英诗经典名家名译:拜伦诗选(英汉对照)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-23 15:17:14

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作者:拜伦(Byron.G.G.)

出版社:外语教学与研究出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

英诗经典名家名译:拜伦诗选(英汉对照)

英诗经典名家名译:拜伦诗选(英汉对照)试读:

前言

拜伦是伟大的诗人,又是伟大的革命家。他那些雷奔电激、波翻云涌的诗篇,在他生前便震撼了整个欧洲大陆,他死后一百多年来仍在全世界传诵不衰。歌德说拜伦是“19世纪最伟大的天才”;普希金称拜伦为“思想界的君王”;鲁迅坦然承认:他自己早期对被压迫民族和人民“哀其不幸,怒其不争”的思想和“不克厥敌,战则不止”的精神,都是从拜伦那里学来的。

乔治·戈登·诺艾尔·拜伦(George Gordon Noel Byron)1788年1月22日诞生于伦敦。父系家族是英国贵族世家,但父亲约翰·拜伦却是败家浪子。他因苏格兰少女凯瑟琳·戈登(拜伦的母亲)有一笔丰厚遗产而和她结婚,把她的财产耗尽后,又弃她而浪迹欧陆。拜伦的母亲受此刺激,精神很不正常,生拜伦后,常常迁怒于他,对他苛责凌辱,而拜伦又自幼跛足——这些,就逐渐形成了拜伦性格中的敏感、自尊、好强、孤傲、暴烈、反抗、悲观、阴郁等特点。

拜伦幼时跟母亲住在苏格兰,生活贫困。10岁时,因伯祖父威廉·拜伦去世而承袭男爵爵位,家境好转。1801年至1805年在哈罗公学上学,1805年至1808年在剑桥大学读书。在此期间,他阅读了大量文学作品和历史、哲学著作,深受法国启蒙思想家卢梭、伏尔泰等人的思想影响。1807年,他出版了第一本诗集《闲散的时光》。1809年迁居伦敦,在上议院获得世袭的议员席位。同年出版了讽刺诗《英格兰诗人和苏格兰评论家》,受到赞誉,在英国诗坛初露锋芒。

1809年6月,拜伦离开英国,先后游历了葡萄牙、西班牙、阿尔巴尼亚、希腊和土耳其,1811年7月回国。他这次出国远游,饱览了各地的自然景色,观察了各国的社会生活和政治制度,接触了各阶层的人们。他亲眼看到了给法国侵略者以沉重打击的西班牙游击队,看到了在土耳其铁蹄蹂躏下正在聚集力量准备发动解放斗争的希腊人民。这次旅行也使他对南欧各民族的文化发生了强烈兴趣。这些,都对他的思想和创作产生了重要影响。旅途中开始写作《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》。这首长诗的第一、二章于1812年2月出版后,立即震动了英国文坛,并赢得全欧洲的声誉。拜伦说:“早晨我一觉醒来,发现自己已经成名,成了诗坛上的拿破仑。”而他在1813年至1815年间创作的《东方故事诗》六种,出版后更是风靡一时,吸引了广大读者。

1811年至1812年,英国爆发了工人破坏机器的“卢德运动”。1812年春,英国国会制定“编织机法案”,规定凡破坏机器者一律处死。2月27日,拜伦在上议院发表演说,为破坏机器的工人辩护,并严厉谴责政府当局对工人的残暴镇压。4月21日,他第二次在上议院演说,猛烈抨击英国政府对爱尔兰的压迫和奴役政策。拜伦在国会的两次演说,还有他那些矛头指向反动当局的作品,使他与英国统治集团之间结下了不解的仇恨。1814年,他又因写诗嘲讽摄政王乔治,遭到了豪绅政客和御用文人的围攻。1815年滑铁卢战役后,俄、普、奥等国政府结成“神圣同盟”,力图在欧洲维护封建统治秩序,扑灭各国的革命和民族独立运动。在此后数年中,拜伦成为欧洲各国进步势力反对“神圣同盟”的思想领袖。1816年春,拜伦的妻子米尔班克离家出走并要求分居。英国各种守旧势力便以此为口实,对拜伦再次汹汹围攻,规模之大,声势之猛,远超过1814年那一次。同年4月,拜伦便永远离开了英国。

他先到比利时,凭吊了滑铁卢战场,然后溯莱茵河到瑞士,在莱蒙湖畔住了四个多月。在这里结识了雪莱夫妇,时相过从。雪莱的无神论和乐观主义,对拜伦的思想和创作产生了有益的影响。10月,拜伦从瑞士移居意大利,不久便与谋求意大利独立解放的秘密革命组织“烧炭党”发生接触。在此后的几年中,拜伦积极参与烧炭党反抗奥地利统治的革命活动,为党人草拟革命传单、宣言等文件。奥地利当局视拜伦为眼中钉,检查他的信件,禁止他的作品出版发行,派警察、暗探对他盯梢,甚至雇了刺客准备暗杀他。

1816年至1817年间,拜伦除完成了《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》第三、四章外,还写了《锡雍的囚徒》、《曼弗瑞德》和《贝波》等作品。从1818年开始,陆续写《堂璜》各章。1820年至1822年,创作了《该隐》、《爱尔兰的万家生佛》、《审判的幻景》和《青铜时代》,还写了几部历史剧,包括《马里诺·法利埃罗》和《福斯卡利父子》等。

1821年,烧炭党所组织的革命起义终归失败。此后,拜伦的注意力转向希腊的民族解放斗争。他要求加入在伦敦成立的“英国支援希腊独立委员会”,并表示愿意亲赴希腊参战。得到委员会的同意后,他便把变卖庄园所得款项和稿费积蓄都捐献出来,支援希腊的独立事业。1823年7月中旬,他雇了一艘大船,带着炮两门、其他军械若干、马五匹、药品若干、西班牙币五万元,从意大利西海岸出发,前往希腊。8月3日到达希腊的凯法利尼亚岛,为军队的整顿、训练和作战进行各项准备工作。1824年1月5日到达迈索隆吉翁,受到万人空巷的盛大欢迎。后来,他被希腊独立政府任命为希腊独立军一个方面军的总司令,致力于军事、政治、经济各方面的繁重事务,十分紧张劳累,每天与士兵吃同样的伙食,和士兵一道参加军事操练。4月终因操劳过度而病倒。迁延至4月18日,他自知不起,说:“不幸的人们!不幸的希腊!为了她,我付出了我的时间,我的财产,我的健康;现在,又加上了我的生命。此外我还能做什么呢?”4月19日逝世,年仅36岁。

在拜伦的大量作品中,这里只能择述主要的几种。《东方故事诗》六种(1813—1815)包括《异教徒》、《阿比多斯的新娘》、《海盗》、《莱拉》、《围攻科林斯》和《巴里西娜》,故事都取材于东方(西亚和南欧),充满了异域情调和浪漫色彩,显示了作者用诗体叙事的卓越才能。尤其引人注目的是:这些诗篇的主人公都是所谓“拜伦式英雄”——热情的、意志坚强的、高傲的、英勇不屈的,然而又是孤独的、阴郁的、个人主义的、与社会对立的反抗者和叛逆者。《东方故事诗》既表现了拜伦决不调和妥协的反抗精神,也反映了他在欧洲革命低潮时期的彷徨、苦闷、怀疑和失望。

长诗《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》(1809—1817)分为四章。第一、二章实际上是作者1809年至1811年漫游葡萄牙、西班牙、阿尔巴尼亚、希腊等地的诗体游记,其中歌颂了南欧人民反抗侵略压迫、争取自由解放的斗争。第三章是作者1816年旅居比利时和瑞士的见闻和感受。他在这一章中评论了欧洲的一些重大历史事件,反映了1815年拿破仑覆败以后欧洲历史新阶段的面貌。第四章主要是写意大利,表现了对意大利民族解放斗争和人民命运的关怀。第三、四章的写作时间比第一、二章晚了几年,在思想上和诗艺上都更加成熟了。

诗剧《曼弗瑞德》(1816—1817)的故事发生于阿尔卑斯山,主人公住在深山古堡里,精神上充满痛苦,过着孤独而阴郁的生活,与各种超自然的神魔相接谈,傲慢地面对自己的悲剧命运。在魔鬼面前,曼弗瑞德至死也丝毫不屈,这就与歌德笔下的浮士德不同,而仍与《东方故事诗》中的“拜伦式英雄”相似。

拜伦在1820年至1821年间所写的几部历史剧,可以举出《马里诺·法利埃罗》(1820)为代表。此剧描写14世纪威尼斯总督法利埃罗企图推翻贵族寡头暴政而终归失败的事迹。剧中通过主人公如下一段独白,阐述了暴力革命的正义性:“用什么方法呢?目的崇高,任何方法都是合理的。人流出几滴血又算什么?这算不得人血,暴君流的[1]血不是人血。暴君就像吃人的摩洛1,喝我们的血,他们把多少人送进了坟墓,到头来自己也被送进坟墓。”剧中还描写了两个忠心耿耿为争取人民权利而斗争的平民领袖。这个剧本中出现的人物形象,已远非《东方故事诗》中那些个人主义的、孤独绝望的反抗者所能比拟。

诗剧《该隐》(1821)同基督教圣经大唱反调,大胆指出:上帝(耶和华)是一个凶残邪恶的暴君,是世间一切罪恶和不幸的总根子。剧中赞美反抗上帝的该隐,赞美同上帝分庭抗礼的“恶魔”卢息弗,谴责在上帝面前恭顺服从的奴性,表现了反抗到底、决不妥协的叛逆精神。此剧受到歌德、雪莱等人的热烈称赞,雪莱说,此剧表明拜伦是“弥尔顿以后无敌的大诗人”。但英国贵族社会和教会则为之哗然,群起挞伐,谥拜伦为“恶魔”,大法官艾尔登也亲自出马,诋毁此剧。

讽刺长诗《审判的幻景》(1821)揭露英国的反动统治者,特别是指斥死去不久的英王乔治三世的种种罪恶,说他是自由的头号敌人;并嘲讽给这个昏君唱赞歌的“桂冠诗人”骚塞。这首诗被认为是讽刺诗中的典范。

长诗《青铜时代》(1822)以“神圣同盟”各国首脑在意大利维罗纳举行的会议为题材,用讽刺笔法描绘了俄皇亚历山大一世、法王路易十八、英国统帅威灵顿等人的肖像,严正斥责“神圣同盟”镇压各国人民革命运动的反动政策和措施,赞美反抗奴役、挣脱锁链的西班牙等国人民。

一万六千余行的长诗《堂璜》(1818—1823)被公认为拜伦最重要的作品。因此,这里也以较多的笔墨,对《堂璜》作较为详细的介绍。

在西欧的古老传说中,堂璜原是西班牙一个荒淫无耻的花花太岁。而在拜伦的笔下,他却成了一个虽然风流成性却也端方正直、热情勇敢的英俊青年,他生活的时代也移到了18世纪末叶。全诗的主要情节是:堂璜16岁时便与街邻少妇私通,奸情败露后被迫离开西班牙;航船在海上遇险沉没,堂璜漂流到一座希腊小岛,与海盗头子的女儿相爱,又被海盗头子活活拆散;堂璜被卖为奴,进入土耳其后宫,被王妃看上,又险些被她杀害;逃出后,投入了攻打土耳其的俄国军队,因立有战功,被俄军统帅派往彼得堡向女皇呈送捷报,从此成为女皇的宠臣;后来又被女皇派往英国处理外交事务。长诗的写作因拜伦赴希腊而中断,没有完成;按照拜伦原来的意图,还想“让主人公周游欧洲”,最后参加法国大革命并在革命中死去。

故事情节是引人入胜的,何况拜伦又很善于讲故事,讲起来不仅娓娓动听,简直勾魂摄魄。然而,如果仅仅是故事,那还远远不足以说明这部巨著的价值。《堂璜》之所以成为世界文学宝库中的瑰宝,主要是由于:它以整个欧洲为背景,用史诗般的、百科全书般的宏大规模,从各个不同的侧面和角度,运用千变万化的手法,广泛地、真实地而又深刻地反映了18世纪末叶到19世纪初期欧洲的政治和社会面貌,是对整个时代、整个社会的写照、评论和总结。而全诗的主要基调则是讽刺。

长诗历历如绘地记叙和描写了堂璜的所见、所闻、所历与所作所为,同时又连连不断地插入诗人自己妙趣横生、鞭辟入里的议论和评说,而讽刺的基调便贯穿在记叙和议论这两者之中。诗人讽刺暴君和专制暴政,讽刺王室、大臣、将帅、教会和御用文人,讽刺攻城略地、杀人盈野的战争,讽刺武装镇压集会示威群众的血腥暴行,讽刺贵族豪门绅士淑女的虚伪、冷酷和卑劣,讽刺“上流社会”的政治角逐、社交活动和家庭生活,讽刺被视为天经地义的宗教、法律、道德规范和风尚习俗……总之,是对英国和整个欧洲贵族社会和贵族政治的无情揭露和深刻批判。无怪乎拜伦自己曾经说过:《堂璜》是一部讽刺史诗。《堂璜》的另一基调是抒情。讽刺与抒情本来是难以水乳交融的;拜伦却能够从容运笔,挥洒自如,把两者巧妙地熔铸在一起,而不显得生硬或突兀。长诗充分表明:作者既是讽刺的巨匠,也是抒情的高手。本书节选的《堂璜与海蒂》这一大段,便是《堂璜》全诗中抒情气氛和浪漫色彩最浓的部分。《堂璜》气势恢宏,包罗万象,像生活本身那样缤纷多彩。诗中有许多精彩非凡的笔墨,或荡气回肠,或惊心动魄,或风流旖旎,或奇突诙谐,千状万态,变化无穷,本书所节选的部分也同样如此。

本书收录的诗篇,原诗基本上都是格律体。把英语格律诗译成现代汉语(白话)格律诗,这是闻一多、孙大雨、卞之琳诸先生所提倡并经过实践检验的正确主张,也是笔者长期以来所遵循的准则。本书收录的拙译,除少数几首外,绝大多数译诗每行的顿数都与原诗的音步数相等,韵式(包括行内韵)也完全仿照原诗。

本书译者所译的拜伦诗歌选集,曾先后在大陆的五家出版社和台湾的两家出版公司出版过,累积印数已超过五十万册,但各种版本的书名、篇幅、译文内容都有所不同。现在由外语教学与研究出版社出版英汉对照本,译者又作了新的修订。[1] 摩洛,要儿童作献祭品的神。屡见于《旧约》。On the Death of Margaret Parker,Cousin to the AuthorHush’d are the winds, and still the evening gloom,Not e’en a zephyr wanders through the grove,Whilst I return, to view my Margaret’s tomb,And scatter flowers on the dust I love.

  Within this narrow cell reclines her clay,That clay, where once such animation beam’d;The King of Terrors seized her as his prey,Not worth, nor beauty, have her life redeem’d.

  Oh!could that King of Terrors pity feel,Or Heaven reverse the dread decrees of fate!Not here the mourner would his grief reveal,Not here the muse her virtues would relate.

  But wherefore weep? Her matchless spirit soarsBeyond where splendid shines the orb of day;And weeping angels lead her to those bowersWhere endless pleasures virtue’s deeds repay.

  And shall presumptuous mortals Heaven arraign,And, madly, godlike Providence accuse?Ah!no, far fly from me attempts so vain;—I’ll ne’er submission to my God refuse.

  Yet is remembrance of those virtues dear,Yet fresh the memory of that beauteous face;Still they call forth my warm affection’s tear,Still in my heart retain their wonted place.[1]

悼玛格丽特表姐晚风沉寂了,暮色悄然无声,林间不曾有一缕微飏吹度;我归来祭扫玛格丽特的坟茔,[2]把鲜花撒向我所挚爱的尘土。

  这狭小墓穴里偃卧着她的身躯,想当年芳华乍吐,闪射光焰;如今可怖的死神已将她攫去,美德和丽质也未能赎返天年。

  哦!只要死神懂一点仁慈,只要上苍能撤销命运的裁决!吊客就无需来这儿诉他的悲思,诗人也无需来这儿赞她的莹洁。

  为何要悲恸?她无匹的灵魂高翔,凌越于红日赫赫流辉的碧落;垂泪的天使领她到天国闺房,那儿,善行换来了无尽的欢乐。

  可容许放肆的凡夫问罪上苍,如痴似狂地斥责神圣的天意?不!这愚妄意图已离我远飏,——我岂能拒不顺从我们的上帝!

  但对她美德的怀想是这样亲切,但对她娇容的记忆是这样新鲜;它们依旧汲引我深情的泪液,依旧盘桓在它们惯住的心田。原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行5音步,译诗每行5顿。原诗每节韵式为abab(交韵),译诗依原诗。[1] 这是现存的拜伦诗歌中最早的一首,1802年作者14岁时所作,1807年收入诗集出版时未作修改。据《拜伦日记》,玛格丽特帕克是作者的表姐,约比作者大一岁,生前与作者感情甚笃。作者最早的一首诗(作于1800年,已失传)就是为她而作的。约在她14或15岁时,因不慎跌伤,  脊骨受损,终于不治。当时作者正就读于伦敦郊外的哈罗公学,在她死  后才得知消息。这首诗是稍后作者回来给她扫墓时写的。

  [2] 此处的“尘土”不仅指坟墓的一抔之土,也指坟墓中的死者。典出《旧约·创世记》第3章耶和华对亚当说的话:“你本是尘土,仍要归于尘土。”To M.S.G.When I dream that you love me, you’ll surely forgive;Extend not your anger to sleep;For in visions alone your affection can live,—I rise, and it leaves me to weep.

  Then, Morpheus!envelope my faculties fast,Shed o’er me your languor benign;Should the dream of to-night but resemble the last,What rapture celestial is mine!

  They tell us that slumber, the sister of death,Mortality’s emblem is given;To fate how I long to resign my frail breath,If this be a foretaste of heaven!

  Ah!frown not, sweet lady, unbend your soft brow,Nor deem me too happy in this;If I sin in my dream, I atone for it now,Thus doom’d but to gaze upon bliss.

  Though in visions, sweet lady, perhaps you may smile,Oh!think not my penance decient!When dreams of your presence my slumbers beguile,To awake will be torture sufcient.给M.S.G.要是我梦见你爱我,你休怪,休要迁怒于睡眠;你的爱只在梦乡存在,——醒来,我空余泪眼。

  睡神!快封闭我的神志,让昏倦流布我周身;愿今宵好梦与昨夜相似:像仙境一样销魂!

  听说,睡眠——死亡的姊妹,也是死亡的样品;天国倘若是这般滋味,愿死神早早降临!

  舒眉展眼吧,美人,且息怒,我何曾心花怒放;梦中的罪孽要清算:幸福只许我凝眸痴望。

  梦中,也许你笑口微开,莫说我受罚还不够!入睡,被美梦欺哄;醒来,这苦刑怎生忍受!原诗抑抑扬格为主,单数行4音步,双数行3音步,译诗单数行4顿,双数行3顿。原诗每节韵式为abab,译诗依原诗。Lachin y GairAway, ye gay landscapes, ye gardens of roses!In you let the minions of luxury rove;Restore me the rocks, where the snow-flake reposes,Though still they are sacred to freedom and love:Yet, Caledonia, beloved are thy mountains,Round their white summits though elements war;Though cataracts foam ’stead of smooth-flowing fountains,I sigh for the valley of dark Loch na Garr.

  Ah!there my young footsteps in infancy wander’d;My cap was the bonner, my cloak was the plaid;On chieftains long perish’d my memory ponder’d,As daily I strode through the pine-cover;d glade.I sought not my home till the day’s dying gloryGave place to the rays of the bright polar star;For fancy was cheer’d by traditional story,Disclosed by the natives of dark Loch na Garr.‘Shades of the dead!have I not heard your voicesRise on the night-rolling breath of the gale?Surely the soul of the hero rejoices,

  And rides on the wind, o’er his own Highland vale.Round Loch na Garr while the stormy mist gathers,Winter presides in his cold icy car:Clouds there encircle the forms of my fathers;They dwell in the tempests of dark Loch na Garr.

  Ill-starr’d, though brave, did no visions forebodingTell you that fate had forsaken your cause?Ah!were you destined to die at Culloden,Victory crown’d not your fall with applause:Still were you happy in death’s earthy slumber,You rest with your clan in the caves of Braemar;The pibroch resounds to the piper’s loud number,Your deeds on the echoes of dark Loch na Garr.

  Years have roll‘d on, Loch na Garr, since I left you,Years must elapse ere I tread you again:Nature of verdure and flow’rs has bereft you,Yet still are you dearer than Albion’s plain.England!thy beauties are tame and domesticTo one who has roved on the mountains afar:Oh for the crags that are wild and majestic!The steep frowning glories of dark Loch na Garr![1]勒钦伊盖去吧,浓艳的景色,玫瑰的园圃!让富贵宠儿在你们那里遨游;还给我巉岩峻岭——白雪的住处,尽管它们已许身于爱和自由;[2]喀利多尼亚!我爱慕你的山岳,尽管皑皑的峰顶风雨交加,不见泉水徐流,见瀑布飞泻,我还是眷念幽暗的洛赫纳佳!

  啊!我幼时常常在那儿来往,[3]头戴软帽,身披格子呢外衣;缅怀着那些亡故多年的酋长,我天天踱过松柯掩映的林地。直到白昼收尽了暗淡余光,北极星当空闪耀,我才回家;流传的故事勾起迷人的遐想,是山民传述的——在幽暗的洛赫纳佳。“逝者的亡灵!难道我没有听到席卷暗夜的怒风里,你们在喧呼?”英雄的精魂定然会开颜欢笑,驾御天风驰骋于故乡的山谷。当风雪迷雰在洛赫纳佳聚拢,冬之神驱着冰车君临天下,云霾围裹着我们祖先的身影,在那风暴里——在幽暗的洛赫纳佳。

  “不幸的勇士们!竟没有什么异象[4]预示命运遗弃了你们的事业?”你们注定了要在卡洛登阵亡,哪会有胜利的欢呼将你们酬谢!总算有幸,和你们部族一起,[5]在勃瑞玛岩穴,你们长眠地下;高亢风笛传扬着你们的事迹,峰峦回应着——在幽暗的洛赫纳佳。

  洛赫纳佳呵,别后已多少光阴!再与你相逢,还要过多少岁月!造化虽不曾给你繁花和绿荫,[6]你却比艾尔宾原野更为亲切。从远方山岳归来的游子眼中,英格兰!你的美过于驯良温雅;我多么眷念那粗犷雄峻的岩峰!那含怒的奇景,那幽暗的洛赫纳佳!原诗抑抑扬格为主,每行4音步(单数行行末多一个轻音节),译诗改为每行5顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗(但译诗第2节ac同韵)。[1] 1745年,查理爱德华斯图亚特(1720—1788)率领苏格兰高地人  起事。1746年,在茵弗内斯以东的卡洛登荒原被英格兰军队击败,查理逃往法国。此后,苏格兰的氏族制度全被摧毁,参加起事的酋长被撤 换,氏族法庭、氏族服装甚至风笛也都遭禁止。据作者原注,作者的母系先人——戈登家族有不少人参加过查理的队伍。

  [2] 勃瑞玛,苏格兰阿伯丁郡南部格兰皮恩山地的一个地区,在勒钦伊盖以北。

  [3] 艾尔宾是英格兰的古称。

  [4] 勒钦伊盖(当地盖尔语称之为“洛赫纳佳”),苏格兰东北部格兰皮恩山脉的高峰,海拔3786英尺,峰顶终年积雪。作者8岁时曾住在该峰附近。

  [5] 喀利多尼亚,苏格兰的拉丁语名称。

  [6]“软帽”指苏格兰男子所戴的扁平软帽。“格子呢外衣”是苏格兰高地人的服装。下行的“酋长”指苏格兰氏族首领。I would I were a Careless ChildI would I were a careless child,Still dwelling in my Highland cave,Or roaming through the dusky wild,Or bounding o’er the dark blue wave;The cumbrous pomp of Saxon prideAccords not with the freeborn soul,Which loves the mountain’s craggy side,And seeks the rocks where billows roll.

  Fortune!take back these cultured lands,Take back this name of splendid sound!I hate the touch of servile hands,I hate the slaves that cringe around.Place me among the rocks I love,Which sound to Ocean’s wildest roar;I ask but this—again to roveThrough scenes my youth hath known before.

  Few are my years, and yet I feelThe world was ne’er design’d for me:Ah!why do dark’ning shades conceal

  The hour when man must cease to be?Once I beheld a splendid dream,A visionary scene of bliss:Truth!—wherefore did thy hated beamAwake me to a world like this?

  I loved—but those I loved are gone;Had friends—my early friends are fled:How cheerless feels the heart aloneWhen all its former hopes are dead!Though gay companions o’er the bowlDispel awhile the sense of ill;Though pleasure stirs the maddening soul,The heart—the heart—is lonely still.

  How dull!to hear the voice of thoseWhom rank or chance, whom wealth or power,Have made, though neither friends nor foes,Associates of the festive hour.Give me again a faithful few,In years and feelings still the same,And I will fly the midnight crew,Where boist frous joy is but a name.

  And woman, lovely woman!thou,My hope, my comforter, my all?How cold must be my bosom now,When e’en thy smiles begin to pall!Without a sigh would I resign

  This busy scene of splendid woe,To make that calm contentment mine,Which virtue knows, or seems to know.

  Fain would I fly the haunts of men—I seek to shun, not hate mankind;My breast requires the sullen glen,Whose gloom may suit a darken’d mindOh!that to me the wings were givenWhich bear the turtle to her nest!Then would I cleave the vault of heaven,To flee away, and be at rest.我愿做无忧无虑的小孩我愿做无忧无虑的小孩,[1]仍然居住在高原的洞穴,或是在微曛旷野里徘徊,或是在暗蓝海波上腾跃;[2]撒克逊浮华的繁文缛礼不合我生来自由的意志,我眷念坡道崎岖的山地,我向往狂涛扑打的巨石。

  命运呵!请收回丰熟的田畴,[3]收回这响亮的尊荣称号!我厌恶被人卑屈地迎候,厌恶被奴仆躬身环绕。把我放回我酷爱的山岳,听巉岩应和咆哮的海洋;我只求让我重新领略我从小熟悉的故国风光。

  我虽然年少,也能感觉出这世界决不是为我而设;幽冥暗影为何要幂覆

  世人向尘寰告别的时刻?我也曾瞥见过辉煌梦境——极乐之乡的神奇幻觉;真相呵!为何你可憎的光明唤醒我面临这么个世界?

  我爱过——所爱之人已离去;有朋友——早年友谊已终结;孤苦的心灵怎能不忧郁,当原有的希望都黯然熄灭!纵然酒宴中欢谑的伙伴们把恶劣情怀驱散了片刻;豪兴能振奋痴狂的灵魂,心儿呵,心儿却永远寂寞。

  多无聊!去听那些人闲谈:那些人与我非敌非友,是门第、权势、财富或机缘使他们与我在筵前聚首。把几个忠诚密友还给我,还是原来的年纪和心情;躲开那半夜喧嚣的一伙,他们的欢乐不过是虚名。

  美人,可爱的美人!你就是我的希望,慰藉,和一切?连你那笑靥的魅力也消失,我心中怎能不奇寒凛冽!又富丽又惨苦的繁嚣俗境,

  我毫无叹惜,愿从此告辞;我只要怡然知足的恬静——“美德”熟识它,或似曾相识。

  告别这熙来攘往的去处——我不恨人类,只是想避开;我痴心寻觅阴沉崖谷,那暝色契合这晦暗胸怀。但愿能给我一双翅膀:像斑鸠飞回栖宿的巢里,我也要展翅飞越穹苍,[4]飘然远引,得享安息。原诗抑扬格(偶有扬抑格和抑抑扬格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗(但译诗第6节ad同韵)。[1]“高原”,指苏格兰高地。

  [2] 在苏格兰的盖尔语中,“撒克逊”一词可指英格兰人。

  [3] 作者幼时跟母亲住在苏格兰,生活贫困。10岁时,由于伯祖父(第5代拜伦男爵)去世,没有嗣子,作者便成为第6代拜伦男爵(诗中“响亮的尊荣称号”指此),继承了纽斯台德寺院、罗岱尔两处房产和两千多亩土地(诗中“丰熟的田畴”指此)。

  [4]《旧约·诗篇》第55篇:“我说,但愿我有翅膀像鸽子,我就飞去,得享安息。”When We Two PartedWhen we two partedIn silence and tears,Half broken-heartedTo sever for years,Pale grew thy cheek and cold,Colder thy kiss;Truly that hour foretoldSorrow to this!

  The dew of the morningSunk chill on my brow—It felt like the warningOf what I feel now.Thy vows are all broken,And light is thy fame;I hear thy name spoken,And share in its shame.

  They name thee before me,A knell to mine ear;A shudder comes o’er me—Why wert thou so dearThey know not I knew thee,Who knew thee too well:—Long, long shall I rue thee,Too deeply to tell.

  In secret we met—In silence I grieve,That thy heart could forget,Thy spirit deceive.If I should meet theeAfter long years,How should I greet thee?—With silence and tears.当初我们俩分别当初我们俩分别,只有沉默和眼泪,心儿几乎要碎裂,得分隔多少年岁!你的脸发白发冷,你的吻更是冰凉;确实呵,那个时辰预告了今日的悲伤!

  清晨滴落的露珠浸入我眉头,好冷——对我今天的感触仿佛是预先示警。你把盟誓都背弃,名声也轻浮浪荡;听别人把你说起,连我也羞愧难当。

  他们当着我说你,像丧钟响彻耳旁;我周身止不住战栗——对你怎这样情长?他们不知我熟悉你——只怕是熟悉过度;我会久久惋惜你,深切得难以陈诉。

  想当初幽期密约,到如今默默哀怨:你的心儿会忘却,你的灵魂会欺骗。要是多少年以后,我偶然与你相会,用什么将你迎候?只有沉默和眼泪。原诗抑扬格与抑抑扬格混用(偶有扬抑格),各行音步数不规则,大抵在2步至3步之间,译诗改为每行3顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗。To a LadyOn Being Asked My Reason for Quitting England in the SpringWhen Man, expell’d from Eden’s bowers,A moment linger’d near the gate,Each scene recall’d the vanish’d hours,And bade him curse his future fate.

  But, wandering on through distant climes,He learnt to bear his load of grief;Just gave a sigh to other times,And found in busier scenes relief.

  Thus, Mary!will it be with me,And I must view thy charms no more;For, while I linger near to thee,I sigh for all I knew before.

  In flight I shall be surely wise,Escaping from temptation’s snare;I cannot view my paradiseWithout the wish of dwelling there.[1]答一位淑女她问我为什么明年春天要出国远游[2]当人被逐出伊甸园门,在门首盘桓,不忍遽去,眼前的一切都枨触前尘,都叫他诅咒未来的境遇。

  此后,他远走异域关山,学会了如何忍受悲苦;对往日良辰只付之一叹,借纷繁景象把心事排除。

  亲爱的玛丽!我也像这般,不得不与你芳姿告别;倘若我在你左近盘桓,[3]我也会叹惜往日的一切。

  远游能使我明智地脱险,逃离此间魔障的引诱;只要我还能见到这乐园,就不甘默认我无福消受。原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为abab,译诗依原诗。[1]“一位淑女”,指玛丽安查沃思。作者十几岁时热恋过她。1805年,她和别人结了婚。1822年,作者在回忆早年同她的交往时,曾十分遗憾地说:“热情只是我单方面的。……她喜欢我只像喜欢一个弟弟那样,把我当孩子一样看待和取笑。……如果我和她结了婚,我的整个人生途程便会大不相同了。”此诗写于1808年12月。当时作者已定于翌年春天离英国去东方(指南欧和西亚)游历。

  [2]“人”,指亚当。据《旧约创世记》第2—3章,耶和华让亚当、夏娃 二人(人类的始祖)住在伊甸乐园里;后来,他们违反耶和华的嘱咐,偷吃了知识之树的果子,被耶和华逐出伊甸园。

  [3] 暗示:由于玛丽已和别人结婚,作者也像亚当一样失去了乐园。Maid of AthensMaid of Athens, ere we part,Give, oh, give me back my heart!Or, since that has left my breast,Keep it now, and take the rest!Hear my vow before I go,Zωη μου, σαS αyαπω.

  By those tresses unconfined,Woo’d by each Aegean wind;By those lids whose jetty fringeKiss thy soft cheeks’ blooming tinge;By those wild eyes like the roe,Zωη μου, σαS αyαπω.

  By that lip I long to taste;By that zone-encircled waist;By all the token-flowers that tellWhat words can never speak so well;By love’s alternate joy and woe,Zωη μου, σαS αyαπω.

  Maid of Athens!I am gone:Think of me, sweet!when alone.Though I fly to Istambol,Athens holds my heart and soul:Can I cease to love thee? No!Zωη μου, σαS αyαπω.雅典的女郎趁我们还没分手的时光,还我的心来,雅典的女郎!不必了,心既已离开我胸口,你就留着吧,把别的也拿走!我临行立下了誓言,请听:[1]我爱你呵,你是我生命!

  凭着你那些松散的发辫——爱琴海清风将它们眷恋;凭着你眼皮——那乌黑眼睫亲吻你颊上嫣红的光泽;凭着你小鹿般迷人的眼睛,我爱你呵,你是我生命!

  凭着我痴情渴慕的红唇;凭着那丝带紧束的腰身;[2]凭着定情花——它们的暗喻胜过了人间的千言万语;凭着爱情的欢乐和酸辛,我爱你呵,你是我生命!

  我可真走了,雅典的女郎!怀念我吧,在孤寂的时光![3]我身向伊斯坦布尔飞奔,雅典却拘留了我的心魂:我能够不爱你吗?不能!我爱你呵,你是我生命!原诗扬抑格为主,每行4音步(行末少一个轻音节),译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为aabbcc(随韵),译诗依原诗。[1] 这一行和以下各节的末行,原文为希腊文。

  [2] 希腊少女常以花朵作为表白爱情的信物。

  [3] 伊斯坦布尔,即君士坦丁堡,原为土耳其首都。Translation of the Famous Greek War SongSons of the Greeks, arise!The glorious hour’s gone forth,And, worthy of such ties,Display who gave us birth.

  Sons of Greeks!let us goIn arms against the foe,Till their hated blood shall flowIn a river past our feet.

  Then manfully despisingThe Turkish tyrant’s yoke,Let your country see you rising,And all her chains are broke.Brave shades of chiefs and sages,Behold the coming strife!Hellenes of past ages,Oh, start again to life!At the sound of my trumpet, breakingYour sleep, oh, join with me!

  And the seven-hill’d city seeking,Fight, conquer, till we’re free.

  Sons of Greeks!let us goIn arms against the foe,Till their hated blood shall flowIn a river past our feet.

  Sparta, Sparta, why in slumbersLethargic dost thou lieAwake, and join thy numbersWith Athens, old ally!Leonidas recalling,That chief of ancient song,Who saved ye once from falling,The terrible!the strong!Who made that bold diversionIn old Thermopylae,And warring with the PersianTo keep his country free;With his three hundred wagingThe battle, long he stood,And like a lion raging,Expired in seas of blood.

  Sons of Greeks!let us goIn arms against the foe,Till their hated blood shall flowIn a river past our feet.希腊战歌[1]译自希腊文起来,希腊的儿男!光荣时刻已到来,要效法我们祖先,不枉作英豪后代!

  起来,希腊的儿男!挥戈向敌人迎战,让他们腥臭的血川像河水在脚下奔窜!

  让我们傲然抗拒土耳其暴君的强权,让祖国眼见她儿女站起来,砸碎锁链!先王和先哲的英灵来检阅这场决战!希腊的列祖列宗听到号角的呼唤,快从坟墓中苏生,参加我们的战斗!

  [2]要攻克七山之城,夺回我们的自由!

  起来,希腊的儿男!挥戈向敌人迎战,让他们腥臭的血川像河水在脚下奔窜!

  醒来吧,斯巴达!今天你怎能高卧不起?同你的老伙伴雅典[3]快联合起来抗敌!把历代讴歌的主君[4]列奥尼达斯唤回,他曾拯救过你们,何等刚强而可畏![5]扼守在温泉险关,他英勇牵制敌寇,同波斯军队鏖战,让祖国得保自由;他率领三百勇士,战斗中始终挺立,像威猛暴怒的雄狮,在滔滔血海中沉溺。

  起来,希腊的儿男!挥戈向敌人迎战,让他们腥臭的血川像河水在脚下奔窜!原诗抑扬格为主,每行3音步,译诗每行3顿。韵式,原诗各节用交韵,但副歌(chorus)则为aaa×(×表示不押韵);译诗韵式依原诗,但副歌末行亦押韵,即aaaa。[1] 拜伦1810年在希腊游历时,翻译了希腊革命烈士里加斯(1757—1798)的这首诗歌。当时希腊正遭受土耳其的统治和奴役。拜伦始终深情关注希腊人民争取独立自由的斗争。13年之后(1823年),拜伦终于由诗人而成为战士,直接投身到希腊独立军中;1824年,他在希腊土地上献出了年轻的生命。

  [2] 据拜伦原注,此处“七山之城”是指君士坦丁堡。

  [3] 斯巴达和雅典都是古希腊的城邦。雅典文化繁荣,斯巴达武力强盛。

  [4] 列奥尼达斯,古斯巴达国王,公元前488年即位。

  [5] 温泉关(Thermopylae,或音译为“德摩比利”),是希腊北部与中部交界处的险要关隘,位于高山与海岸之间,因附近有两道硫磺温泉而得名。公元前480年,波斯军队侵入希腊,列奥尼达斯率领斯巴达勇士300人在这里据险固守,阻挡了敌人。最后,他们全部壮烈捐躯。To flyrzaWithout a stone to mark the spot,And say, what Truth might well have said,By all, save one, perchance forgot,Ah!wherefore art thou lowly laid?

  By many a shore and many a seaDivided, yet beloved in vain;The past, the future fled to theeTo bid us meet—no—ne’er again!

  Could this have been—a word, a lookThat softly said, ‘We part in peace,’Had taught my bosom how to brook,With fainter sighs, thy soul’s release.

  And didst thou not, since Death for theePrepared a light and pangless dart,Once long for him thou ne’er shalt seeWho held, and holds thee in his heart?

  Oh!who like him had watch’d thee here?Or sadly mark’d thy glazing eye,In that dread hour ere death appear,When silent sorrow fears to sigh,

  Till all was past? But when no more‘Twas thine to reck of human woe,Affection’s heart-drops, gushing o’er,Had flow’d as fast—as now they flow.

  Shall they not flow, when many a dayIn these, to me, deserted towers,Ere call’d but for a time away,Affection’s mingling tears were ours?

  Ours too the glance none saw beside;The smile none else might understand;The whisper’d thought of hearts allied,The pressure of the thrilling hand;

  The kiss, so guiltless and reflnedThat Love each warmer wish forbore;Those eyes proclaim’d so pure a mind,Even passion blush’d to plead for more.

  The tone, that taught me to rejoice,When prone, unlike thee, to repine;

  The song, celestial from thy voice,But sweet to me from none but thine;

  The pledge we wore—I wear it still,But where is thine? —Ah!where art thou?Oft have I borne the weight of ill,But never bent beneath till now!Well hast thou left in life’s best bloomThe cup of woe for me to drain.If rest alone be in the tomb,I would not wish thee here again;

  But if in worlds more blest than thisThy virtues seek a tter sphere,Impart some portion of thy bliss,To wean me from mine anguish here.

  Teach me—too early taught by thee!To bear, forgiving and forgiven:On earth thy love was such to me;It fain would form my hope in heaven![1]给赛沙没一块墓碑标明方位,把你的真情如实记载,为什么你要沉沉入睡,被所有世人(除了我)忘怀?

  你与我远隔瀛海山川,相思无益,仍苦苦相爱;过去的,未来的,飞向你身边,祝我们团聚——不再,永不再!

  若曾有一句话,或一道眼波,说过“让我们默默分手”,[2]那么,对于你灵魂的解脱或许我还能吞声忍受。

  听说死神给你的一箭轻快而无痛;临终时,曾否把无缘再见的故人眷念——他始终把你牢记在心头?

  有哪个像他的,曾来守护你,痛心地看到你目光渐滞,死亡在临近,悲叹也屏息,直到这种种全都完事?

  而当你寂然化为异物,对人间悲苦不再萦怀,深情的热泪就夺眶而出,[3]飞快地奔涌——一如现在。

  怎能不奔涌!有不少日子,当我还不曾暂离本地,在现已荒废的楼台,多次你我的热泪混融在一起!

  无人曾见的脉脉相觑;无人能解的淡淡笑容;缔盟两心低诉的思绪;颤栗手儿的抚摩触动;

  我们的亲吻,纯真无邪,使爱情抑制了热切心愿;眼神昭示了心灵的明洁,连激情也羞于另生奢念。

  我与你不同,常耽于苦恼,是你的音调教给我欢欣;

  是你的仙喉使歌声神妙,那甘美仅仅源于你一人。

  你我的信物——我至今佩带,你的在哪里?——你又在哪里?沉重的忧患,我惯常负载,从未像今天,压弯了背脊!

  在芳艳年华,你悠然远逝,苦难的深杯留给我喝干。墓穴里果真只有安适,又何需望你重返人寰。

  倘若在神圣的星河天国,你找到一座中意的星球,请把那福祉分一份给我,好摆脱这边无尽的烦忧。

  我早就蒙你教益;如今[4]教会我苦熬吧,与世人互谅;在世间,你爱我如此情深,当乐于赐我天国的希望!原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为abab,译诗依原诗。The song, celestial from thy voice,But sweet to me from none but thine;

  The pledge we wore—I wear it still,But where is thine? —Ah!where art thou?Oft have I borne the weight of ill,But never bent beneath till now!Well hast thou left in life’s best bloomThe cup of woe for me to drain.If rest alone be in the tomb,I would not wish thee here again;

  But if in worlds more blest than thisThy virtues seek a tter sphere,Impart some portion of thy bliss,To wean me from mine anguish here.

  Teach me—too early taught by thee!To bear, forgiving and forgiven:On earth thy love was such to me;It fain would form my hope in heaven![1] 这首诗,还有后面的《去吧,去吧》、《倘若偶尔在繁嚣人境》等篇,都是为哀悼作者早年的恋人赛沙而作的,被称为“赛沙组诗”。赛沙的身世,她和作者交往的始末,都已难于查考。从这几首诗的内容来推测,他们相恋当在作者去东方游历(1809年)以前。赛沙卧病直到临终,作者都不在,大约是去东方未归。这几首诗写于1811年10月以后,其时作者归国未久。

  [2] 指死亡。

  [3] 以上两节,意似谓:从赛沙卧病到临终,作者远在异域,不知可曾有(实际上是没有)像作者那样爱护她的人,前来守护和送终。“深情的热泪”是说假想中的那个守护和送终的人,“现在”则是说归国和惊闻噩耗之后的作者。以下的几节,则是回忆作者远游以前两人相聚的日子。

  [4]“与世人互谅”,原文直译是“宽恕人,也被人宽恕”,出于《新约路加福音》第6章第37节。Away, AwayAway, away, ye notes of woe!Be silent, thou once soothing strain,Or I must flee from hence—for, oh!I dare not trust those sounds again.To me they speak of brighter days—But lull the chords, for now, alas!I must not think, I may not gazeOn what I am—on what I was.

  The voice that made those sounds more sweetIs hush’d, and all their charms are fled;And now their softest notes repeatA dirge, an anthem o’er the dead!Yes, Thyrza!yes, they breathe of theeBeloved dust!since dust thou art;And all that once was harmonyIs worse than discord to my heart!

  ‘Tis silent all!—but on my earThe well remember’d echoes thrill;I hear a voice I would not hear,A voice that now might well be still:Yet oft my doubting soul ‘twill shake;Even slumber owns its gentle tone,Till consciousness will vainly wakeTo listen, though the dream be flown.

  Sweet Thyrza!waking as in sleep,Thou art but now a lovely dream;A star that trembled o’er the deep,Then turned from earth its tender beam.But he who through life’s dreary wayMust pass, when heaven is veil’d in wrath,Will long lament the vanish’d rayThat scatter’d gladness o’er his path.去吧,去吧去吧,去吧,悲凉的曲调!沉默吧,一度甘美的乐音!否则,我只得掩耳奔逃,这样的乐曲我不忍重听。它们追述欢愉的往昔——此刻,快停止拨弄琴弦!我不愿正视,也不堪回忆我的今日,和我的当年。

  你嗓音已哑,使这些乐曲原先的魅力都逃逸无踪;如今,它们低回的旋律不过是挽歌哀乐的复诵。是的,它们在唱你,赛沙!唱你——被人挚爱的尘土;那曲调原先是雍融和洽,如今比不上嘈杂的喧呼!

  全都静默了!可是我耳边记忆犹新的回声在颤栗;听见的声音,我不愿听见,这样的声音早就该沉寂。它还在摇撼我迷惘的心灵,那柔婉乐音潜入我梦寐,“意识”枉然醒过来谛听,那梦境早已飞去不回。

  赛沙呵!醒来也如在梦中,你化为一场神奇的梦幻;仿佛海上闪烁的孤星,清光已不再俯照人寰。当苍天震怒,大地阴晦,有人在人生的征途跋涉,他久久悼惜那隐没的明辉——它在这征途上投洒过欢乐。原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗。If Sometimes in the Haunts of MenIf sometimes in the haunts of menThine image from my breast may fade,The lonely hour presents againThe semblance of thy gentle shade:And now that sad and silent hourThus much of thee can still restore,And sorrow unobserved may pourThe plaint she dare not speak before.

  Oh, pardon that in crowds awhileI waste one thought I owe to thee,And self-condemn’d, appear to smile,Unfaithful to thy memory!Nor deem that memory less dear,That then I seem not to repine;I would not fools should overhearOne sigh that should be wholly thine.

  If not the goblet pass unquaff’d,It is not drain’d to banish care;The cup must hold a deadlier draught,That brings a Lethe for despair.And could Oblivion set my soulFrom all her troubled visions free,I’d dash to earth the sweetest bowlThat drown’d a single thought of thee.

  For wert thou vanish’d from my mind,Where could my vacant bosom turn?And who would then remain behindTo honour thine abandon’d Urn?No, no—it is my sorrow’s prideThat last dear duty to full;Though all the world forget beside,‘Tis meet that I remember still.

  For well I know, that such had beenThy gentle care for him, who nowUnmourn’d shall quit this mortal scene,Where none regarded him, but thou:And, oh!I feel in that was givenA blessing never meant for me;Thou wert too like a dream of Heaven.For earthly Love to merit thee.倘若偶尔在繁嚣人境

倘若偶尔在繁嚣人境,

你音容暂从我心头隐退,

不久,你温柔娴静的幽影

又在我孤寂的时刻重回;

如今,那黯然无语的时刻

还能唤回你前尘历历,

无人察见的哀思会诉说

以前未敢倾吐的悲戚。

  

恕我有时也不免虚耗

那本应专注于你的心意,

我责怪自己强颜欢笑,

未能尽忠于对你的思忆。

似乎我不曾哀恸,那决非

对往事旧情不知珍惜;

我不愿愚夫们听到我伤悲:

向你,只向你吞声饮泣!

  

传杯把盏,我并不拒绝,

却不是以此排遣忧伤;

杯中的毒素要更加酷烈,

才能忘却心中的绝望。“遗忘”或能把我的灵魂

从种种骚乱烦扰中解脱;

它若敢淹没对你的思忖,

我就要把那金杯摔破!

  

倘若你从我心头消失,

这空白心灵又转向何处?

那时有谁留下来坚持

祭扫你被人离弃的坟墓?

我悲怆的心情以此自豪——

履行这最终的高贵职责;

哪怕全世界都把你忘掉,

只要有我在,我终久记得!

  

因为我深知,在悠悠往昔,[1]

你对他何等亲切温存;

今后他死去再无人悼惜,

眷念过他的只有你一人;

我从你那儿蒙受的恩幸

决不是理应归我所有;

你宛如一场天国绮梦,

尘世爱情不配去攀求。原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗(但译诗第2节bd同韵)。[1] “他”,实际上就是“我”。An Ode to the Framers of the Frame BillOh well done Lord E—n!and better done R—r!Britannia must prosper with councils like yours;Hawkesbury, Harrowby, help you to guide her,whose remedy only must kill ere it cures:Those villains, the Weavers, are all grown refractory,Asking some succour for Charity’s sake—So hang them in clusters round each Manufactory,That will at once put an end to mistake.

  The rascals, perhaps, may betake them to robbing,The dogs to be sure have got nothing to eat—So if we can hang them for breaking a bobbin,‘T will save all the Government’s money and meat:Men are more easily made than machinery—Stockings fetch better prices than lives—Gibbets on Sherwood will heighten the scenery,Showing how Commerce, how Liberty thrives!

  Justice is now in pursuit of the wretches,Grenadiers, Volunteers, Bon-street Police,Twenty-two Regiments, a score of Juck Ketches,Three of the Quorum and two of the Peace;Some Lords, to be sure, would have summoned the Judges,To take their opinion, but that they ne’er shall,For LIVERPOOL such a concession begrudges,So now they’re condemned by no Judges at all.

  Some folks for certain have thought it was shocking,When Famine appeals and when Poverty groans,That Life should be valued at less than a stocking,And breaking of frames lead to breaking of bones.If it should prove so, I trust, by this token,(And who will refuse to partake in the hope?)That the frames of the fools may be rst to be broken,Who, when asked for a remedy, sent down a rope.[1]“编织机法案”编制者颂[2]艾伯爵真高明!赖大人更精细!靠你们,准能够振兴英国;霍勃雷,哈罗贝,帮你们治理,[3]他们的医术是:先杀了再说。那一帮贱种,织工们,真犟,以“仁爱”为名,要什么救助——把他们吊死在工厂近旁,[4]就能够了结这一桩“错误”。

  那一帮无赖,也许会抢劫,像一群野狗,没啥东西吃——谁弄坏纱轴,便立地绞决,好节省政府的钱财和肉食。造人挺容易,机器可难得——人命不值钱,袜子可贵重——[5]舍伍德的绞架使山河生色,显示着商业和自由的兴隆!

  近卫团,志愿队,法院的法警,三名推事官,两位保安官,二十个绞刑手,二十二团官兵,把这些穷小子缉拿归案;有几位爵爷,想找审判员作一番咨询,可是办不到,[6]利物浦不肯给这种恩典,压根儿没审判,就通通干掉!

  人们一定会感到惊诧:在百姓啼饥号寒的时候,人命竟不值一双长袜?打烂机器的该打断骨头?我想:(谁不这么想?)如果当真是这样,有这种蠢汉——人家要救助,他却给绞索,那就先把他骨头打断!原诗抑抑扬格为主,兼用抑扬格和扬抑格,每行4音步(单数行行末多一个轻音节),译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗。[1] 1811年至1812年,英国一部分工人(主要是纺织工人)奋起反抗资本家企业主,其主要斗争方式是举行暴动,捣毁机器。在斗争中,工人们宣称自己的首领和“国王”是卢德,因此称为“卢德派”,运动称为“卢德运动”。当时暴动的中心是诺丁汉郡的袜子制造业地区,离纽斯台德不远。拜伦曾访问过那里的工人区,了解工人的悲惨景况。1812年春,英国政府出动军队,对暴动工人厉行镇压;同时,授意国会通过所谓“编织机法案”,规定凡破坏机器者一律处死。2月27日上议院讨论这一法案时,拜伦发表了一篇著名演说,为暴动工人辩护,尖锐抨击政府对工人的血腥镇压。但是,不顾拜伦的激烈反对,“编织机法案”仍然在国会通过。随后,执政党的报纸猛烈攻击拜伦。3月2日,拜伦便在《晨报》上发表了这首《“编织机法案”编制者颂》。

  [2] “艾伯爵”,指约翰司各特艾尔登伯爵(1751—1838),他在1801—1827年间任英国大法官兼上议院议长。“赖大人”,指理查赖德尔(1766—1832),他在1805年至1812年间任英国内政大臣。下文的霍勃雷和哈罗贝大约是他们的助手。

  [3] 在2月27日的国会演说中,拜伦也曾把英国执政当局称为“政治庸医”,把他们的政策称为“医术”。

  [4] 艾尔登曾宣称:诺丁汉郡的工人暴动起因于一种“错误”。

  [5] 舍伍德,诺丁汉郡的森林地区,卢德派工人组织武装暴动的“根据地”。

  [6] 利物浦伯爵,即罗伯特班克斯詹金森(1770—1828),他在1812年至1827年间任英国首相。Lines to a Lady WeepingWeep, daughter of a royal line,A Sire’s disgrace, a realm’s decay;Ah!happy if each tear of thineCould wash a father’s fault away!

  Weep—for thy tears are Virtue’s tears—Auspicious to these suffering isles;And be each drop in future yearsRepaid thee by thy people’s smiles![1]致一位哭泣的淑女为父王的耻辱,王国的衰颓,你尽情哭泣吧,皇家的公主!但愿你的每一滴泪水能洗掉父亲一桩错处。你的眼泪是“美德”的眼泪,将为这多难的岛国造福;人民将会在未来的年岁以笑颜回报你每一滴泪珠。原诗抑扬格,每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为abab,译诗依原诗。[1]“哭泣的淑女”,指奥古丝达夏洛蒂公主(1796—1817)。她的父亲乔治当时是英国的摄政王(1820年成为国王,称乔治四世),极端顽固,反对任何改革。夏洛蒂十几岁就积极参与政治活动,她的政治观点比较进步,支持辉格党,反对她父亲的反动措施。1812年春(当时她只有16岁),在一次与摄政王及其他要员的激烈争辩中,她曾因悲愤而哭泣。拜伦听说这件事后,写了这首诗。由于这首诗是针对当时英国的最高统治者的,所以它引起了伦敦反动当局的狂怒,对拜伦大举进行了挞伐,并为1816年他们对拜伦的凶狂围剿和迫害种下了前因。Windsor PoeticsLines Composed on the Occasion of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent being Seen standing between the Coffins of Henry Ⅷ and Charles Ⅰ in the Royal Vault at WindsorFamed for contemptuous breach of sacred ties,By headless Charles see heartless Henry lies;Between them stands another sceptred thing—It moves, it reigns — in all but name, a king:

  Charles to his people, Henry to his wife,—In him the double tyrant starts to life:Justice and death have mix’d their dust in vain,Each royal vampire wakes to life again.Ah, what can tombs avail!— since these disgorgeThe blood and dust of both — to mould a George.温莎的诗兴闻摄政王殿下在温莎谒陵时立于亨利八世与查理一世灵榇之间,有感而[1]作。1

  

查理没有头,旁边是亨利没有心——

蔑视和背弃誓约使他出了名;

中间站着个手持王杖的动物——[2]

会动,会统治——是国王,只少个名目。

  [3]

他呀,对人民像查理,对妻子像亨利,

他身上,一个双料暴君在崛起;

审判和死亡枉自把尸灰糅混,

两个皇家吸血鬼又起死还魂。

坟墓没奈何,把他们的骨血灰渣

吐出来,捏塑成一位乔治殿下。

原诗抑扬格为主,每行5音步,译诗每行5顿。原诗韵式为随韵,译诗依原诗。[1] 摄政王乔治,即后来的乔治四世(1762—1830),顽固恣肆的暴君和昏君。温莎在伦敦以西,是英国皇族陵墓所在地。1813年春,乔治曾往温莎谒陵。拜伦在这首诗中对他进行了猛烈鞭挞。亨利八世(1491—1547),肆无忌惮的暴君。先后立过6个王后,其中有两个被他杀死或判刑,两个被他离弃。诗中的“蔑视和背弃誓约”即指此。查理一世(1600—1649),著名的暴君。他的苛政迫使平民群起暴动,酿成内战。终于被国会判处死刑,1649年1月30日被斩首。所以诗中说他 “没有头”。

  [2] 拜伦作此诗时,乔治在名分上还是摄政王;1820年他父亲(又疯又瞎的乔治三世)死了,他才正式成为国王。

  [3] 乔治在家庭生活中也极其专横冷酷,与妻子卡罗琳的关系恶劣异常。所以说他“对妻子像亨利”。The Chain I GaveFrom the TurkishThe chain I gave was fair to view,The lute I added sweet in sound;The heart that offer’d both was true,And ill deserved the fate it found.

  These gifts were charm’d by secret spellThy truth in absence to divine;And they have done their duty well,—Alas!they could not teach thee thine.

  That chain was rm in every link,But not to bear a stranger’s touch;That lute was sweet—till thou could’st thinkIn other hands its notes were such.

  Let him, who from thy neck unboundThe chain which shiver’d in his grasp,Who saw that lute refuse to sound,Restring the chords, renew the clasp.

  When thou wert changed, they alter’d too;The chain is broke, the music mute.This past—to them and thee adieu—False heart, frail chain, and silent lute.我给你的项链译自土耳其文我给你的项链玲珑精致,[1]我赠你的诗琴悦耳动听;向你献礼的心儿也忠实,谁知碰上了倒霉的命星。

  这两件礼品有神奇法力,能占卜我走后你是否忠贞;它们的责任尽到了,——可惜没能教会你尽你的责任。

  项链挺结实,环环扣紧,但生人的抚弄它不能忍受;琴声也甜美——但你莫相信在别人手里它同样温柔。

  他摘你项链,项链就断折,他弹这诗琴,琴哑口无言;它们抗拒他,看来,他只得换新的链扣,上新的琴弦。

  既然你变了,它们也得变:项链碎裂,琴韵无声。罢了!和它们、和你再见——哑琴,脆链,欺诈的心灵!原诗抑扬格,每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为abab,译诗依原诗。[1]“诗琴”(lute),14世纪至17世纪在欧洲流行的一种类似吉他的弦乐器。也可以译为“琵琶”。She Walks in BeautyShe walks in beauty, like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies;And all that’s best of dark and brightMeet in her aspect and her eyes:Thus mellow’d to that tender lightWhich heaven to gaudy day denies.

  One shade the more, one ray the less,Had half impair’d the nameless graceWhich waves in every raven tress,Or softly lightens o’er her face;Where thoughts serenely sweet expressHow pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

  And on that cheek, and o’er that brow,So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,The smiles that win, the tints that glow,But tell of days in goodness spent,A mind at peace with all below,A heart whose love is innocent![1]她走来,风姿幽美她走来,风姿幽美,好像无云的夜空,繁星闪闪;明与暗的最美的形象交集于她的容颜和双眼,融成一片淡雅的清光——浓艳的白昼与此无缘。

  多一道阴影,少一缕光芒,都会有损于这无名之美:美在她绺绺黑发间荡漾,也在她颜面上洒布柔辉;愉悦的思想在那儿颂扬[2]这神圣寓所的纯洁高贵。

  安详,和婉,富于情态——在那脸颊上,在那眉宇间,[3]迷人的笑容,照人的光彩,显示温情伴送着芳年;显示她涵容一切的胸怀,她葆有真纯之爱的心田!原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababab,译诗依原诗。[1] 这首诗是咏威莫特霍顿夫人的。她当时服丧,黑色衣服上饰有很多闪亮的金箔,故诗中以“夜空”、“繁星闪闪”作比喻。

  [2] “思想”的“寓所”即心灵。

  [3] “安详,和婉,富于情态”是描写“迷人的笑容,照人的光彩”的,“在那脸颊上,在那眉宇间”只是标明“笑容”和“光彩”所在的位置。The Wild GazelleThe wild gazelle on Judah’s hillsExulting yet may bound,And drink from all the living rillsThat gush on holy ground;Its airy step and glorious eyeMay glance in tameless transport by:—A step as fleet, an eye more bright,Hath Judah witness’d there;And o’er her scenes of lost delightInhabitants more fair.The cedars wave on Lebanon,But Judah’s statelier maids are gone!More blest each palm that shades those plainsThan Israel’s scatter’d race;For, taking root, it there remainsIn solitary grace:

  It cannot quit its place of birth,It will not live in other earth.

  But we must wander witheringly,In other lands to die;And where our fathers’ ashes be,Our own may never lie:Our temple hath not left a stone,And Mockery sits on Salem’s throne[1]野羚羊[2]野羚羊还能在犹达山头欢快地跳跃不停,圣地到处有活泼溪流,任凭它随意啜饮;四蹄轻捷,两眼闪光,不驯,喜悦,巡视着故乡。

  同样快的脚步,更亮的眼睛,犹达也曾经见识;[3]在她那逝去的繁华旧境,居民够多么标致![4]黎巴嫩香柏依然在飘动,犹达的少女已无影无踪!

  [5]以色列儿孙云飞星散,怎及故乡的棕树!它虽然寂寞,却风致宛然,牢固植根于故土;

  它寸步不离生身的土壤,它岂肯浪迹于异域他乡!

  我们却必得辛苦漂泊,葬身于陌生的土地;列祖列宗长眠的故国,却不容我们安息;[6]圣殿夷平了,石头也不剩,[7]撒冷宝座上高踞着“侮弄”!原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每节6行,各行音步数为434344,译诗各行顿数与原诗音步数相同。原诗每节韵式为ababcc,译诗依原诗。[1] 这首诗,还有后面的《哭吧》、《在约旦河岸》、《我们在巴比伦的河边坐下来哭泣》等篇,都是取材于圣经,描写浪迹他乡的犹太人对故土的怀念。(公元前,犹太人聚居于巴勒斯坦并建立王国;1至2世纪为罗马所灭,人口外徙,散居在西亚、北非以至欧、美等地。)

  [2] 犹达,巴勒斯坦南部以耶路撒冷为中心的古代王国。该地后来称为犹太,是犹太教的发祥地,被犹太教徒(以及后来的基督教徒)尊奉为“圣地”。( 译者按:圣经中译本把地名Judah和人名Judas都译为“犹大”;现将地名Judah改译为“犹达”,以免混淆。)

  [3]“她”,指犹达。

  [4] 黎巴嫩香柏,屡见于《旧约》。

  [5]“以色列儿孙”,指犹太人。(从历史渊源来考察,“以色列人”与“犹太人”原有区别;后来逐渐混用。)

  [6] 据说,耶稣曾预言:耶路撒冷的圣殿将被夷平,一块石头也不剩。(见《新约》的《马太福音》、《马可福音》和《路加福音》。)该圣殿系用巨石构筑,始建于所罗门王在位时,其后又曾重修、重建。(见《旧约》的《列王纪》上篇、《历代志》下篇和《以斯拉记》。)

  [7] 撒冷,即耶路撒冷。Oh!Weep for ThoseOh!weep for those that wept by Babel’s stream,Whose shrines are desolate, whose land a dream:Weep for the harp of Judah’s broken shell;Mourn—where their God hath dwelt the godless dwell!

  And where shall Israel lave her bleeding feet?And when shall Zion’s songs again seem sweet?And Judah’s melody once more rejoiceThe hearts that leap’d before its heavenly voice?

  Tribes of the wandering foot and weary breast,How shall ye flee away and be at rest!The wild-dove hath her nest, the fox his cave,Mankind their country—Israel but the grave!哭吧[1]哭吧,为巴别河畔哀哭的流民:圣地荒凉,故国也空余梦境;哭吧,为了犹达断裂的琴弦;哭吧,渎神者住进了原来的神殿!

  以色列上哪儿洗净流血的双脚?[2]锡安山几时再奏起欢愉的曲调?犹达的歌声几时再悠扬缭绕,让颗颗心儿在这仙乐里狂跳?

  只有奔波的双足,疲惫的心灵,远离故土的民族哪会有安宁!斑鸠有它的窠巢,狐狸有洞窟,[3]人皆有祖国——以色列只有坟墓!原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行5音步,译诗每行5顿。原诗每节韵式为aabb(随韵),译诗依原诗(但译诗第2节ab同韵)。[1] 巴别,见于《旧约·创世记》第10—11章的地名。作为地域,巴别与巴比伦两个名称有时可以通用;作为城邑,巴别城与巴比伦城相距不远。“流民”,指被掳到巴比伦的犹太人。公元前586年,耶路撒冷被迦勒底王国攻陷,大批犹太人被掳到巴比伦。

  [2] 锡安山在耶路撒冷,据说是耶和华的圣山。

  [3]《新约·马太福音》第8章:“狐狸有洞,天空的飞鸟有窝,人子却没有枕头的地方。”On Jordan’s BanksOn Jordan’s banks the Arab’s camels stray,On Sion’s hill the False One’s votaries pray,The Baal-adorer bows on Sinai’s steep—Yet there—even there—Oh God!thy thunders sleep:

  There—where thy nger scorch’d the tablet stone!There—where thy shadow to thy people shone!Thy glory shrouded in its garb of re:Thyself—none living see and not expire!

  Oh!in the lightning let thy glance appear;Sweep from his shiver’d hand the oppressor’s spear:How long by tyrants shall thy land be trod!How long thy temple worshipless, Oh God![1]在约旦河岸在约旦河岸,阿拉伯骆驼队踯躅,在锡安山上,邪教徒向邪神祷祝,[2]在西奈悬崖,太阳神信徒顶礼——连那儿,上帝呵,你的雷霆也沉寂!

  [3]在那儿,你的手指灼焦过石版!在那儿,你的形影向子民显现!你的光辉,披裹着火焰的袍子,[4]你的真身,谁见了也难逃一死!

  哦,愿你的目光在雷电中闪耀!斩断压迫者血手,扫落他枪矛!你的土地——让暴君蹂躏多久?你的殿宇——荒废到什么时候?

原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行5音步,译诗每行5顿。原诗每节韵式为aabb,译诗依原诗。[1] 约旦河,巴勒斯坦的一道河流。

  [2] 西奈山,在西奈半岛南部。

  [3] 大约是指耶和华在石版上书写“十诫”的事。详见《旧约·出埃及记》第31—34章,《申命记》第9—10章。

  [4] 据《出埃及记》第19章,耶和华曾在火焰围裹之中,在摩西和众百姓的眼前,降临到西奈山上。耶和华叫摩西嘱咐百姓,不可向他(耶和华)注视,否则就难逃一死。My Soul is DarkMy soul is dark—Oh!quickly stringThe harp I yet can brook to hear;And let thy gentle fingers flingIts melting murmurs o’er mine ear.If in this heart a hope be dear,That sound shall charm it forth again;If in these eyes there lurk a tear,‘Twill flow, and cease to burn my brain

  But bid the strain be wild and deep,Nor let thy notes of joy be first:I tell thee, minstrel, I must weep,Or else this heavy heart will burst;For it hath been by sorrow nursed,And ached in sleepless silence long;And now ‘tis doom’d to know the worst,And break at once—or yield to song.我灵魂阴郁我灵魂阴郁——快调好琴弦,趁我还受得住聆听乐曲;用轻柔手指向我耳边弹弄出喁喁细诉的低语。只要这颗心还有所希图,乐音会再度将它诱导;只要这双眼还藏着泪珠,会流出,不再把脑髓煎熬。

  让琴曲旋律深沉而激越,欢快的调门请暂且躲开;乐师呵,让我哭泣吧,否则,沉重的心呵,会爆成碎块!它原是悲哀所哺育,后来长期在失眠中熬受痛楚;命运给了它最坏的安排:碎裂,——要么,被歌声收伏。原诗抑扬格,每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababbcbc,译诗依原诗(但有时是押相近的韵)。I Saw Thee WeepI saw thee weep—the big bright tearCame o’er that eye of blue;And then methought it did appearA violet dropping dew;I saw thee smile—the sapphire’s blazeBeside thee ceased to shine;It could not match the living raysThat fill’d that glance of thine.

  As clouds from yonder sun receiveA deep and mellow dye,Which scarce the shade of coming eveCan banish from the sky,Those smiles unto the moodiest mindTheir own pure joy impart;Their sunshine leaves a glow behindThat lightens o’er the heart.我见过你哭我见过你哭——炯炯的蓝眼滴出晶莹的珠泪,在我想象里幻成紫罗兰滴着澄洁的露水。我见过你笑——湛蓝的宝石光泽也黯然收敛,怎能匹敌你嫣然的瞥视那灵活闪动的光焰!

  有如夕阳给远处云层染就了绮丽霞彩,冉冉而来的暝色也不能把霞光逐出天外;你的笑颜让抑郁的心灵分享纯真的欢乐,这阳光留下了一道光明在心灵上空闪射。原诗抑扬格,单数行4音步,双数行3音步,译诗单数行4顿,双数行3顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗(但译诗第1节ad同韵)。Song of Saul before his Last BattleWarriors and chiefs!should the shaft or the swordPierce me in leading the host of the Lord,Heed not the corse, though a king’s, in your path:Bury your steel in the bosoms of Gath!

  Thou who art bearing my buckler and bow,Should the soldiers of Saul look away from the foe,Stretch me that moment in blood at thy feet!Mine be the doom which they dared not to meet.

  Farewell to others, but never we part,Heir to my royalty, son of my heart!Bright is the diadem, boundless the sway,Or kingly the death, which awaits us to-day![1]扫罗王最后一战的战前之歌武士们,首领们!当我在征战,敌人的刀剑若将我刺穿,休理会你们国王的尸首,[2]把锋刃埋进迦特人胸口!

  扫罗的士兵若畏敌怕死,持我雕弓圆盾的卫士!快把我砍倒,让赤血流淌:[3]他们惧怕的,由我去承当!与众人诀别,与你不离分:[4]心爱的儿子,王位的储君!王冠璀璨,王权无限;死也要尊严,就在今天!原诗抑扬格与抑抑扬格并用(偶有扬抑格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为aabb,译诗依原诗。[1] 扫罗是古以色列第一代国王。曾多次率兵征讨周围的敌国,每战必胜。最后在一次与非利士人的战斗中兵败身死。他的故事详见《旧约·撒母耳记》上篇,“最后一战”见该篇第31章。

  [2] 迦特是一座城邑,屡见于《撒母耳记》、《列王纪》和《历代志》。此处“迦特人”指非利士人。

  [3] 在“最后一战”中,扫罗中箭受伤后,命令替他持兵器的卫士将他刺死,卫士不从,扫罗遂自刎。

  [4] 指扫罗的长子约拿单。他与扫罗同一天战死。Saul‘Thou whose spell can raise the dead,Bid the prophet’s form appear.‘Samuel, raise thy buried head!King, behold the phantom seer!’

  Earth yawn’d; he stood the centre of a cloud:Light changed its hue, retiring from his shroud.Death stood all glassy in his fixed eye;His hand was wither’d, and his veins were dry;His foot, in bony whiteness, glitter’d there,Shrunken and sinewless, and ghastly bare;From lips that moved not and unbreathing frame,Like cavern’d winds, the hollow accents came.Saul saw, and fell to earth, as falls the oak,At once, and blasted by the thunder-stroke.

  ‘Why is my sleep disquieted?Who is he that calls the dead?Is it thou, O King? Behold,Bloodless are these limbs, and cold:Such are mine; and such shall beThine to-morrow, when with me:

  Ere the coming day is done,Such shalt thou be, such thy son.Fare thee well, but for a day,Then we mix our mouldering clay.Thou, thy race, lie pale and low,Pierced by shafts of many a bow;And the falchion by thy sideTo thy heart thy hand shall guide:Crownless, breathless, headless fall,Son and sire, the house of Saul!’[1]扫罗“你的咒语能召唤枯骨,叫那先知的亡魂现形!”“撒母耳,抬起墓里的头颅!国王呵,瞧这先知的幽灵!”

  地面裂开,一朵云将他托起;月光变色,离开了他的尸衣。眼神呆滞,“死亡”在眼中留驻;两手干瘪,一根根血管干枯;两脚赤裸,惨白像白骨一般,皱缩无肉,仿佛有微光闪闪;嘴唇不动,躯体也气息毫无,空穴来风,空洞的喉音吐出。扫罗一见,立即直挺挺倒地,有如橡树,被惊雷怒电轰击。

  “为何要惊扰老夫的安眠?是何人前来把亡灵召唤?是你吗,国王?请看我四肢:没一点血色,冷得像铁石。今天我如此,只需到明天你也会如此,来到我身边。

  下一个日子还不曾结束,你和你儿子就化为虚无。和你再见吧——只分别一天,然后你与我在一处朽烂。到明天,你和你族人僵卧,多少支利箭把肌肤刺破;你那把佩刀就在你身旁,[2]你的手用它刺你的心房;断送了王冠、头颅和呼吸,扫罗父子们,全家都倒毙!”原诗第1节(4行)和第3节(16行)每行扬抑格4音步(行末少一个轻音节),第2节(10行)每行抑扬格5音步,译诗各行顿数与原诗音步数相同。韵式,原诗第1节用交韵,第2节和第3节用随韵,译诗依原诗。[1] 据《撒母耳记》上篇第28章,扫罗在“最后一战”前夕,曾命女巫召请以色列先知撒母耳的亡灵。亡灵告诉他:翌日以色列人将战败,他和他的儿子们将战死。拜伦这首诗即咏此事。

  [2] 指扫罗在战场上自刎的事。已详前注。‘All is Vanity, Saith the Preacher’Fame, wisdom, love, and power were mine,And health and youth possess’d me;My goblets blush’d from every vine,And lovely forms caress’d me;I sunn’d my heart in beauty’s eyes,And felt my soul grow tender;All earth can give, or mortal prize,Was mine of regal splendour.

  I strive to number o’er what daysRemembrance can discover,Which all that life or earth displaysWould lure me to live over.There rose no day, there roll’d no hourOf pleasure unembitter’d;And not a trapping deck’d my powerThat gall’d not while it glitter’d.

  The serpent of the eld, by artAnd spells, is won from harming;

  But that which coils around the heart,Oh!who hath power of charming?It will not list to wisdom’s lore,Nor music’s voice can lure it;But there it stings for evermoreThe soul that must endure it.[1]“传道者说:凡事都是虚空”我有过荣名,才智,爱情,青春,健康,和精力;葡萄常使我酒杯泛红,有俏影相偎相倚;“美”曾像阳光,朗照我心房,我灵魂愈益温柔;享人间珍品,拥天下宝藏,[2]我曾像帝王般富有。

  如今我极力搜寻记忆,把往事一一清点,看此生有哪些珍奇经历吸引我重温一遍。没有哪一天,没有哪一时欢情不掺上苦味;也没有哪一件华美服饰不曾磨损而破碎。

  田野的毒蛇,术士有本领[3]防止它将人荼毒;然而,当蛇虫蟠曲在心灵,

  谁能够将它驯服?它不肯倾听理智的声音,也不受乐曲引诱;它无尽无休地啃咬着灵魂,灵魂却必得忍受!原诗抑扬格,单数行4音步,双数行3音步(行末多一个轻音节),译诗单数行4顿,双数行3顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗。[1]“传道者说:……凡事都是虚空。”此语见于《旧约传道书》第1章和第12章。

  [2] 这两行承上文而来,是说自己精神上、心灵上的富足,而不是夸耀物质财富。

  [3] 据说,术士的咒语能够震慑毒蛇,使之不能伤人。When Coldness Wraps this Suering ClayWhen coldness wraps this suffering clay,Ah!whither strays the immortal mind?It cannot die, it cannot stay,But leaves its darken’d dust behind.Then, unembodied, doth it traceBy steps each planet’s heavenly way?Or ll at once the realms of space,A thing of eyes, that all survey?

  Eternal, boundless, undecay’d,A thought unseen, but seeing all,All, all in earth, or skies display’d,Shall it survey, shall it recall:Each fainter trace that memory holdsSo darkly of departed years,In one broad glance the soul beholds,And all, that was, at once appears.

  Before Creation peopled earth,Its eye shall roll through chaos back;And where the furthest heaven had birth,The spirit trace its rising track.And where the future mars or makes,

  Its glance dilate o’er all to be,While sun is quench’d or system breaks,Fix’d in its own eternity.

  Above or Love, Hope, Hate, or Fear,It lives all passionless and pure:An age shall fleet like earthly year;Its years as moments shall endure.Away, away, without a wing,O’er all, through all, its thought shall fly;A nameless and eternal thing,Forgetting what it was to die.当这副受苦的皮囊冷却当这副受苦的皮囊冷却,那不灭的精魂漂泊何处?它不会消殒,它不会停歇,[1]走了,撇下这晦暗尘土。无影无形,它是否追蹑座座行星在天宇的途程?是否列入了寥廓上界——那儿有无数俯瞰的眼睛?

  永恒、无限、不朽的思想——无人能见它,它察见一切;大地高空的森罗万象都听它召唤,都受它检阅。往昔岁月的朦胧旧事,记忆里不过淡淡留痕,只要精魂纵目一扫视,历历前尘就毕露纷呈。

  这精魂回眸细察原先人类诞生之前的混沌;这精魂探访最远一重天,追溯它出世升空的途径。“未来”致力于建造或摧毁,

  这精魂睁眼审视来日;当太阳熄灭,星系崩颓,它自有千秋,永不消逝。

  超越于爱和恨,希望和忧虑,它漠然无感,纯净澄洁;世代像尘寰的年月般逝去,年月就像分秒般飞掠。它无翼的思想高翔天外,俯临一切,又经历一切;一种无名的、永恒的存在:何物死亡!早浑然忘却。原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗(但原诗第1节ad同韵,译诗第1节ac同韵,第4节bd同韵)。[1] “尘土”,指皮囊、躯壳。参看《悼玛格丽特表姐》注释。Vision of BelshazzarThe King was on his throne,The Satraps throng’d the hall;A thousand bright lamps shoneO’er that high festival.A thousand cups of gold,In Judah deem’d divine—Jehovah’s vessels holdThe godless Heathen’s wine.

  In that same hour and hall,The ngers of a handCame forth against the wall,And wrote as if on sand:The ngers of a man;—A solitary handAlong the letters ran,And traced them like a wand.

  The monarch saw, and shook,And bade no more rejoice;All bloodless wax’d his look,And tremulous his voice.‘Let the men of lore appear,The wisest of the earth,And expound the words of fear,Which mar our royal mirth.’

  Chaldea’s seers are good,But here they have no skill;And the unknown letters stoodUntold and awful still.And Babel’s men of ageAre wise and deep in lore;But now they were not sage,They saw—but knew no moreA captive in the land,A stranger and a youth,He heard the king’s command,He saw that writing’s truth.The lamps around were bright,The prophecy in view;He read it on that night, —The morrow proved it true.

  ‘Belshazzar’s grave is made,His kingdom pass’d away,He, in the balance weigh’d,Is light and worthless clay.

  The shroud, his robe of state,His canopy the stone;The Mede is at his gate!The Persian on his throne!’[1]伯沙撒所见异象国王高踞于王位,大吏们济济一堂;宫廷里良宵盛会,一千盏华灯齐放。犹达的神圣珍品——一千盏金质酒盅——耶和华歆享的器皿,渎神的邪教徒享用!

  这时,忽然有手指显现在这座厅堂,在那粉墙上写字,仿佛是写在沙上。分明是人的指头在那字迹上移动,那独一无二的巨手像一根魔杖在推送。

  那国王见了害怕,忙吩咐立即罢宴;

  脸色苍白像白蜡,说话声音也发颤:“传那些饱学之士,无敌的智囊前来,诠释这可怖的文字——它把我豪兴败坏。”

  迦勒底卜人善算,对此却无计可施;陌生的字迹仍然可畏而无人能识。巴别的高龄学者聪慧而学识深奥;原来也并非圣哲,对此都瞠目不晓。

  境内有一个俘虏,是来自异邦的青年,他听到国王的吩咐,看到那真确的预言。那华灯辉映四周,那预言赫然在目;当夜他解答如流,次日便证明无误。

  “迦勒底国祚已告终;伯沙撒坟墓已掘好;他放在天平上一称:像泥土,微不足道。

  尸衣是他的华衮,他的华盖是墓碑;玛代人进入他宫门,波斯人登上他王位!”原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行3音步,译诗每行3顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcdcd,译诗依原诗。[1] 伯沙撒是公元前6世纪迦勒底王国(新巴比伦王国)的末代国王。据《旧约但以理书》第5章,伯沙撒和他的一千大臣欢宴,饮酒器皿是从耶路撒冷的耶和华圣殿中掠夺来的。饮宴间,忽然有人的手指显现,在与灯台相对的粉墙上写字。伯沙撒大惊,召来所有的哲士,但他们都看不懂那文字。只有掳来的犹达青年但以理能够看懂,他告诉伯沙撒,那文字乃上帝耶和华所写,意思是:迦勒底国祚已告终;国土将分别归属玛代人和波斯人,伯沙撒将被天平称过,证明他不具备为王的资格。就在当天夜晚,巴比伦果然被玛代人袭取,伯沙撒被杀。(玛代是西亚的古国,在亚述以东,巴比伦以北,即今伊朗西北部。)Herod’s Lament for MariamneOh, Mariamne!now for theeThe heart for which thou bled’st is bleeding;Revenge is lost in agony,And wild remorse to rage succeeding.Oh, Mariamne!where art thou?Thou canst not hear my bitter pleading:Ah!couldst thou—thou wouldst pardon now,Though Heaven were to my prayer unheeding.

  And is she dead? —and did they dareObey my frenzy’s jealous raving?My wrath but doom’d my own despair:The sword that smote her’s o’er me waving.—But thou art cold, my murder’d love!And this dark heart is vainly cravingFor her who soars alone above,And leaves my soul unworthy saving.

  She’s gone, who shared my diadem;She sunk, with her my joys entombing;I swept that flower from Judah’s stemWhose leaves for me alone were blooming;And mine’s the guilt, and mine the hell,This bosom’s desolation dooming;And I have earn’d those tortures well,Which unconsumed are still consuming![1]希律王哭马利安妮马利安妮呵!为了你,如今害你流血的这颗心在流血;报复心化为极度的悲辛,狂怒的苦果是悔恨不迭。马利安妮呵!你前往何方?你已听不到我痛心的辩解;我徒劳的祈祷打不动上苍,只求你饶恕我可怕的罪孽!

  她竟死了么?——他们竟敢于遵从我妒火中烧的乱命?这暴行注定了我绝望的结局:杀她的利剑挥向我头顶!你已经僵冷,被害的爱妻!这阴晦心灵空向她恳请:她独自远飏,她断然舍弃我这不堪拯救的魂灵!

  同享王权的王后已亡化,我的欢情也葬入墓穴;只向我盛放的犹达名花已经在我摧残下凋谢;罪名我难免,地狱我难逃,孤苦情怀更永难消解;这苦刑便是对我的回报:[2]它总是不灭,又总是毁灭!原诗抑扬格(偶有抑抑扬格),每行4音步(双数行行末多一个轻音节),译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为ababcbcb,译诗依原诗。[1] 希律(前74—前4),犹太王,出名的暴君,因怀疑王后马利安妮不贞而将她杀死。据《新约马太福音》第2章记载,他曾杀尽伯利恒城两岁以下的男孩。拜伦在这首诗中指出:暴君的杀人利剑最终会落到暴君自己头上。

  [2]“不灭”是说苦刑本身不会消灭,“毁灭”是说苦刑不断对受刑者进行摧残和毁灭。By the Rivers of Babylon We Sat Down and WeptWe sat down and wept by the watersOf Babel, and thought of the dayWhen our foe, in the hue of his slaughters,Made Salem’s high places his prey;And ye, oh her desolate daughters!Were scatter’d all weeping away.While sadly we gazed on the riverWhich roll’d on in freedom below,They demanded the song; but, oh neverThat triumph the stranger shall know!May this right hand be wither’d for ever,Ere it string our high harp for the foe!On the willow that harp is suspended,Oh Salem!its sound should be free;And the hour when thy glories were endedBut left me that token of thee:And ne’er shall its soft tones be blendedWith the voice of the spoiler by me![1]我们在巴比伦的河边坐下来哭泣我们在巴别的河滨坐下来哭泣,想那天狂呼乱砍的敌人焚掠了撒冷的神山;她孤苦无依的儿女们哀哭着向四方逃散。

  看河水自由流淌,我们止不住伤悲;叫我们唱歌,——休想!岂肯让异族扬威!要我为敌人弹唱,情愿我右手枯萎!

  柳树上挂起我的琴,它只奏自由之歌;撒冷的荣耀已沉沦,只留下这张琴给我;决不能让它的清音同贼寇叫嚣声混合!原诗抑抑扬格为主,每行3音步(单数行行末多一个轻音节),译诗每行3顿。原诗每节韵式为ababab,译诗依原诗。[1] 《旧约诗篇》第137篇:“我们曾在巴比伦的河边坐下,一追想锡安就哭了。我们把琴挂在那里的柳树上。因为在那里掳掠我们的,要我们唱歌,抢夺我们的,要我们作乐,说:给我们唱一首锡安歌吧。我们怎能在外邦唱耶和华的歌呢?耶路撒冷呵!我若忘记你,情愿我的右手枯萎!……”参看《哭吧》注释。The Destruction of SennacheribThe Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold,And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold;And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea,When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee.

  Like the leaves of the forest when Summer is green,That host with their banners at sunset were seen:Like the leaves of the forest when Autumn hath blown,That host on the morrow lay wither’d and strown.For the Angel of Death spread his wings on the blast,And breathed in the face of the foe as he pass’d;And the eyes of the sleepers wax’d deadly and chill,And their hearts but once heaved, and for ever grew still!

  And there lay the steed with his nostril all wide,But through it there roll’d not the breath of his pride:And the foam of his gasping lay white on the turf,And cold as the spray of the rock-beating surf.

  And there lay the rider distorted and pale,With the dew on his brow, and the rust on his mail;

  And the tents were all silent, the banners alone,The lances unlifted, the trumpet unblown.

  And the widows of Ashur are loud in their wail,And the idols are broke in the temple of Baal;And the might of the Gentile, unsmote by the sword,Hath melted like snow in the glance of the Lord![1]西拿基立的覆灭亚述人来了,像狼扑群羊,盔甲迸射着紫焰金光;枪矛闪烁,似点点银星[2]俯照着加利利波光浪影。

  日落时,到处是人马旌旗,像夏日茂林,绿叶繁密;天一亮,却只见尸横遍野,像秋风扫落的满林枯叶。

  天使展翅,把阵阵阴风吹向来犯之敌的面孔;沉睡的眼睛便冷却、呆滞,心房猛一跳,便永远静止!

  战马倒地,张开的鼻孔里再也喷不出得意的鼻息;吐出的白沫还留在地下,冷得像扑打岩石的浪花。惨白,拘挛,躺着那骑士,眉头凝露,铁甲锈蚀;

  营帐悄然,残旗犹在,枪矛不举,号声不再!

  亚述的遗孀嚎啕挥泪,[3]太阳神庙宇里金身破碎;何需用刀剑,上帝只一瞥,异教徒威风便消融似雪!原诗抑抑扬格为主,兼用抑扬格,每行4音步,译诗每行4顿。原诗每节韵式为aabb,译诗依原诗。[1] 西拿基立是亚述国王。据说,当他率领军队准备攻取耶路撒冷之时,因他毁谤了耶和华,耶和华便派天使到亚述营中,把将帅、官长、勇士尽皆诛灭。西拿基立回到亚述,为其子所弑。见《旧约·列王纪》下篇第19章、《历代志》下篇第32章、《以赛亚书》第37章。

  [2] 加利利海,巴勒斯坦北部的湖泊。原诗第3行的sea就是指第4行的Galilee。

  [3] 亚述人信奉太阳神,被犹太教徒视为异教。Stanzas to AugustaWhen all around grew drear and dark,And reason half withheld her ray—And hope but shed a dying sparkWhich more misled my lonely way;

  In that deep midnight of the mind,And that internal strife of heart,When dreading to be deem’d too kind,The weak despair—the cold depart;

  When fortune changed—and love fled far,And hatred’s shafts flew thick and fast,Thou wert the solitary starWhich rose and set not to the last.

  Oh!blest be thine unbroken light!That watch’d me as a seraph’s eye,

  And stood between me and the night,For ever shining sweetly nigh.

  And when the cloud upon us came,Which strove to blacken o’er thy ray—Then purer spread its gentle flame,And dash’d the darkness all away.

  Still may thy spirit dwell on mine,And teach it what to brave or brook—There’s more in one soft word of thineThan in the world’s defied rebuke.

  Thou stood’st as stands a lovely tree,That still unbroke, though gently bent,Still waves with fond fidelityIts bough above a monument.

  The winds might rend—the skies might pour,But there thou wert—and still would’st beDevoted in the stormiest hourTo shed thy weeping leaves o’er me.

  But thou and thine shall know no blight,Whatever fate on me may fall;For heaven in sunshine will requite

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