作者：张红岩
出版社：浙江教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
10天搞定托福写作试读：
目录
CONTENTS前言 preface
如何使用本书 how to use this book
DAY 1 托福写作：考试概览与自我评价 TOEFL Writing: Know the Test and Know Yourself
1.1 考试流程及细节
1.1.1 明确自己的水平
1.1.2 TOEFL iBT®考试内容
1.1.3 综合写作
1.1.4 独立写作
1.2 评分标准
1.2.1 标准详解
1.2.2 案例与分析
1.3 自测题
1.3.1 自主模拟写作题目
1.3.2 自主模拟写作说明
1.3.3 自主批改的checklist
1.4 常见备考问题精选
DAY 2 综合写作：阅读与听力 Integrated Writing: Reading and Listening
2.1 阅读题材与策略
2.1.1 阅读题材有哪些
2.1.2 阅读策略
2.2 经典句式与长难句解析
2.2.1 倒装句型
2.2.2 定语从句
2.2.3 同位语从句
2.2.4 特殊结构
2.3 提炼内容三步走
2.3.1 笔记策略
2.3.2 结构记心中
2.3.3 笔记结构相结合
2.4 笔记练习
2.4.1 有辅助的练习
2.4.2 模拟实战练习
2.5 综合写作听力策略
2.5.1 听力与阅读的关系
2.5.2 听力解决方案
2.6 速记方法
2.7 笔记练习
2.7.1 有辅助的练习
2.7.2 模拟实战练习
DAY 3 综合写作：同义转述与摘要 Integrated Writing: Paraphrase and Summary
3.1 Paraphrase的重要性
3.2 Paraphrase的方法
3.2.1 使用近义词和同义词（组）
3.2.2 改变单词或者句子顺序
3.2.3 使用不同的语法结构
3.3 Paraphrase实战与参考答案
3.4 Summary的重要性及写作框架
3.4.1 起始段
3.4.2 主体段
3.4.3 结尾段
3.4.4 框架性词汇积累
3.5 Summary实战
DAY 4 综合写作：重点学科专项训练（上） Special Training for Key Topics in Integrated Writing (Part 1)
4.1 综合写作（生物类）
4.1.1 练习与修改
4.1.2 背景知识强化
4.2 综合写作（社会与文化类）
4.2.1 练习与修改
4.2.2 背景知识强化
DAY 5 综合写作：重点学科专项训练（下） Special Training for Key Topics in Integrated Writing(Part 2)
5.1 综合写作（历史与考古类）
5.1.1 练习与修改
5.1.2 背景知识强化
5.2 综合写作（环境与科技类）
5.2.1 练习与修改
5.2.2 背景知识强化
DAY 6 独立写作：考前准备与审题立意 Independent Writing: Pre-test Preparation and Analysis
6.1 主要题型与常见话题分析
6.1.1 主要题型
6.1.2 常见话题
6.2 文章段落结构
6.2.1 经典五段式
6.2.2 特殊段落形式
6.3 经典句套
6.3.1 句套总结
6.3.2 强化练习
6.4 写作提纲和立场
6.5 论据的锤炼
6.5.1 规避五类陷阱
6.5.2 二十条“万能论据”
6.5.3 论据的顺序安排
6.5.4 练习
DAY 7 独立写作：写作过程与行文规范 Independent Writing: Writing Process and Rules
7.1 正文写作
7.1.1 首段写作的五种方法
7.1.2 中间段落的重要环节
7.1.3 末段写作的三种方法
7.2 行文规范阶段
7.2.1 文体要正式
7.2.2 句式要多样
7.2.3 修辞要使用
7.2.4 写作要迅速
7.2.5 人称善使用
7.2.6 避免歧视性用语
7.3 检查阶段
7.3.1 检查任务是否完成
7.3.2 改正拼写错误
7.3.3 改正语法错误
7.3.4 选词纠正
DAY 8 独立写作：重点题材专项训练（上） Special Training for Key Topics in Independent Writing (Part 1)
8.1 Lifestyle和Attitudes
8.1.1 经典题目与观点
8.1.2 范文赏析
8.1.3 素材积累与语言扩充
8.2 Education和Parenting
8.2.1 经典题目与观点
8.2.2 范文赏析
8.2.3 素材积累与语言扩充
DAY 9 独立写作：重点题材专项训练（下） Special Training for Key Topics in Independent Writing (Part 2)
9.1 Technology和 Media
9.1.1 经典题目与观点
9.1.2 范文赏析
9.1.3 素材积累与语言扩充
9.2 Global and Social Issues和Culture
9.2.1 经典题目与观点
9.2.2 范文赏析
9.2.3 素材积累与语言扩充
DAY 10 托福写作：语法再夯实 Grammatical Skills Reinforced
10.1 主动规避易错语法
10.1.1 时态错误
10.1.2 主谓不一致
10.1.3 语态错误
10.1.4 成分残缺
10.1.5 动名词
10.1.6 不定代词
10.1.7 现在分词
10.2 积极使用高级语法
10.2.1 悬垂修饰语
10.2.2 词性使用
10.2.3 介词
附录一 常见易拼错词汇表
附录二 适合引用的名言警句
前言preface本书的第一版诞生于新东方初创时代的黄金时期，今日的全新再版则处在英语教育与大数据技术结合的高峰时期，两版书的内容和指导思路也分别与两个阶段的特性相符。相对本书而言，作者本人也从当年被誉为“青春热血、幽默诙谐”的“新东方第一帅哥”（俞敏洪老师戏称），转而回到了北大校园，将新技术与英语教育结合，成为了“有内涵的大叔”。如果你想知道这本书能带给你什么，只需看看下面三个时间点发生的故事就明白了。
1997年6月在俞老师“有专业素养的帅哥老师肯定是值得培养的！”这条原则指导下，我接替了去英国访问的胡敏老师，主讲新东方初创期所有的托福阅读和写作课程。在那个年代，托福写作只被分配了约十个小时的总课时，我要探索如何带领大批考生尽快突破写作关。因为当时每个班的规模为800到1200人，很快我公布给学生的个人邮箱就收到了数以千计的学生习作，这几乎是所有英语老师的噩梦。而当年精力超级旺盛、大学时以“十项全能”著称的我，却憋了口气，一个猛子扎入到了这些看似纷繁复杂的大数据样本中，总结了学生们从刚接触托福写作到正式参加考试这个完整备考期之内所经历的主要问题，并结合这阶段积累的经验，在2004年出版了《十天搞定TOEFL作文》一书，于书中对这些问题一一予以了解决。这本书成为那个时代的简约派经典，直到今天我总结的内容诸如“十四条万能理由”，还常被匿名引用并拓展。后来此版被不断修订以适应新托福，但并未涉及综合写作部分。直到今天，在作者对ETS（美国教育考试服务中心）的考试有了更深刻的认识，并且经过最近五年业界积累的对托福写作充分认知的基础上，才有了今天本书的全新改版。这本书覆盖了托福写作的方方面面。
2009年10月，经过全国范围的遴选，我作为中国区的唯一专家，参加了ETS一项新考试标准制定会议。这场为期三天的闭门讨论会议，让我不但与当年不曾谋面的对手有了近距离接触，而且亲历了一项新的考试标准在定性和定量分析中出炉的全部过程。这让我对于ETS考试的规范性、科学性以及规律性有了更加深刻的认识，使我今天对托福的研究工作更有“他信”。
2013年9月起，我开始在北京大学软件与微电子学院任教。在这个交叉学科前沿的阵地，我热爱的英语教育事业和大数据、人工智能、机器翻译进行了“亲密的接触”，并碰撞出“理性的火花”。2017年至2018年，我带领我的计算机辅助翻译专业的研究生们再次对托福写作进行了全面深入的研究。这一版的研究成果全面覆盖了托福写作中的需求。我们在研究中借鉴了这些年在新东方和北大积累的学生数据。再版题目仍以“十天”为主题，主要是针对小伙伴们不断蔓延的拖延情绪，希望以此强化问题的紧迫程度。当然如果你愿意用二十天或更多的时间我也绝不反对，你需要做到在有效备考期中给予写作足够的重视。
在本书的编写过程中，北京大学软件与微电子学院2016级计算机辅助翻译专业的研究生钱康、缪浩协助我进行了数据收集分析和部分章节的内容编辑，北大软微学院2012级研究生尹玉珺女士协助我做了项目管理和审校，在此特别表示感谢！
与本书内容相关的微课正在制作当中，请大家关注红岩英语公众号来获得更多有益信息。张红岩于北京大学“红岩英语”微信公众号如何使用本书how to use this book
从新东方到北大，从本科生到博士生，只要上过我的英语课的学生我都会敦促他们采用3天、7天和10天的时间概念来安排学习进度。尽管这种方法对极个别长期习惯拖延的学生见效不大，但对于绝大多数学生来说，这给了他们足够理由说服自己产生合理的紧迫感。这背后的逻辑如下：
如果一件认知性的事情，当你认真投入3天时间，你应该能够对此事产生一个清晰的认识，对这个问题的复杂程度、能否胜任、需要继续投入的时间和精力有相对清晰的认识。如果3天后还摸不着头脑，或一点也找不到感觉，那么这件事情很可能已经超出了你的认知范围。比如当你看广义相对论百思不得其解的时候，你可以选择放弃。但实际上，有些事情我们放弃不起。放弃写作等于放弃托福，甚至于学习外语的一个重要目的可能就此泯灭了。如果你认识到，绝大多数英语学习者都应该也可能提高写作水平，那么你要做的无外乎是刚强壮胆，按照本书的方法和内容进行实践。
如果一件事情你努力7天却不得要领，你要反省你的方法是不是有问题、获得方法的信息源是否有问题。正常情况下，7天时间足以让我们对一个新的领域有所感悟，即便有些较为深刻的问题不可能理解透彻，但基本上能把握的已经把握，不足的部分，也知道如何向下开展了。
如果一件事情，你经过10天的努力却没有取得任何突破，那么一定是哪里出了问题，极有可能是心理因素导致的。你要问问自己的初心何在？你真的要做这件事吗？世界那么大，我真的不要出去看看吗？一门全世界170多个国家都有很多人学好的语言，真的有那么难吗？
我们的生活确实需要紧迫感，确切地说是需要人生有所成就必备的时间管理技能，如果你稍加留心，你就会发现身边那些“泯然众人”的同伴常常是以“procrastinator（ 拖延者）”著称的，而能够翻开此书看到此处的你，或许本身就是很好的时间管理者，或者正在努力和自己的拖延症做斗争，不管怎样，我们在观念上是相通的。那么，请将本书为你安排的计划付诸实践吧，不要怀疑，就像如果你有一项打磨了20多年的技能，你也定会赢得我的尊重一样。
下面本书就要告诉你在这十天要做什么和如何去做。You are on the stage now!按天推进模式
第一天：
你的任务是了解托福机考作文是怎样考的，对考试中涉及的综合写作和独立写作有清晰的认知，了解考试难度、评分标准还有自己实际水平和理想分数之间差距的大小。
第二天：
你将开始攻克综合写作这一难关，了解综合写作科目的常见题材和相应的备考策略。这一天学习的重要任务是了解综合写作听力部分内容的技巧，并且进行针对性训练。本书中所提供的练习来源于TPO（TOEFL Practice Online，即托福线上练习），请各位同学自行根据TPO的阅读文章和听力材料，按照本书指导进行写作练习。
第三天：
想要在综合写作中拿到高分，同义转述和摘要写作的能力必不可少，这一天你的任务就是系统地了解同义转述和摘要写作的多种实用方法，并完成相关训练。
第四天：
在前两天的学习中，你已经掌握了写好综合写作的技巧，接下来就需要通过实战训练固化这些技巧。这一天你的任务是针对生物类和社会与文化类这两大重点学科进行练习。
第五天：
你的任务是继续完成历史与考古类、环境与科技类的综合写作重点学科的专项实战训练，在训练中请注意使用第一天中为大家准备的自主批改的checklist（评分表）。
第六天：
接下来你将开始另一大项“独立写作”的学习，你需要了解可能考到的各种题型、相应的文章布局和结构，并且学习各种常用句套构造文章框架。
第七天：
你的任务是学习一篇优秀习作中每个部分的具体写作方法，以及在行文过程中众多需要注意的细节问题，只有把握好细节才能够扎实地提高你的写作分数。
第八天：
学习过写作技巧之后，需要大量的练习以巩固所学内容。这一天你的任务是针对两大重点题材——Life Style和Attitudes、Education和Parenting——进行实战练习，并且积累相关语言素材。
第九天：
你的任务是继续完成Technology和Media类、Global and Social Issues和Culture类的独立写作重点学科的专项实战训练，同样请在训练中使用第一天中为大家准备的自主批改的checklist自我评测。
第十天：
你将学习到通过大量经验总结的考生最容易出现问题的十大语法现象，补足基础语法知识，并且学习熟练使用高级语法，为你的文章增添色彩。DAY 1 托福写作：考试概览与自我评价TOEFL Writing: Know the Test and Know Yourself1.1 考试流程及细节1.1.1 明确自己的水平
当你翻开本书的时候，我能想象你内心渴望突破托福写作的迫切，甚至想尽快略过本章直奔主题。坦率地说，在我过去教授的二十多万学生中，自诩作文不错的很少，即便有，也常是反例。国内某知名报社海外版的一位记者，因整日编辑英语新闻自诩写作是自己的强项，并没有重视针对托福写作的练习，结果在满分6分的时代只考出了5分，就像在今天的时代30分满分拿到了25分。这个成绩貌似不低，对于申请一般专业的学生来说，招生说明上写作的最高要求也就是25分，但对于申请传媒专业的考生来说，要和最会玩文字的人在全球平台上竞争，这个成绩只能意味着完败。简言之，在这场世界上几乎最经典的英语能力测试面前，谁也没有优势。努力快速认知并进入角色是必不可少的过程，你只有快速熟悉考试并知晓该如何绕过各种陷阱，找到自己的盲区，并在实践中摸索出克服自己的问题的方法，然后写出足够多的习作，才能最终胜利！
知晓你自己的真实现况是迈向成功的第一步，所以无论如何请你一定要虚心地从了解自己开始。当你阅读这些范文时，请认真设想如果要你写这个题目，你所写的会和哪个范文的相似程度最高，以此初步判定自身的情况。了解了自己的水平有助于你脚踏实地，树立清晰明确的目标，而后者是成功的重要第一步。®1.1.2 TOEFL iBT考试内容®
TOEFL iBT为网络形式考试，使用英语语言出题。考试内容包含四项（阅读、听力、口语和写作），整场考试大约需要4小时30分钟，包括报到的时间。
此考试综合考查四项技能：阅读、听力、口语和写作。
在考试期间，您需要将多种英语沟通技能相结合，例如：
★阅读、听录音，然后口头回答问题。
★听录音，然后口头回答问题。
★阅读、听录音，然后写出问题答案。®TOEFL iBT考试项目®
了解TOEFL iBT考试分数：®TOEFL iBT评分方法
虽然这四个考试项目（读、听、说和写）的分数范围都是0到30分，但是每个项目都是独立评测，而且每种评测都有自己的评分方法。因此，在同一项目所获得的分数，可以与同一项目的其他得分互作比较，但是把不同项目的得分互作比较则不恰当。
阅读和听力项目由计算机根据从0到30分的评分标准评分。阅读项目设有36~56个题目，均为选自学术文章的阅读段落，考生根据文章内容回答问题。听力项目设有34~51个题目，应试者根据听到的演讲、教室讨论和对话回答问题。1.1.3 综合写作
关于托福综合写作，在听到听力之前，考生会看到关于写作的要求，详细内容为：
★Read a passage about an academic topic and listen to a lecture about the same topic（写作考试前，考生需要阅读一篇250个单词左右的文章和听一篇相同题材类似长度的听力资料）；
★A question about the relation between the lecture and the reading passage（考生需要书写一篇文章以阐明该阅读资料和听力资料之间的联系）；
★Use information from the reading passage and the lecture but no personal opinion（考生在写作过程中应合理地运用听力和阅读资料中的信息，无须表达个人观点）；
★Be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content（考生文章的评判依据为其行文的质量和文章内容的完整度和准确性）。1.1.4 独立写作
关于托福独立写作，考试要求为：
★You write an essay that states, explains and supports your opinion on an issue. An effective essay will usually contain a minimum of 300 words; however, you may write more if you wish.（你应该写一篇文章来陈述、解释和支持你对于一个议题的观点。一篇有效的文章通常至少包含300个单词；当然你可以多写些。）
★You must support your opinions or choices rather than simply list personal preferences or choices.（你应该给你的观点或选择以支撑，而非简单地列出自己的偏好和选择。）
★Typical essay questions begin with statements such as:（常见的写作考试问题以列出观点为开篇，如：）
–Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use reasons and specific details to support your answer.（-你是否同意/不同意以下观点？请叙述原因或提供具体观点来支持你的看法。）
–Some people believe [X]. Other people believe [Y]. Which of these two positions do you prefer/agree with? Give reasons and specific details.（-有人持有观点X，有人持有其他观点Y，你倾向于/同意哪种观点？请提供理由并具体论证。）1.2 评分标准
托福会根据考生的作文将综合写作和独立写作成绩划分为五个层次，分别对应5分、4分、3分、2分和1分。为保证公平，分数由人工评阅和机器评阅共同完成。两项写作测试分开评阅后，将综合写作和独立写作的分数相加然后求平均数，通过换算最后得到考生的最后分数。每项都由两位阅卷人独立给出分数。
举例：小明的综合写作得了4分（两位阅卷人都给出了4分），综合写作得了4.5分（一位阅卷人给了4分，另外一位给了5分，取平均分），则他的写作模块原始平均分为4.25分，换算后他的最终得分为27分。
最后分数与原始两项平均分的换算表如下：1.2.1 标准详解综合写作的评分标准>>>独立写作的评分标准>>>1.2.2 案例与分析
让我们通过考生的真实案例来加深对于评分标准的理解吧。综合写作>>>
阅读一篇文章：
Many consumers ignore commercial advertisements. In response, advertising companies have started using a new tactic, called “buzzing”. The advertisers hire people, buzzers, who personally promote (buzz) products to people they know or meet. The key part is that the buzzers do not reveal that they are being paid to promote anything. They behave as though they were just spontaneously praising a product during normal conversation. Buzzing has generated a lot of controversy, and many critics would like to see it banned.
First, the critics complain that consumers should know whether a person praising a product is being paid to praise the product. Knowing this makes a big difference: we expect the truth from people who we believe do not have any motive for misleading us. But with buzzing what you hear is just paid advertising, which may well give a person incorrect information about the buzzed product.
Second, since buzzers pretend they are just private individuals, consumers listen to their endorsements less critically than they should. With advertisements in print or on TV, the consumer is on guard for questionable claims or empty descriptions such as “new and improved”. But when consumers do not know they are being lobbied, they may accept claims they would otherwise be suspicious of. This may suit the manufacturers, but it could really harm consumers.
And worst of all is the harmful effect that buzzing is likely to have on social relationships. Once we become aware that people we meet socially may be buzzers with a hidden agenda, we will become less trustful of people in general. So buzzing will result in the spread of mistrust and the expectation of dishonesty.
听一段录音，根据录音内容回答以下题目。题目要求如下：
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific points made reading passage. (选自TPO19)
5分考生作文：
In the lecture, the speaker discusses why the three accusations on buzzing mentioned in the passage are not reasonable.
To begin with, the reading claims that people are likely to be misguided by buzzers if they are not aware of their real motivations. Nonetheless, the lecturer refutes this and argues that buzzers recruited by the company are all users of the product to be provided. Hence, they can provide genuine and first-hand information to consumers instead of cheating them.
Next, contrary to the second statement in the reading passage that, since buzzers seem to be normal people, consumers believe what they say unconditionally, the student in the listening points out people are not that thoughtless and impressionable. Using himself as an example, he said that when he was buzzing to others, people bombarded him with a number of questions to make sure the product is really as good as it is said to be.
Finally, the speaker rules out the possibility that buzzers would be considered untrustworthy once their identities were discovered by consumers. Because buzzers really had a nice experience using the products or services they are promoting and like it very much, it will definitely benefit the people who believe the buzzers and try the product, even they discovered the true identity of buzzers.
文章的结构采取总分的方法，三个分论点都有很好的补充。文章的重心放在讲座的内容上，符合写作的要求。文章就阅读材料与听力材料的不同进行了很好的阐述。文章中正确地使用了不少衔接词，例如：finally，hence，if，nonetheless，next，because，to begin with，增加了文章的连贯性，使文章自然流畅。
4分考生作文：
The reading passage discusses an interesting topic about the use of buzzers, people who promote products to people without telling them that they are being hired by a company for that job, and how controversial the use of buzzer by company is. The article provides three reasons for support to ban this activity according to the critics. However, the lecture, a buzzer himself, contradicts each of the points exposed by the article and defends his part-time job with his own arguments.
First, the reading passage makes echo of the critics by sustaining that the buzzers should be open to people about their intentions when praising a product. Otherwise, buzzers are being dishonest with consumers. Challenging this point, the lecture explains that buzzers are actually people that have used the product before and that they are convinced that the products are really good; that is the motive the company hires them. Thus, buzzer really believes that what they are praising are really good.
Secondly, the reading passage claims that people are not on guard when receive the information the buzzers brings them; in consequence, the consumers could believe everything that it is said. On the opposite, the lecture, argues that people always ask many questions regarding all aspect of the product that are being promoted. Considering that, people are not out of guard.
Finally, the article elaborates the idea that buzzers are affecting negatively social relationship when a dishonest activity is behind the buzzer job. On the contrary, the lecture remarks that the buzzers only praise product they really believe are good for people and for that reason they should be trusted more than anyone.
3分考生作文：
The author talks about the ill effects of buzzing, he tells the various ways how buzzing can harm the society and provide wrong information to the consumers. However, the speaker in the follow up material cast doubt about the claims in the article by following reasons and justifications.
First, the passage tells that the buzzers hide the truth from the customers that they are buzzers and misguide a person. On the contrary, the speaker states that in reality the buzzers do not hide the identity and tell the correct information as they use the product first and when they are satisfied by the product then only they agree to advertise it for example the lecturer has been using his phone for a long time and is quite happy with its services. Therefore, he decided to be the buzzer of that company.
Second, the reading suggests that the consumers generally trust these buzzers and so they overlook various significant points that they would not do otherwise. This practice sometimes cause harm to these customers as they buy a bad product. To oppose this point, the professor explains that indeed the customer asks more questions from the buzzer about the authenticity, services, price and for how long he has been using the product. Thus, the consumer gets more reliable information.
Third, the professor contradicts the point made in the passage that the buzzing destroys the trust and relationship of people. He reveals that it is not true as a person agrees to become a buzzer only once he or she gets convinced about the product and thus passes on the correct information to the consumer. He again gives example of his phone company that he is very satisfied with the services of the company and hence he shares his experiences with others.
听力材料与材料讲解
Hi, my name is Bill. I was talking your professor in the subway about the greatest phone service I used. And it turned out we both interested in marketing, so he asked me to talk to the marketing class. You see I am a buzzer, part time you know. During the day, I am a student just like you. Now I had read that piece of tacking buzzing, it is really misleading. How it described buzzing leads out a lot and gives the wrong impression.
大家好，我是比尔。我刚才在地铁上跟你们的教授谈论有关我用过的最好的电话服务。结果我们都对销售感兴趣，所以他让我来市场营销课堂上讲一讲。大家知道我是一个兼职托儿。在白天我跟你们一样是个学生。我看到了这篇对口碑营销带有偏见的文章，这是一种误导。里面对口碑营销的描述是错误的。
First, it makes a sound that buzzing do not tell the truth about the products they are buzzing. That is not true. How buzzing work is this: companies find people who use the product and who really think the product is good. So, buzzing is not like ordinary advertisement when an actress is paid to read some lines. Yes, I get pay for telling what I think, but you get the truth from buzzers. I really do think my phone service is great. That is why the company hired me.
首先，文章中说口碑营销的过程中，托儿对他们推销的产品的性能说谎。这是不正确的。口碑营销的过程是这样的：公司招募那些真的使用了它们的产品，并且真的觉得这些产品好的人。所以，口碑营销不像是传统广告那样，让一个收了代言费的女演员读几行广告词。是的，我因为说出自己的真实想法而获得报酬，但是你们也从托儿的口里得到了真实的信息。我是真的认为我选择的电话服务是非常棒的。而这正是公司雇佣我的原因。
Second, the reading makes it seem that when a buzzer talks to someone, the person believes whatever he hears from the buzzer. Not true. In fact, the opposite is true. People I talk to ask a lot of questions about the product I buzz, that's about the price, service and how long I used the product. If I don't have the answers, they won't buy the product.
第二点，文章使读者认为当一个托儿向别人推销的时候，这个人会相信托儿所说的一切。这也不是真的。事实与之恰恰相反。我所交谈过的人都会问很多关于我推销的产品的问题，比如价格、服务还有我使用的时间。如果我不能回答，他们就不会买这种产品。
Finally, if you believe what you read, buzzing will destroy civilization. That's stupid. If a product is bad, the company cannot recruit buzzers. So, what you get from a buzzer is not only sincere, it is likely to be about a good product. If you try the phone service I use, you will get love it. So, people who try buzzed products are going to have good experience, so they will end up being more trustful and open to people.
最后，如果你们相信你们所读到的东西，口碑营销将会破坏社会文明。但是这种说法是愚蠢的。如果一个产品不好，那么公司就雇不到托儿。因此，不仅你们从托儿口里听到的是真实的，而且他们推销的产品很可能是好产品。如果你们也试一试我用的电话业务，你们也会喜欢的。所以，那些尝试口碑营销建议的人会有不错的体验，因此他们会更倾向于信任别人，也更加坦率。
听完综合写作的听力部分需要提取的观点是：
- Main point： 阅读部分中关于口碑营销的观点是错误的
- Sub point 1：托儿在推销产品的时候不会说谎
- Sub point 2：人们不会盲目信任口碑营销
- Sub point 3：口碑营销可以促进人与人之间的信任独立写作>>>
作文题目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
5分考生作文：
There are certain considerations or factors that everyone takes into account in a relationship. People may look for honesty, altruism, understanding, loyalty, being thoughtful etc! Everyone would more or less wish that the person s/he is dealing with has some of these virtues above. Putting them in an order according to their importance, however, can be very subjective and relative.
When someone asks him/herself the question “What do I consider to be the most important thing in my relationship?” the answer depends on a lot of factors such as how his/her earlier relationships were.
After stating that everyone's opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling the truth is the most important consideration in a relationship. Opposite of this is inarguably lying and if someone needs to lie, either s/he is hiding something or is afraid of telling me something.
In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I'm dealing with is honest. Even though s/he thinks that s/he did something wrong that I wouldn't like, s/he'd better tell me the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else, that'd be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again? How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive him/her and carry on with the relationship from there. So if I cannot trust a person anymore, if the person doesn't think I can handle the truth, there's no point to continuing that relationship.
Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite of these behaviors would not upset me as much as dishonesty would. Among all the possible behaviors, dishonesty is the only one for me that terminates how I feel about a person's reliability. Therefore honesty would be my first concern and the most important consideration in a relationship.
4分考生作文：
Always telling the truth in any relationship is really the most important consideration for many reasons. I could say that when you lie to someone, this person will not trust you anymore and what is a relationship based on? Trust, confidence, so the sense of relationship is being lost. Another point is that if the true is ommited once, it will surely appear sometime, somewhere and probably in the most unexpected way, causing lots of problems for the ones involved. So, the truth is the basis for everything.
First, confidence is the most important aspect of a friendship or a marriage, or anything like that, so, once it is lost, the whole thing goes down in a way that no one can bear it. To avoid losing confidence, there is only one way, telling the truth, lying will just help throwing it away. For example, a couple decided to go out on the weekend, but the man has a party to go with his friends to where he can not take his girlfriend and then he lies to her saying that he is sick and can not go to the date. She understands him and they do not see each other in that weekend, but he goes to the party and has much fun. Suppose on monday, the girl talks to a friend that saw him at the party and asked why did not she go with him. She found out the true and all confidence was lost, the basis for their relation is now gone and what happens next is that they break up or if they do not, he will persist on lyes and someday it will end.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]