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四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、词语翻译
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese: (15ps)
1．deoxyribonucleic acid【答案】脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）
2．force majeure【答案】不可抗力
3．carbon dioxide【答案】二氧化碳
4．magic realism【答案】魔幻现实主义
5．OED【答案】军械工程处（Ordnance Engineering Division）
6．the APEC CEO Summit【答案】亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会
7．UNFCCC【答案】联合国气候变化框架公约（The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）
8．On the Origin of Species【答案】《物种起源》
9．multipolarity【答案】多极化
10．ecocriticism【答案】生态批评
11．thriller film【答案】惊悚片
12．FOB【答案】离岸价格（free on board）
13．optimize economic structure【答案】优化经济结构
14．overall revitalization【答案】全面振兴
15．Silicon Valley【答案】硅谷
II. Translate the following terms into English (15ps)
1．白条【答案】blank note
2．共赢【答案】win-win
3．硕士点【答案】master degree program
4．钉子户【答案】nail household
5．次贷危机【答案】subprime crisis
6．金砖四国【答案】BRIC（Brazil Russia India China）
7．亲子鉴定【答案】paternity testing
8．打黑除恶【答案】crime crackdown
9．整顿小煤矿【答案】rectify small coal-mines
10．中国大陆【答案】mainland China
11．教师休息室【答案】Teachers’ lounge
12．混合动力汽车【答案】hybrid electric vehicle
13．四项基本原则【答案】four fundamental principles
14．发展是硬道理【答案】development is of overriding importance
15．社会主义和谐社会【答案】harmonious socialist society
二、外汉互译
III. Translate the underlined part into Chinese.
Man was the last to come but the first to use his brain for the purpose of conquering the forces of nature. That is the reason why we are going to study him, rather than cats or dogs or horses of other animals, who, all in their own way, have a very interesting historical development behind them.
In the beginning, the planet upon which we live was (as far as we now know) a large ball of flaming matter, a tiny cloud of smoke in the endless ocean of space. Gradually, in the course of millions of years, the surface burned itself out, and was covered with a thin layer of rocks .Upon these lifeless rocks the rain descended in endless torrents, wearing out the hard granite and carrying the dust to the valleys that lay hidden between the high cliffs of the steaming earth. Finally, the hour came when the sun broke through the clouds and saw how this little planet was covered with a few small puddles which were to develop into the mighty oceans of the eastern and western hemisphere.
Then one day the great wonder happened. What had been dead gave birth to life .The fires living cell floated upon the waters of the sea. For millions of years it drifted aimlessly with the currents. But during all that time it was developing certain habits that it might survive more easily upon the inhospitable earth. Some of these cells were happiest in the dark depth of the lakes and the pools .They took root in the slimy sediments which had been carried down from the tops of the hills and they became plants. Others preferred to move about and they grew strange jointed legs, like scorpions and began to crawl along the bottom of the sea amidst the plants and the pale green things that looked like jelly-fishes. Still others (covered with scales) depended upon a swimming motion to go from place to place in their search for food, and gradually they populated the ocean with myriads of fishes.
Meanwhile the plants had increased in number and they had to search for new dwelling places. There was no more room for them at the random of the sea. Reluctantly they left the water and made a new home in the marshes and on the mud-banks that lay at the foot of the mountains. Twice a day the tides of the ocean covered them with their brine. For the rest of the time, the plants made the best of their uncomfortable situation and tried to survive in the thin air which surrounded the surface of the planet. After centuries of training, they learned how to live as comfortably in the air as they had done in the water .They increased in size and became shrubs and trees and at last they learned how to grow lovely flowers which attracted the attention of the busy big humble-bees and the birds who carried the seeds far and wide until the whole earth had become covered with green pastures, or lay dark under the shadow of the big trees. But some of the fishes too had begun to leave the sea, and they had learned how to breathe with lungs as well as with gills. We call such creatures amphibious, which means that they are able to live with equal ease on the land and in the water. The first frog who crosses your path can tell you about the pleasures of the double existence of the amphibian.【参考译文】
起初，我们生活的星球（就我们现有认知程度看来）是一颗巨大的火球，是无垠空间中一团微不足道的云雾。在几百万年间，地球表面渐渐燃尽，覆盖上了一层薄薄的岩层。雨水的激流不停地冲刷这些无生命的岩石，磨损了坚硬的花岗岩，将尘埃带进热气蒸腾的峭壁之间。最后的时刻终于来临，太阳穿透云层，眼看这颗小星球上的若干水坑如何发展成东西半球的大洋。
然后有一天，伟大的奇迹出现了，死气沉沉的地方开始出现生命。最初的活细胞漂浮在海面上。几百万年间，它漫无目的地随波逐流。但它在此期间形成了一些习性，让它在荒凉的大地上更易于生存。一些细胞喜欢呆在湖泊和水池黑暗的深处。它们在从山顶滑落的粘稠沉积物中扎根，并演变成植物。另一些细胞喜欢四处移动。它们长出像蝎子一样的奇怪节肢，在海底植物和像水母一样的淡绿色物体之间爬行。还有一些（覆有鳞片的）细胞从一处游到另一处寻觅食物，渐渐进化为海洋中随处可见的鱼类。
与此同时，植物的数量增加了，它们不得不寻找新住所。海底已经没有多余的地方留给它们了。它们极不情愿地离开海水，在沼泽和山脚的泥滩中建造了新居。每天两次的潮汐为它们提供盐水。剩下的时间里，这些植物努力适应不舒服的新环境，试着在地球表面稀薄的空气里生存下去。经过几个世纪的训练，他们学会 了如何在空气里舒适地生活，就像曾经在水中生活一样。它们体型变大，演化成灌木和乔木。最终，它们学会了如何长出可爱的花朵，吸引繁忙的大黄蜂和鸟类，让它们把种子带往辽阔的远方，直至绿色的草原和大树的浓荫遍布整个地球。
IV. 将下面二段中文准确、得体地译成汉语。（60分）
集藏者，集而藏之者也。集与藏并不是相同的概念。集在先，藏在后。集，重在数量之繁复；藏，贵在时间之恒久。两者既相互又联结，又相互渗透，形成了一种文化形态。古今中外都有集藏活动，他随着时代的推进而逐步走向丰富多彩，引人入胜。这正反映了文明进步与社会多层次文化发展的一个侧面。
一个胜任的翻译家应该同时从事些研究工作，对所译作者的生平及思想应有一定的了解。我倾向把翻译家分为两类。一是即兴的（或打游击式的）翻译家，另一类是阵地翻译家，他们往往以毕生精力系统地翻译一两位外国作家的著作，如翻译潘家洵至于易卜生，傅雷之于巴尔扎克以及汝龙之于契诃夫。这类翻译家往往在翻译之余，也从事研究工作。【参考译文】
Collecting-keeping means collecting something and then keep it. Collecting and keeping are not the same conception. Collecting comes before keeping. Speaking of collecting, the most important thing is quantity; of keeping, long-lasting. They are relatively independent and meanwhile infiltrated with each other. As a result, they formed a new cultural pattern. There are all sorts of collecting-keeping activities at all times and in all countries, which are getting more and more colorful and absorbing with time goes by. It reflects one aspect of the progress of human civilization and the multi-level social and cultural development.
A competent translator should do some research while translating, he should know something of the life and thought of the author. I’d like to divide translator into two categories: one is impromptu or guerrilla style translator, the other is “position” translator. The latter often tends to have life-long effort to systematically translate the works of one or two foreign authors, such as Pan Jiaxun to Ibsen, Fu Lei to Balzac and Ru Long to Chekov. Besides translating, this kind of translators often does research.
2011年四川外国语大学翻译学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
I. Translate the following terms into Chinese: (15ps)
1．Diesel oil【答案】柴油
2．border fence【答案】边境围栏
3．odd number【答案】奇数
4．lyrical poem【答案】抒情诗
5．cognitive psychology【答案】认知心理学
6．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织
7．WTO【答案】世界贸易组织
8．A Midsummer Night’s Dream【答案】仲夏夜之梦
9．Trade show【答案】展销会
10．environmental justice【答案】环境正义
11．inverse translation【答案】逆向翻译
12．CIF【答案】到岸价格
13．Black Europe【答案】黑欧洲
14．symphony orchestra【答案】交响乐团
15．Armistice Day【答案】停战日
II. Translate the following terms into English: (15ps)
1．东盟【答案】ASEAN
2．残奥会【答案】The Paralympic Games
3．廉租房【答案】Low-rent Houses
4．钓鱼岛【答案】Diaoyu Island
5．公务用车【答案】government car
6．不可抗力【答案】Act of God
7．论文答辩【答案】(thesis) oral defense
8．再生能源【答案】renewable sources of energy
9．人均排放【答案】Per capita emissions
10．实体经济【答案】the real economy
11．第三产业【答案】tertiary industry
12．包容性增长【答案】inclusive growth
13．野生动物园【答案】safari park
14．(世博会之)展馆【答案】Exhibition hall
15．《与台湾关系法》(美国)【答案】Taiwan Relations Act
III. Translate the underlined part into Chinese: (60ps)
And then we have Major Weir; for although even his house is now demolished, old Edinburgh cannot clear herself of his unholy memory. He and his sister lived together in an odour of sour piety. She was a marvelous spinster; he had a rare gift of supplication, and was known among devout admirers by the name of Angelical Thomas. He was a tall, black man, and ordinarily looked down to the ground; a grim countenance, and a big nose. His garb was still a cloak, and somewhat dark, and he never went without his staff. How it came about that Angelical Thomas was burned in company with his staff, and his sister in gentler manner hanged, and whether these two were simply religious maniacs of the more furious order, or had real as well as imaginary sins upon their old-world shoulders, are points happily beyond the reach of our intention. At least, it is suitable enough that out of this superstitious city some such example should have been put forth: the outcome and line flower of dark and vehement religion. And at least the facts struck the public fancy and brought forth a remarkable family of myths. It would appear that the Major’s staff went upon his errands, and even ran before him with a lantern on dark nights. Gigantic females, ‘stentoriously laughing and gaping with tehees of laughter’ at unseasonable hours of night and morning, haunted the purlieus of his abode. His house fell under such a load of infamy that no one dared to sleep in it, until municipal improvement leveled the structure to the ground. And my father has often been told in the nursery how the devil’s coach, drawn by six coal-black horses with fiery eyes, would drive at night into the West Bow, and belated people might see the dead Major through the glasses.
Another legend is that of the two maiden sisters. A legend I am afraid it may be, in the most discreditable meaning of the term; or perhaps something worse—a mere yesterday’s fiction. But it is a story of some vitality, and is worthy of a place in the Edinburgh calendar. This pair inhabited a single room; from the facts, it must have been double-bedded; and it may have been of some dimensions: but when all is said, it was a single room. Here our two spinsters fell out—on some point of controversial divinity belike (也许): but fell out so bitterly that there was never a word spoken between them black or white from that day forward, foil would have thought they would separate: but no; whether from lack of means, or the Scottish fear of scandal, they continued to keep house together where they were. A chalk line drawn upon the floor separated their two domains; it bisected (切成两部分) the doorway and the fireplace, so that each could go out and in, and do her cooking, without violating the territory of the other. So, for years, they coexisted in a hateful silence; their meals, their ablutions, their friendly visitors, exposed to an unfriendly scrutiny; and at night, in the dark watches, each could hear the breathing of her enemy. Never did four walls look down upon an uglier spectacle than these sisters rivaling in unsisterliness. Here is a canvas for Hawthorne to have turned into a cabinet picture—he had a Puritanic vein. which would
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