一本书读懂美国常青藤名校.英汉对照(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：张云霞

出版社：经济科学出版社

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一本书读懂美国常青藤名校.英汉对照试读：

前言

若想精通一门语言，没有对其文化背景的深入了解恐怕永远难登大雅之堂。在全球化日益成为国际主流的今天，英语作为西方文化头牌语言的重要性已日益凸显——今日世界，恐怕在地球上的任何角落人们都可以用英语问路、用英语聊天、用英语购物、用英语交友、用英语在跨文化间作深度交流。

正如许多西方人热切地想了解中国文化一样，中国的英语学习及爱好者对西方文化及人文的了解也处于热切的需求当中。是的，如果对西方的历史、文学、艺术、宗教、哲学没有一个最基本的了解，就连看好莱坞大片都会成为一个问题；而西方文化贡献给社会的普世价值恰恰是它深厚的人文传统及“民主、自由、博爱”等现代理念，不了解这些，则与任何稍有层次和品位的西方人的交流都将难以顺畅。

此外，国内的英语学习者如再停留在日常生活的English In General的层次上，必将难以适应深度沟通和交流的需要，因此，对专业英语及文化背景的深入了解和学习将是提升英语能力的必由之路。有鉴于此，本套丛书为读者奉上原汁原味的人文阅读精华，其或选自原典正文、或选自专业教材、或选自网络热帖，由精研此业者掇菁撷华，辑录成册，希望能帮助读者在学习英语的同时又能品味西方文化的独特魅力。在辑录过程中，我们力求摒弃学校教育的僵硬和枯燥，代之以更加生动、更加全面的通识阅读范本。我们写历史，致力于拨开其厚重压抑而倾向于读者感兴趣的文化、建筑、艺术、风俗等人文知识；我们写文学，力求抛开一般文学史纲目划分的束缚而代之以切合各国风情又适合读者阅读的脉络。

读万卷书行万里路，在我们无法踏上万里之路以愉耳目的时候，我们可以用阅读来滋养心灵，拓展人生版图。于某一日午后，抛开世俗的纷扰，挑一静谧之处，一杯香茗，几卷书册，品文化，长知识，学英语，在书页和文字之间触摸大千世界的真谛，在阅读中将知识内化成自己的修养，人生至乐。

文化共语言同飞，思想与阅读共舞。让我们的目光穿越时光、穿越语言，在原汁原味的英语阅读中品味人类文明共有的人文素质、人文素养、人文情怀、人文理念……并在此过程中成就自己的文化修养及完美人生。

Chapter 1 Ivy League——A Way of Referring to an Elite Class 第一章 常青藤盟校——美国顶尖名校的代名词

The Ivy League，is an athletic conference composed of sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also 常青藤联盟标志commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group. The eight institutions are Harvard University，Yale University，the University of Pennsylvania，Princeton University，Columbia University，Brown University，Dartmouth College and Cornell University. The term Ivy League also has connotations of academic excellence，selectivity in admissions，and social elitism.

The term became official after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954. The use of thephrase is no longer limited to athletics，and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to the nation's oldest schools. Seven of the eight schools were founded during the United States colonial period；the exception is Cornell，which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions，therefore，account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution.

The Ivies are all in the Northeast geographic region of the United States. Each school receives millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government.

Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4，000 to 14，000，making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college and smaller than a typical public state university. Overall enrollments range from approximately 6，100 in the case of Dartmouth to over 20，000 in the case of Columbia，Cornell，Harvard，and Penn.

常青藤盟校最初是指美国东北部地区的八所大学组成的体育赛事联盟。这个称谓通常把这八所学校当做一个整体，它们分别是哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、普林斯顿大学、哥伦比亚大学、布朗大学、达特茅斯学院及康奈尔大学。如今，常青藤联盟也蕴含着学术卓越、入学严格和社会精英之意。

在1954年成立美国大学体育总会一级联盟体育会议后，常青藤盟校成为官方认可的联盟组织。现在，常青藤联盟不再局限于体育运动，而是代表美国古老高校的一种教育哲学。联盟八所学校中的七所是在英国殖民时期建立的，唯一例外的康奈尔大学成立于1865年。因此，常青藤盟校占美国独立前成立的九所殖民地大学中的七所。

所有的常青藤盟校都位于美国东北部，都接受联邦政府数百万美元的研究补助和津贴。

常青藤盟校中，每个学校的本科生入学人数规模从4000人到14000人不等，这样的学生数量使它们的规模比典型的私人文理学院大、比典型的公立大学小。总体入学人数范围从达特茅斯学院的6100人到哥伦比亚大学、康奈尔大学、哈佛大学、宾夕法尼亚大学均超过2万名。2. History　盟校历史● Origin of the Name　称谓的源起

Students have long revered the ivied walls of older colleges.“Planting the ivy”was a customary class day ceremony at many colleges in the 1800s. In 1893 an alumnus told The Harvard Crimson，“In 1850，常青藤盟校的地理位置class day was placed upon the University Calendar…… the custom of planting the ivy，while the ivy oration was delivered，arose about this time.”At Penn，graduating seniors started the custom of planting ivy at a university building each spring in 1873 and that practice was formally designated as“Ivy Day”in 1874. Princeton's“Ivy Club”was founded in 1879.

The first usage of Ivy in reference to a group of colleges is from sportswriter Stanley Woodward（1895-1965）.“A proportion of our eastern ivy colleges are meeting little fellows another Saturday before plunging into the strife and the turmoil.”Stanley Woodward，New York Tribune，October 14，1933，describing the football season.

According to the book Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins（1988），author William Morris writes that Stanley Woodward actually took the term from fellow New York Tribune sportswriter Caswell Adams. Morris writes that during the 1930s，the Fordham University football team was running roughshod over all its opponents. One day in the sports room at the Tribune，the merits of Fordham's football team were being compared to those of Princeton and Columbia. Adams remarked disparagingly of the latter two，saying they were“only Ivy League.”Woodward，the sports editor of the Tribune，picked up the term and printed the next day.The term ivy college and shortly later Ivy League acquired its name from the sports world.

大学生一直都对那些古老学院里长满常青藤的围墙心怀敬畏。在19世纪初，“种植常青藤”是许多学院毕业纪念日的一种庆典习俗。1893年，一位校友告诉《哈佛深红报》，“1850年，毕业纪念日是哈佛大学校历史上一个重大的节日……种植常青藤的习俗、有关常青藤的演说都是在这时产生的。”从1873年起，宾夕法尼亚大学毕业生每年春天都会在校园内建筑物边上种植常青藤，这个惯例在1874年被正式命名为“常青藤日”。1879年，普林斯顿大学成立了“常青藤俱乐部”。

首次用长在墙上的常青藤来指代这些学校的是体育专栏作家斯坦利·伍德沃德（1895～1965年）。“几所来自美国东部常青藤大学的队员都在集合他们的队员以应对下周六的体育比赛和混乱场面。”《纽约论坛报》的斯坦利·伍德沃德在1933年10月14日的橄榄球赛季叙述道。《单词和习语起源词典》（1988年版）的作者威廉·莫里斯写道，实际上斯坦利·伍德沃德是从他的同为《纽约论坛报》体育专栏同事卡斯维尔·亚当斯那里得来这个名词称谓的。莫里斯继续写道，在20世纪30年代，福特汉姆大学橄榄球队一直凌驾于其所有对手之上。一天，在《纽约论坛报》的办公室里，人们将福特汉姆大学橄榄球队与普林斯顿大学和哥伦比亚大学的橄榄球队进行比较，列数前者的优点与功绩。亚当斯轻蔑地评论后两者，说它们是“仅仅是常青藤盟校而已”。伍德沃德听到他的话后就采纳了这个新词，并在第二天的报纸上出版了这个词。不久后，常青藤联盟就从体育界中获得了这个称谓。● Pre-Ivy League　在此称谓之前

Seven of the Ivy League schools were founded before the American Revolution；Cornell was 乔纳森·马克西founded just 毕业生在种植常青藤after the American Civil War. These seven provided the overwhelming majority of the higher education in the Northern and Middle Colonies；their early faculties and founding boards were largely，therefore，drawn from other Ivy League institutions；there were also some British graduates from the University of Cambridge，the University of Oxford，the University of Edinburgh，and elsewhere. Similarly，the founder of The College of William & Mary，in 1693，was a British graduate of the University of Edinburgh. Cornell provided Stanford University with its first president.

The influence of these institutions on the founding of other colleges and universities is notable. This included the Southern public college movement which blossomed in the first two decades of the 19th century when Georgia，South Carolina，North Carolina and Virginia established what became the flagship universities for each of these states. In 1801 a majority of the first board of trustees for what became the University of South Carolina were Princeton alumni. They appointed Jonathan Maxcy，a Brown graduate，as the university's first president. Thomas Cooper，an Oxford alumnus and University of Pennsylvania faculty member became the second president of the University of South Carolina. The founders of the University of California came from Yale；hence the school colors of University of California are Yale Blue and California Gold.

Some of the Ivy League schools have identifiable Protestant roots，while others were founded as nonsectarian schools. Church of England King's College broke up during the Revolution and was reformed as public nonsectarian Columbia College. In the early nineteenth century，the specific purpose of training Calvinist ministers was handed off to theological seminaries，but a denominational tone and such relics as compulsory chapel often lasted well into the twentieth century. Penn and Brown were officially founded as nonsectarian schools. Brown's charter promised no religious tests and“full liberty of conscience”，but placed control in the hands of a board of twenty-two Baptists，five Quakers，four Congregationalists，and five Episcopalians. Cornell has been strongly nonsectarian from its founding. Even so，same of churches are also the main buildings on the campus.

“Ivy League”is sometimes used as a way of referring to an elite class，even though institutions such as Cornell University were among the first in the United States to reject racial and gender discrimination in their admissions policies.

After the Second World War，the present Ivy League institutions slowly widened their selection of students. They had always had distinguished faculties；some of the first Americans with doctorates had taught for them；but they now decided that they could not both be world-class research institutions and be competitive in the highest ranks of American college sport；in addition，the schools experienced the scandals of any other big-time football programs，although more quietly. The schools began to recruit respectively sports students and research-oriented students.

八所常青藤学校中有七所是在美国独立战争之前成立的；另外一所康奈尔大学是在南北内战结束后很短时间内建立的。前七所学校几乎是美国东海岸和中部殖民地主要的高等教育人才贡献学校；之后建立的其他学校几乎早期的南卡罗来纳大学都是由这七所学校早期的教员和董事会出来建立的；当然也有一部分英国的毕业生和学者，主要来自剑桥大学、牛津大学爱丁堡大学及其他学校。比如，威廉和玛丽大学就是由爱丁堡大学的英国毕业生于1693年建立的。斯坦福大学的第一任校长也是康奈尔大学的教员。

这些学校对其他学院和大学的建立有着重大的影响。其影响之一便是美国南部的公立大学兴办狂潮：在19世纪的前20年里，佐治亚州、南卡罗来纳州、弗吉尼亚州都纷纷成立了各自州内的一流大学。1801年，当选南卡罗来纳大学第一届董事会成员的大多都是普林斯顿大学的校友。不仅如此，校董事会还任命布朗大学的毕业生乔纳森·马克西为南卡罗来纳大学的第一任校长，任命牛津大学的毕业生、宾夕法尼亚大学的教师托马斯·库珀成为南卡罗来纳大学的第二任校长。加州大学的主要创始人则都来校园内的宗教建筑自耶鲁大学，因此就连加州大学的主色系都是耶鲁的代表色蓝色再加上加州闻名的金色。

常青藤盟校的一些学校明显拥有新教徒的痕迹，而另一部分则作为非宗教学校建立。殖民时期，纽约的英格兰教会国王学院在独立战争中分裂，并被改革为无宗派的哥伦比亚大学。在19世纪早期，尽管新教的卡尔文派牧师都是由宗教团体培养的，但是每个常青藤学校仍然有很强的宗教控制成分，比如每个学校都有强制的礼拜活动并一直延续到20世纪才终止。宾夕法尼亚大学和布朗大学虽然建立之初是以非宗教学校建立的，比如布朗大学的宪章规定学校不是宗教的测验地而是“完全的宗教信仰自由”，但是董事会却有22个浸信会教徒、5个贵格教徒、4个公理教徒和5个圣公会教徒。只有康奈尔大学从它成立之初就保持了非宗教的独立性，即便如此，校园内的多个教堂也是主要建筑。“常青藤联盟”有时也成一种精英阶层的代名词。不过，其中的康奈尔大学一直在平等方面走在前列，康奈尔大学是美国第一批明确在录取标准中反对种族和性别歧视的大学。

第二次世界大战后，这些常青藤盟校开始逐渐放松了对于学员招收的标准。他们虽然有美国最好的教员，最早的一批博士教授学生，但是他们逐渐发现自己不可能同时是世界一流的研究机构并蝉联美国大学运动榜首；并且部分学校还经历了所有其他主要赛事一样的“丑闻”。于是，有些学校开始分别招收体育特长生和研究性学生。3. History of the Athletic League　体育联赛的历史

The Ivies have been competing in sports as long as intercollegiate sports have existed in the United States. Rowing teams from Harvard and Yale met in the first sporting event held between students of two U.S. colleges on Lake Winnipesaukee，New Hampshire，on August 3，1852. Harvard's team，“The Oneida”，won the race and was presented with trophy black walnut oars from then presidential nominee General Franklin Pierce.

The first formal athletic league involving eventual Ivy League schools was created in 1870 with the formation of the Rowing Association of American Colleges. The RAAC hosted a de facto national championship in rowing during the period 1870-1894. In 1895，Cornell，Columbia，and Penn founded the Intercollegiate Rowing Association，which remains the oldest collegiate athletic organizing body in the US. To this day，the IRA Championship Regatta determines the national champion in rowing and all of the Ivies are regularly invited to compete.In 1902，Columbia，Cornell，Harvard，Yale and Princeton formed the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League；they were later joined by Penn，Dartmouth and Brown. In 1906，the organization that eventually became the National Collegiate Athletic Association was formed，primarily to formalize rules for the emerging sport of football. But of the 39 original member colleges in the NCAA，only two of them（Dartmouth and Penn）later became Ivies.1853～1857任美国第十四任总统的富兰克林·皮尔斯将军

In 1945 standards for the football the teams. The Ivy Group presidents of Agreement established the the eight core tenet that an schools applicant's ability to play on signed the a team would not influence first Ivy admissions decisions：Group The members of the Agreement，Group reaffirm their which set prohibition of athletic academic，1952年，哈佛与耶鲁赛艇比赛scholarships. Athletes shall 100周年纪念海报financial，be admitted as students and athletic and awarded financial aid only on the basis of the same academic standards and economic need as are applied to all other students.

In 1954，the date generally accepted as the birth of the Ivy League，the presidents extended the Ivy Group Agreement to all intercollegiate sports. Competition began with the 1956 season.

As late as the 1960s many of the Ivy League universities' undergraduate programs remained open only to men，with Cornell the only one to have been coeducational from its founding（1865）and Columbia being the last（1983）to become coeducational. Before they became coeducational，many of the Ivy schools maintained extensive social ties with nearby Seven Sisters women's colleges“Seven Sisters”was the name given to Barnard，Smith，Mount Holyoke，Vassar，Bryn Mawr，Wellesley，and Radcliffe，including weekend visits，dances and parties inviting Ivy and Seven Sisters students to mingle. This was the case not only at Barnard College and Radcliffe College，which are adjacent to Columbia and Harvard，but at more distant institutions as well. The movie Animal House includes a satiric version of the formerly common visits by Dartmouth men to Massachusetts to meet Smith and Mount Holyoke women，a drive of more than two hours.

In 1983，following the admission of women to Columbia College，Columbia University and Barnard College entered into an athletic consortium agreement by which students from both schools compete together on Columbia University women's athletic teams，which replaced the women's teams previously sponsored by Barnard.

起初，常青藤盟校只参加校际体育比赛的传统在美国得到了广泛认可。1852年8月3日，哈佛大学和耶鲁大学划船队在新罕布什尔州温尼伯索基湖上举行了美国两个大学间的第一次体育比赛。哈佛大学的“奥奈达人”队赢得了比赛，并且获得了来自当时总统提名人选富兰克林·皮尔斯将军（1853～1857年任美国第十四任总统）授予的黑胡桃木桨作为战利品。

第一个正式涉及常青藤盟校的体育联盟成立于1870年的美国高校赛艇协会。事实上，1870～1894年，美国高校赛艇协会在行业主办了国家锦标赛。1895年，康奈尔大学、哥伦比亚大学和宾夕法尼亚大学成立了校际赛艇协会，巴纳德学院内的雕塑这个协会目前仍然是美国最古老的大学体育组织机构。今天，校际赛艇协会决定定期举行全国锦标赛并邀请所有的常青藤盟校参加。1902年，哥伦比亚大学、康奈尔大学、哈佛大学、耶鲁大学和普林斯顿大学成立了东部校际篮球联盟；之后宾夕法尼亚大学、达特茅斯大学和布朗大学也加入其中。1906年，常青藤联盟作为全国大学体育协会而形成了，它主要是对新兴的橄榄球运动规范化。但是最初在全国大学体育协会的39所高校成员，最后只有两所（达特茅斯大学和宾夕法尼亚大学）高校后来成为常青藤盟校成员。

1945年，八所学校的校长签署了第一份常青藤联盟协议，这份协议规定了橄榄球队的学术、金融与体育标准。常青藤联盟协议建立了它的核心宗旨——申请人在体育团队的能力不会影响到学校的招生决策。电影《动物屋》中的一幕

常青藤联盟的成员重申他们设立体育奖学金。运动员也与学校普通学生一样，在相同的学术标准和经济援助的前提下获得奖学金。

1954年通常被认为是常青藤联盟的诞辰，盟校的校长将常青藤联盟协议扩展到所有的校际体育项目。1956年比赛季正式拉开了比赛的序幕。

直到20世纪60年代，许多常青藤联盟的大学的本科专业仍然只招收男生，唯一例外的是康奈尔大学，它从成立（1865年）之日起就是男女合校，与之相对的是哥伦比亚大学，它是联盟中最后一个（1983年）成为男女合校的大学。在常青藤所有盟校变成男女同校之前，盟校中有许多学校与附近七姐妹女子学院（七姐妹女子学院是指巴纳德学院、史密斯学院、曼荷莲学院瓦萨尔学院、布尔茅尔学院、韦尔斯利学院、拉德克利夫学院）保持着广泛的联系，包括周末访问、舞会和聚会。这种情况不仅发生在巴纳德学院和拉德克利夫学院与它们相邻的哥伦比亚大学和哈佛大学，也发生在相距很远的学校之间。一部名叫《动物屋》的电影中就有与此相关的讽刺的版本：一位达特茅斯学院的男学生驾驶两个小时的车程前往马萨诸塞州去会见史密斯女子学院和曼荷莲女子学院的女学生。

1983年，在接纳女子进入哥伦比亚学院后，哥伦比亚大学和巴纳德学院加入了同一个体育联盟协议：这两所学校的学生组成哥伦比亚大学女子运动队共同出征，并取代了先前由巴纳德女子学院组成的女子运动团队。

Chapter 2 Harvard University——Thinking Bank of America 第二章 哈佛大学——美国的思想库

Harvard University is a private and the first oldest university in Ivy League. Harvard is consistently ranked at or near the top of international college and university rankings it ranked the first in Times Higher 哈佛大学Education，2012. To some extend，its history，influence and wealth have made it as one of the most prestigious university in the world. Harvard's central place in American elite circles has made it the setting for many novels，plays，films and other cultural works. Harvard Law School has produced numerous leaders in law and politics，including the current U.S. President，Barack Obama，former president Rutherford B. Hays.

哈佛大学是一所私立大学，也是常青藤联盟中第一古老的学校，它在世界大学排名中一直处于领先位置，在2012年《泰晤士报高等教育特刊》中排名第一。从某种程度上来说，哈佛的历史、影响力和财富已使它成为世界上最富盛誉的大学之一。在美国精英界的中心地位使它成为众多小说、话剧、电影和其他文化作品的创作背景。许多法律和政界领导者都毕业于哈佛法学院，其中包括美国现任总统贝拉克·奥巴马和前总统卢瑟福·B·海斯。2. About Harvard University　认识哈佛大学● Tracing History　追根溯源

Established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony，Harvard was named after its first benefactor，John Harvard，of Charlestown，Massachusetts. Upon his death in 1638，the young minister left his library and half of his estate to the new College. In 1639，in recognition of John Harvard's bequest，the Great and General Court ordered the college to be called Harvard College. Later in 1780，it was named Harvard University.

During its early years，the College offered a classic academic course based on the English university model but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy of the first colonists.

The election in 1708 of John Leverette，the first president who was not also a clergyman，marked a turning of the College toward intellectual independence from Puritanism. As the College grew in the 18th and 19th centuries，the curriculum was broadened，particularly in the sciences，and the College produced or attracted a long list of famous scholars.

Charles W. Eliot，who served as president from 1869 to 1909，transformed the relatively small provincial college into a modern university. During his tenure，the Law and Medical schools were revitalized，and the graduate schools of Business，Dental Medicine，and Arts and Sciences were established. Enrollment rose from 1，000 to 3，000 students，the faculty grew from 49 to 278，and the endowment increased from$2.3 million to$22.5 million.

It was under Eliot's watch that Radcliffe College was established. In the 1870s a group of women were exploring ways to make higher education more accessible to women. In 1879，the“Harvard Annex”for women's instruction by Harvard faculty began operations. And in 1894 the Annex was chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts asRadcliffe College.远眺哈佛大学

Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth，the University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 18，000 degree candidates，including undergraduates and students in 10 principal academic units. Over 14，000 people work at Harvard，including more than 2，000 faculties.

Havard University has trained a plenty of outstanding talents in more than 300 years. Eight presidents of the United States—John Adams，John Quincy Adams，Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt，Rutherford B. Hayes，John Fitzgerald Kennedy，George W. Bush and the current U.S. President Barack Obama are graduates of Harvard.

Forty-three current and former Harvard faculty members have been awarded Nobel Prizes. Besides those laureates on the faculty，Prize winners also frequently come to Harvard to serve as visiting faculty or visiting fellows. Many Harvard graduates have also won Nobel Prizes，including such notables as Theodore Roosevelt（Peace，1906），T. S. Eliot（Literature，1948），and Henry Kissinger（Peace，1973）.

Visitors often ask：Who is the typical Harvard student· The answer is that there is no such person. Each student is a unique individual，and the student body is incredibly diverse.

Harvard men and women represent an array of ethnic groups，religious traditions，and political persuasions. They come from every region of the United States and more than 100 other countries. They include undergraduates and graduate，continuing education，and Summer School students. They range from pre-teens to octogenarians；in 1997，Mary Fasano became the oldest person ever to earn a Harvard degree when she graduated from the Extension School at the age of 89.

哈佛大学成立于1636年，依照马萨诸塞海湾殖民地最高法院决议所建。校名源于它的第一个捐助人——马萨诸塞州查尔斯镇的约翰·哈佛。这名年轻的牧师在1638年去世时，把他的保罗·时维尔1767年雕刻作品：哈佛大学全图书馆和一半财产留给了这所新景图学校。1639年，为了纪念约翰·哈佛对学校的贡献，马萨诸塞海湾殖民地最高法院决定将学校更名为哈佛学院。1780年，学校正式命名为哈佛大学。

在哈佛成立早期，其沿袭了英国大学经典学术课程的教学模式，而其中的教学内容也反映了第一批殖民者中间盛行的清教思想。

1708年是哈佛的里程碑，约翰·莱瑞特被选为校长，他是哈佛第一位不是牧师的校长，自此，哈佛便转变为独立于清教思想的知识殿堂。到18世纪和19世纪，哈佛得到了进一步发展，课程涵盖范围逐渐拓宽，尤其是在科学领域有了拉德克里夫学院冬季景观显著的进步，因此很多著名学者纷纷来此任教，同时哈佛也培育出许多知名学者。

1869～1909年，查尔斯·W·艾略特任哈佛校长，他将哈佛从一个小规模的区域性学院发展为一座现代大学。在他的任期内，法学院和医学院重获生机，又相继成立了商学院、口腔医学院和艺术科学学院。学生人数从1000人增加至3000人，教师人数也由49人增加至278人，捐赠基金更是从230万美元增加至2250万美元。

在校长艾略特的领导下，哈佛第一所女子学院——拉德克里夫学院正式成立。19世纪70年代，一群杰出的女性开始争取接受高等教育的权利。1879年，哈佛附属学院成立，专门招收女性学员。1894年，马萨诸塞州联邦特许附属学院更名为拉德克里夫学院。

在移居美洲的英国清教徒在普利茅斯登岸的16年后，哈佛大学成立。原来只有一名教师和9名学生的学校发展为现在在校生18000人的规模，其中包括本科生和10所研究生院的学生。哈佛的在职员工超过14000人，其中包括2000多名教师。

在过去的三百多年里，哈佛培养育了许多杰出人才，其中包括八位美利坚合众国的总统——约翰·亚当斯、约翰·昆西·亚当斯、西奥多·罗斯福、富兰克林·罗斯福、卢瑟福·B·海斯、约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪、乔治·W·布什和现任总统贝拉克·奥巴马。

哈佛以往的在职教员中，有43位获得了诺贝尔奖，除了这些获奖的教员，其他获奖者也经常来哈佛做客座教授或访问学者。许多哈佛毕业生也获得了诺贝尔奖，包括著名的西奥多·罗斯福（诺贝尔和平奖，1906年），T．S．艾略特（诺贝尔文学奖，1948年），亨利·基辛格（诺贝尔和平奖，1973年）。

来哈佛参观的游客经常会问：什么样的人是典型的哈佛学生？答案是没有这样的人，因为哈佛的每一个学生都是独特的个体，各个学生都有其不同的才华和个性。

哈佛人代表着各种民族群体、宗教传统和政治观点。他们来自美国各地和全世界的100多个国家，其中有本科生、研究生、继续教育学生和暑期培训学生。在哈佛学子中既有十几岁的青少年，也有年过80岁的老者。1997年，玛莉·法萨诺在哈佛继续教育学院毕业，89岁高龄的她成为最年长的哈佛学生。● Lost-and-Found Seal，The Motto of Harvard　失而复得的校徽与哈佛校训

Early Harvard University has inherited the spirit of the Middle Ages，with the spirit of their conversion converted to the Christian side.“Veritas”“In Christ Gloriam”，and“Christo et Ecclesiae”became Harvard's exclusive 哈佛大学侧门spiritual principles. In the early seal of Harvard，it was greeted by the three open books，two facing up，and one facing down. In silence，it quietly demonstrated the symbolic dialectical relationship of reason and inspiration（revelation）.

With the rapid development of the colonial economy，it laid the Harvard pursuit of truth and respect for the scientific foundation of the times from the natural sciences，industrial revolution，human care，the double power of science and technology culture. Harvard's motto was eventually indentified as 哈佛大学校徽the“truth”（Veritas）. Above Harvard University Logo which is still in use from Era of the Harvard College was written VERITAS with the Latin words meaning“truth.”Harvard's original motto is written in Latin，meaning“Make friends with Plato and Aristotle，but above all，make friends with the truth.”

On the December 27，1643，at a meeting of the Harvard school hosted by the Institute of the second dean of Dunst，badge was born. The badge design once released，it came to nothing. Until two hundred years later，the dean of Harvard Quincy（Josiah Quincy）presided over the course of 200 years anniversary，accidentally discovered this important historical document. When he put the“recovered”anniversary badge design as an important project of this promotion to the teachers and students，everyone was very frustrated，apart from the cheering.

早期的哈佛继承了中世纪的大学精神，将自己的精神皈依在基督的身上。“察验真理”、“荣耀归于基督”以及“为基督·为教会”成为哈佛忠实信仰。在哈佛早期的印章中，入眼看到的是三本展开的书籍，两本面向上，一本面朝下。在沉默中，它安静地向人们诠释着象征理性与启示的辩证关系。

随着殖民地经济的迅猛发展，从自然科学到工业革命以及人文关怀，科技与人文的双重动力，奠定了哈佛追求真理、崇尚科学的时代根基。哈佛大学的校训最终被定为“真理”。由哈佛学院时期沿用至今的哈佛大学校徽上面，用拉丁文写着VERITAS字样，意为“真理”。哈佛大学校训的原文，也是用拉丁文写的，意为“以柏拉图为友，以亚里士多德为友，更要以真理为友”。

1643年12月27，在学院第二任院长邓斯特主持举行的一次会议上，哈佛校徽诞生了。远处的查尔斯河依然在静静地流淌，然而历史总是在不经意间，向人们展现一个灰色的迷雾。校徽的设计一经出炉，便石沉大海。直到200年后，时任哈佛院长的昆西在主持200年校庆过程中，无意中发现了这份重要的历史文件。当他把这份“失而复得”的校徽图案作为本次校庆的重要项目推介给广大师生时，大家在欢呼之余，无不感慨万分。3. Harvard Institutions　哈佛大学机构设置

Now，the scale of Harvard University，assets Maria，is often jokingly called“the Harvard Empire.”Harvard University has 17 of the subjects，belong to two college students（Harvard College and Radcliffe College）哈佛大学法学院主楼and 10 graduate schools：Faculty of Arts and Sciences，Medical School，School of Education，School of Design，School of Public Health，John F. Kennedy School of Government，Law School，School of Dental Medicine，Divinity School，Business School. And it is directly linked to 95 libraries，seven Institute of Botany，two Observatory，more than 50 science，engineering and medical laboratories，nine natural history，medicine，art and archaeological museums. Harvard University also has many well-known research centers，such as the Centre for the Study of International Affairs，Education Policy Research Center，Environmental Design Research Center，Computer Research Centre. Oriental Research Center，Harvard-Yenching Institute，a specialized study of China，the United States by the well-known China experts Fairbank long-term support.

现在，哈佛大学规模庞大、资产超群，常被人戏称为“哈佛帝国”。哈佛大学设有17个学科系，分属两个本科生学院（哈佛学院和拉德克里夫学院）和10个研究生学院：文理学院、医学院、教育学院、设计学院、公共卫生学院、约翰·F·肯尼迪政府哈佛大学的马塞诸萨厅，建于1720年，是学院、法学院、牙医学院、神学哈佛大学现存最古老的建筑物院和商学院。与它有直接联系的有95家图书馆，7个植物研究所，2个天文台，50余个科学、工程和医学实验室，9家自然历史、医学、艺术和考古博物馆。哈佛大学还拥有许多著名的研究中心，如国际事务研究中心、教育政策研究中心、环境设计研究中心、电子计算机研究中心等。东方研究中心燕京研究所，是个专门研究中国问题的机构，受到美国著名中国问题专家费正清长期支持。● The Cradle of American Politicians—Harvard Law School（HLS）　美国政治家的摇篮——哈佛法学院

Harvard Law School is the oldest continually-operating law school in the USA，and is home to the largestt academic law library in the world. It is ranked third on the U.S. News & World Report Law School Ranking.

Harvard Law School graduates have accounted for some judicial clerkships in the past years，including one-quarter of all Supreme Court clerkships. More than 120 from the last five graduating classes have obtained tenure-track law teaching positions.

In Randall Hall—Law School's main building，there are 16 columns revealed the majesty of law. Under the Triangular gable above the center engraved Law School's philosophy：“be unyielding for people，but succumbs to God and the law.”That is，under the guidance of God，people should have to pursue of equality and freedom.

In Harvard Law School's annually 250 courses or small discussion classes，students from different degree courses mix with each other. Whether it is a big class with 80 students or a seminar with 10 students，professors will not evade any of the challenging problems. Whether professors or students，their views may be very different，but in the classroom at Harvard Law School they show the independence of spirit and freedom of thought. Harvard Law School's approximate hundred professors provide nearly 300 courses for students to choose，they also enjoy the discussions in both teaching and learning with students.

As a result，the boring law courses become lively. Correspondingly，the students' thinking becomes more active，which can be seen from one side. It is said that Harvard Law School student once put this poster to find his girlfriend：“Sensible，not sensitive；simply complicated；predictably irrational；kindly demanding；constructively critical；certain of uncertainty；managing risks；helplessly hopeful；persistent，yet flexible”.

哈佛法学院是美国历史最悠久的一所专业研究生院，也拥有目前世界上最大的法学研究图书馆。在《美国新闻与世界报道》法律学校排行中它排名第三。

法学院曾经培养了数位司法界专业毕业生（如法官与检察官助理）。而在美国最高法院中，有1/4的法官助理都是该校学生。在过去5届学生中，有超过120位毕业生已经获得大学教师资格。

在法学院的主楼兰德尔馆，16根石柱显示出法律的威严，主楼正中上方的三角形山墙下，刻着法学院的理念：“不屈就于人，但屈从于上帝和法律。”那就是在上帝的引领下，追求人所应该有的平等和自由。哈佛大学法学院的毕业生

在法学院每年提供的250门左右的课程或小班讨论课中，不同年哈佛商学院冬季景观级的学生混杂一起。无论是80人的大课堂还是10人的研讨班，教授都不会回避任何一个有挑战性的问题。无论教授还是学生，他们的观点也许迥然不同，但都在哈佛法学院课堂上展示着精神的独立和思想的自由。哈佛法学院的100多位教授开出了近300门课程供学生们选择，在与学生的讨论中，他们也享受着教学相长的乐趣。

由此，枯燥的法学课一下子变得生动活泼起来。与此相对应的是学生们的思维变得更加活跃，这从一个侧面可见一斑。据说，哈佛法学院的学生曾贴出这样一张找女友的海报：“敏而不疑，缜而不繁；娇而不横，求而不奢；诤而有益，谋而有断；处危有度，历难有瞻；其节如松，其韧若竹。”● The Origin of Master of Business Administration—Harvard Business School（HBS）MBA　教育的鼻祖——哈佛商学院

If Harvard is a crown of all the nation's universities，the Harvard Business School is the most dazzling jewel in the crown. Founded in 1908，Harvard Business School（HBS）is located across the Charles River in Boston，which almost has a long history the same as the management itself. It is the first American Graduate School that awarded the MBA students，offers a large full-time MBA program，doctoral programs，and many executive education programs，and it enjoys high reputation because it pioneers the case method and case for analysis. Harvard Business School of 103 years is the most famous universities to develop talents of management in the United States，which is described as the“West Point”of businessman，director and general manager. Many American business executives and political elite lived and learned here.

The buildings of Business School are quiet and elegant. Although it is a business school，it comes out with the elegant thought. When strolling into business school，there are the buildings with Victorian style behind the quiet and unique lawn. Exposure to them，you can not only feel the school with over a century's glorious history，but also can see its strong financial resources with the ambitions of expanding and construction. Harvard Business School always takes it as its mission to cultivate the distinctive leaders. With the gradually development，it has formed some aspects of school characteristics：

Harvard Business School can individualize the students through a variety of projects in groups，making each group of students both inside and outside the classroom can be closely linked. Harvard Business School has the world's most influential network of graduates. The graduates from Harvard Business School serve as the leaders in numerous organizations and various industries.

It owns Harvard Business School Publishing，which publishes business books，online management tools for corporate learning，case studies，and the monthly Harvard Business Review.

如果说哈佛大学是全美所有大学中的一顶王冠，那么哈佛商学院就是王冠上那颗最为光彩夺目的宝石。哈佛商学院成立于1908年，现坐落于波士顿查尔斯河对岸，几乎和管理学本身一样拥有正在上课的哈佛商学院学生们悠久的历史。它是美国第一所授予学生工商管理硕士学位（MBA）的研究生院，提供了全程MBA教程、博士培养和经理人员培训项目，同时它因首创案例教学法和案例分析法而在国际上享有盛誉。建校103年的哈佛商学院是美国培养企业管理人才最为著名的学府，被美国人称为是商人、主管、总经理的“西点军校”。美国许多企业高管和政治精英都在这里生活、学习过。

商学院的建筑沉静雅致，虽说是商学院，散发出来的却是沉思的淡雅。走进商学院的校园，宁静、悠远的大片草坪背后矗立着华丽、典雅，以维多利亚风格为主导的建筑群。置身其中，既可以感受到学校100多来年来辉煌的历史，哈佛图书馆夜景又可以领略其雄厚的财力以及学校不断扩展、建设的雄心。哈佛商学院始终把培养与众不同的领导者作为自身使命，在不断发展中逐渐形成了多方面的办学特色。

哈佛商学院能够因材施教，通过各种项目将学生分成小组，这使每一组的学生在课堂内外都能够紧密地联系在一起。哈佛商学院拥有世界上最具影响力的毕业生关系网。哈佛商学院的毕业生担任着众多组织、各类行业的领导者。

哈佛商学院拥有自己的出版社，出版商业书籍、企业学习在线杂志工具、案例研究和每月的《哈佛商业评论》。4. Travel around the Campus of Harvard University　哈佛校园一览● The Harvard Library—From the Bequest of John Harvard　哈佛图书馆——来自约翰·哈佛的遗赠

The University's traditional holdings of nearly 17 million volumes are rooted in the bequest of 400 books from John Harvard in 1638. Today，Harvard has more than 70 libraries gathered into a single system that constitutes the largest academic library in the world. Its holdings range from traditional print collections to rapidly expanding inventories of digital resources. As the largest academic library in existence，the Harvard Library is distinct compared with the greatest libraries in the world：the Library of Congress，the British Library，the New York Public Library，and the Bibliotheque Nationale de France. So far，a total of eight U.S. presidents and 43 Nobel Prize winners have studied here.

哈佛传统馆藏的近1700万册图书，是以1638年约翰·哈佛遗赠的400册书为基础的。如今，哈佛有70多个图书馆，集聚成了一个统一系统，也使它成为世界上最大的学术图书馆。其馆藏范围从传统印刷藏品延伸到迅速扩张的数字资源库。作为现存最大的学术图书馆，哈佛大学图书馆与世界上最大的图书馆——美国国会图书馆、大英博物馆图书馆、纽约公共图书馆和法国国家图书馆相比，有明显不同。迄今为止，总共有8位美国总统和43位诺贝尔奖获得者曾在这里学习过。● Widener Library　威德纳图书馆

The Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library，commonly known as Widener Library，is the primary building of the library system of Harvard University. Located on the south side of Harvard Yard directly across from Memorial 威德纳图书馆主楼正面Church，Widener serves as the centerpiece of the Harvard University Library system.It has collected three million volumes on its fifty miles of shelves. It is ranked the third largest in the country and the largest college library in the world.

Widener Library，which opened with a solemn ceremony on June 24，1915，commemorates Harry Elkins Widener（born January 3，1885 in Elkins Park，Pennsylvania），a 1907 Harvard graduate，a young Harvard bibliographer who drowned with the Titanic，are on display his original works and his private study. His mother，Eleanor Elkins，made a$3.5 million 哈佛大学主校区里的教学楼donation to Harvard University to build a library named after him.

哈利·埃尔金斯·威德纳纪念图书馆，通常叫做威德纳图书馆，是哈佛大学的图书馆系统的主要建筑。位于哈佛校园南部并横穿纪念教堂，威德纳图书馆内有图书300万册。作为哈佛大学图书馆系统的中心，它是美国第三大图书馆，也是世界上最大的大学图书馆。

威德纳图书馆在1915年6月24日开馆并举行了盛大的开馆仪式，是为了纪念哈利·埃尔金斯（1885年1月3日出生在宾夕法尼亚州埃尔金斯公园），他在1907年毕业于哈佛大学，是泰坦尼克沉船中不幸丧生的哈佛大学一位年轻的目录编纂者。为了纪念他，他的母亲埃莉诺·埃尔金斯为哈佛大学捐赠350万美元建立一个以他的名字命名的图书馆。● Harvard College Observatory　哈佛大学天文台

The Harvard College Observatory（HCO）is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy. It is located in Cambridge，Massachusetts，USA，and was founded in 1839. With the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory，it forms part of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

In 1839，the Harvard Corporation voted to appoint William Cranch Bond，a prominent Boston clockmaker，as“Astronomical Observer to the University”. This marked the founding of the Harvard College Observatory. HCO's first telescope，the 15-inch Great Refractor，installed in 1847，was the biggest telescope at that time in world.

Between 1847 and 1852 Bond and pioneer photographer John Adams Whipple used the Great Refractor telescope to produce images of the moon that are remarkable in their clarity of detail and aesthetic power，and their images of the moon took the prize for technical excellence in photography at the 1851 Great Exhibition at The Crystal Palace in London. On the night of July 16-17，1850，Whipple and Bond made the first daguerreotype of a star（Vega）.

In 1908，the observatory published the Harvard Revised Photometry Catalogue，which gave rise to the HR star catalogue，now maintained by the Yale University Observatory as the Bright Star Catalogue.

哈佛大学天文台（HCO）是一个管理许多办公大楼和多种天文研究仪器的机构。它是用于哈佛大学天文学系进行天文研究的场所，坐落在美国马萨诸塞州的剑桥镇，建于1839年，它与史密松天体物理台共同组成了哈佛-史密松天体物理中心。

1839年，哈佛法人代表通过投票决定任命波士顿钟表商威廉·邦德为大学天文台台长，这标志着哈佛天文台的创立。哈佛大学天文台的第一台折射望远镜是于1847年安装的口径为15英寸（38厘米）的折射望远镜，是当时世界上最1900年时的哈佛大学天文台大的望远镜。

1847～1852年，邦德与摄影先驱约翰·亚当斯·惠普尔一起使用折射望远镜进行了天体照相的工作，拍摄了月亮照片。这台望远镜在细节清晰度上和审美能力方面是卓越的。1851年，折射镜拍摄的月亮照片在英国伦敦举办的万国工业博览会上获奖。1850年7月16日至17日夜，邦德和惠普尔共同拍摄了织女星的照片，这是人类拍摄的第一张恒星的照片。哈佛大学天文台的折射望远镜

哈佛大学天文台于1908年出版了哈佛恒星测光表，书中列举了HR恒星星表，现在此星表被称为《亮星星表》保存于耶鲁大学天文台。● The Harvard Museums　哈佛博物馆

The Harvard Museums are not only for the teaching service but also for the public. One of the most worth visiting place is the Arnold Arboretum. Here，you can see the Swiss gentian，along with Mexico's cactus，blue water lily of Egypt against the background of the Korean Jindal，as well as Chinese plum blossom and peony. There are about 800 kinds of strange flowers，colorful，and never languish，because they are the original glass models of plants known as“Glass Flowers”，which are made by the two German artists. It is the only one in the world and people rated it as the“miracle of art in science，scientific miracles in art.”Besides Havard Museum of Natural History is also one of the most popular museums.

The Foggy Art Museum is one of the most famous museums at Harvard. It houses a painting exhibition that combines Pre-Raphaelite works from French Impressionists，and some twenty-seven Rubens. Ecclesiastical sculpture，18th century rococo porcelain，jewelry，textiles，furniture，and metal crafts are also exhibited. The Sackler is a beautiful and medium-sized museum that it has the world's most outstanding Chinese jades in its collections.

When walking through the campus，you can see a Turtle laden with tall stone，which is China's Harvard Alumni Association gave to Harvard in 1936 as three hundred years anniversary gift. Many Chinese students have studied here since the late Qing Dynasty such as Wang’an，Leoh Ming Pei and many others.

哈佛的博物馆，既为教学服务，又向公众开放。其中最值得参观的要数阿诺德植物园。在这里，瑞士的龙胆草伴随着墨西哥的仙人掌，埃及的蓝睡莲映衬着朝鲜的金达莱，还有中国的梅花和牡丹。名花奇卉约有800多种，色彩鲜艳且永不凋谢，原来它们是植物的玻璃模型，俗称“玻璃花”，这是两位德国艺术大师穷毕生精力制成，是世界上的绝品，人们誉之为“科学中的艺术奇迹，艺术中的科学奇迹”。另外，哈佛自然历史博物馆同样也是最受学生欢迎的博物馆之一。

福格艺术博物馆是哈佛九个博物馆中最著名的一个。博物馆内的画展，是拉斐尔前派、法国印象派和二十七鲁宾斯画的极好的组合。博物馆内还展出了基督教士的雕刻、18世纪洛可可、瓷器、珠宝、纺织品、家具和金属工艺品。塞克勒美术馆也是一个最漂亮而规模不大的博物馆，收藏着世界上最杰出的中国玉器。

漫步校园，能看到一块龟背驮着的高大石碑，那是中国哈佛同学会1936年在哈佛300年校庆时赠送的礼物。自清末以来，这里就有如王安、贝聿铭等众多的中国学子就读。● The“Pig Head”Shool Door　“猪头”校门

It is cannot find any word as“Harvard University”on buildings in famous Harvard campus. Harvard is a place filed with genius and intelligence，but the school gate was engraved with a pig head impressively. It is said that at the 学生们在自然历史博物馆参观beginning of the school，in order to celebrate the kayak team who won the championship，the students cheerfully killed a pig，and the pig head was hanging in the school door to memory. And today，people give it more means：Harvard has top education institute，even the stupid students come to Harvard，he or she can also have learned something.

在哈佛这个负有盛名的校园里，却找不到任何标有“哈佛大学”字眼的标志性建筑。一个天才学子云集的地方，却赫然在校门上刻着一个猪头。据说，建校之初，为了庆祝哈佛皮划艇代表队夺得冠军，学生们兴高采烈地宰杀了一福格艺术博物馆外观头猪，并把猪头悬挂于校门，以示庆贺。而今天，人们赋予“猪头校门”更多的寓意：哈佛教育研究水平顶尖，即便是猪头猪脑般的“蠢材”来到哈佛，也能够学有所成。● Statue of Three Lies　三个谎言铜像

Through a wide variety of the bookstores and cafes in“Harvard square”，you can see a great architecture built with grey granite. This is the administration building of Harvard University，in front of which stands a bronze statue. He is the minister John Harvard，one fateful body to become the leader of the Harvard. With bright eyes，he looks handsome，angular and gentle. His right hand presses an open bible，and his legs extend with the left foot slightly putting out the base. The peculiarities is the dark brown shoes with shiny toe and all its former Harvard admirers，without exception，would touch his left foot. It is said that the people who touch the foot can pass the examination and all wishes come true. Inadvertently standing religious“a Century's Caress”，Harvard is still staring deeply this land，which is full of passion and dreams，and gives birth to ideals and legends.

The three lines are engraved on the base of the statue，but they are well known as Harvard three lies. The first line is“John Harvard”，the following line is the“founder”and the third line is“1638”. At first glance，no matter whoever will understand“in the 1638 Harvard himself founded Harvard University.”In fact，these three simple statements actually don’t match the facts！

First，the statue was not built according to the true appearance of Harvard，because John Harvard was dead prematurely and did not leave any portraits or any heirs. The sculptor just selected a handsome student to be the model and adopted Puritan dress in the 17th century. Then finished this Harvard statue in high spirits today. In other words，this portrait is just a stand-in for Harvard.

Second，John Harvard is just the donor of the university and not the founder as written on the base.

Third，Harvard University was built in 1636 not in 1638，which was written on the statue.

Obviously，the statue of Harvard has made a sort of joke with people，but it also occasionally been parodied. It is said that a group of students who rode the night，dressed the Harvard statue as a super-warrior in the game. Under the tinker of them，the old Harvard in the 哈佛大学行政楼前的约翰·哈佛的雕像helmet of the protagonist in the game，with arm relying on a machine gun，sat“solemnly”for a whole night. From this，we can see the humor of history，perhaps just this interaction across time and space greatly reduces the distance between Harvard and people.

Although the statue of Harvard has“lied”，the three lies do not forbid people from accepting it. It seems that truths and lies will not stand in the mutually exclusive opposition in the distant past and future ，but rather two sides of a coin，which keep tips of the people to make deep speculation about yesterday and today，past and future.

穿过拥有各色书店和咖啡馆的“哈哈佛大学的“猪头”校门佛广场”，就能看到一座用灰色花岗岩建成的巨大建筑。这就是哈佛的行政楼——“大学楼”。楼前耸立着一座铜像，他就是牧师约翰·哈佛——一位注定要成为哈佛永远的领路人。哈佛雕像看上去眉目清秀、目光炯炯、棱角分明、温文尔雅。他右手按着一本打开的圣经，双腿前伸，而左脚略伸出底座一截。特别之处在于原本深褐色的鞋尖显得格外锃亮，所有哈佛的仰慕者无一例外地都要摸一摸他的左脚尖。据说摸过此脚的人可以金榜题名、心想事成。无意间经受虔诚的“百年爱抚”之后，哈佛仍然深深地凝视着这片饱含激情与梦想、孕育理想与传奇的土地。

而铜像底座上雕刻的三行字，却是世人皆知的哈佛三大谎言。第一行刻着“约翰·哈佛”，下面一行是“创办人”，第三行则是“1638”。乍一看，谁都会理解为“哈佛本人在1638年创办了哈佛大学”。实际上，这三个简单的词居然都与事实不符！

第一，铜像并非根据哈佛本人的真实相貌建造，因为约翰·哈佛英年早逝，既没有留下什么画像，也没有留下子嗣。雕塑家只好从学生中挑选了一个英俊的模特，又采纳了17世纪清教徒的装束，铸成今天这座神采飞扬的哈佛雕像。也就是说，现在的这座人像，只是哈佛的一个替身。

第二，约翰·哈佛只是大学的捐赠者，而不是底座上写的创建者。

第三，哈佛的建校时间是1636年，而不是铜像上写的1638年。

哈佛雕像和人们开了一个不大不小的玩笑，而它自身同样偶尔会被恶搞。据说，一群学生曾趁着夜色，将哈佛铜像装扮成游戏中的超级勇士。哈佛老先生在他们的鼓捣下，顶上了游戏主角的头盔，手臂上靠着一把机枪，很是“庄严”地坐了一夜。历史的风趣往往就在这里，也许正是这种跨越时空的互动，大大缩短了哈佛与人们的距离。

虽然哈佛雕像“说了谎”，但这三大谎言并不妨碍人们真心接纳这座哈佛铜像。在久远的过去与未来，真理与谎言似乎并不是水火不容的对立者，而更像一个铜板的两面，不断向人们提示着关于昨天与今天、过去与未来的深刻思辩。4.School Life　学习生活

Harvard locates in the scenic city of Bolton Cambridge. The campus is divided by Charles River and Harvard Business School lies to the south of Charles River. 哈佛校园，经过风雪的洗礼，她This antique Anderson Bridge is the 似乎更美了Harvard's main thoroughfare from North Campus to South Campus.It has a lot of pictogram with Cambridge UK town：landscape，climate，culture，founded by Harvard University of Cambridge... It is the original model. Harvard occupies 380 acres，and a church lies in the middle of the 1930s to commemorate，it is surrounded by dormitories，libraries and classrooms，and other different styles of architectures. Holden Chapel，Massachusetts Hall（the oldest of the Harvard architecture，built in 1720），Harvard Hall，and Widener Library are well-known ancient buildings，which embody the old World elegance of the building's majestic beauty.俯瞰哈佛大学校园

The south and west ends of Harvard bordering Massachusetts Avenue. Massachusetts Hall stands on the left while Harvard Hall is on the right. Harvard Hall was burned down in a terrible blazes in 1764 and was later rebuilt on its original site. It is the third oldest building on campus. The oldest building“the College Clock”，a part of the original structure，is still standing there. It has been repainted andreconstructed to retain its 18th-century appearance.

Walking across the lawn，students were now in front of University Hall，which is granite building designed by Bulfinch in 1816. In the Hall，the dining-room，classroom，chapel，and the President's Offices are still in their original condition. Some of the rooms are now being used as offices.

We walked past University Hall into the New Yard，which is mostly occupied，on the south by the massive Corinthian Colonnade atop the monumental flight of stairs of the Widener Library. To the north of the library is located the Memorial Church to honor the heroesof Harvardin World Wars. Its delicate white spire soars into the sky in memory of the past.

Then we turned to the east side of University Hall. From there we saw Sever Hall，which has been called“a turning point in the course of American architecture”. This building，as beautiful as a budding girl，looks just fantastic. The interior walls are covered by very delicate fine panel with windows shining brilliantly.

Austin Gothic architecture is a masterpiece of world architectural history. Designed in 1865 by Robert Weir and Brent Henry Fanbu，it was the monument of American federalism and the abolitionists. The rear of the memorial is Sheng Desi theaters，with sound design class.

哈佛坐落在风景宜人的波顿剑桥城。哈佛校园分列在查尔斯河两岸，哈佛商学院在查尔斯河的南面。古色古香的安德森桥，是从哈佛北校区到南校区的主要通道。哈佛大学与英国剑桥镇有很多的相形：风景、气候、人文、创办者……剑桥大学是哈佛最初的模型。哈佛占地380英亩，正中有建于20世纪30年代的纪念教堂，周围是学生宿舍、图书馆和教室等各种不同风格的建筑，其中霍尔登小教堂、马萨诸塞厅（现存最早的哈佛建筑，建于1720年）、哈佛堂和威德纳图书馆都是著名的古建筑，具有旧大陆建筑的庄严典雅之美。

校园的西面和南面是以马萨诸塞大道为界。左边是马萨诸塞厅，右边是哈佛大楼。哈佛大楼是哈佛大学的第三座大楼，是1764年被大火烧毁后，在原地重建的。哈佛最古老的建筑物“学校大钟塔”仍然矗立在那里，它是原来建筑物的一部分，从油漆到组装，都是18世纪原来面貌的再现。

穿过草坪就到了大学楼，那是1816年由巴尔费尼德设计的。它不仅保留着原来的餐厅、教室、小教堂和校长办公室，现在还增加了其他的办公室。

走过大学楼，进入了一个新的院子。那里有威德纳图书馆。图书馆的南哈佛校园中心，校园的树木草坪边卡林单廊柱非常巨大，阶梯十分雄很整洁，在这儿散步心情愉悦伟。馆的北边是一座纪念在两次世界大战中殉难的哈佛英雄的教堂，白塔尖凌空而雅致。

然后，转向大学楼的东面，从这里能看见一座赛佛大楼，这座楼被称为“美国建筑艺术上的一个转折点”，它的外貌像幻觉中的少女一样漂亮，内部是美丽的木头镶嵌的墙和光辉夺目的窗子。亚当斯学舍餐厅内部

罗斯金哥特式建筑是世界建筑史上的杰作。1865年由罗伯特·维尔和亨利·范布伦特设计，是美国联邦主义和废奴主义的纪念碑。纪念馆的后部是圣德斯剧院，音效设计一流。● The Restaurant of Harvard　哈佛饮食

Adams House is located near Massachusetts Avenue. where is the nearest one to Harvard. Dinner here is very rich，with fish cooking into a multi-course. Also there are dozens of different names of dishes and a variety of soups or drinks. From the antique-style hanging lamps and dim and soft light to red carpet，orange walls and the brown tables，all of those are meaningful，which make people lingered. The painting portraits of the former president Adams and many Harvard senior graduates with dark suits hang in the walls. They look kindly，watching generation after generation of students who eat here. You can often see many old men return to Adams restaurant，reminding of their youth in the excellent sound of classical music.

亚当斯学舍靠近马萨诸塞大道，离哈佛园最近。晚餐非常丰盛，有鱼肉烹成的多道主菜，还有几十种名称各异的小菜以及多种汤或饮料。从古董式挂灯昏黄而柔和的灯光到红色的地毯、橘黄色的墙壁和褐色餐桌，一切隽永如斯，令人流连。前总统亚当斯和身着深色学位服的众多哈佛前辈的油画肖像悬挂在四壁，他们以亲切的目光永恒地注视着一代又一代在这里用餐的学子。经常可以看到白发苍苍的老人重返亚当斯餐厅，在音色极好的古典音乐声中静静品味曾经的青春岁月。● Refreshing Yourself at Harvard　休闲娱乐

With the combination of curricular and extracurricular，Harvard includes 400 official students' organizations，and its numbers and nature have been in constant development. The College provides considerable support to students' organizations，and other activities，and both freshmen and accomplished practitioners can find opportunities to participate and explore. Indeed，many extra-curricular activities take an important part in Harvard education，as well as it is a way to enrich the community life of the College. The future careers of many students are influenced by their non-academic commitments，such as journalism and literature，music and the art，public service，religious life and business，which named is just a few.

Of course，there are still laid-back life at Harvard after class. The red maple leaf of New England is a well-known scenic spot. It's the Holy Land where visitors enjoy the maple leaf. Between Autumn and Winter，the campus is covered with the fallen rustling leaves. When winter snows fall，students can not only make an appointment of snowball fights like what they do in childhood，but also find plum blossom with fun unlimited.

On April each year，it holds the sports competitions which have held between Harvard and Yale for 150 years. The students at Harvard can participate in a variety of sports such as basketball，soccer，volleyball，tennis，rugby and so on.哈佛纪念教堂外观2006年哈佛大学与康奈尔大学的曲棍球比赛

In addition to many traditional and annual activities，associations or societies hold Colloquium Conference for specific topics，foreign students organize a variety show to celebration the world culture，and school holds a formal banquet aboutforeign affairs，which are overwhelming.

哈佛的课内和课外相结合，包括400个正式学生组织，其数量和性质还一直在不断发展。学院为学生组织和其他活动提供了相当大的支持，新生和毕业生都有参与、探索的机会。事实上，对于许多学生而言，课外活动构成了哈佛教育的重要组成部分，同时，这也是他们为哈佛学院丰富的社会生活作贡献的一种方式。很多学生未来的职业生涯会受到这些非学术组织的影响，像新闻和文学、音乐和艺术、公共服务、宗教服务、商业活动等，这里只是列举了少数。

当然，在课外，哈佛生活还是有悠闲惬意的一面。新英格兰的红枫乃是学校一道知名的胜景，历来都是游客的赏枫胜地。秋冬之际，校园里残红遍地、落叶萧萧，亦已美得萧瑟。冬雪时，同学们相约如儿时打雪仗，踏雪寻梅亦乐趣无限。

每年4月间都会举办有150余年传统的哈佛、耶鲁体育竞赛，这是年度盛会。哈佛学生可参加多种体育运动，比如篮球、足球、排球、网球、橄榄球等。

除了许多传统和年度活动外，社团或学会针对特定议题举办学术讲座会或研讨会，外国学生会筹办展现世界文化的各种庆典，校方会举办外交性正式宴会，令人应接不暇。5. Winners in Every Field——Notable People from Harvard University　行行出状元——哈佛名人录

Harvard lives in the same city with the world's first underground railway，the first telephone line！Almost all the United States pioneer come from here since the Revolutionary War of the United States. She is known as the U.S. government thinking bank. Here，have born eight U.S. presidents and thirty Pulitzer Prize winners.

哈佛，与世界上第一条地铁、第一条电话线生活在同一个城市！美国独立战争以来几乎所有的革命先驱都出自于她的门下，她被誉为美国政府的思想库。在这里，先后诞生了8位美国总统和30位普利策奖得主。● Barack Hussein Obama　贝拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马

It was as a law student that Obama first made history—he was elected the first black president of the Harvard Law Review in the spring of 1990. Obama met many professors and classmates who would prove help in his meteoric political 在哈佛大学求学时的奥巴马rise from state senator to president of the United States in five years.

He arrived on campus at the age of 27 in the fall of 1988，older than many of his classmates because he became as a community organizer in Chicago for a period. His classmates and friends said that Obama didn’t speak much about his unique background. Obama's performance inside and outside the classroom attracted more notice than his distinctive personal story.

In the spring of his first year at law school，Obama was called by the Professor Laurence who asked him whether he would like to be a research assistant. Laurence rarely hired first-year students but recalled being struck by Obama's unusual combination of intelligence，curiosity and maturity. He was so impressed，that he hired Obama on the spot—and wrote his name and phone number on his calendar that day—March 31，1989—for posterity. Laurence likes to say he had taught about 4，000 students before Obama and another 4，000 since，yet none has impressed him more.

还是在作为哈佛大学法律系的一名学生的时候，奥巴马就首次创造了历史——1990年春，他被选为哈佛法律评论的第一位黑人领袖。五年间，奥巴马结识了很多教授和同学，这些人都在他的政治生涯中起到了举足轻重的作用，这一点可以从其担任州议员到之后担任总统中得到有效的印证。

在1988年秋季入学时，他已27岁，比很多同学年龄要大，因为在这之前，他曾在芝加哥的一个社区做过一段时间的组织工作。他的同学和朋友说，奥巴马很少谈论自己的独特背景。与鲜明的个人故事相比，奥巴马在课堂内外的表现更加引人注目。

在奥巴马来到法学院第一年春天，劳伦斯教授叫住他，询问他是否愿意做他的助理研究员。要知道，劳伦斯很少雇佣一年级的学生，他回忆说是被奥巴马独特的综合气质所吸引：智慧、好奇、成熟。事实上，正因为劳伦斯对他的印象如此深刻，以至于在见第一面时他就雇佣了他，并且把他的名字和电话号码写在了日历上——时间为1989年3月31日，以留给后人。劳伦斯常说，在奥巴马之前他曾教过4000多名学生，在他之后也有4000多名，然而没有一位给他留下更深的印象。6. Friendship between Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology　哈佛大学和麻省理工学院的友谊

Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have always existed between the friendly competition，this relationship could be traced back to 哈佛大学体育场1900，when the merger of the two schools issue was widely discussed，even at a time agreed by the authorities（ It was cancelled by the Massachusetts court）. Today，the two schools between cooperation and competition remains similar，often a lot of seminars and cooperation projects，including the Harvard MIT Health Science and Technology Ministry，the Harvard MIT data Centre，Dibner history of science and technology institutes. In addition，the two schools between the undergraduate and graduate students can also do not pay additional costs will be of mutual registration，access to credits to get their own school degree.

Afterwards，Harvard University established School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. As the Harvard engineering disciplines did not improve the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology，many Harvard students to 俯瞰麻省理工学院主校区the mechanics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，Polytechnic courses or doing the research（Harvard University has several times tried to merge with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，but first is restricted by the two sides Within the campus，coupled with the independence to prevent the university，the Massachusetts court in 1904 ruled it illegal，since there is no merger moves）.

哈佛大学和麻省理工学院（MIT）之间一直存在着友好的竞争关系，这种关系可以追溯到1900年，那时候两校合并的问题被广泛讨论，甚至在某个时候被当局达成一致（后来被马诸塞州的法院取消）。今天，这两所学校之间的合作和竞争依然不相上下，经常有很多合作的研讨会和项目，包括哈佛MIT健康科学与技术部、哈佛MIT数据中心、Dibner历史科技研究所，此外，两校的本科生和研究生之间还可以不用缴纳额外费用就能相互注册，获得学分来得到自己本校的学位。

哈佛大学后来才成立工程与应用科学学院。由于哈佛的工程学科没有邻近的麻省理工学院完善，许多哈佛学生会到麻省理工学院修理工的课程或做理工的研究（哈佛大学曾经数次尝试与麻省理工学院合并，但一是受限于双方校园内部的意见，再加上为防止大学独大，麻省大法庭于1904年裁定此举违法，至今并无任何合并举动）。7. Harvard Anecdotes　哈佛趣事● Mr. Harvard Freshman　哈佛美男选举

Harvard's online Freeze College magazine holds a beauty pageant for newly enrolled male students every year.

Being Mr. Harvard Freshman is really a tough job：in addition to looks，the winner needs to have a sense of humor and an outgoing，charismatic personality. But before all that，he has to undergo a rather grueling competition to win the title.

Out of over 700 freshmen from all over the world，80 are chosen to take part in the contest. A second vote by students picks 30 to go on to the next round. Only 13 can make it to the final，in which they undergo a strict exam. After that，online voters select their favorite man，and a Mr. Harvard Freshman emerges.

This genuinely fair procedure means that Mr. Harvard Freshman deserves his legend，“the star of Harvard”.

This year the 13 contestants are from America，Singapore，France and Finland，among other countries. Their different cultural backgrounds make for different personalities. Some are athletes，some are refined；others are nervous，obviously scared by the occasion.

In order that students can get a better insight into the young men，Freeze College makes available detailed online profiles to Harvard's voting public.

On the topic webpage，there are questions for the guys to answer；for example“Why do you think Harvard are the best·”

But 哈佛美男选举flattering the female voters doesn’t necessarily make a candidate a 2012年哈佛大学美男选举中进winner. Last 入决赛的13名新生year，Mr. Harvard Freshman，Siddhant Singh Dormi，from Mumbai，India said that a relationship should develop naturally；showering a girl with complements wasn’t the way to her heat. The simplicity and honesty of his answer must have gone a long way to winning him that years Mr. Harvard Freshman title.

在哈佛，校园网络杂志“冰冻校园”每年都要举办一次哈佛新入校男生的“选美大会”。

由于代表着新一届学生的风采，“哈佛男生”的遴选标准近乎苛刻—除了外形出众、幽默、机智和富有人格魅力外，还要经历层层考验。

首先是海选，从700多名来自世界各地的哈佛新生中公开投票选出80名入围选手；然后再由全校学生网络公投，选出30名进入半决赛；一番PK后留下13名男生，在接受各方面人士的严格考核和网络投票后，最终诞生一位“哈佛男生”。

整个选举过程遵循真实、公平的原则，可以说，最终夺冠的这位“哈佛男生”绝对是实至名归的“哈佛之星”。

如今，“哈佛男生”已经进行到2012届比赛的最后环节——13名候选者正等待最后一次网络投票。13位帅哥来自美国、新加坡、法国和芬兰等国家和地区，不同的文化背景也造就了他们迥然不同的气质，既有斯文学院派，又有阳光运动男，当然，忧郁腼腆型的也很受欢迎。

为了让学生们更加了解这13位花样美男，“冰冻校园”在网上开辟了专题供候选者展示风采。除此之外，活动组织者还为他们拍摄宣传照，可谓煞费苦心。

在“哈佛男生”的专题中，除了13位选手的基本资料外，还附有一些机智问答，如“为什么他们认为哈佛的女生最棒”。

尽管每个选手都会在回答中对哈佛女生极尽赞誉，但这并不代表嘴甜就能夺冠。相反，事实证明，哈佛女生还真不吃这一套，上届的冠军是来自印度孟买的斯丁哈特·森格，他甚至认为不需要故意跟女孩搭讪，如果有缘，那么感情自然而然会发生。这样朴实无华但又智慧十足的回答，立刻捕获了众多支持者的心，使他战胜了其他对手。● Primal Scream　哈佛裸奔减压

Since 1960，the Harvard students started to open their dormitory window and scream for 10 minutes on the eve of final exam. The streaking activities before exam will be held 2 times every year from 1990 till today. It has become a tradition of Harvard University.

There are two reasons of Harvard students' public streaking：one is that if dare to do public streaking，how can you be afraid of the final exam· The second one is that if the body not strapped，how can thoughts to be bounded·

自1960年起，哈佛大学学生们举行在期末考试前夜打开宿舍窗户尖叫10分钟的活动，从1990年开始，每年进行两次考前裸奔活动。这项活动已成为哈佛大学的传统。

哈佛学生当众裸奔有两个理由：一是如果当众裸奔都不怕了，期末考还用怕吗？二是如果身体都不受束缚了，思想还会被束缚吗？

Chapter 3 Yale University——A Laboratory for Future Leaders 第三章 耶鲁大学——培养未来领袖的实验室

Yale University is a private school located at NewHaven，Connecticut of the United States. It was founded in 1701 with the beginning of Collegiate School，and was the second oldest university in Ivy. The US News & World Report ranked Yale third among national universities in 2012，as it has for each of the past fifteen years，in every case behind，in either order or tied，Princeton and Harvard. It was ranked fourth in the 2011 QS World University Rankings and tenth in the 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

Yale has produced many notable alumni，including five US Presidents，19 US Supreme Court Justices，and several foreign heads of state. Yale is regarded as the laboratory for future leaders.

耶鲁大学坐落于康涅狄格州纽黑文市，也是一所私立大学。它始创于1701年，初名“大学学院”，是常青藤盟校中第二古老的学校。据《美国新闻与世界报道》杂志公布的2012年全美高校排名中，耶鲁大学排名第三；在过去15年里，耶鲁一直与哈佛大学、普林斯顿共同角逐美国大学前三的位置。耶鲁大学在2011年《QS世界大学》排名第四，在2010年《泰晤士高等教育》世界大学排行榜排名第十。

耶鲁培养了许多著名的校友，包括5位美国总统、19位美国最高法院法官和外国国家元首，被誉为培养未来领袖的实验室。2. Past and Present——Established Story　前世今生——耶鲁大学的故事● The Establishment of the Yale University　耶鲁大学的成立

Yale's roots can be traced back to the 1640s，when colonial clergymen led an effort to establish a college in New Haven to preserve the tradition of European liberal education in the New 1701年，批准耶鲁大学成立的World. This vision was fulfilled in 1701，宪章when the charter was granted for a school“where in Youth may be instructed in the Arts and Sciences through the blessing of Almighty God may be fitted for Public employment both in Church and Civil State.”A group of ten Congregationalist ministers，all of whom were alumni of Harvard，met in Connecticut of Branford，Connecticut，to pool their books to form the school's first library. The group is now known as“The Founders”.

Originally the school called the Collegiate School，the institution opened in the home of its first rector，Abraham Pierson，in Killingworth（now Clinton）. In 1716，the college moved to New Haven，Connecticut. The school was renamed“Yale College”in gratitude to the Welsh merchant Elihu Yale，who had donated the proceeds from the sale of nine bales of goods together with 417 books and a portrait of King George I. It 威尔士商人伊莱休·耶鲁was the predecessor of Yale University.

耶鲁大学的历史可以追溯到17世纪40年代，在殖民地牧师的努力下建立纽黑文大学，以用来在这片新世界维持欧洲自由教育的传统。但这一设想直至1701年才完成，宪章通过“使青年可以学习艺术和科学……为教会和国家服务”的宗旨而成立了耶鲁大学。当时，10位来自哈佛毕业生的基督教公理会教士，在康涅狄格州之布兰福德会首，集合了众人的藏书后创建了学校的首个图书馆。这10位教士，现今被认为是耶鲁大学的创始人。

耶鲁大学最初被称为“大学学院”，学校开设在首位校长亚伯拉罕·皮尔逊位于灵顿（今为克林顿）的家中。1716年校址迁至康州纽黑文市。1718年学校更名为耶鲁大学，以感谢威尔士商人伊莱休·耶鲁对学校的捐助。伊莱休·耶鲁为大学学院捐献了9捆货物出售的货款，还捐献了417本图书和一幅英王乔治一世像。这便是耶鲁大学的前身。● The Development of the Yale University　耶鲁大学的发展

Yale College survived the American Revolutionary War（1775～1783）intact and，by the end of its first hundred years，had grown rapidly. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries brought the establishment of the graduate and professional schools that would make Yale a true university. The Yale School of Medicine was chartered in 1810，followed by the Divinity School in 1822，the Law School in 1824，and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1847（which，in 1861，awarded the first Ph.D. in the United States），followed by the schools of Art in 1869，Music in 1894，Forestry & Environmental Studies in 1900，Nursing in 1923，Drama in 1955，Architecture in 1972，and Management in 1974. The University began admitting women students at the graduate level in 1869 and as undergraduates in 1969.

耶鲁大学在美国独立战争（1775～1783年）中被完好无损地保留了下来，并在成立后的100年里发展迅猛。19世纪和20世纪陆续建立研究生院和专业学院使耶鲁成为真正意义上的大学。耶鲁大学医学院根据宪章于1810年成立，然后于1822年建立神学院，1824年建立法学院，1847年成立文理学院（于1861年授予美国第一个博士学位），1869年成立艺术学院，1894年成立音乐学院，1900年成立森林与环境研究学院、1923年成立护理学院，1955年成立戏剧学院，1972年成立建筑学院，1974年成立机构和管理学院。自1869年开始，耶鲁大学为女生开设了研究生课程，直到1969年才招收本科课程的第一名女生。● Today's Yale　今日耶鲁

Today，Yale has matured into one of the world's great universities. Its 11，000 students come from all fifty American states and from 108 countries. The 3，200-member faculty is a richly diverse 1807年，耶鲁大学红砖结构的group of men and women who are 教学楼leaders in their respective fields. The central campus now covers 170 acres stretching from the Nursing School in downtown New Haven to tree-shaded residential neighborhoods around the Divinity School. Yale's 225 buildings include contributions from distinguished architects of every period in its history. Styles range from New England Colonial to High Victorian Gothic，from Moorish Revival to contemporary. Yale's buildings，towers，lawns，courtyards，walkways，gates，and arches comprise what one architecture critic has called“the most beautiful urban campus in America.”

Yale is in the midst of the largest investment in its facilities since the 1930s. A new School of Art complex has opened，and new science and environmental laboratories，as well as a new athletic center and student 深秋，美丽的耶鲁大学校园residence，have been erected. There have been major renovations of both historic academic buildings and the undergraduate residential colleges. In the decade ahead，the University will invest an equal amount in facility improvements for the benefit of students and scholars alike.

今天，耶鲁已经发展成为世界上最伟大的大学之一。耶鲁的11000名学生来自美国50个州和世界108个国家。3200名教师组成一个非常多样化教师队伍，在他们各自擅长的领域发挥着领导的作用。占地170英亩的主校区从纽黑文市中心的护理学院一直延伸到神学院绿树成荫的宿舍区。耶鲁大学的225座建筑包括了耶鲁历史上各个时期的杰出建筑师的作品。建筑风格从新英格兰殖民风格到维多利亚哥特式风格，从摩尔复兴风格到当代风格，各不相同。耶鲁的建筑、城堡、草坪、庭院、长廊、大门和拱门构成了建筑评论家口中“美国最美丽的城市校园”。

自从20世纪30年代以来，耶鲁在基础设施上进行了大量投资。现已启用的有新建的艺术学院大楼，一系列用于科学和环境保护研究的新实验室，以及一个新体育中心和学生宿舍楼。对一切具有历史价值的建筑物和本科生寄宿学院，学校也进行了大规模的维修翻新。在今后的10年内，耶鲁还要投入相当规模的资金，用于改善学生和学者的学习生活条件。3. The Motto of Campus　耶鲁校训● The Motto　学校校训

Serious American students of theology and divinity，particularly in New England，regarded Hebrew as a classical language，along with Greek and Latin，and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The reverend Ezra Stiles，president of the College from 1778 to 1795，required all freshmen to study Hebrew（in contrast to Harvard，where only upperclassmen were required to study the language）and wrote the Hebrew words“Urim”and“Thummim”（in Latin，Lux et Veritas，meaning light and truth）on the Yale seal.

在美国，尤其是在新英格兰地区，严谨的神学学生将希伯来文、希腊文和拉丁文共认为经典语言，因为这对学习旧约原文至关重要。埃兹拉·斯泰尔斯是一个牧师，1778～1795年任耶鲁校长，他要求所有新生学习希伯来文（当时哈佛大学则仅要求高年级学生学习），并且将希伯来文的校训“光明与真知”（在拉丁语中，Luxet Veritas是光明和真知的意思）写上校徽。● The Spirit of Yale　耶鲁精神

As Yale president Richard Levin said：“to educate people to serve the community does not 耶鲁大学校徽埃兹拉·斯泰尔斯校长mean that education must focus on mastering the practical skills. Yale aims to provide students a broad，free education side，rather than narrow career of education to equip them with leadership skills and sense of service. Yale University is also a community of mutual respect and cherishes freedom of expression and exploring things in the world. The mode of interaction of people in the community serves the society in the same way.”——Always putting emphasis on social responsibility，contempt for authority，respect for the pursuit of freedom and independence of character is considered to be the essence of“Yale spirit”，which is a valuable asset of Yale dedicated to the world.

正如理查德·莱文校长所说：“教育人们服务于社会并不意味着教育必须集中于掌握实用性的技能。耶鲁追求为学生提供一个宽广、自由的教育面，而非狭窄的职业性教育，以便使他们具备领导才能和服务意识。耶鲁大学同时也是一个相互尊重的社区，并且珍视自由的表达和对世间万物的探寻。在这个社区中，人们的互动模式同样服务于社会。”——永远强调对社会的责任感、蔑视权威、追求自由和崇尚独立人格被认为是“耶鲁精神”的精髓，它是耶鲁人奉献给世人的一份宝贵财富。4. Educational Characteristics of Yale　耶鲁大学教育特色● Professor Managing　教授治校

The most important management feature of Yale is“professor managing”，which has had a enormous influence to the American higher education. At the beginning，after three generations of the headmaster's efforts，Yale gradually formed regulations that a board of directors didn’t participate in school management specificly，and the professors would manage the university. There was spreading such a few words in US：“a board of directors is in power in Princeton，the principal manages a household in Harvard，and Professors take responsibility in Yale”.

Over the past 300 years，Yalies have been able to adhere to the independent spirit，and were proud of insisting the external political pressure and material inducements. At the middle of the 18th century，the president of Yale，Thomas Clap insisted that the Yale was private schools，and stressed the independence of university. For this purpose，he took all possible ways to boycott the local government's interference，even resorted to law. The present president of Yale University Richard Levin also had refused a$20 million donation unhesitatingly for the donor proposed additional requirements about courses and professors' appointment. Even in the former President Bush was invited back to his Alma to accept Honorary Doctorate in Laws，Yale's professors and students also declared their objections.

Chang-lin Tien，the former Chancellor University of California，Berkeley once said：“in the United States，We have a consensus，the school professor power is great，which a school in the future will become the most famous school.”Professor managing is not only regarded as the standard by Berkeley，but also the Yale observes for 300 years.

耶鲁最重要的管理特色是“教授治校”，这一特色对美国高等教育产生了巨大影响。建校初期，经过3代校长的努力，耶鲁逐渐形成了董事会不具体参与校务管理、而由教授治校的法规。在当时的美国流传着这样一句话：“普林斯顿董事耶鲁大学最古老的建筑物——康州会堂掌权、哈佛校长当家、耶鲁教授做主”。

300年来，耶鲁人一直为能够坚持独立精神，不向外来的政治压力、物质利诱妥协而自豪。18世纪中叶，托马斯·克莱普任院长期间，坚持耶鲁是私立学校，并十分强调大学的独立。为此，他采取一切可能的方式对地方政府的干涉进行抵制，直至诉诸法律。现任校长理查德·莱文亦曾因捐款人对耶鲁所设课程及其教授聘任提出附加要求，而毫不犹豫地拒绝了2000万美元的捐赠。即使在哈克尼斯塔楼，耶鲁大学的标志前任总统布什被邀请回母校接受一个荣性建筑誉法律博士学位时，耶鲁的教授与学生也公开表示了自己的反对意见。

加州大学前校长田长霖教授曾经说：“在美国，大家有一种认识，哪一个学校的教授力量大，哪一个学校将来就会成为最著名的学校。”教授治校不仅被伯克利奉为圭臬，也同样是耶鲁300年来所尊奉的。● Humanism Highland　人文主义高地

One of Yale humanities education's goals is to foster the humane spirit of students——one kind of pursue life true meaning rational manner，namely the concern life value realizes，between person's freedom and the equal as well as the person and social，the nature harmony and so on. Therefore，on Yale's badge，there is writing“light and truth”，which inherits Europe humanities tradition，for the church，more specifically for the axiom and the clergy who raised for the populace——in 1701 Yale's Charter：The education goal is enables the young people“serves for the church and the Non-profit organization”. Present Principal Richard Levin also said：“let the young students with oneself in academic，specialty and so on art achievements make the contribution for the society，works for the humanity survival requirement's improvement.”

耶鲁人文教育的目标之一是培养学生的人文精神——一种追求人生真谛的理性态度，即关怀人生价值的实现、人的自由与平等以及人与社会、自然之间的和谐等。因而在耶鲁的校徽上，书写着“光明与真知”几个字，那就是继承欧洲人文科学传统，为教会，或者更具体地说是为公理、为民众培养的神职人员——在耶鲁1701年的宪章上写道：教育的目的是使年轻人“能为教会和公共事业服务”。现任校长理查德·莱文也说：“让青年学生们用自己在学术、艺术等专业上的成就为社会作出贡献，为人类生存条件的改善而工作。”5. Yale University and American Politics　耶鲁大学与美国政治

The Boston Globe wrote that“if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past few decades，it's Yale.”Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election since 1972. Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford，George H.W. Bush，Bill Clinton，and George W. Bush，and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry（2004），Joseph Lieberman（Vice President，2000），and Sargent Shriver（Vice President，1972）. Other Yale alumni who made serious bids for the Presidency during this period include Howard Dean（2004）and Gary Hart（1988）.

Several explanations have been offered for Yale's representation in national elections since the end of the Vietnam War. Various sources note the spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s，and the intellectual influence of William Sloane Coffin on many of the future candidates. 耶鲁大学毕业生，美国第38任Yale President Richard Levin attributes 总统杰拉德·福特the run to Yale's focus on creating“a laboratory for future leaders”.《波士顿环球报》曾经写道：“如果有那么一所学校能够自称在过去几十年为美国培养了高级领袖，那就是耶鲁大学。”自1972年以来，耶鲁大学校友在历次的美国总统大选中都或代表民主党或代表共和党参选。自越南战争结束以后耶鲁法学院毕业于耶鲁大学的美国总统包括：杰拉德·福特、乔治·H·W·布什、比尔·克林顿和乔治·W·布什，在此期间代表主要党派的总统候选人还包括约翰·克里（2004年）、约瑟夫·利伯曼（副总统，2000年）和萨金特·史瑞佛（副总统，1972年）。其他在此期间曾认真考虑过竞选的耶鲁校友还包括霍华德·迪恩（2004年）和盖瑞·哈特（1988年）。

对于耶鲁大学在越南战争之后美国总统大选之中所占的特别比例有诸多解释，其中许多都将其归结于20世纪60年代以来耶鲁大学校园内的浓厚政治运动精神和威廉·斯隆·考斐对许多后来的参选人的影响。耶鲁大学现任校长莱文更将耶鲁大学的重心描述为“未来领袖的实验室”。● Hillary Clinton at Yale Law School　希拉里在耶鲁法学院

“Much of what I believe，and much of what I have worked for at stake in this election，is directly related to my time at the law school.”

—Hillary Clinton，in an early October 1992 speech at Yale University“我相信，我在这次选举中所做的工作，与我在法学院学习的时光有直接的联系。”

—希拉里·克林顿，1992年10月上旬在耶鲁大学发表的演讲

Indeed，while attending Yale Law School in New Haven，Hillary was introduced to solve the problems of children and the poor. It developed a sense of activism，honed her leadership skills and even met her future husband. So we should want to know more about Hillary's time in New Haven.

Hillary was already something of a celebrity when she entered Yale Law School in the fall of 1969. Just a few months before，she had been chosen by her classmates at Wellesley College to be the first ever student commencement speaker，and some of her comments about the Vietnam War became national news.

Moreover，in the second semester of her first year at Yale，she moderated a large meeting of law school students over some hot political issue of the time. Whether it was about Kent State or the Cambodian invasion none of Hillary's law school classmates can now remember. What they do remember is Hillary's poise and negotiating skills—and as Hillary's law school friend Carolyn Ellis recently recalled，“How unusual it was for a freshman to conduct a meeting that was full of sophomore and junior.”In fact，only 15 percent of Hillary's own classes were women.

Her first year in law school Hillary had lived in an impersonal apartment building in central downtown New Haven. Hillary's first semester roommate，Jody 在耶鲁大学法学院学习期间的希Adams Weisbrod shared that apartment 拉里和克林顿with Hillary in their first semester at Yale and recalled her as a very easy roommate，if not a great housekeeper. At that time，Hillary had long brown hair，thick sun-glasses and a favorite pair of blue bell-bottom pants. She never wore make-up and rarely wore a skirt but that hardly set her apart from the other female law students.

事实上，当希拉里进入位于纽黑文的耶鲁法学院时，就被介绍参与解决儿童和穷人的问题。这激发了她的能动意识，磨炼了她的领导才能，甚至在这里，她遇到了未来的丈夫。因此，我们应当更多了解希拉里在纽黑文度过的时光。

当希拉里在1969年秋季进入耶鲁大学法学院之前，她已经是一位名人了。政坛女强人希拉里就在几个月前，她被韦尔斯利学院的同学选为新闻首席评论员，并且她对越南战争的一些评论成了国家新闻。

此外，在来到耶鲁大学第一年的第二学期，她主持了一个由法学院学生参加的有关热点政治问题的会议。希拉里在法学院的同学已不记得内容是关于肯特州或是柬埔寨的入侵了，但他们却仍记得希拉里的风度和谈判技巧——希拉里在法学院的朋友卡罗琳·埃利斯近期回忆道：“一个一年级的女生主持一个全部由二三年级男生参加的会议，这是多么的不同寻常。”事实上，在希拉里的班级里，只有15％是女生。

希拉里在法学院的第一年，住在位于纽黑文市中心的集体公寓。希拉里在耶鲁大学的第一位舍友——乔迪·亚当斯·维斯布罗德，曾和她在第一学期共处一室——回忆说希拉里是一位很随和的人，如果她不是一位“超级大管家”的话。当时，希拉里留着长长的棕色头发，戴着厚厚的眼镜遮阳，喜欢穿蓝翎牛仔裤。她从不化妆，很少穿裙子，但那也很难把她与法律系其他女生区分开来。6. Campus and Buildings　校园与建筑

Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses：Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art，Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges，and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue，which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s.

Many of Yale's buildings were constructed in the Collegiate Gothic architecture style from 1917 to 1931，financed largely by Edward S. Harkness. Stone sculpture built into the walls of the buildings portrays contemporary college personalities such as a writer，an athlete，a tea-drinking socialite，and a student who has fallen asleep while reading. Similarly，the decorative friezes on the buildings depict contemporary scenes such as policemen chasing a robber and arresting a prostitute（on the wall of the Law School），or a student relaxing with a mug of beer and a cigarette.

The architect，James Rogers，faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid，deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages，and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages. In fact，the buildings 耶鲁大学建筑物上的彩色玻璃merely simulate Middle Ages architecture，for though they appear to be constructed of solid stone blocks in the authentic manner，most actually have steel framing as was commonly used in 1930. One exception is Harkness Tower，216 feet（66 m）tall，which was originally a free-standing stone structure. It was reinforced in 1964 to allow the installation of the Yale Memorial Carillon.

耶鲁大学的美丽校园环境甚为著名。而一些现代建筑也常被作为建筑史中的典范出现在教科书中，其中包括路易·康设计的耶鲁大学美术馆、耶鲁大学英国艺术中心，埃罗·沙里宁设计的英格斯冰场、埃兹拉·斯泰尔斯学院和摩尔斯学院，以及由保罗·鲁道夫设计的艺术和建筑系大楼。耶鲁也拥有并重建了许多高瓴大道上19世纪出名的大厦，高瓴大道曾被英国著名作家查尔·狄更斯于19世纪40年代访问美国时赞誉为是美国最美耶鲁大学内的詹姆斯·罗杰斯浮雕丽的街道。

耶鲁大多数古建筑都为哥特式风格，多建于1917～1931年，由爱德华·S·哈克尼斯出资。大量的浮雕都展现了当时的大学生活，有作家、运动员、喝茶的交际花、读书时打磕睡的学生等。同样地，在耶鲁大学法学院大楼（官方名称为史德林法学大楼）的雕刻上，也展现了当代的一些场景，包括警察追逐强盗和逮捕娼妓的场面。

建筑师詹姆斯·罗杰斯为了使建筑显得老旧，采用了在石质墙面上泼酸、故意打破玻璃并且使用中世纪的方法补合，并且还人为地添加了许多空的装饰性壁龛，仿佛雕塑已经失修很久。虽然耶鲁大学中心校园的大多建筑都呈现中世纪的建筑风格，使用大型的石材，而事实上大多都采用的是1930年通用的钢结构框架，唯一的例外是哈克尼斯塔，高216英尺（66米）。在建造时曾经是世界上最高的全石质结构。该塔在1964年加固，以在其内部安装耶鲁纪念钟。● Beinecke Library　古籍善本图书馆

The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library，designed by Gordon Bunshaft，is one of the largest buildings in the world reserved exclusively for the preservation of rare books and　manuscripts. It is located in the courtyard next to Lleyton Hewitt（now known as the multi-Beinecke Plaza）. Library of Stack six-storey above ground by a glass cube surrounded by glass cube and the outside have a greater engagement with not the“box”covered. The construction of the wall by 2 feet square since the middle of Vermont，a translucent marble，so can the embassy in micro-and prevent the harmful sun rays in the destruction of materials other books. Place in a courtyard-style sink in the design of sculpture by Isamu Noguchi，represents the time（the pyramid），Sun（ring structure）and the probability of（the legislation ramps cubic）.

古籍善本图书馆由戈登·邦夏设计，是当今世界上最大的专门收藏古籍善本的图书馆。它坐落于休伊特庭院的旁边（现在多被称为Beinecke广场）。图书馆地面以上6层的书库由一个玻璃的立方体环绕，而玻璃立方的外面则有一个更大的与之不接触的“盒子”罩住。这座建筑的墙壁是由2英尺见方的产自佛蒙特州的半透明大理石构成，因此可以使馆内微亮而防止阳光中的其他有害射线破坏馆藏图书。广场中一个下沉式庭院中的雕塑由伊萨姆·诺古奇设计，代表了时间（金字塔）、太阳（圆环结构）和概率（斜立的立方）。● Connecticut Hall　康涅狄格礼堂

Connecticut Hall is a Georgian-style building on the Old Campus of Yale University in New Haven，Connecticut. Built in 1752，it is the oldest building on the Yale campus（in fact its only surviving 18th-century structure）and one of the oldest buildings in Connecticut.

Connecticut Hall was built under the direction of Thomas 古籍善本图书馆外观古籍善本图书馆内部收藏Clap，who was president of Yale at the time. The construction was headed by Francis Letort and Thomas Bills；the latter later helped to build the First Chapel. The design was based on Massachusetts Hall at Harvard University. The money used to fund the project came from the sale of a French ship，as well as from a Connecticut lottery and a grant from the Connecticut Assembly. The building was built 100 feet（30 m）long by 40 feet（12 m）wide，and three stories tall.

As part of the Old Brick Row，it was enlarged to four stories. When Connecticut Hall faced demolition in the early 20th century，the building was saved by a group of alumni led by Professor Henry W. Farnam. After World War II，the building was gutted and rebuilt by Douglas Orr and Richard A. Kimball. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.

Today it contains the offices of Yale's philosophy department. The Faculty Room，where the Faculty of Arts and Sciences holds its meetings，is located on the second floor.

康涅狄格礼堂是矗立在康涅狄格州纽黑文市耶鲁大学老校园里的的乔治亚风格的建筑物。康涅狄格礼堂建于1752年，是耶鲁校园内最古老的建筑（事实上，它是校园内仅存的18世纪的建筑物），也是康涅狄格州最古老的建筑物之一。

康涅狄格礼堂是在时任耶鲁大学校长托马斯·克莱普的指导下修建的。弗朗西斯·勒托尔与后来修建第一教堂的托马斯·比尔担任首席建筑师。礼堂的设计是以哈佛大学马萨诸塞大厅为基础。而修建礼堂的钱则来自售卖法国船只、康涅狄格州彩票及其康涅狄格州议会的拨款。礼堂有3层楼，长100英尺（30米），宽40英尺（12米）。

作为红色砖墙建筑物的一部分，康涅狄格礼堂曾被扩建为4层。在20世纪初，它面临被拆除的危险，但是在以亨利·W·法南姆教授为首的校友的帮助下得到挽救。在第二次世界大战后，礼堂由道格拉斯·奥尔和理查德·A·金巴尔重建。1965年，康涅狄格礼堂宣布成为国家历史遗迹。

今天，它被作为耶鲁大学的哲学部门的办公室，位于2层的教授休息室是艺术学院与科学学院举行会议的地方。7. Yale's Athletics　耶鲁大学的体育活动

Yale supports 35 varsity athletic teams that compete in the Ivy League Conference，the Eastern College Athletic Conference，and the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association. Yale athletic teams compete intercollegiately at the NCAA Division I level. Like other members of the Ivy League，Yale does not offer athletic scholarships.

Yale has numerous athletic facilities，including the Yale Bowl（the nation's first natural“bowl”stadium，and prototype for such stadiums as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl），located at The Walter Camp Field athletic complex，and the Payne Whitney Gymnasium which is the second-largest indoor athletic complex in the world. October 21，2000 marked the dedication of Yale's fourth new boathouse in 157 years of collegiate rowing. Yale maintains the Gales Ferry site where the heavyweight men's team trains for the Yale-Harvard Boat Race.

Yale crew is the oldest collegiate athletic team in America，and won Olympic Games Gold Medal for men's eights in 1924 and 1956. The Yale Corinthian Yacht Club，耶鲁校园内最古老的建筑——重建后的康涅狄格礼堂founded in 1881，is the oldest collegiate sailing club in the world.

Yale athletics are supported by the Yale Precision Marching Band. The band attends every home football game and many away，as well as most hockey and basketball games throughout the winter.

Yale intramural sports are also a significant aspect of student life. Students compete for their respective residential colleges，fostering a friendly rivalry. The year is divided into three seasons—fall，winter，and spring seasons，each of 康涅狄格礼堂前的内森·黑尔which includes about ten different sports. （美国独立战争时参加大陆军，为国捐躯时年仅21岁）About half of sports are coeducational. At the end of the year，the residential college with the most points（not all sports count equally）wins the Tyng Cup.

耶鲁大学共赞助35个校级运动队参加常青藤联赛、美东大学体育联赛、新英格兰地区校际帆船联赛。耶鲁大学还是美国NCAA（全国大学体育联盟）的一级成员。同其他的常青藤联盟成员大学一样，它并不专门给运动员提供奖学金。

耶鲁拥有大量、完备的体育设施，包括耶鲁大球场（因其形状也被称为“耶鲁碗”，它是美国第一座这样形制的球场，也是洛杉矶纪念体育馆和玫瑰碗此类体育馆的原型），它位于沃尔特营地运动体育中心和佩恩惠特尼健身馆，是世界上第二大室内运动中心。2000年10月21日，代表着耶鲁大学的奉献精神的第四新船库有着157年历史的耶鲁大学赛艇队。耶鲁继续在Gales轮渡网站上展示耶鲁和哈佛两个大学男子重量级赛艇对抗赛。

耶鲁大学赛艇队成是美国历史最悠久的大学运动队，并代表美国参加了1924年巴黎的奥运会和1956年墨尔本奥运会，并在这两届奥运会的男子8人艇比赛项目中获得了金牌。成立于1881年的科林斯游艇俱乐部是世界上第一个大学游艇俱乐部。

耶鲁大学还有一支铜管仪仗乐队，为耶鲁的运动员加油助威。这支乐队在所有的主场美式足球赛上表演以及参加许多其他的比赛，比如，冬季的曲棍球和篮球比赛。

耶鲁大学校内运动是学生生活中的一个重要部分，也是许多历史长久的学院之争（一种友好的竞争关系）的重要部分。联赛每年共分三个赛季，包括秋季、冬季和春季，每个赛季都包括超过10个项目的比赛，其中大约一半都是男女混合参赛。每学年末，获得分数最高的学院会被授予Tyng奖杯。8. Campus Life　学生生活

Yale is a medium-sized research university，most of whose students are in the graduate and professional schools. Undergraduates，or Yale College students，come from a variety of ethnic，national，and socio-economic backgrounds. Of the 2010-2011 freshman class，10％are non-U.S. citizens，while 54％went to public high schools.

Yale is also an open campus for the gay community. Its active LGBT community first received wide publicity in the late 1980s，when Yale obtained a reputation as the“gay Ivy，”due largely to 正在举行比赛的耶鲁大球场a 1987 Wall Street Journal article written by Julie V. Iovine，an alumna and the spouse of a Yale faculty member. During the same year，the University hosted a national conference on gay and lesbian studies and established the Lesbian and Gay Studies Center. The slogan“One in Four，Maybe More”was coined by the campus gay community. While the community in the 1980s and early 1990s was very activist，today most LGBT events have become part of the general campus social scene. For example，the annual LGBT Co-op Dance attracts straight as well as gay students.

耶鲁大学是一个中型研究型大学，大多数学生在研究生学院和专业学院。本科生，或者说是耶鲁学院学生，他们来自不同的种族和民族，有着各种各样的社会经济背景。在2010～2011年的新生班中，有10％的学生不是美国公民，其中有54％的学生去了公立学校。耶鲁大学的宿舍楼

耶鲁大学也是接纳同性恋群体的一个开放的校园。在20世纪80年代末，其积极的同性恋社群得到了广泛的接纳。为此耶鲁大学获得了“同性恋常青藤”的声誉，这主要是由于耶鲁大学的校友及其教员的配偶朱莉·V·约维内于1987年在《华尔街日报》上刊登的一篇文章。同年，耶鲁大学举办了一次有关男同性恋和女同性恋研究的全国会议，并建立了女同性恋和同性恋的研究中心。虽然同性恋群体在20世纪80年代和90年代初非常活跃，但是今天，大多数同性恋活动已经成为校园一般的社交场景的一部分。例如，一年一度的同性恋合作社舞蹈吸引不仅吸引了同性恋学生，也吸引了异性恋的学生。● Residential Colleges　住宿学院生活

Yale has a system of 12 residential colleges，instituted in 1933 through a grant by Yale graduate Edward S. Harkness，who admired the college systems at Oxford and Cambridge. Each college has a Dean，Master，affiliated faculty，and resident Fellows. Each college also features distinctive architecture，secluded courtyards，a commons room，meeting rooms/classrooms，and a dining hall；in addition some have chapels，libraries，squash courts，pool tables，short order dining counters，cafes，or darkrooms. Each college at Yale offers its own seminars，social events，and Master's Teas，and most of them are open to students from other residential colleges. However，Yale remains a unitary university，while Oxford and Cambridge colleges are self-governed charitable institutions in their own right.

Students are assigned to a residential college in their freshman year. Only two residential colleges（Silliman and Timothy Dwight）house freshmen. The majority of on-campus freshmen live on the“Old Campus”，an extensive quadrangle formed by older buildings. Each residential college has its own dining hall，but students are permitted to eat in any residential college dining hall or the large dining facility called“Commons.”

Residential colleges are named for important figures or places in university history or notable alumni.

耶鲁学院是耶鲁大学本科部，实行住宿学院制，由12自由、悠闲的校园生活所学院组耶鲁大学赛艇队成。这种制度始于1933年，由一位非常赞赏牛津大学和剑桥大学类似制度的校友爱德华·S·哈克尼斯捐款建立。每所学院对学生都有一套完备的支持体系，包括院长（Dean）、学监（Master）、驻院学者和研究员。每所学院都有不同的建筑风格，但都包括庭院、公共休息室、会议室/教室、食堂，另外有些学院还有小教堂、图书馆、壁球场、台球室、快餐餐厅、咖啡屋和暗房。虽然每所学院都向耶鲁大学的住校生开设自己的研讨会，举办自己的社交活动和院长茶会（Master's Tea），但是耶鲁仍然是统一的综合性大学，不像牛津大学和剑桥大学在每个专业学院施行自治，独立行使学院的权利。

耶鲁的学生在大学一年级的时候就被安排到住宿学院。只有两个住宿学院（希里曼和蒂莫西·德怀特）是为新生安排的住宿之地。大多数住宿新生住在由老建筑组成的四合院式的老校区。每个住宿学院都拥有自己的食堂，但是学生可以在任何一个住宿学院的食堂里用餐，也可以“共享”大型餐饮设施。

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