（2017)考研英语阅读理解PART B精讲精练(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：李玉技

出版社：浙江教育出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

（2017)考研英语阅读理解PART B精讲精练试读：

认识李玉技还是在15年前新东方的一次主管会的聚餐晚宴上，记得当时有一个老师看着李玉技胖胖的身材，开玩笑说：“李玉技，你的身材真‘性感’呀！”李玉技马上就回答道：“我不姓感，我姓李。”当时惹得大家哄堂大笑，我也从此记住了这个善于自嘲，幽默机智，愿意给大家带来欢乐的李玉技。李玉技留给我的印象总是乐呵呵的，似乎这个世界上的烦恼永远与他无关。每次见面我总是禁不住问他：“李玉技，你怎么总是这么快乐？”他总是呵呵一笑，然后说：“我没烦恼事呀！”李玉技身上透露着新东方老师的特质之一——乐观。

时光荏苒，新东方已经走过了二十几个春秋，一代又一代新东方人通过自己的努力与汗水，帮助一批又一批学生实现了出国留学以及在国内名校读书的梦想。李玉技曾是踏实的新东方人中的一员。他从2001年开始教职称英语并负责该项目，2002年开始教授考研英语。1998年，新东方历史上的第一个考研培训班在北京北四环边上的一家饭馆二楼开班。到目前为止，全国每年选择新东方考研英语培训的学员已经超过20万。在这期间，涌现出一批又一批优秀的考研名师：周雷、范猛、金威、王江涛、唐静等等，这些耳熟能详的名字成就了新东方考研英语项目的品牌，李玉技也曾是这个优秀团队中的一员。北京国内部的老师都踏实肯干，李玉技老师在他的孩子出生那天还坚守在教学岗位上，任劳任怨。这些考研名师同时也具有优秀的教研和写作能力，很多老师都已经出版过图书，当然，李玉技也不例外。

考研英语在考研中的地位不可小觑。一般来说，得英语者得考研。在没有通过研究生入学考试的原因中，英语失利占到了三分之一。对于考研英语的备考建议，应该是以真题为圆心，以努力为半径来画这个完美的备考的圆。在考研中，一步一步夯实自己的英语基础固然重要，但是深刻理解命题规律对于考试分数的提升也是非常重要的。新东方考研英语的教学非常注重帮助学生从这两个方面取得提高。当然，新东方老师的书肯定也是从这两方面着手写作的。

最后，祝莘莘学子考研成功，金榜题名！俞敏洪新东方教育科技集团董事长兼首席执行官考研高分学员奋斗之路程珑

随遇而安还是放手一搏？在程珑的生活经历中，多次面临着这样的选择，有过迷茫，有过彷徨，但她最终还是选择了后者。这个今生注定要与舞蹈相伴的美丽女生，用四年的坚忍和等待换来了一朝的圆梦——四载艰辛、三次考研之后，她终于领到了那张盼望已久的录取通知书。

这位来自河北的美丽女生有着舞者的特质——面容姣好、气质出众，但这个看似柔弱的女孩有着一颗坚韧顽强的心。程珑本科时就读于北京舞蹈学院，学的是中国舞编导专业。她曾在2009和2010年参加过研究生考试，但都阴差阳错，与北京舞蹈学院的录取通知书擦肩而过。在2012年的研究生考试中，她以总分355分的成绩顺利考入北京舞蹈学院现代舞编创与教学专业。坎坷考研路

程珑从10岁左右开始系统地学习舞蹈，除了她自己的兴趣和家人的支持外，能够锻炼身体也是她学习舞蹈的一个原因。程珑介绍说，自己小的时候体弱多病，经常病倒又找不到原因，无奈之下父母甚至去找过算命先生。按照算命先生的说法，她的五行缺土，于是，在本名“程龙”的基础上又添加了一个斜王旁，变成“程珑”。在中专学习了6年舞蹈的程珑在报考北京舞蹈学院的时候就面临选择，北京舞蹈学院是中国舞蹈的最高学府，自己要么广撒网报考，能考到哪里就是哪里，要么什么都不想，专心为北京舞蹈学院的考试做准备。这时候父亲的激励让她坚定了决心：“如果你不拼一把，以后会养成习惯，那什么事情都得不到最好的结果。”

程珑依照考试要求，按照上面的每一个细节练习，和许多一边报考北京舞蹈学院，一边在找其他门路的考生不同，她没有给自己留任何后路，把所有的时间和精力都用在了准备考试上，最后被顺利录取，而且名列榜首。

面对采访的程珑落落大方，带着舞者的自信和坚韧，她介绍说，选择考研的原因有二：一是环境的压力，她很希望能当一名老师，而职业的门槛大都要求硕士学历；二是来自自己的职业规划，程珑希望能够在舞蹈和编导上有更深的造诣和发展，进修是个必然的选择。“能够考上还是很幸运的，我周围有人考了五六年，而我只用了四年，他们的造诣都很高，就是卡在了英语这里。”程珑介绍说，作为艺术生，平时学校对我们英语学习要求不高，但是考研英语的录取分数线对艺术类考生和非艺术类考生来说都是一样的，因此英语成了艺考生最大的难题。

2009年毕业时参加考研，程珑只是抱着“打酱油”的心态，也没有特别的准备。2010年再次做出考研的决定，程珑也有过迷茫，她当时的考虑是自己在这个行业中，年龄还小，这么早进入社会没有优势可言，还需要再精进，就再次投身于考研的准备。她说也没有那么艰难：“这只是一个决定的问题，决定了就去做了，而且这个决定是对的。”

准备2010年研究生考试的时候，程珑几乎每天都12点半睡觉，6点起床。把新东方的单词书前前后后背了10遍，但当年赶上了考研的体制改革，考试题目非常难，她的英语成绩仅仅比分数线32分低了1分，考研再次以失败告终。行动力最重要

程珑并没有参加2011年的研究生考试，这一年她在大学同学的推荐下进入了沈阳的一家传媒公司工作。她介绍说：“当时正好有这样一个机会，我彻底迷茫了，我不知道自己到底是该工作还是继续考研，但我只知道我有这样一个机会，我需要把握住，无论怎样的经验都会是积累。”

梦想很丰满，现实很骨感。程珑坚定地说，行动力是最重要的，梦想要行动才能实现。初入职场的她抱着良好的心态，她把这一年定义为经历坎坷的一年，而且她甚至希望遇到的困难越多越好。在这一年的工作经历中，程珑收获了很多，除了专业方面的提升外，她也看到了自己在管理等方面的潜力，心态也变得更平稳，在生活中多了感恩，少了计较。

2011年春节的时候，程珑收到了以前老师发来的短信，问她今年为什么没有来继续参加考试，这又勾起了她对于考研的向往，这位已经积累了更多经验的女孩再次认真地权衡了利弊，她觉得凭着自己的积累和努力，能够取得更好的成绩，于是再次做出了考研的决定。

程珑沉下心来总结了自己前两次考试失败的原因——虽然已经把单词背得滚熟，但在运用上就相对稚嫩。她看了一些新东方网站上的教学视频，意识到自己现在要做的就是找到正确的应对考试的方法，找到适合自己的学习方法。学习方法的胜利

程珑是个善于制定计划并坚持完成的人，她计划从9月份开始复习，到12月份考研，每天都保持8小时的复习时间，事实上她也做到了。在2011年一年中，她用上半年的时间接活动、赚外快，为下半年的投入复习打下了经济基础，剩下的四个月时间，她的生活里只有考研这一件事情。“我也发现，自己单独复习是不行的，很多方法我需要有人指导，大班的教学也不适合我，我的水平和班里的学生也会有些差距。”程珑介绍说，就是在这样的情况下，她选择了新东方考研VIP1对1的课程，总共20小时的学时，她全部用在了英语作文上，她很直率地说，因为作文的提高空间更大。“我特别感谢李玉技老师，请你们一定也要帮我转达对他的感谢。”说起自己的授课老师，程珑说得最多的就是“感谢”二字。起初程珑背了很多作文，自己写的时候却用不出来，李老师就先指导她从行文逻辑练起，帮助她梳理思路，一起探讨社会热点话题，经常给她布置作业而且认真帮她批改作业……她还记得考试时候的情景：“作文是由两部分组成的，大作文和小作文，而小作文的形式李老师曾经提到过，我也练习过，对我而言基本就是原题，看到题目的时候我会心一笑，把这部分放在了最后写，很快就完成了。”程珑自己的积累与李玉技老师的方法相结合，让程珑的考研英语获得了49分的成绩（分数线35分）。

走过这条坎坷的考研路，程珑给广大的考研学生提出了真诚的建议：“考研的路是自己选的，它可能是人生发生变化的一个重要拐点，但换个角度去想，它也是考验我们综合能力的一个途径，更是认识自我，学会自控自省的过程。或许你和我一样，并不清楚它的意义究竟何在，究竟该坚持还是放弃，但请你相信，只要选择，并坚持下来，未来无论还有多少难关，我们都不会畏惧，因为至少我们学会了对自己做出的决定去承担和负责，这就是对自己负责！最后我真诚地把自己很喜欢的一段话分享给大家：简单的事情重复做，你就是专家；重复的事情用心做，你就是赢家。因为美丽是属于自信者的，从容是属于有备者的，奇迹是属于执着者的，成功是属于顽强者的。”陈散吟

和陈散吟聊天，从这个1986年出生的男孩子身上，你感觉不到很多北京男孩的特质。有点低调，有点内敛，对自己考研VIP班的老师彬彬有礼，但又透露着这个年纪的男孩子应有的爽朗。从一年前16分的考研英语成绩，到今年以超过分数线20分被录取，陈散吟对于北京新东方VIP中心的老师们印象颇深。令他折服的不仅仅是新东方老师的专业和实力，还有他们为人师、为人友的谦逊和豁达。

周雷、李玉技、金威、唐静、王江涛——新东方考研英语的一线名师；刁志萍、李效东、田耕、夏林——新东方考研政治的明星教师。陈散吟说，如果没有老师们对他的帮助，他觉得考研对他来说就是一座难以逾越的高山，因为有了这群“底蕴+实力+偶像”的老师，他才在考研征途中信心百倍。

小学就开始学画的陈散吟和同龄人相比，显得更加沉稳。因为家庭的影响，他从小就对国画有着浓厚的兴趣，并且受到了良好的熏陶。高二下学期，他决定学习艺术并报考了中国美术学院的中国国画山水专业，并从此开始了他的艺术学习之路。大四的时候，他就已经决定了未来的发展方向，继续考研、考博，为自己的艺术之路积淀更多的专业素养。

对于所有艺术考生而言，英语无疑是横在路中的巨石。从高中时就基础薄弱，到了大学几乎就和英语绝缘。所以考研第一年，16分的英语成绩让他许久都有点不知所措。对于人生的理想，陈散吟从来都没有想过放弃，该怎么办？他想到了很多同学上过的新东方。

学习初期，陈散吟报了考研英语和考研政治的大班课。但是对于基础薄弱的他来说，大班课显然学起来相当吃力。而且对于他这种大学四年都缺少学习压力的人来说，他更需要有老师来严格要求他，督促他。通过咨询，他了解到新东方也开设有考研全科的VIP课程，全程1对1辅导。按照他的情况制定课程计划，这种有针对性的辅导，必然会卓有成效。

陈散吟说他的备考经验就如同“老师让你怎么做你就怎么做，跟着老师的步伐走”。因为基础太差，陈散吟在还没开始上VIP课程之前，就听从李玉技老师的话——背单词。一本李玉技老师的《考研英语大纲词汇考点、用法及辨析》，他和女朋友一人一本，成了他们学习的核心任务。从A到Z，陈散吟靠着记忆和联想，硬是全部啃了下来。每周三次VIP课程，没课的时候从早上九点到晚上六点一直泡在图书馆，从来没有过过这样的苦日子，陈散吟一下子就瘦了下来。李玉技老师对他说，考研就是对生理和心理的双重考验，只有那些吃得了苦、狠得下心的同学，才能取得最后的胜利。技巧和实力的双重提高，才是考研高分的制胜法宝。

而另外一个经验，陈散吟说：“备考的过程中，一定要有一个同伴可以和你相互鼓励，相互督促。我很感谢我的女朋友，她和我一起走过了那些拼搏的日子。”陈散吟还讲述了一个小故事：上王江涛老师的作文课时，王老师刻意提问了自己女朋友一个单词的含义。结果这个单词竟然就是今年考研英语写作试题的核心词汇。因为记忆深刻，这个考点完全被拿下。

因为有了老师的帮助和自己的努力，今年考研陈散吟信心十足。没有了英语这个拦路虎，政治在老师的指点下做好功课，陈散吟顺利达到了考研分数线，成功被中国美术学院录取，继续他的艺术追求之路。

分别的时候，陈散吟笑着对他的辅导老师李玉技老师说：“等我考博的时候，我还要回来请您帮我辅导考博英语呢！”像他这样在青春的日子里挥毫泼墨，为了自己的人生理想而努力奋斗的年轻人，在新东方的课堂上还有很多很多。无论选择何种方式来成就理想，新东方都会尽全力给予你们最坚定的支持！第一章考研英语阅读理解Part B概述第一节考研英语（一）阅读理解Part B考试大纲要求

阅读理解部分B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

备选题型有：（1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500～600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6～7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6～7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。（2）在一篇长度约500～600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7～8个）重新排序，其中2～3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。（3）在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6～7段文字或6～7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6～7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。

阅读理解Part B中提供了3种备选题型，这在一定程度上反映了教育部对硕士研究生考试的重视，同时也反映了教育部竭尽全力在设计一套既合理又能够与国际英语语言考试接轨的考试。备选题型在很大程度上摒弃了传统的应试技巧，考生真正读懂文章才能够取得高分；它的设计原则在一定程度上借鉴了雅思以及GRE等国外考试的模式。对很多考生来说，备选题型在一定程度上增加了备考的负担。本书详尽地分析了各种备选题型，帮助考生攻克备考难关。第二节考研英语（二）阅读理解Part B考试大纲要求

阅读理解部分B节有两种备选题型。每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者这两种形式的组合进行考查。

备选题型有：1.多项对应

本部分为一篇长度约450～550词的文章，试题的内容为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题，右侧一栏为7个选项。要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。2.小标题对应

在一篇长度约450～550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构，从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。第二章段落句子填空题与排序题解题技巧及大纲样题解析第一节段落句子填空题与排序题解题技巧一、利用代词解题1.如果选项中有指示代词+名词的情况，往往表明文章中此选项所在空白处的前面出现了这个名词，或这个名词的同义改写，或与这个名词相关的概念。

常见的指示代词有this、that、these、those和such等。

以2012年英语（一）真题为例：

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）

Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown -paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.

The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. （41）___________________

The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st centur's culture machine.

But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. （42）___________________ I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.

All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods—paintings, sculpture and architecture—and superfluous experiences—music, literature, religion and philosophy. （43）___________________

For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. （44）___________________

Television is a one -way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on. （45）___________________

What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of “stickiness”—creations and experiences to which others adhere.

[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.

[B] Applications like tumblr.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.

[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation —whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.

[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.

[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half -century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium —television—and television is defined by downloading.

[G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

选项[A]的开头出现了指示代词+名词these superfluous things，这说明文章中这句话的前面出现了superfluous things或者相关概念，经过定位寻找，43题所在的段落提到了superfluous material goods，意为“丰富的物质财富”，因此正确答案为[A]。

同样，选项[F]中提到了this pyramid of production ，这说明文章中这句话的前面出现了this pyramid of production或者相关概念，经过定位寻找，44题所在的段落第二句提到了a pyramid of production ，因此正确答案为[F]。

再以下面这篇文章为例：

A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. 41. __________ They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.

For example, if workers arrived at 6 a.m., the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. 42. __________“It just seems like a very good application for robots,” Farritor said. “The robotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,” Farritor said in a report on his creation.

43. __________ This fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.

The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. “It would look exactly the same,” Farritor said. “Normally there's a kind of rubbery, black base to them. 44. __________”

Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they might need.

The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. “That way you don't have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation.” Farritor said.

While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next. 45. __________ He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may benefit from them.

[A] And they can return to the original place at the end of the day.

[B] He is thinking about starting a small business.

[C] Farritor was “Inventor of the Year ” in 2003.

[D] Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant.

[E] We replace that with a robot.

[F] These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away.

[G] They make those orange cones and help upgrade water infrastructure.

[F]项中出现了指示词These robotic cones and barrels，说明前面很可能提到了robotic cones and barrels ，纵观原文，此选项为41空所填内容。

43空后出现了指示词This fund ，说明本空所填句子提到了fund或其同义词。[D]提到了grant，意为“资助金”，所以[D]项为43题答案。2.利用第三人称代词的主格、宾格和所有格做题。

要注意三个问题：（1）代词指代的名词的单复数形式要一致。一般来说，he（him/his）, she（her/her）, it（it/its）前面往往会出现单数名词，而they（them/their）前面往往会出现复数名词。（2）代词可以用来指代明确的人或物。he（him/his）或she（her/her）的前面往往出现表示人物的名词，they（them/their）前面可能出现表示人物的名词，也可能出现表示事物的名词。注意：如果使用拟人的修辞手段，he（him/his）或she（her/her）前面也可能会出现表物的名词，但是拟人的修辞手法在考研英语这种学术性极强的考试中，出现的频率非常低。（3）代词可以用来明确所指代的人物的性别。he（him/his）前面往往出现男性名词，如：boy、 man、 policeman和Mr.等，she（her/her）前面往往出现女性名词，如：girl、 woman、 policewoman、 Mrs.、 Ms.和Miss等。

同样，还以2012年真题（P2~3）为例：

[C]项中连续出现了两次人称代词they，而根据选项前半部分的意思“他们不但发明了这个设备”可知，they指的是表示人物的复数名词，文章中41题所在的段落出现了geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries，这些都是指人的复数名词。同时[C]项中的such a device指代此段落中的a fabulous machine。因此正确答案为[C]。

文章中42题空后出现了call it a secret war，可知空格处所填内容中应提到a secret war或相关概念，选项[D]中提到了a secret war，因此正确答案为[D]。

再以P3~4举例文章为例：

45题空后中的He is also thinking about...出现了he和also两个重要的线索，also表递进关系，说明空格处说的是he is thinking...。所以正确答案为[B]。3.使用代词的注意事项（1）如果指示代词后面没有出现名词，那么该指示代词用处不大。（2）若选项中出现了they（them/their），要弄清楚这个词指代的是人还是物。（3） it既可以作形式主语，也可以作形式宾语，既可以指时间、天气、距离，也可以指表示整体概念的复数名词，其使用情况较为复杂。（4）代词出现在选项的第一句或文章中空格的后面一句时更容易用来定位信息。（5） one指代单数可数名词； that指代不可数名词、单数可数名词或句子。（6） anyone用代词he来指代。二、利用并列关系解题1.当句中的信息是以并列列举的形式展示时，所列举的成分在语法上必须是并列的。

例如：

Not parallel: Mr. Henry is a lawyer, a politician and he teaches students.

Parallel: Mr. Henry is a lawyer, a politician and a teacher.

又如：

Not parallel: She likes to fish, swim and skating.

Parallel: She likes to fish, swim, and skate.2.表并列关系的单词或词组有：

or, on one side...on the other side..., equally, also, meanwhile, while, and, indeed, furthermore, moreover, still, similarly, at the same time, on one hand...on the other hand..., one...another..., for one thing...for another..., one...the other...another..., some...others...still others..., the former...the latter..., say...add...等。

以2011年英语（一）真题为例：

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）

[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education ” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read ”—they form a sort of social glue.

[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses -writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.

[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non -specialist liberal -arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.

[E] Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalization, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.

[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand does not say.

[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.

Order:

[C]段开头是Equally unsurprisingly ，意为“同样不足为奇的是”，说明前面提到了“不足为奇的是”。[A]段最后一句话中出现了Not surprisingly ，说明[A]段后面是[C]段。

再以2008年真题为例：（43） _______________________________________ Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.

答案

[A]To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.

43题所在的段落末尾出现了on the other side ，由此可知，空格处所填句子应提到了on one side，故选项[A]为答案。

再以2005年真题为例：

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）

Canad's premiers （the leaders of provincial governments）, if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.

They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest -growing components of which are pharmaceutical costs.

41. ____________________________

What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts —recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.

42. ____________________________

But “national” doesn't have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial—provinces combining efforts to create one body.

Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province —negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national

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