks you to talk about a particular topic. You will have one minute to prepare before speaking for up to two minutes. The examiner will then ask one or two questions on the same topic.
第二部分：你将会拿到一张卡片，根据卡片所载内容做一个特定话题的演讲。你有一分钟的准备时间，演讲最多两分钟。然后考官会就此话题追问1～2个问题。
• Part 3—You will be asked further questions about the topic in Part 2.
第三部分：考官会根据你在第二部分谈论的内容延伸提问。
Speaking
Examiners use assessment criteria to award a band score for each of the four criteria:
考官将根据下列四个标准给你打分：
• Fluency and Coherence
流利度和连贯性
• Lexical Resource
词汇
• Grammatical Range and Accuracy
语法
• Pronunciation
发音
The examiner will evaluate each candidate according to five linguistic areas.
考官将会从语言的五个方面来评估每个考生的水平。
1. Fluency 流利程度
You should be able to speak at length. You must develop your answers without hesitating too much or pausing too often. Always go into detail and explain everything to the examiner.
你应该详尽地谈论并且扩展你的回答，不要过多犹豫或太频繁地停顿。每个问题都要向考官详细阐述。
DO NOT SPEAK TOO QUICKLY! Fluency is not the same as speed. But you need to THINK FAST!
语速切勿太快！流利不等于速度。但你需要快速思考！
In order to gain confidence and fluency,YOU MUST PRACTICE! I can’t emphasise enough how necessary it is for you to get to speak as frequently as possible before you take the exam. You should be able to REACT QUICKLY to questions. Foreigners hate it when the student takes forever to say one sentence: “I like... I like... hmmm... I like football... because... because,because,it is... hmmm... what’s the word?”(Be careful: “how to say?”= Chinese English!!! In English we say “what’s the word?”)
为了获得信心，达到流利，你必须不断练习！我不得不再次强调，在你参加考试前不断练习有多么重要。你必须快速对提问做出反应。当学生支支吾吾地说“I like... I like... hmmm... I like football... because... because，because，it is... hmmm... what’s the word?”而始终说不出一个完整的句子时，听者会厌烦。（请注意：“how to say?”是中式英语！英语中我们说“what’s the word?”)
2. Coherence 前后一致
First you must make sure you are answering the question the examiner asks you. If you don’t,it’s probably because your listening is not good enough. In addition,YOUR ANSWERS MUST BE LOGICAL.
首先，你必须确认你回答的是考官所提的问题。如果答非所问，可能是因为你的听力不够好。另外，你的答案必须符合逻辑。“Do you like sports?” “No,I don’t like sports because it makes me tired.” And then 20 seconds later (20 秒之后):“Do you ever play basketball?” “Yes,I often play basketball with my friends. It’s a lot of fun.”=ILLOGICAL! (不符合逻辑！)“Are you very busy with your studies?” “Yes,you know,school in China is always busy.” Later on (稍后):“Do you have a lot of classes every week?” “No,not so many. My schedule is quite good.”=ILLOGICAL! (不符合逻辑！) YOU SAID YOU WERE BUSY WITH CLASSES! (以上回答前后矛盾)
3. Vocabulary (Lexical Resources)词汇量
First you should be able to talk about a wide range of topics. Try to learn a few words for each topic given in this book. Practice DESCRIBING EVERYTHING around you: people,places,objects around you.
首先你必须能够谈论各种话题。学习本书中给每个话题提供的几个单词。练习描述你周围的一切：人物、地点和身边的事物等。
The best way for you to improve your vocabulary is to LEARN SYNONYMS (=2 words which have similar meanings. Example: rich=wealthy=well-off). By learning synonyms,you will avoid repeating yourself.
扩大词汇量最好的方式就是学习同义词(即两个有着相似含义的单词，比如 rich= wealthy= well-off)。学习同义词可以避免重复。
In addition,be very careful with the different forms of words: students often get confused between verbs,adjectives and nouns. (Example: to succeed,to be successful,to meet with success; to communicate,communicative,communication)
另外，要注意词的不同形式。考生经常分不清动词、形容词和名词。(例如：to succeed,to be successful,to meet with success; to communicate,communicative,communication)
4. Grammar (Grammatical Range and Accuracy)语法(语法结构的广范度和精确度)
Pay attention to tenses (PAST TENSE!!! I went,I did,I gave,I wrote... Come on! You have been studying grammar every day at school since middle school! You have NO excuse!) and TRY TO USE MODALS as much as possible (might,may,should,have to,can,could).
留意时态！(过去时：I went,I did,I gave,I wrote等拜托!从中学开始你们每天都在学习语法!你没有任何借口!) 并且尽可能多地使用情态动词(might,may,should,have to,can,could)。
5. Pronunciation 发音
DON’T SPEAK TOO FAST! You will make mistakes,and the examiner might find it hard to follow you. OPEN YOUR MOUTH; BE CLEAR! Don’t try to be too American by mumbling your words. You were born in China; the examiner knows you have an accent: everyone does. Don’t think about it. JUST FOCUS ON CLARITY!
语速切勿太快！语速太快你会出错，考官或许无法跟上你的思维。张开嘴，说清楚！请勿尝试学习嘟嘟哝哝的过于美式的发音。你出生在中国，考官知道你有口音：每个人都有口音。所以别担心这个问题。把精力集中在发音清晰上!
This is from the official IELTS.ORG website and it shows the specific skills that students need in order to get their IELTS scores.
该部分选自雅思官网，说明了为考取雅思高分，学生们应具备的具体技能。 Chapter 2Basic do’s and do-not’s in the speaking examination
Some psychological tricks,do’s,donot’s,dangers
Don’t memorise answers! 不要背答案！
Lots of people think that the best way to do well in the speaking test is to remember scripted answers and simply use these in the test. This is a bad idea because memorised answers are very obvious and examiners are trained to spot them. You will not only lose marks,the examiners may also ask you more difficult questions to test your English and establish your real level.
很多人认为要想做好口语测试，最好的办法是记住固定答案，在考试中照着背出来就可以了。这是个坏主意，因为固定答案非常明显，考官接受了发现这些答案的训练。考生会丢掉分数，考官也有可能会问你更难的问题来测试你的英语水平，以期发现你的真实水平。
Don’t worry about the examiner’s opinion! 不要担心考官的观点！
I was surprised when some students told me that you can only do well on the speaking test if the examiner agrees with your opinion. Nothing could be further from the truth. Examiners are not concerned with your opinion; they just want you to demonstrate your speaking ability. Focus on giving a fluent answer that responds to the question and is grammatically correct.
我很惊讶，有些考生告诉我只有考官同意你的观点你才能在口语考试中取得好成绩，这简直太离谱了。考官才不关心你的观点，他们就是想让你展示你的口语能力，考生需要做的是给出符合问题的流畅回答，保证语法正确。
Don’t insert lots of “big” words! 不要使用太多复杂的单词！
A common misconception is that you must have very long,“complicated” words in every sentence to get a high score on the test. If you listen to how native speakers talk,this just doesn’t happen,unless you are at a conference of university professors. You should try to show the examiner that you have a wide-ranging vocabulary,but you should not try to use words you don’t fully understand. If you try to use “complicated” words you don’t fully understand,it is very likely that you will make mistakes and lose marks.
I tell my students to use the 100-percent rule: if you are not 100-percent sure about the meaning and form of a word,don’t use it.
一个比较常见的误区是，考生在每个句子里都必须要使用冗长且“高深”的单词来取得高分。如果你听一听以英语为母语的人怎么说话，你就会发现这根本不存在，除非你在听大学教授的学术会议。考生应该尝试给考官展示自己广泛的词汇储存量，而不是自己根本不理解的单词。如果考生要用自己不理解的“高级”词汇，那很有可能会犯错，导致失分。
我会告诉我的学生遵守100%原则：如果你不是100%确定一个单词的意思，就不要用。
Don’t show of your grammar! 不要炫耀语法！
This point is connected to the previous one. Many candidates feel that they need to show the examiner how amazing their grammar is in order to get a high mark. Again,the danger here is trying to use grammar you are not 100-percent sure about and then losing control of the sentence. There is no point in using the future perfect continuous tense if it is not appropriate to do so. Think about the tense you need to use when practising,and familiarise yourself with functional language for giving opinions,contrasting views,emphasising and so on.
这一点跟上边一点相关，很多考生觉得他们需要给考官展示一下他们无与伦比的语法，这样的话可以得高分。还是那样，考生使用自己不能100%掌握的语法会面临失去对句子控制的危险。如果情况不适合，那考生就没有必要使用将来完成进行时。练习的时候想想需要使用的时态，熟悉功能语言，可以用来给建议、对比观点、强调某事等。
Don’t say nothing! 不要闭口不言！
This seems like an obvious piece of advice but you would be surprised by how many students prefer to say nothing rather than attempt to give an answer. It is always better to attempt an answer than simply say nothing. Many students feel this way,perhaps because their old teacher told them to say nothing or criticised them if they didn’t know the answer. In the IELTS speaking test,you are not expected to give a perfect response to a question or to be an expert in many different areas. The main thing is to demonstrate your speaking ability. If you don’t know the answer,it is always acceptable to say something like “I don’t have much knowledge of this subject,but I think...” or “I’m not really sure,but if I had to say...” and attempt an answer.
这点建议看起来是很明显的，但是很多考生喜欢一言不发，而不是尝试回答问题，这真是令人吃惊。尝试给出回答总是比简单地闭口不言要好。考生之所以会有这样的感觉，可能是因为他们以前的老师告诉他们如果不知道答案就不要说话或者会批评他们不知道答案还说。在雅思口语考试中，考官不需要考生给出相应问题的完美答案，或者成为诸多不同领域的专家，重点是考生展示自己的口语能力。如果考生不知道答案，一般来说考生可以说“我对这个话题不了解，但是我认为……”或者“我不是很确定，但是如果必须要说一两句的话……”，后边可以尝试回答，这样的做法是可以接受的。
Don’t prioritise grammar over fuency! 不要认为语法比流畅重要！
In the exam,you get separate marks for grammatical accuracy and fluency. Most students I’ve taught in Asia worry more about their grammar than their fluency,and the latter skill suffers as a result. When I have taught European students,it is generally the opposite way round. Ask a teacher or native speaker to give you advice about your grammar or fluency needs. You can then focus on improving one or the other.
在口语考试中，语法准确性和流畅性的评分是分开的。我在亚洲所教的大部分考生更加担心他们的语法而不是流畅度，所以流畅度这个技能就很糟糕。我教欧洲学生的时候，情况往往相反。问一问老师或者以英语为母语的人，让他们评价一下你的语法或者流畅度，这样你就可以致力于提高其中一个技能或者另外一个了。
Don’t worry about your accent! 不要担心口音！
I work at a well-known school with “British” in the title,and lots of students come to me at the end of the first class and ask how they can get a British accent like me. This always makes me smile because I actually have an Australian accent and I ask them which British accent they would like to learn. Many students are overly concerned with sounding more “British” or more “American”,whatever this actually means. In fact,accent is not important in the speaking test as long as it does not impede your ability to communicate.
我所工作的学校是一个校名中带有“英国”的著名学校，很多学生第一节课结束时会问我他们怎样才能习得像我一样的英国腔。听到这类话，我总会莞尔一笑，因为我实际上是澳大利亚腔，我会问他们想学哪种英国腔。很多学生过度关注听起来像“英国”腔或者“美国”腔，不管这种腔调实际上意味着什么。事实上，腔调在口语测试中并不重要，只要它不影响你交流的能力就可以。
Don’t get too nervous! 不要太过紧张！
Getting nervous is a natural reaction to a test,but nerves can often bring someone’s score down in a few different ways. Some people have a tendency to speak at a very low volume when they are nervous and this will reduce the examiner’s ability to understand you. Others mumble when they are nervous and this is obviously a bad idea in a speaking test. The key is to prepare properly and then you will feel more confident.
考试紧张是正常反应，但是紧张经常会以不同的方式降低考生的分数。有些人在紧张的时候倾向于低声说话，这样考官理解你的能力就会被削弱。还有一些人紧张的时候说话含糊不清，这在口语测试中显而易见是个坏主意。解决紧张的关键是进行适当的准备，这样你就会感到更加自信。
Don’t be late! 不要迟到！
Make sure you give yourself lots of time to get to the examination centre and find out where your speaking test will be. By getting there early you will be able to get comfortable in your surroundings and concentrate solely on the exam. Don’t be afraid to ask the staff any questions you might have; they are there to help.
确保给自己留出足够的时间到达考试中心，找到你的口语考试所在的具体位置。早到能让你适应周围的环境，聚精会神地进行考试。如果你有问题，不要害怕，可以问工作人员，他们的职责就是帮助你。
Don’t rely on the examiner! 不要光指望考官！
Some students think the speaking examiner will prompt you if you are talking too much or too little,or not speaking loudly enough,or if you are not sticking to the question asked. In fact,the examiner has no duty to do any of these things and she or he will allow you to make mistakes and not tell you. Take control of your own speaking and don’t look to the examiner for cues or help.
有些考生认为，口语考官会提醒考生以免说得过多或者过少，或者说话声音不够大，或者没有专注于所问的问题。实际上，考官没有义务做这些事情，她/他会看着你犯错误而不告诉你。控制好自己的口语，不要指望考官给你信息或者帮助。
Do warm up! 热身！
What would happen if a footballer decided to play a game without running or stretching first? They would probably have a terrible game and maybe even injure themselves. Speaking a foreign language is no different. I advise all of my students to warm up for the IELTS test by speaking nothing but English for at least 24 hours before the test. This has a huge influence on your ability to naturally communicate in English. Tell your friends and family that you can only speak in English,and try to read and listen to English the day before the exam. Get to the testing centre early and engage the other candidates and staff in conversation. By the time your speaking test comes around,you will be ready.
如果一个足球运动员在开场前没有提前跑步或者拉伸，那会发生什么？他们可能会有一场非常糟糕的比赛，甚至可能受伤。说一门外语也是同样的情况。我建议我所有的学生在雅思口语考试前进行热身，即在考试前至少有24个小时只说英语。这会极大地影响你用英语自如交流的能力。跟你的朋友和家人说你只能说英语，在考试前一天尝试读并听英语。早一点去考试中心，跟其他考生和工作人员进行交谈。到你的口语考试来临的时候，你就准备好了。
Do practise at home! 在家练习！
Speaking is a skill and just like any other skill it requires many hours of practice. Lots of my students complain that they don’t have anyone to practise English with,but these days there are lots of ways to practise online. There are thousands of students who want to practise their speaking; you just have to know where to find them.
说话是一种能力，像其他技能一样，需要很多小时的练习。我有很多学生抱怨没有人陪他们练习英语，但是现如今有很多网上练习的方法。有成千上万的学生想练习口语，你只需要知道去哪找到他们。
Do ask the examiner. 向考官提问。
Many students don’t know that you can occasionally ask the examiner to repeat the question if you didn’t understand it,or to ask them to explain what one word means. It is not a listening test. If you listen to native English speakers,you’ll notice that they do this all the time. The important thing is not to ask the examiner to repeat every question or to explain every word.
很多考生不知道，要是听不懂问题，可以偶尔请求考官重复一下，或者请求考官解释某个单词的意思。口语考试不是考听力，如果你去听以英语为母语的人说话，你会发现这种询问经常发生。重要的是不要请求考官重复他所说的每个问题或者解释每个词。
Do extend your answers. 扩展你的答案。
It is not a good idea to give very short answers in the IELTS test and you should try to extend your answers. Three ways to extend your answers are: 1) explaining why; 2) giving examples; 3) giving concessions (showing the opposite side of the argument).
Here’s an example to the question “What can people do to reduce global warming?”
I believe the best way to combat climate change is to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon dioxide is the main reason the planet is getting hotter,because it is a greenhouse gas and prevents the sun’s radiation from leaving our atmosphere. For example,it has been shown that there is a link between the increased use of fossil fuels and rising global temperatures. However,some doubt this and think global warming is a natural cycle and not a man-made problem.
As you can see,this candidate has fully explained her point and provided both a relevant example and a concession.
在雅思考试中简短的答案可不是个好主意，你应该尝试扩展你的答案。有三种方法可以扩展答案：1）解释原因；2）举例子；3）作出让步（展示论证的另一面）。
接下来是对“人们可以做什么来减轻全球变暖”这个问题的答案，作为扩展答案的例子。
我认为应对气候变化最好的方法是减少碳的排放量。二氧化碳是地球气温变高的主要原因，因为二氧化碳是温室气体，阻止太阳辐射离开地球的大气层。例如，已有证据表明化石燃料的使用增加和全球气温的升高有关系。然而，有些人对此有质疑，认为全球变暖是一种自然循环，不是人为的问题。
我们可以看到，这位考生充分地解释了她的观点，并且给出了一个相关的例子和让步。
Do master functional language. 掌握实用性表达。
It is a very bad idea to memorise scripted answers,but you should be aware of the various types of functional language that might come up in the IELTS speaking test. You should be able to use the language of:
• giving opinions
• giving examples
• contrasting views
• evaluating someone else’s opinion
• talking about cause and effect
• talking about hypothetical situations
You will be expected to talk about the past,present and future,so make sure you know the various forms for doing this.
背诵固定答案是个坏主意，但是你应该知道功能语言的不同类型，这类语言可能会在雅思口语考试中出现。你应该能够使用如下语言：
• 表达看法
• 举例子
• 对比观点
• 评价其他人的观点
• 谈论原因和效果
• 谈论假设的情况
考生应该能够谈论过去、现在和将来，所以考生要确保知道各个时态所需要的各种动词形式。
Do use natural spoken English. 自然地说英语。
If you listen carefully to native speakers of English,you’ll notice some important differences in the way they speak compared to learners of English. Native speakers use connected speech,weak sounds,intonation and sentence stress that many non-native speakers find difficult or “unnatural”. Ask a teacher or research online how these pronunciation features influence your speech. Listen to recordings of native speakers of English (for example,on YouTube) and try to imitate their use of connected speech or intonation by pausing the recording and repeating what you hear. With enough practice,you will start to sound more like a native speaker.
如果你仔细听以英语为母语的人怎么说话，你会发现他们跟英语学习者相比在说话方式上有一些很重要的不同之处。以英语为母语的人会用连贯的口语、弱化的声音、起伏的语调、句子的重读，这些都是母语非英语的人所认为的难点或者“不自然”之处。问问老师或者
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