全新英语语法.小学篇(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-07-29 02:24:51

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作者:《全新英语语法》编写组

出版社:华东师范大学出版社有限公司

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全新英语语法.小学篇

全新英语语法.小学篇试读:

前言

语法是英语学习的重要组成部分,也是英语学习的难点。语法知识的掌握既有助于提高学生语言表达的准确性,也有助于提高学生的语言表达能力。

近年来,越来越多的家长开始重视孩子的英语学习,市场上也有琳琅满目的英语语法书,但是真正适合小学生学习的很少。为此,我们约请熟悉小学英语教学的老师编写了这本《全新英语语法 小学篇》。本书特点如下:

1.目标明确,针对性强。

为适合全国各地的小学师生使用,本书编写时参照了教育部《义务制教育国家英语课程标准》(2011版)和《上海市小学英语学科基本要求》(2017年2月版),内容涵盖《上海市小学英语学科基本要求》的全部语法知识。同时,根据小学生的认知特点,本书编写时尽量避免使用抽象和生僻的语言,更方便小学生使用。

2.分层递进,内容全面。

通过精选的例子和简洁的分析来梳理基本的语法知识,以“tips”的方式在所讲的知识点后,给予适当补充说明,或说明其特殊的用法,或列举英语中常用的固定搭配,或拓展小升初衔接的知识点,以此来满足不同层次师生的需求。同时,又以“附录”的方式,梳理了常见不规则动词变化表、构词法和常用交际英语,方便学生在学习过程中随时查找。

3.学用结合,策略渗透。

本书虽以讲为主,但是也和练相结合,在讲解语法知识点的基础上,精心编写了相关语法知识点的练习,及时进行巩固。设计题目时,编者渗透学习策略,旨在尽最大力量地帮助学生梳理词汇和巩固相关语法知识,帮助学生在真实的学习和生活中迁移与运用语法。

本书既可以作为小学师生桌边的常备工具书,在需要查阅的时候翻看;也可以作为小学生学习、复习语法知识的学习材料,其中,“我的学习记录表”(附录4)就是帮助学生养成初步的自我学习和评价的工具。当然,有关的知识点讲解和练习也可以作为小学老师在备课时的参考资料。

小学阶段是语言学习的关键期,因为小学生具有较强的好奇心,他们可塑性强,也有着很好的记忆力,所以他们学习语言的潜力非常大。相信通过本书的学习,可以增进他们对语法知识的理解,提高他们的听、说、读、写的能力,有助于他们养成良好的英语学习习惯。

因时间仓促,书中难免有些许错误,也请广大读者不吝赐教,我们不胜感激。Unit1名词

名词是表示人物、动物、地点、物品、行为、感情及抽象概念的词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。

人物

Tom 汤姆

boy 男孩

daughter 女儿

teacher 教师

worker 工人

动物

pig 猪

tiger 老虎

bird 小鸟

fish 鱼

butterfly 蝴蝶

地点

park 公园

forest 森林

school 学校

beach 沙滩

house 房子

物品

desk 书桌

kite 风筝

bicycle 自行车

water 水

bread 面包

抽象

life 生活

idea 想法

health 健康

interest 兴趣

truth 真理一、专有名词和普通名词

表示特定的人、事物、地点或机构名称的词叫作专有名词。

人名

Tom 汤姆

Ma Yun 马云

Shakespeare 莎士比亚

星期、月份、节日

Sunday 星期天

June 六月份

Children's Day 儿童节

the Spring Festival 春节

建筑、道路

the Great Wall 长城

the Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔

Nanjing Road 南京路

国家、城市

China 中国

Germany 德国

Shanghai 上海

London 伦敦

Zurich 苏黎世Tips

1.专有名词的首字母一定要大写,但其中的冠词(a,an,the)、介词(in,of)等的首字母一般不大写。如:the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国。

2.由普通名词构成的专有名词,一般要加the。如:the Spring Festival 春节,the United States 美国

3.你的名字、你朋友的名字也是专有名词。

凡是不属于特定的人或事物名称的词,叫作普通名词。普通名词主要表示一类人、事物、物质或抽象概念的名称的词。

如:teacher(教师)、air(空气)、family(家庭)、school(学校)等。普通名词可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。

1.个体名词:指单个人或事物的名词。

student 学生 flower 花 piano 钢琴 supermarket 超市

2.集体名词:用来指一群人或一些事物总称的名词。

police 全体警察 class 一个班级的学生 group 组

family 家人 people 人民

集体名词people作“人民”讲时,一般只有单数形式,但作“民族”的意思时,可以作为个体名词。a people 一个民族,two peoples 两个民族

3.物质名词:指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词。

air 空气 water 水 butter 黄油 cloth 布 ice 冰

有些物质名词在不同场合意思上有一定的变化,因此,在不同的场合属于不同的类。如:

4.抽象名词:指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的词。

health 健康 happiness 幸福 beatuty 美丽 love 爱

有些抽象名词随着词义的转化,可用作个体名词。如:Exercises

1.1 Read and write (请给下列名词分类)Jill,coat,gym,hen,father,Beijing,fish,driver,restaurant,elephant,doctor,child,duck,piano,hospital,box,panda,photo,chicken,farmer,corn

1.2 Think and write (写出十个你去过的或想去的地点)

____ ____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____ ____

____ ____ ____ ____二、可数名词与不可数名词

在英语中有些名词是可以一个一个数出来的,叫作可数名词。但也有些名词是不能用具体数字数的,叫作不可数名词。

一般来说,个体名词是可数名词,集体名词有的是可数名词,有的是不可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词一般是不可数名词,一般不能用具体的数字进行修饰。

可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个的,就是单数形式,如a pencil(一支铅笔),an apple(一个苹果)。 表示两个或两个以上的,就要用复数形式,如two kites(两只风筝),four books(四本书)。1.名词复数变化规则如下:

一般情况,词尾+s

词尾是s,x,sh,ch的词+es续表

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再+es

词尾是f或fe的词,变f或fe为v,再+es

但个别以f结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s,如roof➡roofs

以o结尾的名词,复数形式有些复杂。现归纳如下:

以“o” 结尾的名词,复数时 +es

其余以“o”结尾的名词,都+s2.部分名词复数变化是不规则的

this man➡these men   a woman➡some women

that sheep➡those sheep a fish➡a lot of fish

a goose➡some geese   one foot➡two feet

a child➡many children  a mouse➡some mice

a person➡two people/some people/many people

例:The city of Hamelin is full of mice.

The people of Hamelin do not want to give the piper his gold.

fish:作鱼的“条数”的意思时,其复数形式为fish,如two fish,作鱼的“种类”的意思时,复数为fishes,如:two different fishes 两种不同的鱼。

people和person的区别:people是集体名词,作复数用。“一个人”的表达法为“a person”,不可以说“a people”,“两个人”可表达为two people,two persons。

people作“民族”解时是可数名词,复数词尾加s

a people 一个民族 two peoples 两个民族3.有些名词需要用复数表示。

例:It's shining outside.Do you need sun glasses?

I need a pair of glasses/a pair of scissors/a pair of trousers/two pairs of trousers.

I need a pair of new shorts/some new shorts.

4.以下名词单复数形式相同。

不可数名词

不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词叫不可数名词。如:weather,water,air,rice,salt,sugar,coffee,milk,tea,chocolate,butter,oil,money,furniture,luggage,traffic等。

有些名词表示人的心情、感觉、建议等,如excitement,charm,advice,news,information等,也是不可数名词。

不可数名词没有单数和复数之分。1.不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an连用,但可以和the连用。专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词一般情况下是不可数名词。

例:The sky is blue.天空是蓝的。

The bread in the kitchen is for you.厨房里的面包是给你的。

常见不可数名词如下:

air 空气 chalk 粉笔 cloth 布 change 零钱

coffee 咖啡 fire 火 food 食品 fun 乐趣

furniture 家具 fruit 水果 glass 玻璃 grass 草

hair 头发 homework 家庭作业 ink 墨水 luck 运气

knowledge 知识 luggage 行李 money 钱 meat 肉

music 音乐 tea 茶 rain 雨 sand 沙

rice 米 smoke 烟 snow 雪 sugar 糖

traffic 交通 water 水 weather 天气 wind 风2.在不可数名词前加上单位词,表示具体的数量;如果表示不确切的数量则可以用some,much,a little,a lot of等。

例:a bag of rice 一袋米 two bags of rice 两袋米

a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力 four bars of chocolate 四块巧克力

a piece of bread 一片面包 some pieces of bread 几片面包

a cup of tea 一杯茶 two cups of tea 两杯茶

a glass of water 一杯水 three glasses of water 三杯水

some milk 一些牛奶 much money 许多钱3.表示一类事物的不可数名词作主语,后面的谓语单词用单数形式;如果表示一类以上事物的不可数名词作主语,后面的谓语单词用复数形式。

例:Water is important.水很重要。

Meat and fish are in the fridge.鱼和肉在冰箱里。Tips

有些名词有时是可数的,有时是不可数的。如:Exercises

1.3 Write the plural (写出下列名词的复数形式)

week ____ shop ____ monkey ____

dish ____ box ____ knife ____

plane ____ sandwich ____ tooth ____

sheep ____ child ____ leaf ____

1.4 Read and choose (读一读,选择恰当的词)

1.I brush my ____ every morning.(tooth,teeth)

2.Look!There ____ a lot of fish in the river.(is,are)

3.My father goes to work on ____ every morning.(foot,feet)

4.There ____ some good news today.(is,are)

5.There are some ____ on the playground.(child,children)

6.Oh,there are some ____ behind the door.(mouse,mice)

7.The ____ over there is my new English teacher.(man,men)

8.I need my scissors,but I can find ____.(it,them)

9.Mary has got short black ____.(hair,hairs)

10.We're going to buy some new ____.(furniture,furnitures)三、名词的所有格

名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词的所有格,意为“……的”。

名词所有格有两种形式,一种是直接在名词后加's,表示有生命的东西的所有格,如:Andy's clothes(安迪的衣服)。另一种是在介词of后加名词,表示没有生命的东西的所有格,如:the top of the mountain(山的顶部)。

名词后加's,构成所有格的方法1.表示有生命的东西的名词,或表示时间、国家、城镇的名词,一般在单数名词后面直接加's

Tom's camera 汤姆的照相机 my sister's house 我姐姐的房子

a girl's name 一个女孩的名字 the boy's kite 男孩的风筝

the woman's bag 那个女士的包 the children's toys 孩子们的玩具2.名词复数结尾是s,则在后加'

the teachers' office 老师们的办公室 the kids' books 孩子们的书3.表示几个主语共有一样东西,在最后一个主语后加's,表示几个主语各自拥有一样东西,在每个主语后加's

my father and my mother's car 我父母的小汽车

my father's bike and my mother's bike 我父亲的自行车和我母亲的自行车4.表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象等无生命的名词,所有格也用's的形式。

时间:today's newspaper 今天的报纸

距离:ten minutes' walk 十分钟的步行

国家:China's weather 中国的天气

地点:Shanghai's parks 上海的公园

自然现象:the moon's light 月光

of所有格:of+名词

一般情况下,表示名词代表的事物是无生命的,用of组成短语表示它的所有格。

the beginning of the story 故事的开始 a map of China 中国地图

the walls of the house 房子的墙壁

the back of the classroom 教室的后面

有生命的名词的's所有格和of所有格可以互换。如:the boy's name=the name of the boy男孩的名字Tips:

1.名词所有格修饰的名词,如果上文提到过,可以省略。如

Whose book is this?It's Tim's.(Tim's=Tim's book)

Linda's bag is bigger than Susan's.(Susan's=Susan's bag)

2.名词所有格修饰的名词,表示某人的家、商店、学校等时,被所有格修饰的名词常不出现。We are having dinner at my grandparents' tonight.(my grandparents'=my grandparents' house)

3.a photo of my mother与a photo of my mother's的区别

It is a photo of my mother.这是我母亲的一张照片。(照片里是我母亲本人)

It is a photo of my mother's.这是我母亲收集的照片中的一张。(指照片里不一定是我母亲本人)Exercises

1.5 Read and choose (选择合适的单词完成句子)

1.That tall man is my uncle.He's my ____ (father's,father)brother.

2.My grandmother is my ____ (father's,sister's)mother.

3.The lady in the long red skirt is my aunt.She's my ____ (mother's,mother)sister.

4.My cousin is my ____ (aunt's,mother's)son.

5.Emily is ____ (Anne and Paul's,Anne's and Paul's)daughter.

6.____ (Jill,Jill's)friends held a big celebration party to welcome her back.

1.6 True of False (判断下列划线部分是否正确?如错的请写出正确的表达)

1.What is the name of the book?

T                  

2.I went to the house of my grandpa last Sunday?

F  my grandpa's house       

3.Do you like the color of the coat?

____________________________________

4.Write your name at the top of the page.

____________________________________

5.When is the birthday of your mother?

____________________________________

6.Our school is at the end of the street.

____________________________________

7.The country chicken stayed at the side of the tour bus last night.

____________________________________

8.The film's name is Zootopia.

____________________________________Unit2 冠词

英语中冠词一共有三个,他们是不定冠词a,an和定冠词the。冠词一般放在名词前面,泛指或特指一类人或物。冠词离开了名词本身无意义,冠词不能单独使用。一、不定冠词

不定冠词

不定冠词(a和an)只可用在可数名词单数前,意思是“一个”、“一本”、“一只”等。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是辅音开头,不是根据字母,而是根据读音。如:

a book 一本书 a monkey 一只猴子

a window 一扇窗 an hour 一个小时

a university 一所大学 an animal 一种动物

an old teacher 一位老教师 a new airport 一个新机场

university中的u读作/ju/,以半元音/j/开始,故其前应用a,而不用an。1.不定冠词(a,an)表示数量“一”,指人、物或事情。

There are four seasons in a year.一年有四个季节。

There's a girl in the children's garden.儿童乐园里有一个女孩。

What does Tom's father do?He's an engineer.汤姆的父亲做什么工作?他是名工程师。2.当第一次提及某人或某物,非特指时,用不定冠词“a”或“an”。

Take an umbrella.It's raining.带把伞,下雨了。

I want to ask a question.我要提个问题。

I'm going to buy a cup of coffee and a cake.我去买杯咖啡和一块蛋糕。3.a或an表示同一类人或物,一般不译出来。

A horse has four legs.马有四条腿。

Football is a game.足球是种游戏。

An owl can see in the dark.猫头鹰在黑暗中能看到东西。

A teacher works in a school.教师在学校工作。4.a或an用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”的意思。

twice a day 每天两次 5 yuan a kilo 五元一千克

He goes to the swimming club twice a week.他每周两次去游泳俱乐部。5.如果形容词修饰名词时,冠词要放在形容词的前面,用“a”或“an”取决于形容词的读音。

anorange 一只橘子 a big orange 一只大橘子

a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书

anisland 一个岛 a small island 一个小岛Tips:

1.物质名词如coffee,tea,rain,snow,wind,fog,fruit等,在表示“一种(一杯,一场)的意思时,常加不定冠词。

I would like a coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。

There was a heavy rain yesterday.昨天下了一场大雨。

2.有些固定搭配必须记住的。

have a toothache 牙疼 have a walk 散步

have a rest 休息 have a lesson 上课

have a look 看一看 have a good time 过得愉快

have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧

have a party 有个聚会 have a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡

take a bath 洗澡 make a plan 制订计划

make a face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生

make an effort 努力 make a mistake 犯错误

a little 一点,一些 a lot of 许多

3.有些与时间和方式有关的词语

after a time 一段时间之后 after a while 一会儿后

half an hour 半个小时 with a smile 微笑着

in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 总之

in a loud voice 大声地 as a rule 通常Exercises

2.1 Write “a” or “an” (在空格内填入a或an)

1.____ old city 2.____ airport 3.____ hour

4.____ honest boy 5.____ knife 6.____ island

7.____ apple pie 8.____ student 9.____ actor

10.____ umbrella 11.____ tall man 12.____ good idea

2.2 Read and complete (完成下列句子) musical instrument flower vegetable river

supermarket class party famous painter fruit bicycle

1.A parrot is  a bird  .

2.An orange is ________.

3.A rose is ________.

4.I can't ride ________.

5.Mary works in ________.

6.A piano is ________.

7.On Children's Day they are going to have________.

8.Picasso was ________.二、定冠词

定冠词the用在名词前面,表示特指某些人或某些事,不能单独使用。the在元音因素开头的单词前读作[ðΙ],在辅音因素开头的单词前读作[ðə]。1.定冠词the用在名词前面,特指某(些)人或事物

The girl in blue is my sister.穿蓝色衣服的女孩是我妹妹。

The children come out of school at four o'clock.那些孩子四点走出学校。

Please open the window.请打开窗子。(双方都明白指哪扇窗)2.定冠词the用在名词前面,表示前面提到过的人或事物。

I have a bag.The bag is in the desk.我有一只书包。书包在课桌内。

There is an apple tree in our garden.Under the apple tree there is a chair.院子里有棵苹果树,苹果树下有把椅子。3.定冠词the用于独一无二的事物前,如:the sun,the moon,the world,the sea,the country。

The chick is looking for the sun for her dad.小鸡为她的父亲寻找太阳。

I can see the moon in the sky.我能看到空中的月亮。

Peter lives in the country.皮特住在农村。4.表示地点、方向和时间

My grandparents live in the country.我的祖父母住在农村。

在表示季节的名词前不用冠词。in spring 在春天 in winter 在冬天

但如果指具体某年的某个季节,需要冠词。如in the winter of the year 2017在2017年的冬天5.定冠词the用于乐器名称前

Langlang can play the piano very well.郎朗钢琴弹得很好。

My English teacher can play the violin.我的英语老师能拉小提琴。6.用于姓氏的复数前,表示一家人

The Browns all live in Shanghai.布朗一家全住在上海。7.用于某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团队等专有名词前。

the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

the UK 英国 the UN 联合国

the USA 美国 the WTO 世界贸易组织

the West Lake 西湖 the Palace Museum 故宫博物馆

the Summer Palace 颐和园 the Great Wall 长城8.用在序数词和形容词最高级前

the first 第一 the second 第二

the best 最好9.常用定冠词的习惯短语

all the time 一直 at the age of 在……岁时

at the same time 同时 at the beginning/end of 在……开始/结束时

in the morning 在上午 the next day 第二天

in the middle of 在……的中间 at the foot of 在……脚下

in the sky 在天空中 on the way to 在去……的路上

by the way 顺便问一下 just the same 完全一样

with the help of 在……的帮助下 tell the truth 说实话

make the bed 整理床铺 go to the cinema 去看电影Tips:

1.三餐、球类、棋牌类运动前不用定冠词

have breakfast 吃早餐 have supper 吃晚餐

play football 踢足球 play basketball 打篮球

play chess 下象棋 play bridge 打桥牌

但是:I have a basketball.The basketball is new.我有一个篮球,球是新的。

2.节日、假日、星期几、月份、季节等名词前,不用定冠词

Children's Day is coming soon.儿童节快到了。

Spring is the best season in Shanghai.春季是上海最好的季节。

3.其他不带冠词的词组

at night 在晚上 at noon 在中午

at home 在家里 at table 在吃饭

after school 放学后 at first 开始

at last 最终 ask for trouble 自找麻烦

ask for help 寻求帮助 by bike 骑自行车

by bus (train,plane)乘公共汽车(火车、飞机)

catch fire 着火 for example 例如

go to school 上学 in hospital 住院

in surprise 惊讶 in time 及时

in danger 在危险中 in fact 事实上

in trouble 处于麻烦中 on foot 步行

watch television 看电视 last month 上个月

last week 上周 next year 明年Exercises

2.3 Put in “a”,“an”,“the” or “/” (在需要的地方填入a,an,the或/)

1.Turn off ____ light and close ____ door.

2.Where's Dad?In ____ kitchen.

3.It's ____ nice morning.Let's go for ____ walk.

4.Beijing is ____ capital of China.

5.Is there ____ bookshop near your home?

6.Paul can play ____ piano.

7.Write your name at ____ top of the page.

8.Jack usually goes to ____ bed at ten o'clock.

9.I'm going to buy ____ hat and ____ umbrella.

10.Let's play ____ football after school.

2.4 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences (看图完成下列句子)

1.The sun is shining.

2.It's seven in the morning.They are having ________.

3.He is going to ________ in the morning.

4.The boy is flying ________.

5.They are watching ________.

6.The boy ________________.Unit3 代词

代词是就是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子结构的词。使用代词可以使句子变得简洁、明了。英语中的代词按其意义、特征和句子中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词等。本书着重介绍前六类代词。一、人称代词

人称代词是用来代替前面提到过的人、物的名称的词。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。(一)人称代词代替“人”1.人称代词一览表2.人称代词在句子中的位置续表(二)人称代词代替“物”,也有主格和宾格之分

it作人称代词时,一般情况下可表示人以外的动物或事物,译为“它”。

1.Look at the dog under the chair.It's looking at the girl.看椅子下的那只狗,它一直看着那位女孩。 (it指前面句子中的 dog)

2.Mary has a bowl of soup.She likes it.玛丽喝了一碗汤。她喜欢喝汤。(it指前面句中提到的a bowl of soup)

3.The children are making a snowman.They are happy.孩子们在堆雪人,他们很高兴。(they指前面句子中提到的the children)

4.I don't want these books.You can have them.这些书我不要了,你可以拿去。(them指前一句提到的these books)Tips:

1.在介词for,to,with,at等后面用me/us/her/him/them。

This book is for you.这本书是给你的。

Would you go the teachers' office with me?你和我一起去老师办公室好吗?

We are going to the museum.Do you want to go with us?我们要去博物馆,你想和我们一起去吗?

2.在英语中如果出现多个人称代词,单数并列为you,he/she (him/her)and I (me);you and I(me);复数并列为we(us),you and they (them).

He and I are good fridends.他和我是好朋友。

You,she and I all enjoy music.你、她和我都喜欢音乐。

3.it用作无人称的主语,不具体指物,而表示天气、季节、时间、距离等,it 没有实际意思。

What time is it now?现在几点了?(指时间)

Is it going to be snowy tomorrow?明天会下雪吗?(指天气)Exercises

3.1 Read and choose (请用me/you/him/her/us/it/them填空)

1.I don't know that girl.Do you know ____?

2.I don't know that little boy.Do you know ____?

3.This is my new bike.Do you like ____?

4.—Will you go alone?

—No,my friend will go with ____.

5.Where are the books?I can't find ____.

6.I know the new teacher.Does the new teacher know ____?

7.I don't know Jill's parents.Do you know ____?

8.You know the film star.But the film star doesn't know ____.

3.2 Read and complete (完成下列句子)

1.This picture is very nice.I like ____.

2.I don't eat potatoes.I don't like ____.

3.The dog is very clever.I like ____.

4.Tom goes to school on foot every morning.____ puts the books in the bag.

5.Look!There's a seesaw.Let ____ play together.

6.I'm talking to you.Please listen to ____.

7.I want to see the students but they don't want to see ____.

8.Today is Father's Day.This present is for ____.二、物主代词

物主代词是表示所属关系的代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。(一)形容词性物主代词

形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,不能单独使用,后面一定要跟名词,作定语。

I➡my I love  my mother.

you➡your  You love your mother.

he➡his  He loves his daughter.

she➡her  She loves her father.

we➡our  We love our school.

they➡their  They love their parents.(二)名词性物主代词

相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,以避免重复。

It's my book.  It's mine.

They are our books.  They are ours.

It's his book.  It's his.

It's her book.  It's hers.

They are your books.  They are yours.

They are their books.  They are theirs.Tips:

1.a friend of mine/his/yours 我的/他的/你的一个朋友

2.Whose book is this?It's his/mine.这是谁的书?是他的/我的。Exercises

3.3 Complete the sentences (请用“mine,his,hers,yours,ours”等完成句子)

1.This is my bag.This bag is ____.

2.This is her guitar.This guitar is ____.

3.It's our classroom.It's ____.

4.It's his hat.It's ____.

5.It's their car.It's ____.

6.They are your books.They are ____.

7.They are their cups.They are ____.

8.They are our flowers.They are ____.

3.4 Choose the right words (选择合适的词填空)

1.This is a nice hat.Is it ____?(your,yours)

2.I like playing football.It's ____ (my,mine)favorite sport.

3.Whose pencil box is this?Is it ____ (your,yours)?

4.Is this ____ (your,yours)umbrella?

No,it's ____ (his,her).____ (my,mine)is red.

5.Whose cake is this?It's ____.(my,mine)

6.Whose gloves are these?They are ____.(her,hers)

7.Tom is a friend of ____.(my,mine)

8.We ride our bicycles and they ride ____.(their,theirs)

9.Jill has a brother and a sister.____ (Her,Hers)brother is seven and ____ (her,hers)sister is five.

10.This is a beautiful plant.____ leaves are colorful.(It,Its)三、反身代词

表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”、“他们自己”等的一类代词,叫作反身代词。反身代词的主要形式如下:

I looked at myself in the mirror.我看着镜子里的自己。

They had a good time.They enjoyed themselves.他们度过了一段快乐的时间,他们玩得很开心。

Please help yourself.请自便。(对方是一个人)

Please help yourselves.请自便。(对方是二个或两个以上的人)

I usually go to school by myself.我通常自己去上学。

John went to the movies by himself. 约翰独自去看电影。Tips:

含oneself的固定短语:

by oneself 独自地,单独地 come to oneself 恢复知觉

enjoy oneself 玩得很快乐 dress oneself 自己穿衣

help oneself to 随便吃(招待客人用语)

speak to oneself 自言自语

teach oneself 自学 lose oneself 迷路Exercises

3.5 Think and complete (请用myself,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,ourselves,themselves等填空)

1.You should take care of ____.

2.The knife is sharp.Be careful.Don't hurt ____.

3.Help ____,Amy.

4.Jill cooked breakfast ____.

5.Bill goes to school by ____.

6.We had a good time.We enjoyed ____.

7.Children,you should do the homework ____.

8.They painted the room by ____.

3.6 Read and complete (朗读句子,填入适当的单词)

1.Do you know that tall boy?Yes,I know ____.

2.Is this your umbrella?Yes,it's ____.

3.What is ____ father,Tim?____ is a taxi driver.

4.Where are my keys?I can't find ____.

5.I go to school by ____.

6.They made a robot.They enjoyed ____.

7.Thanks for teaching ____ English.

8.____ love ice cream.____ tastes good.四、指示代词

指示代词是表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”“那些”等指人或事物的代词。有this,that,these,those.“this,that”指代或修饰单数名词,“these,those”指代或修饰复数名词。(一)指示代词有单数和复数两种形式。

this/that是单数,后面接动词的单数形式。

This is a picture.This picture is nice.这是图片,这张图片很漂亮。

That is a school.That school is very big.那是学校,那所学校很大。

Did you know that?那个你知道吗?

these/those是复数,后面接动词的复数形式。

These are apples.These red apples are sweet.这些是苹果。这些红苹果是甜的。

Those are oranges.Those green oranges are sour.那是橘子。那些青的橘子是酸的。

指示代词this,these是指离自己比较近的人或物,that,those 是指离自己较远的人或物。

1.

2.(三)that指已经发生的事情或说过的话。

1.—I'm sorry.I'm late.抱歉,我迟到了。

—That's all right.没关系。

2.—I'm going to visit Shanghai Museum next week.我下周要去上海博物馆参观。

—That's nice!太好了!(四)This is ...(介绍用语)这是……

Hello!This is my sister.Her name is May.你好!这是我的妹妹,她叫梅。Tips:

我们在打电话时,通常用This is ...或Is that ...?

Hello,this is Tom.你好!这是汤姆。(指打电话的人)

Is that Mark's mother?你是马克的妈妈吗?(指接电话的人)Exercises

3.7 Read and complete (选择括号内的单词完成句子)

1.This bicycle is fast,but ____ bicycle is slow.(this,that)

2.____ picture is ugly,but that picture is nice.(This,That)

3.I'm sorry I'm late.____ all right.(That,That's)

4.—Tom,____ is May.—Hello,May.(This,That)

5.—____ flowers are for you.—Thank you.(This,These)

6.—Are ____ your keys?—Yes.(that,those)

7.Look at ____ shoes.I love them!(this,these)

8.—Who are ____ people?

—Sorry,I don't know.(that,those)

3.8 Think and write (看单词,写句子)

1.those cows.are Those are cows.  

2.eggs?are these duck ________

3.is his this boat. ________

4.horses.are their these ________

5.Ted's that spaceship?is ________

6.are these?what ________

7.are lambs.these little ________

8.those not goats are ours. ________五、疑问代词

疑问代词在句中用来构成特殊疑问句,主要用于询问“什么人”、“什么物”,疑问代词有who,whose,which,和what等,一般情况下是用在句首。(一)who (谁)用于对人提问,既可以指单数,也可指复数。在句中作主语

Who is that boy?He's my brother.那个男孩是谁?是我弟弟。

Who likes running?Andy likes running.谁喜欢跑步?安迪喜欢跑步。

Who lives in this house?谁住在这个房子里?

Who are playing the piano?谁在弹钢琴?

Who saw Danny?Alice saw him.谁看到丹尼了?爱丽丝看到他了。

Who's that behind the table?It's Jack.谁在桌子后面?是杰克。Tips:

疑问代词who 做主语时,动词用单数还是复数形式,要根据他们代表的数决定。如果数的概念不清,动词多采用单数形式。

Who are there on the playground?谁在操场上?(问话者和听话者都知道操场上有一些人)

Who is in the classroom now?现在谁还在教室里?(说话者和听话者可能都不知道是否有人或者有多少人)(二)Whose (谁的)对所属关系提问,其后必须跟名词。

Whose school bag is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的书包?是汤姆的。

Whose coats are these?They're our coats.那是谁的外套?那是我们的外套。

Whose birthday is it?It's my mother's.是谁的生日?是我妈妈的生日。

Whose is this new computer?It's yours.新电脑是谁的?是你的。(三)what (什么)对物或事情提问,在句中作主语1.what在句中作主语,后面不加名词

What does Danny like?He likes oranges.丹尼喜欢什么?他喜欢橘子。

试读结束[说明:试读内容隐藏了图片]

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