作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
![华东师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解](http://img62.ddimg.cn/digital/product/26/35/1900732635_ii_cover.jpg)
华东师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年华东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 1 point for each)
1．The American approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many people because there is less emphasis on learning facts than _____ true in the systems of any other countries.
A. is
B. it is
C. it being
D. to be【答案】A【解析】这句话中than为关系代词，用在带比较级形容词的先行词之后，在定语从句中作主语。
2．Cinema-goers hate _____ long queues before all cinemas.
A. there being
B. there to be
C. there is
D. there are【答案】B【解析】like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, consider等动词后接there be句型时要用there to be的形式。
3．_____ had a passion for walking, we started off by car.
A. when
B. as
C. after
D. while【答案】B【解析】这句话中as引导原因状语从句，放于主句之前。
4．The opposition parties are planning to bring _____ a No-Confidence Motion against the Prime Minister.
A. up
B. forward
C. out
D. about【答案】B【解析】bring forward提出(问题、建议、计划等)。bring up提出问题（供讨论或协商等）。bring out出版，生产。bring about带来，引起。
5．India is one of the several countries which are _____ affected by widespread deforestation and steady destruction of natural watersheds.
A. critically
B. remarkably
C. superficially
D. strongly【答案】A【解析】句意：在森林遭受广泛砍伐、自然水域遭到破坏的国家中，印度是受到影响最严重的国家之一。critically危急地；严重地。remarkably显著地；非常地。superficially表面地；浅薄地。strongly强有力地；坚强地。
6．If you take care of the pence, the _____ will take care of themselves.
A. dollars
B. cents
C. pounds
D. money【答案】C【解析】这句话是一句英文谚语，意思是从小事抓起，大事才能做好，即积少成多。
7．Over the course of centuries, the river Ganges has _____ its course many a times.
A. altered
B. deviated
C. recovered
D. adjusted【答案】A【解析】句意：几个世纪以来，恒河的河道变了很多次。这句话中第二个course是“路线，航向”的意思。alter改变。deviate作“偏离”的意思时为不及物动词，需要与from搭配。recover恢复。adjust使……适合；校准。
8．A notable patriot and revolutionary _____ lost to India in the death of Subhash Chandra Bose.
A. was
B. were
C. had
D. have【答案】A【解析】句意：Subhash Chandra Bose的离世使印度少了一位伟大的爱国主义家和革命家。这句话中patriot和revolutionary指的都是Subhash Chandra Bose，因此谓语动词用单数。
9．The dacoits attacked the village and every man, woman and child _____ put to death.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are【答案】A【解析】every修饰单数名词，后接单数动词。
10．They tried to reassure me but I was still not able to _____ my fears
A. annul
B. prevent
C. reduce
D. curtail【答案】A【解析】句意：他们试图让我安心，但我还是不能抹去内心的恐惧。annul废除；使消失。curtail缩减；剪短。
11．I always preferred the _____ of the big city.
A. anonymity
B. obscurity
C. distinctiveness
D. none of these【答案】A【解析】句意：我总是更喜欢大城市的匿名性。可以理解为我喜欢在大城市中几乎没有人认识自己这种感觉。anonymity匿名。obscurity朦胧；阴暗。distinctiveness特殊性；辨别性。
12．The opposition _____ the Minister by furious criticism.
A. ascribed
B. hailed
C. treated
D. assailed【答案】D【解析】句意：反对派通过猛烈的批评来攻击部长。assail攻击；质问。ascribe归因于。hail致敬；招呼。
13．His jokes failed to _____ even the faintest of smiles from her.
A. invoke
B. elicit
C. attract
D. make【答案】B【解析】句意：他的笑话没有使她的脸上展现出一丁点笑容。elicit使发出；引起。invoke调用；祈求。
14．Credit card crime is reaching _____ proportions.
A. endemic
B. epidemic
C. unbelievable
D. great【答案】B【解析】句意：信用卡犯罪正在蔓延。epidemic流行的；传染性的。endemic地方性的。unbelievable难以置信的。
15．The visitor was welcomed _____ and introduced to the Governor.
A. ceremoniously
B. ceremonially
C. affectionately
D. perfectly【答案】A【解析】句意：客人受到了隆重的欢迎，然后被介绍给了州长。ceremoniously隆重地。ceremonially礼仪上地。affectionately亲切地。
16．She showed great _____ and finesse in dealing with the troublesome situation.
A. tact
B. trick
C. ability
D. power【答案】A【解析】句意：她处理棘手的局面时表现得十分老练与巧妙。finesse策略；巧妙。tact机智；老练。trick诡计。
17．She _____ her disapproval of the show by leaving the auditorium.
A. engaged
B. saw
C. envisaged
D. evinced【答案】D【解析】句意：她用离开观众席这种方式来表示自己对于这场表演的不满。evince表明，表示。engage占用；使参加。envisage正视，面对。
18．Coaching classes often act as the _____ to success in competitive examinations.
A. way
B. means
C. door
D. window【答案】C【解析】句意：在选拔考试中，辅导班通常扮演着通往成功大门的角色。coaching class辅导班。由于空白处前有“act as”，不能选way这个选项。
19．The poor woman has _____ many hardships after her husband died many years ago.
A. born
B. bore
C. borne
D. boar【答案】C【解析】句意：这个可怜女人的丈夫很多年前去世了，在那之后她受了很多苦。borne忍受。boar野猪。
20．We partook _____ the humble meal provided by the villagers.
A. with
B. of
C. at
D. from【答案】B【解析】句意：我们吃光了村民提供给我们的便饭。partake吃，喝；分享。partake of吃光。
21．This is similar to the other tune, but quite _____ from it.
A. distinctive
B. distinct
C. diverge
D. divergent【答案】B【解析】句意：这首曲子与另一首相似，但又截然不同。be distinct from与……不同。distinctive有特色的。diverge偏离。divergent相异的，分歧的。
22．A leading chemist believes that many scientists have difficulty with stereochemistry because much of the relevant nomenclature is _____ , in that it combines concepts that should be kept _____
A. obscure, interrelated
B. specialized, intact
C. imprecise, discrete
D. descriptive, separate【答案】C【解析】句意：一位著名的化学家认为许多科学家对立体化学的学习有困难，因为许多相关的术语将无关的概念相结合，导致这些术语不精确。第一个空应该填导致“difficulty”的原因。in that表达因果关系，即后面内容也是“difficulty”的原因。根据combine可知，第二个空应该填其意思相反的形容词。interrelated相关的。specialized专业的。intact完整的。imprecise不精确的。discrete分离的。descriptive描写的。
23 A misconception frequently held by novice writer is that sentence structure mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more _____ the ideas.
A. complicated
B. inconsequential
C. elementary
D. fanciful【答案】A【解析】句意：新手作家通常有一种错误的观念，即句子结构是思想的反映，句子结构越复杂，思想就越深刻。这句话中mirror的意思为“反映”，因此空白处单词的意思应该与“convoluted”相同。complicated难懂的。inconsequential不重要的。fanciful想象的；稀奇的。
24 A war, even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights, usually requires that these principles be _____ , for they are _____ the regimentation and discipline necessary for military efficiency.
A. rejected, inherent in
B. suppressed, fulfilled through
C. suspended, incompatible with
D. followed, disruptive of【答案】C【解析】句意：战争，哪怕是为了争取个人自由和民主权利而战，通常也需要暂时放弃这些原则，因为他们和军事效率所必需的组织纪律是相矛盾的。suspend推迟；使暂停。be incompatible with与……不相容。suppress抑制。be inherent in为……固有的。disruptive破坏性的。
25 A number of writers who once greatly _____ the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting _____ for their former criticism.
A. lauded, censure
B. influenced, analysis
C. simulated, ambivalence
D. disparaged, approbation【答案】D【解析】句意：很多曾经强烈鄙视这个文学评论家的作家近来放弃了他们过去的想法，他们用赞美代替了之前了批评。由“former criticism”可知，第一个空应该填具有贬义的动词，第二个空应该填褒义词。disparage蔑视；毁谤。approbation认可；赞许。laud赞美。Censure责难。simulate模仿。ambivalence矛盾情绪。
26．A human being is quite _____ creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears and _____ is thin and often easily breached.
A. a frail, insecurity
B. a ludicrous, laughter
C. a valiant, phobias
D. an ambitious, morality【答案】A【解析】句意：人类是一种极其脆弱的生物，因为掩盖着其恐惧与不安全感的那层理性的外表是那么薄弱，且常常易于破裂。frail脆弱的。insecurity不安全。ludicrous滑稽的。valiant英勇的。phobia恐惧；憎恶。morality道德；品行。
27．The diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience and skill in conducting such delicate negotiations, _____ to make a decision during the talks because any sudden commitment at that time would have been _____
A. resolved, detrimental
B. refused, apropos
C. declined, inopportune
D. struggled, unconscionable【答案】C【解析】句意：这位外交官因为她在细微的谈判中表现出的耐心和技能而被选中，她在谈判中拒绝做任何决定，因为那时任何草率的承诺都是不合时宜的。decline to do拒绝做某事。inopportune不适当的。resolve to do下决心做。detrimental不利的。apropos恰好的；适当的。unconscionable昧着良心的。
28．Because the monkeys under study are _____ the presence of human beings, they typically _____ human observers and go about their business.
A. ambivalent about, welcome
B. habituated to, disregard
C. pleased with, snub
D. unaware of, avoid【答案】B【解析】句意：由于被研究的猴子习惯了人的存在，因而它们能忽略人类的观察而做它们自己的事情。be habituated to习惯于。disregard忽视。ambivalent矛盾的。snub冷落。
29．He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but instead he encountered _____ bordering on hostility.
A. patience
B. discretion
C. indifference
D. ineptitude【答案】C【解析】句意：他以为自己会因为告密而受到感激，但实际上他遇到的是近乎敌意的冷漠。由“instead”可推断空白处与“gratitude”意思相反。indifference冷淡。discretion自由裁量权；谨慎。ineptitude不适当。
30．Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions that a community that has constantly refused to _____ its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be _____.
A. acknowledge, ignored
B. decrease, verified
C. tolerate, accepted
D. address, eliminated【答案】A【解析】句意：非暴力示威通常会造成这样的局面，他们迫使一个拒绝承认自己不公正行为的团体去纠正自己的错误，因为这些不公正的行为已经不容忽视了。acknowledge承认。verify核实。
II. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each)
Read the following passages carefully and choose one best answer for each question in Passage 1 2and 3, and answer the questions in passage 4 based on your understanding of the passage.
(1)
Scattered around the globe are more than one hundred regions of volcanic activity known as hot spots (hot spot: a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature; also: a place in the crust overlying a hot spot) Unlike most volcanoes, hot spots are rarely found along the boundaries of the continental and oceanic plates that comprise the Earth’s crust; most hot spots lie deep in the interior of plates and are anchored deep in the layers of the Earth’s surface. Hot spots are also distinguished from other volcanoes by their lavas, which contain greater amounts of alkali metals than do those from volcanoes at plate margins.
In some cases, plates moving past hot spots have left trails of extinct volcanoes in much the same way that wind passing over a chimney carries off puffs of smoke. It appears that the Hawaiian Islands were created in such a manner by a single source of lava, welling up from a hot spot, over which the Pacific Ocean plate passed on a course roughly from the east toward the northwest, carrying off a line of volcanoes of increasing age. Two other Pacific island chains the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge parallel the configuration of the Hawaiian chain; they are also aligned from the east toward the northwest, with the most recent volcanic activity near their eastern terminuses.
That the Pacific plate and the other plates are moving is now beyond dispute; the relative motion of the plates has been reconstructed in detail. However, the relative motion of the plates with respect to the Earth’s interior cannot be determined easily. Hot spots provide the measuring instruments for resolving the question of whether two continental plates are moving in opposite directions or whether one is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. The most compelling evidence that a continental plate is stationary is that, at some hot spots, lavas of several ages are superposed instead of being spread out in chronological sequence. Of course, reconstruction of plate motion from the tracks of hot-spot volcanoes assumes that hot spots are immobile, or nearly so. Several studies support such an assumption, including one that has shown that prominent hot spots throughout the world seem not to have moved during the past ten million years.
Beyond acting as frames of reference, hot spots apparently influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, material welling up from deeper layers forms a broad dome that, as it grows, develops deep fissures. In some instances, the continental plate may rupture entirely along some of the fissures so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus, just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continental plates, so hot-spot activity may suggest a theory to explain their mutability.
1．The primary purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. describe the way in which hot spots influence the extinction of volcanoes
B. describe and explain the formation of the oceans and continents
C. explain how to estimate the age of lava flows from extinct volcanoes
D. describe hot spots and explain how they appear to influence and record the motion of plates
2．According to the passage, hot spots differ from most volcanoes in that hot spots _____.
A. can only be found near islands
B. have greater amounts of alkali metals in their lavas
C. are situated closer to the earth’s surface
D. can be found along the edges of the plates
3．It can be inferred from the passage that evidence for tile apparent course of the Pacific plate has been provided by the _____.
A. configurations of several mid-ocean island chains
B. dimensions of ocean hot spots
C. concurrent movement of two hot spots
D. pattern of fissures in the ocean floor
4．The passage suggests which of the following about the Hawaiian Islands, the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge?
A. The three chains of islands are moving eastward.
B. The three island chains are a result of the same plate movement.
C. The Hawaiian Islands are receding from the other two island chains at a relatively rapid rate.
D. The Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge chains have moved closer together whereas the Hawaiian Islands have remained stationary
5．Which of the following, if true, would best support the author’s statement that hot-spot activity may explain the mutability of continental plates?
A. Hot spots move more rapidly than the continental and oceanic plates.
B. Hot spots are reliable indicators of the age of continental plates.
C. Hot spots are regions of volcanic activity found only in the interiors of the continental plates.
D. The coastlines of Africa and South America suggest that they may once have constituted a single continent that ruptured along a line of hot spots.【答案与解析】
1．D 由文章可知，作者主要介绍了hot spots及其“influence the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe”。因此D项正确。
2．B 由第一段最后一句可知，hot spots与火山的岩浆不同，hot spots的岩浆“contain greater amounts of alkali metals”，因此B项正确。
3．A 第二段主要介绍了太平洋中几条岛屿链的结构，证明了太平洋版块移动的路径，因此A项正确。
4．B 由第二段可知，“the Austral Ridge and the Tuamotu Ridge”与夏威夷群岛相平行，它们都是西北—东南走向，都是太平洋版块移动的产物，因此B项正确。
5．D 由第三段可知，“hot spots are immobile”，因此可作为版块运动的参照物。D项说的是非洲与南美的海岸线证明它们可能曾经属于同一块大陆，在同一条热点线上分离，这可以证明热点可以作为版块运动的参照物，因此D项正确。
(2)
“They treat us like mules.” the guy installing my washer tells me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands, I had just complimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that it’s rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what he’s talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life, in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked “being among the public,” as she would say. But that work had its sting too the customer who would treat her like a servant or, her biggest complaint, like she was not that bright.
There’s a lesson here for this political season: the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.
We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the American Dream, and we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote. The common political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well. And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicans-though the Grand Old Party did appeal to them in St. Paul.
Let’s go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer They do a lot of heavy lifting quickly mine was the first of 15 deliveries and efficiently, to avoid injury. Between them there is ongoing communication, verbal anti nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit, move in rhythm with each other. And all the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and solving problems as when my new dryer didn’t match up with the gas outlet.
Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: remember orders and monitor them, attend to a dynamic, quickly changing environment, prioritize tasks and manage the flow of work, make decisions on the fly There’s the carpenter using a number of mathematical concepts symmetry, proportion. congruence, the properties of angles and visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roof.
The hairstylist’s practice is a mix of technique, “knowledge about the biology of hair. aesthetic judgment and communication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters and problem solvers Even the routinized factory floor calls for working smarts When has any of this made its way into our political speeches? From either pasty. Even on Labor Day.
Last week, the CDP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus, city and east coast versus heartland education But these are symbolic populist gestures not the stuff of the engagement. Judgements about intelligence easy great weight in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of people’s intelligence based on the kind of work they do.
Political tributes to labor over the next two months will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate die thought bright behind the eye, or offer an image that links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have a truer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us.
Those politicians who can communicate that sense will tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling. And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will find a welcome reception.
6．To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT _____.
A. hairstylist and waitress
B. carpenter and mechanic
C. electrician and plumber
D. street-cleaner and shop-assistant
7．In the sentence “we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism” (para. 3), the word “egalitarianism” can be replaced by _____.
A. individualism
B. enlightenment
C. equality
D. liberalism
8．We can conclude from the passage that _____.
A. in America, judgments about people’s intelligence are often based on the kind of work they do
B. the subtle and not-so-subtle insults towards blue-collars are a daily phenomenon in America
C. the United States is a classless society
D. the old cultural suspicions of country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education show the Republican’s true engagement
9．One of the major groups of targeted readers of the author should be _____.
A. blue-collar American workers
B. middle class American businessmen
C. American politicians .
D. American company leaders
10．Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party should stop symbolic populist gestures.
B. Political tributes should mind the subtle bias against the intelligence of the working class.
C. The ruling party should acknowledge the working smarts of blue-collars.
D. The whole American society should change the attitude towards the blue-collar workers.【答案与解析】
6．D 在倒数第四、五、六段中，作者举了two men installing my washer and dryer、waitress、carpenter、mechanic, electrician, and plumber、hairstylist的例子来证明他们的智慧，因此作者没有提到D项中street-cleaner and shop-assistant。
7．C 在题干所引句子后，作者话锋一转，说到但是他们的民族性格中有一种“aristocratic bias”，因此“egalitarianism”的意思与“equality”相同。
8．A 根据第二段“the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives”可知，或多或少的侮辱是他们职业生活的一部分，但并不说明这是美国每天都会发生的现象，因此B项错误。根据后一句可知，这些侮辱通常“have to do with intelligence”，即通常与智力联系到一起，因此A项正确。
9．C 由第二段“There’s a lesson here for this political season”和第三段中“Working people sense this bias and react to it when they vote”及最后一段“those who can honor and use work in...their policies will find a welcome reception.”可以推断，这篇文章的目标读者为政客。
10．B 本文介绍了社会对于蓝领及服务人员智力的普遍偏见，并指出接下来两个月中“political tributes to labor”能够给政客赢得巨大的力量，因此B项正确。
(3)
Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.
Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate, what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]