作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
北京外国语大学高级翻译学院813英汉互译（同声传译）历年考研真题及详解试读：
1999年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解
I. 将下列短文译成英语（35分）
今年6月克林顿访华带了一支庞大的新闻队伍，使美国的民众第一次有了一个比较客观地了解中国发展变化情况的机会，用新华社的话来说，克林顿访华的报道，才“使‘新中国’的形象首次深入到美国的千家万户。”至于美国的政治家和新闻媒体则对所接触到的中国情况大感“意外”。以上的例子说明，西方世界对中国的认识与中国的实际情况相差有多远。究其原因，主要是西方有些人习惯于用政治化，意识形态化的眼光看待人权问题，习惯把一种社会制度看成是人权的化身，而把其他社会制度和发展看作是侵犯人权的表现，因此，总是把共产党领导的中国想象成一个反人权的国家。这种思维方式，使他们无法正确认识中国人权的真实情况，看不到中国的积极变化和发展，甚至把中国促进人权的努力都误认为是侵犯人权的表现。和平，发展与人权是世界各国的共同要求，更是一个多世纪以来中国人民矢志不渝的奋斗口标，中国当前正在致力于建设富强民主文明的国家，这是一项使五分之一人类彻底摆脱贫闲，充分实现人权的跨世纪的伟大事业，也是世界和平发展和人权事业的重要组成部分。开放的中国需要吸收人类一切优秀文化成果和有益经验，也需要得到各国的最大理解和支持。【参考译文】
This year, Clinton brought along a huge press team while visiting China in June, which gave the American citizens the opportunity to learn the development and change in China from a relatively objective perspective for the first time. As the Xinhua News Agency has said, it is the report about Clinton’s visit to China that makes the image of “New China” better understood by thousands of households in America. American politicians and news media feel shocked about what they have known about China. Those examples can show there is a big gap between the understanding of the west world towards China and the real situations in China. While searching for its reasons, it is mainly because that some westerners are used to perceive the issue of human rights from a political and ideological view. They are used to regard one social system as the embodiment of human rights while other social systems and developments as manifestations of violating human rights. This mode of thinking makes it impossible for them to realize the real situation of human rights in China. Positive changes and developments in China are never to be noticed. What’s more, all the efforts to promote human rights in China are misinterpreted as violations of human rights. Peace, development and human rights are the collective demands of all countries across the world, which is also the goal that Chinese nation have been persistently struggling for more than a century. China is currently committed to building itself to a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country, which is a great trans-century cause to thoroughly lift one fifth human beings out of poverty and fully realize human rights. It is also an important component of world peace and development as well as the cause of human rights. China is open to the outside. It needs to not only absorb all outstanding cultural achievements of mankind and beneficial experiences but also receive the maximum understanding and support from all countries.
II. 将下列单句译成英语（15%）
1．国家对经济的管理，已经由指令性计划为主的直接控制，转变为主要运用经济和法律手段的间接调控。【答案】The government has transformed its management towards economy from direct manipulation that is dominated by directive plan to indirect regulation in which economical and legal means are mainly adopted.
2． 1995年的经济体制改革，是重点推进国企改革，并配套进行社会保障制度改革，进一步转变社会职能，培育市场体系。【答案】The focus of the reform of the economic system in 1995 is to promote the reform of state-owned enterprises. At the same time, the reform of social security system is conducted accordingly to further transform the functions of society and foster the market system.
3．不顾本国的实际照搬其他国家的具体模式，或以自己的模式为尺度衡量和评判其他国家，都不是一种求实和相互尊重的态度，不利于国家之间的相互借鉴和共同发展。【答案】Neither to copy the specific patterns of other countries regardless of its own situation nor evaluate others by regarding its own pattern as criteria is a reflection of realistic attitude or mutual respect, which is not beneficial to mutual learning or common development between countries.
III. 将下列短文译成汉语（35%）
I like to think that my own relationship with President Reagan and the efforts I made to try to establish common ground between the United States and the Europeans helped to prevent disagreements over the pipeline and other trading issues from poisoning western co-operation at this critical juncture. Certainly, the summer of 1982 saw some useful international diplomacy. Between 4 and 6 June the heads of government of the G7 countries met amid the splendid opulence of Versailles.
President Mitterrand, who chaired the summit, had prepared a paper on the impact of new technology on employment. It quite often happened that the country in the chair at summit meetings felt that they must introduce some new initiatives even at the cost of extra government intervention and increased bureaucracy. This was no exception. For my part, I had no doubt about the attitude to take to technological innovation: it must be welcomed not resisted. There might be ‘new’ technology but technological progress itself was nothing new, and over the years it had not destroyed jobs but created them. Our task was not to make grand plans for technological innovation but rather to see how public opinion could be influenced in order to embrace not recoil from it. Fortunately, therefore, President Mitterrand’s paper was kicked into touch in the form of a working group.
But my most vivid recollection of the proceedings at Versailles is of the impression made by President Reagan. At one point he spoke for twenty minutes or so without notes, outlining his economic vision. His quiet but powerful words provided those who did not yet know him with some insight into the qualities which made him such a remarkable political leader. After he had finished. President Mitterrand acknowledged that no one would criticize President Reagan for being true to his beliefs. Given President Mitterrand’s socialist policies, that was almost a compliment.【参考译文】
我认为我同里根总统的深刻友谊，以及我为了建立美国与欧洲之间的共同利益所做的努力，在这一关键节点上避免了由于在管道和其他贸易事项上产生分歧，从而导致恶化与西方的合作。当然，1982年夏天出现了一些有效的国际外交，在6月4号至6号，七国集团领导人在辉煌富裕的凡尔赛进行了会晤。
密特朗总统主持了此次峰会，并就新科技对就业的影响准备了一份文件，通常，国家领导人会在峰会上感受到他们必须要出台一些新的提议，哪怕这需要政府的介入或是使官僚主义增长，这次也不例外。就我而言，进行科技创新的态度是毫无疑问的，要欢迎科技创新而不是抵制它，技术进步可能没有新的进展，但是还是有新的科技。这么多年以来，新的科技并没有消除工作岗位而是创造了就业机会，我们的任务不是为技术创新制定宏大的计划，而是要知道如何去影响民意，让他们去拥抱科技而不是在新科技面前畏缩后退，因此，密特朗总统以工作群体的形式让大家得以交流是十分幸运的。
但是，对于此次在凡尔赛所取得的进展中，最深刻的回忆是里根总统留给我的印象，在那一刻，他在没有笔记的情况下作了20分钟的发言，将他的经济愿景用大纲列举出来，他的话沉稳又强有力，使得那些不了解他的人知道了让他成为一名卓越政治领导者的素质，在他发言结束之后，密特朗总统承认道，没有人会因为里根总统忠于自己的信仰而批评他，考虑到密特朗总统主张社会主义政策，所以那句话完全就是对里根总统的赞扬。
IV. 将下列单句译成汉语（15%）
1．No serious student of history can doubt that the emergence of China as a world power presents a serious challenge to American foreign policy.【答案】没有学历史的同学会怀疑中国作为一大世界强国的出现给美国外交政策带来了重大的挑战。
2．Officials in many signatory states had disputed the complicated provisions of the treaty; some national legislatures—notably the U.S. Senate—refused to ratify the treaty on the ground that it was too kind to developing countries by not requiring their compliance. Moreover, critics said that by not sufficiently emphasizing deadlines for implementation, the Kyoto treaty let even the rich nations off the hook.【答案】很多签署州的官员对这一条约的复杂规定进行了争论，特别是像美国参议院这样的国家立法机构拒绝批准该条约，理由是不要求发展中国家的遵从对他们太过仁慈，另外，评论家说到由于没有充分地强调执行的截止日期，京都议定书使得很多富裕的国家也逃离责任。
3．Success against inflation was the single achievement to which we drew most attention as we approached the election, not least because Labour looked set to promise huge increases in spending and borrowing which could never be honestly financed and which would have sent prices soaring again.【答案】随着大选将近，应付通货膨胀的成功吸引了我们最密切的关注，这是一项成就，至少是因为工党看起来承诺大幅度增加开支和借款，而这些增长是永远不会得到资金真正的支持，并且会导致价格再次飙升。
2000年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解
I. 将下列短文译成英语（35%）
失败产品
提到产品，人们往往对名牌、精品津津乐道，而对一般产品却不屑一顾，对失败产品更是讳莫如深。其实，如同干任何事情都难有百分之百的把握一样，研制开发新产品也难免会遭遇失败。
据悉，美国纽约有一个失败产品博物馆，该馆展出了美国大量不受欢迎的产品，目前总数已达8万多件。该馆还向人们提供了这样一个数字：美国每年推向市场的产品达5400多种，而真正受到青睐的只有20%。
应该说，我们的许多生产厂家都能正视失败产品，并从失败产品中汲取教训，比如有的企业专门设立了失败产品陈列室、劣质产品样品仓库等等，但也有一些企业不能正确对待失败产品。更有甚者，在研制开发产品时动辄提出“只许成功，不许失败”的口号，这不仅有违客观规律，也是不现实的。
失败产品的原因是多种多样的，有的不符合市场需求，有的上市时间太迟，还有的品名、商标有问题等等，都有待研究。失败产品其实是一面镜子，经营者在研制开发产品时都不妨对着这面镜子照一照、瞧一瞧，以免重蹈覆辙。【参考译文】
Failed Products
When it comes to products, people tend to take delight in talking about famous brands and boutiques. They scorn ordinary products and even remain silent towards failed products. In fact, failure is unavoidable while developing new products just as nothing is a 100% sure of success.
It is said that there is a museum to display failed products in New York, the USA. Numerous unpopular products are exhibited there, and the total number of exhibits has reached more than 80 thousand. This museum also provides such information to the public that over 5400 kinds of products come to the market every year, but only 20% are really favored.
It should be said that many producers are able to adopt an objective attitude towards failed products and learn lessons from them. For example, the showrooms of failed products and warehouses of inferior product samples have been especially built in some corporations. However, there are some companies that could not treat failed products correctly. What’s worse, the slogan that only success is allowed has been put forward while developing products, which is not only against the objective laws but also unrealistic.
The reasons for product failure are various, which remain to be further studied. Some products don’t meet the market demands; some come to the market too late; some have problems with name or trademark. Failed products can serve as one mirror. Managers may have a check before this mirror while developing new products to avoid repeating the same mistakes.
II. 将下列单句译成英语（15%）
1．在全球经济日趋一体化的当今世界里，任何国家和地区的经济发展变化都与国际大环境的发展变化休戚相关，在瞬息万变、高风险的证券市场中，这一点体现得尤为突出。【答案】Since the global economy is becoming more integrated, economic development and change in every country and region are closely related to the development and change in this international environment. This is especially true in the security market where changes are happening in every moment with high stakes.
2．近年来，尽管我国政府坚持把控制人口，节约资源，保护环境放在重要位置。一步步提升环境保护力度，但是环境恶化的趋势还没有得到有效控制。【答案】In recent years, although our government has persisted to put much emphasis on population control, resource saving and environment protection and enhance environment protection step by step, the tendency of environment pollution hasn’t been controlled effectively yet.
3．建立现代企业制度，增强成本意识与竞争观念，促进企业经营管理水平的提高，从而提高国际竞争能力，这是企业发展的根本途径。【答案】The fundamental approach for corporation development is to build modern corporation system, strengthen the consciousness of cost and the concept of competition to enhance the level of corporate operation and management in order to promote international competitiveness.
III. 将下列短文译成汉语（35%）
No issue is more in need of rethinking than the concept of humanitarian intervention put forward as the administration’s contribution to a new approach to foreign policy. The air war in Kosovo is justified as establishing the principle that the international community—at least NATO—will henceforth punish the transgressions of governments against their own people. But we did not do so in Algeria, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Croatia, Rwanda, the Caucasus, the Kurdish area and many other regions. But what are the criteria for this distinction? And what will be our attitude to emerging ethnic conflicts in Asia, for example in Indonesia and the Philippines? The answer often given is that we act where we are able to without undue risk. And what kind of humanism expresses its reluctance to suffer military casualties by devastating the civilian economy of its adversary for decades to come?
Moral principles are expressed in absolutes. But foreign policy must forever be concerned with reconciling ends and means. The fact that ethnic cleansing is repugnant does not obviate the need to devise the most appropriate response. At every stage of the Kosovo tragedy, other mixes of diplomacy and force were available, though it is not clear they were ever seriously considered. A strategy that vindicates its moral convictions only from altitudes above 15,000 feet—and in the process devastates Serbia and makes Kosovo unlivable—has already produced more refugees and casualties than any conceivable alternative mix of force and diplomacy would have. It deserves to be questioned on both political and more grounds.【参考译文】
作为行政对外交政策新方式的贡献，人文主义干预这一概念的提出最值得重新思考。 科索沃的空中战争是有道理的，因为它确立了这一原则，从此以后国际社会——至少北约——会对人民违法的政府将被惩罚。但是，我们在阿尔及利亚、苏丹、塞拉利昂、克罗地亚、卢旺达、高加索、库尔德地区等许多地区没有这样做。这个区别的标准是什么？我们对亚洲，例如印度尼西亚和菲律宾，新兴种族冲突的态度呢？经常给出的答案是，我们在没有不必要的风险时我们能够采取行动。什么样的人文主义表示不愿意在未来数十年中去毁灭对手的民间经济而遭受军事伤亡呢？
道德原则要绝对地表达。但外交政策必须永远关注目标和手段的协调。种族清洗令人厌恶的事实并不排除需要构想出最合适的反应。在科索沃悲剧的每一个阶段，都有其他外交和武力的混合，尽管不清楚他们是否得到认真考虑。只有从15000英尺以上的高度证明其道德信念的战略，在摧毁塞尔维亚并使科索沃无法居住的过程中，已经产生的难民和伤亡比任何能够想到的武力和外交组合所带来的都多。它应该受到政治和更多理由的质疑。
IV. 将下列单句译成汉语（15%）
1．Modem Asian buildings airily defy gravity in a way only possible if one were to design and build with full conviction in how Newton’s mechanics works.【答案】现代的亚洲建筑以轻盈的姿态藐视重力，这只有当一个人对牛顿机制的工作原理完全信任时才有可能设计和建造出来。
2．Asia’s industrialization and economic expansion are predicated on people in our region internalizing the mathematical and scientific norms that first emerged in the West. That Asia itself now has contributed to advances in the region shows how we have become a part of this scientific culture.【答案】亚洲的工业化和经济扩张是以我们地区的人民内化了首先在西方出现的数学和科学规范为基础。亚洲本身现在已经为该地区的进步做出了贡献，显示了我们如何成为这一科学文化的一部分。
3．The idea that technology raises questions about their future is not new to those in the newspaper industry these days. ... In their worst nightmares, they fear that newspapers may be to communications business what the horse and cart were to transport.【答案】技术引发关于未来的问题对于那些从事报纸行业的人来说并不新鲜。在他们最糟糕的噩梦中，他们担心报纸可能是传播业务的交通工具。
2001年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解
一、将下列短文译成英语（35%）
不久前美国宇航局宣布，他们测得的数据显示，在最近两个月，南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯（Punta Arenas）上空。这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。更为严重的是，这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。
许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生，臭氧距地面约25-30公里，能吸收99%的太阳紫外线，可以说，它是地球生态环境的天然屏障，也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。据科学家测算，大气中臭氧含量每减少1%，太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加2%，而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加5%至7%。
但现在，可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。为了居民的身体健康，篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民，最好不要在中午11点到下午3点之间外出，因为在阳光下曝晒7分钟左右，皮肤就会受到损伤。
据科学家们观测，臭氧空洞目前已达到2800多万平方公里，而造成臭氧空洞的，正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质，才使臭氧越来越稀薄，最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大，还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致，但气温的升高，又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。
但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次，也是最后一次！【参考译文】
Not long ago, NASA (national aeronautics and space administration) announced that the data they had collected showed that in the recent two months, the ozone holes above the Antarctic had extended to Punta Arenas, a southern Chilean city. This is the largest hole that has been observed by mankind so far. More seriously, this is also the first time that ozone holes cover a densely populated city.
Many people are familiar with the importance of ozone. Ozone layer, located about 25-30 km above the ground, can absorb 99% of the sun's ultraviolet rays. It can be said the natural barrier of the Earth's ecological environment and the protection umbrella for human survival and reproduction. According to scientists, if the ozone content in the atmosphere reduces 1%, the sun's ultraviolet radiation will increase by 2%, and the number of skin cancer patients will increase by 5% to 7%.
But now, it can be said that all the inhabitants of a city are at risk of skin cancer. To protect inhabitants' health, Punta Arenas and its neighboring areas can't help but declare a state of emergency. This is probably the first time that human beings have entered a state of emergency due to the problem of ozone hole. Punta Arenas health department repeatedly warned the public, it is not advisable to go out from 11 o'clock to 3 p.m., because the skin will suffer damages after exposure under the sun for about 7 minutes.
According to scientists, the ozone hole has reached more than 2800 million square kilometers. It is Freon and some other chemical substances released during the incessant industrial production that deplete ozone layer and finally such a huge hole forms. Although the expanding of ozone hole partly results from the rising of temperature in the Antarctic continent, yet the rising temperature is directly related with the release of carbon dioxide in huge amount.
We hope that the warn in Punta Arenas is the first time, and also the last time!
二、将下列单句译成英语（15%）
1．我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争, 争取长时间的和平, 集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。【答案】We sincerely hope that no war will emerge and peace will last for a long time so that we can pour all of our energies on domestic modernization.
2．冷战后，世界形势出现了重大的变化，两极格局宣告终结，多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。【答案】After the Cold War, the world situation has undergone major changes that the bipolar world declared the end and multipolarization has become the leading direction of the evolution of the international situation.
3．近些年来，在经济全球化的冲击下，原有的分工格局和资源配置方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。发达国家在调整，新兴工业化国家、发展中国家和经济转轨国家也在调整，尽管调整内容、难点各不相同。【答案】In recent years, under the impact of economic globalization, the original division of labor and resource allocation is undergoing historic and important changes. Developed countries, the emerging industrialized countries, developing countries and economic transition countries are all carrying on adjustments, although the content and emphases are different from each other.
三、将下列短文译成汉语（35%）
Sanctions are a blunt instrument that can sometimes be useful. Used against Iraq, they forced its horrible dictator to disgorge nearly all his most lethal weapons. Ten years on, the perspective has changed. Saddam Hussein remains implanted in power without, for the past 15 months, any UN inspectors on the spot to discourage him from reinventing his nastiest toys. At the same time, sanctions have all but destroyed his country: its health and educational systems have collapsed; its infrastructure has rusted away; its middle classes have disappeared into poverty; its children are dying. A lot of people now conclude that a change of policy is needed.
The oil-for-food programme, passed by the UN Security Council in 1996, was supposed to rescue ordinary Iraqis from the deprivations of sanctions. Iraq is allowed to sell a certain amount of oil in exchange for "humanitarian" goods. Denis Halliday, an experienced UN hand, ran this programme for two years, but then resigned in disgust (as did his successor, a few weeks ago). Mr. Halliday now writes forthrightly of "genocide". He and others describe how American and British representatives on the Sanctions Committee hold up everything they suspect, however remotely, to be of dual use. The list of suspect goods runs from heart and lung machines to wheelbarrows, from fire-fighting equipment to detergent, from water pumps to pencils.
Some of these points were confirmed this month by Kofi Annan, the UN'S secretary-general, in his report on Iraqi sanctions to the Security Council. He revealed how far the oil-for-food programme still is from alleviating the Iraqi tragedy. Mr. Annan has spread his criticism around but is particularly upset, first, by the dangerously dilapidated state of Iraq's oil industry and, second, by the Sanctions Committee's erratic delays in giving the go-ahead for the delivery of goods for hospitals: some $150m worth of medicine and medical equipment is currently held up. At one time, outsiders were set in their views on Iraqi sanctions, seeing the situation in black or white. Now there is a large grey area, and an insistent question: are sanctions still the right policy? The authors document the impact of sanctions on the lives of ordinary Iraqis, and the arguments for change are pretty convincing. The undecided should pay heed.【参考译文】
制裁是一种钝器，但有时它也能发挥作用。对伊拉克实行制裁，其可怕的独裁者被迫将几乎所有最致命的武器都吐了出来。十年来，该观点发生了变化。过去十五个月内，萨达姆·侯赛因仍掌握着大权，根本没有联合国视察员到场阻止他重新制造最恶心的玩具。同时，除了摧毁他的帝国，制裁带来了所有的不良后果：伊拉克的健康和教育制度已经崩溃了，基础设施腐朽不堪，中产阶级陷入贫困，儿童正在死亡。现在很多人觉得是时候改变政策了。
为了拯救普通的伊拉克人免遭制裁，1996年联合国安理会通过以石油换粮食方案。允许伊拉克出售一定量的石油，以换取“人道主义”商品。经验丰富的联合国工作人员丹尼斯·哈利迪执行这个计划已经有两年的时间了，但是后来他觉得很厌恶，就辞职了（接任他的人几周前也辞职了）。哈里迪先生现在直截了当地称此举是“种族灭绝”。他和其他人描述了制裁委员会中的美国和英国代表是如何拦截一切他们怀疑的商品，这些商品可能会遭到不法分子的利用，但这种可能性也是微乎其微的。可疑商品清单包括心脏和肺部医疗机器，独轮手推车，消防设备，洗涤剂，水泵还有铅笔。
本月，联合国秘书长科菲·安南就伊拉克制裁问题对安理会作了
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]