作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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2018年外语考研二外英语阅读理解高分特训100篇试读：
1.1 考核要求和出题形式
1．二外英语阅读理解部分考核要求
对于“二外英语”，全国各大院校自主命题，而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异，所以没有相应的考试大纲来说明其考核要求。通过分析各大院校的二外英语历年试题，可看出二外英语大致相当于大学公共英语四、六级水平，而且，二外英语历年试题中有些是出自四、六级考试的真题，有些是出自英语专业四级考试真题（大致相当于公共英语六级水平），还有些是出自考研英语真题，虽然比重不大，但从此可看出目前高校对考生二外英语的大体要求，下面根据大学英语四、六级考试大纲以及非英语专业本科生《大学英语课程教学要求》，对“二外英语”的阅读方面考核要求归纳如下：
阅读方面，要求考生既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系；既理解字面的意思，也能理解隐含的意思；既理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意；能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。选材的原则是：（1）题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化等方面，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解；（2）体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；（3）文章语言难度适中，文中无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，用汉语注明词义。
2．出题形式
①要求考生阅读若干篇短文，每篇短文后有若干个问题。考生应根据文章内容从4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
②要求考生阅读一篇短文，短文后有若干个问题。考生应根据文章内容作出简要回答。问题多种多样，既可以针对整篇文章，如概括文章主旨大意，也可以对文中的某个观点进行评论，要求简要说明理由等等。
③给出一篇文章，文中一般有5个空白处，空白处可能位于段首、段落中间、段尾，选项部分一般为7段文字，每段可能为一个句子，也可能是两三个句子。要求考生从选项中选5段文字放回到文章中相应的5个空白处。（各院校留出的空白处个数并不统一，一般选项部分要比空白处多出几个。）
1.2 解题技巧指南
1．阅读理解常见考题分析
阅读理解中，常见的考题主要有：主旨题、细节题、推断题和语义题等。每种题型对考生的能力和知识考查的侧重点都有所不同。下面就每一种题型及其解题思路进行分析讲解。
(1) 主旨题
测试考生对整篇短文主要内容、中心大意的理解。文章的主题思想就是作者通过文章所要表达的观点、感情和思想等。主题思想往往是通过文章中各部分内容及其内在联系体现出来的，通常由一个或两个句子来表达，这类题目的解题关键在于文章的第一段和最后一段。
(2) 细节题
细节题是阅读理解部分常见的题目类型，考查考生对文章中某个具体信息的理解。这类题通常是根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息。做这类题的关键先找出每道题所包含的关键词和短语，然后再回到原文中寻找到含有关键词的原句。
(3) 推理题
推理题考查的是考生根据已知信息进行判断推理、挖掘深层内涵的能力。由于这类题的答案往往在短文的字面上不会出现，因此有一定的难度。做这类题的关键在于要抓住问题中的某一个或几个关键词或短语，根据上下文推断出这些词所在的句子或句群的深刻含义。这类题就是要考生从原文中的相关信息推出原文中没有直接表达出来的含义。
解答这类题目时，通常应该注意以下几点：
①这类题型，在文字表面并没有明显反映作者的全部意图，需要从字里行间去体会作者的隐含意义，靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断，从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去理解；
②推理题的答案一般不能在原文中直接找到，但在原文中有间接的提示和线索；
③有时需要根据作者叙述的语气，以及所提供的事实和细节进行分析和推理才能找到正确答案；
④推理题中有一类判断作者态度的题目。做这类题时，不能只把注意力放在文章中所描述的事实上，而应该更加注意作者在描述某一事实时所使用的语言，如作者所使用的修饰语。这一类词最能反映出作者写作时的心态以及他深藏在语言文字后面的对某一事件的立场。
为了更好地解答这类问题，考生应注意在平时积累一些表示人的态度观点的词，比如：
褒义类: amused(愉快的)，supporting（支持的），admiring（赞赏的），optimistic（乐观的），praising（赞扬的），humorous（幽默的），enthusiastic（热情的），pleasant（愉快的），sober（冷静的），approving（满意的），positive(肯定的)；
中性类: subjective(主观的)，exaggerated(夸大的)，skeptical(怀疑的)，sympathetic(同情的)，indifferent（冷漠的），neutral（中立的），impersonal（客观的），objective（客观的），subjective（主观的），impassive（冷漠的），ambivalent（矛盾的），apathetic（无动于衷的），impartial（公平的）；
贬义类: critical(批判的)，doubtful(怀疑的)，mocking(嘲笑的)，cynical(冷嘲热讽的)，sarcastic(讽刺的)，ironic(讽刺的)，disgusted（厌恶的），depressed（沮丧的），disappointed（失望的），sentimental（伤感的），negative（消极的，否定的），suspicious（怀疑的），tolerant（容忍的），biased（有偏见的）等。
(4) 语义题
确定文章中特定词语的意义以及it，they，this，that，those等代词的指代关系。这类题测试考生在短文中理解单词和词组意义的能力。解决这类题的关键在于要先找到题干中需要解释的句子在文章中的具体位置，然后将四个选项分别代入原文，结合上下文看哪一个选项最符合文意。
解答语义分析类的题目时，绝对不能根据词语或短语本身而望文生义，必须要根据该词或短语所在的具体上下文加以分析推测。
2．阅读方法
(1) 扫读
扫读(scanning)是指以最快的速度扫视所读材料，在找到所需信息时才仔细阅读该项内容。如查找某个人名、地名、时间、地点等，也即在寻找特定信息、寻找具体事实、寻找答题所需内容时都用得着这种方法。
(2) 略读
略读(skimming)是指选择性地阅读。通常的阅读要求看到每一个词，每次注目看1-2个词。而略读对眼睛跳动的频率和幅度的要求较高，不需要看清每一个词，有时甚至从上一行跳到下一行。略读不可能全部了解文章内容，但是能大大地提高阅读速度，也能获得大量的信息。略读的主要作用是了解文章的大意。经过略读之后，考生对所读内容已经有了大致的了解，再仔细阅读，这时的印象会更深刻，理解更透彻。略读的关键是增加眼跳的幅度，高度集中注意力，努力捕捉那些能引起注意或者你认为重要的内容。
(3) 研读
研读（study reading）就是指仔细阅读，通过这种阅读可以对文章有透彻深刻的理解。根据考题，运用上下文、逻辑关系、背景知识进行判断和推论。对难句的理解和推理以及一些事实性细节题需要用这种方法。
3．阅读考试解题技巧
(1) 浏览试题明确目标
在阅读文章之前，最好首先浏览一遍试题、选项，确定题目的类型（比如说是主旨题还是细节题）。然后，再带着问题读原文，这样有目的地去阅读文章，有助于更快地找到所需要的信息。
(2) 找出段落的中心思想
任何阅读材料都有其大意。非小说体的阅读材料通常有比较明显的大意，其结构也比较清楚。文章的开头部分(introduction)一般会比较明确地指出文章的中心思想。文章主体部分的每一段也有主题句，通常在段首或段尾。文章的结尾还要对全文作一个总的概括。文章的各个段落都是为表达主旨服务的，所以只有对文章主旨有了了解，做起任何题型就都不会偏离主题。
(3) 如何解决生词问题
提高阅读速度的一个重要内容是扩大词汇量。词汇量决定了你的阅读理解能力，词汇量越大，你阅读得越广，视野就越开阔，你阅读理解的得分就可能越高。
但阅读过程中不可避免地要遇到生词。遇到生词最好的解决方法是通过上下文猜测。以下几条建议可帮助你猜测词义：
◆ 利用文章中词与词的同义或者反义关系猜测词义；
例如：In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry.
显然，冬天和夏天的气候是截然相反的，它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。“cold”与“hot”对应，“humid”与“dry”对应。因此，“humid”是“潮湿”意思。
◆ 通过文章中对词的定义猜测词义；
例如：Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.“florist”的意思就是其后定语从句“who keeps a shop for selling flowers”所描述的“拥有一家专门卖花的商店的人”，即“花店主”。
◆ 通过文章中对词的解释和举例猜测词义；
例如：Today young couples who are just starting their households of ten spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color TVs.
通过所举的例子（washing machines ,refrigerators and color TVs）可以看出，“appliances”应是这些名词的总称，即“家用电器”。
◆ 通过构词法知识（前缀和后缀）猜测词义。
例如：They overestimate the interviewee’s ability and asked him many difficult questions.“estimate”是“估计”的意思，“over-”前缀意为“过分，过度，超过”等，因此“overestimate”就是“高估”的意思。
(4) 利用篇章连接词
篇章连接词是指在文章中用来说明上下句或前后句两个意思之间关系的词或词组。连接词一般用于以下几种情况：
☉连接词通常用于开篇，引出扩展句；
☉连接词也可用于句中，尤其是用于较长的复杂句子中，以作为上下文的连接纽带；
☉连接词还可以用于文章结尾处或者段末，用于总结上文或结束本段内容。
在阅读过程中，如果我们能够利用这些连接词，便能快速理清文章的思路，这就在一定程度上提高了英语的阅读效率。
常见的连接词通常可以用来表示以下几种关系：
◆表示平行或递进关系
and, also, as well(as),at the same time, besides, both...and...,further more, in addition(to),likewise, moreover, similarly, worse still等。
在阅读过程中，当看到其中的任何一个连接词时，应该想到：下文将出现与前边差不多的、同类性质的内容，或是对前面内容的进一步阐述。
◆表示转折关系
although, but, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, otherwise, to the opposite, while, yet等。
这些词表明作者正在向读者发出一种信号，下文所述的将是一种全新的或是相反的内容、见解和观点，需要引起读者的格外注意。在阅读过程中，当碰到其中任何一个表示转折关系的连接词时，应该放慢阅读速度，多留心下文在意义上的变化。
◆表示目的或因果关系：
as, as a result, because (of), consequently, due to, for, now that, since, so, so...that..., such...that..., therefore, thus等。
在阅读过程中，这些连接词也是帮助读者理解作者行文思路的有用信号。
◆表示层次、顺序关系
after (that), another, before, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), at last, finally, later on, next, then, on the one hand..., on the other hand等。
抓住这些连接词，读者能快速地把握作者的行文思路。比如：first, second, third, finally等词，表明了一种顺序，读者能通过它们迅速从大体上理清文章的脉络。
◆表示列举关系
for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as等。
在阅读过程中，当碰到其中任何一个时，应该明白，作者在下文将举出一个类似情形的事例。而往往这些事例都是为前面的陈述做进一步解释或论证的。
◆表示归纳、总结
as a result, briefly, in a word, in brief, in short, on the whole, to sum up等。
作者通过这些连接词给读者一种暗示，下面的内容将是对前面所述内容的概括或总结。
掌握了这些连接词的使用特点，将有助于读者对全文脉络有个清晰的把握，对提高阅读速度和效率都有很大的帮助。
第2章 阅读理解高分特训100篇
本部分精选的100篇阅读理解按照“二外英语”常考的题型，分为：常规多项选择题型、根据文章回答问题、用给出的句子补全文章。
2.1 多项选择
◇文学传记类
Passage 1 题材：文学传记类 字数：416
He is fearless, altruistic, steel-willed, hospitable, unbelievably hardy, unpretentious and warm—and he has lost none of these qualities since becoming Russia’s president.
It is a scrupulously unbiased snapshot of Vladimir Putin if you believe the author of the first volume of a Kremlin-backed trilogy on Putin’s life, written in the unmistakable style the Soviets once reserved for Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin.“I do not think it is a eulogy. I simply conveyed what people (who met Putin) said,” Oleg Blotsky told a news conference on Monday as he posed for photos with his “Vladimir Putin”.
The book, complete with a genealogical tree back to the beginning of the 18th century and a chapter dedicated to Putin’s ancestors, spans from his birth to the start of his career as a KGB spy.
Putin contributed to the work with extensive interviews to Blotsky. The result is a selection of memories by Putin’s friends and acquaintances who hold nothing but the warmest recollections of him. The only person in the book who does not heap praise on the president is Putin himself, who is characteristically humble.
Praise bestowed on the Kremlin leader ranges from young judoist Putin fighting “like a snow leopard” to many years later his being visibly moved when decorated war veterans in the Kremlin stood up in salute as he entered the hall.
It opens with the Kremlin generously answering an old woman’s plea—addressed in a letter to “V. V. Putin, the Kremlin, Moscow”—to help erect a decent tombstone on the grave of Putin’s first teacher.
One account portrays Putin as a man who would stop at nothing to win a fight. “He would scratch, bite, snatch tufts of hair, do anything to avoid being humiliated in any way,” an old friend said. But young Putin is also an ordinary boy, frightened by a looming visit to the dentist.
The book is written in simple easy-to-read Russian.
Blotsky said neither Putin nor any other Kremlin official ever sought to censor his work or steer it in a specific direction. Putin only read the book when it hit shop shelves last week, he said.
The book’s first run of 15,000 copies was selling well in Moscow shops and China, Bulgaria and Slovenia have shown an interest in issuing a translation, the publisher said.
Blotsky, who said he was a converted Putinist after his audiences with the president, said he was already working on the second volume of his series “Vladimir Putin: Rise to Power”.
1. What do we know about Lenin’s biography according to the second paragraph?
[A] It was the first perfect biography without mistakes in Soviet history.
[B] It was written in the form of a scrupulously unbiased snapshot.
[C] It was written by the same author of Putin’s biography.
[D] It was a voluminous Kremlin-backed biography.
2. Oleg Blotsky doesn’t want others to regard the biography as ______.
[A] a praise of Putin
[B] public opinions
[C] his personal understanding of Putin
[D] an imitation of Lenin’s biography
3. Putin was deeply touched by the war veterans when ______.
[A] they sang high praise of him
[B] he recalled their heroic deeds
[C] they saluted him with respect
[D] he decorated them in the Kremlin
4. How did Putin react to the plea of erecting a decent tombstone on the grave of his first teacher?
[A] He delegated the task to one of his subordinates.
[B] He helped erect the tombstone accordingly and willingly.
[C] He not only erected the tombstone but also rebuilt the grave.
[D] He went to visit the grave before promising to erect the tombstone.
5. How was Blotsky influenced by Putin?
[A] He decided to write the biography because he was a Putinist.
[B] He was sure that the readers would be converted to Putinists.
[C] His interviews with Putin made him adore Putin very much.
[D] His interviews with Putin eliminated his doubts about Putin.
1.B 由第二段可知列宁传记是以the unmistakable style写成的，普京传记在写作上也使用了the unmistakable style，根据上下文推断可知这种unmistakable style指的是该段开头提到的a scrupulously unbiased snapshot. 所以B项正确。
2.A 本题问的是Oleg Blotsky不想让大家把普京传记看做什么，第三段作者指出他不想这本传记被当作eulogy，eulogy一词意为“赞词”，也就是说作者不想这个传记被当做是为普京唱颂歌，所以本题答案为A。
3.C 原文第六段末尾“his being visibly moved when decorated war veterans in the Kremlin stood up in salute as he entered the hall.”提到老兵看到普京的时候都站起来向他致敬，他被这一幕所感动。所以C为正确选项。
4.B 根据第七段开头“It opens with the Kremlin generously answering”中的generously一词可知普京在收到来信后慷慨地给予了帮助，故本题的正确答案为B。
5.C 最后一段开头提到Blotsky在与普京多次会面后就成为了一个converted Putinist 即“改变了信仰，成了普京的支持者”，即Blotsky在与普京多次会面后渐渐崇拜起普京来，所以C为正确选项。『词汇词组』
·altruistic adj. 利他的；无私心的
·scrupulous adj. 小心谨慎的；细心的
·eulogy n. 赞词，颂词；歌功颂德的话
·snatch v. 攫取
n. 攫取
·unpretentious adj. 不骄傲的；谦逊的
·snapshot n. 快照；急射；简单印象
·salute n. (尤指军队等之)举手礼；升降旗致敬；敬礼
v. 行礼致敬；敬礼
Passage 2 题材：文学传记类 字数：428
In a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects, Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellow with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the Professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner.
During the summer, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It was more like a child of our own than a wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference.
It was still a young wasp when we got it and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was female, we decided to call it Miriam.
One evening I had been working late in my laboratory fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a line of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all the larvae worth knowing in North American. The cards went everywhere.
I was too tired to stop to pick them that night. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. “Maybe Miriam will pick them up”, I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for one moment that such would be the case.
When I came down the next morning Miriam was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had buzzed about all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew’ practically nothing on larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had left them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to tackle, and discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep.
1. Professor Bouvier most probably agrees that ______.
[A] insects’ reasoning power has nothing to do with intelligence
[B] wasps can only behave in an instinctive manner
[C] wasps are different from other winged creatures
[D] the issue of insects’ intelligence needs further research
2. The author took the wasp Miriam to his cottage because ______.
[A] Miriam was treated like a child
[B] Miriam was the pet of the family
[C] the author was studying insects for his doctoral thesis
[D] the author wanted to prove that insects have intelligence
3. When the card index scattered on the floor, the author ______.
[A] decided to pick them up the next morning
[B] believed Miriam would pick them up
[C] didn’t understand why Miriam flew about over the cards
[D] found it ridiculous that Miriam would pick them up
4. By saying “And well she might have been” (Para. 6), the author thinks that Miriam was ______.
[A] exhausted
[B] intelligent
[C] energetic
[D] depressed
5. Which of the following statements was based on facts rather than on the author’s pure thinking?
[A] Miriam cried herself to sleep.
[B] Miriam had buzzed about all night.
[C] Miriam could only tell wasp larvae.
[D] Miriam had left the cards on the floor.
1.B 根据文章开头两句”...not to credit the little winged fellow with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner…”可知Professor Bouvier认为昆虫的行为都不是出于intelligence(智力)，而只出于 reacting(反应)，也就是说他认为昆虫的行为只出于本能与”智慧”无关，所以本题的正确答案为B。
2.C 本题问的是作者为什么把黄蜂Miriam带回小屋里，第二段首句第一次提到黄蜂Miriam，该句提到”...while I was at work on my doctoral thesis,…”即作者当时正在写博士论文，结合下文各段落中出现的laboratory，chemical，larvae等词可以推断作者是一个昆虫学家，把这些点结合起来推断可知作者把Miriam带回家是因为他的研究与昆虫有关，故C为本题正确选项。
3.A 根据题干关键词the card index scattered on the floor可将本题的答案定位的到第五段第一句”I was too tired to stop to pick them that night.”根据第四段最后一句可知them指的就是那些卡片，即作者那晚因为太累不想捡卡片，由此可推断他决定第二天再捡卡片，故A为本题正确选项。
4.A 本题题干And well she might have been出自第六段第二句，该句是一个省略句，省略了have been后的表语成分，结合第六段第一句”When I came down the next morning Miriam was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out.”可知本句省略的就是tired out，也就是说作者认为Miriam一定累坏了，exhausted与 tired out意思相近，故A为本题正确选项。
5.D 本题问的是哪一选项是事实而不仅仅是作者的想法，虽然第一段提到作者想要借用Miriam说明昆虫具有intelligence（智慧），但根据最后一段的描述可知，到底Miriam整晚围着卡片盘旋是不是真的试图想办法捡起卡片都只是作者的猜想而已并不能确定是不是事实，唯一可以确定的是卡片还在地上，可见本题应选D。『词汇词组』
·entitle v. 给…权利(或资格)；给…题名；给…称号；授权
·wasp n. 黄蜂
·confront v. 使面临；对抗
·larvae adj. 幼虫的；幼虫状态的
·fool around闲荡；游手好闲；干无用的事
·tired out十分疲劳，非常疲倦
Passage 3 题材：文学传记类 字数：417
Twenty years ago, a tall young woman with a shy smile flubbed her lines before millions of people and became a superstar. On July 29, 1981, Lady Diana Spencer took “Philip Charles Arthur George”—she mangled the order of Prince Charles’ names during her vows—as her lawful wedded husband and entered a family hidebound by practices no outsider could fathom.
Diana, with her photogenic good looks, her sympathetic gestures and an air of vulnerability, seemed much more relaxed than the other royals, and much more accessible. She instantly clicked with the public, who couldn’t get enough of her.
Newspaper editors found the public was eager to lap up articles about Diana, her clothes, her style, her public engagements, how she was raising her two young sons. The ‘80s, says Houston, were “the Decade of Diana.”
Then, in June 1992, the carefully constructed facade imploded with the publication of Andrew Morton’s Diana: Her True Story. The book—written with Diana’s cooperation—exposed the princess’s battles with bulimia and depression, and reviled Charles as an unfaithful husband.
The revelations of Charles’ relationship with a married woman, Camilla Parker Bowles, sent the Prince of Wales’ popularity plummeting. But the revelations of Diana’s problems did not decrease the public’s affection for her. It only increased their appetite to know more.
The tabloid fodder kept coming: There was the royal separation, the two camps’ attempts to woo the public, the televised admissions by both Charles and Diana of adultery. After the divorce became final, in1996, the media continued to follow Diana’s every move. And then, on Aug.31, 1997, came the car crash in a Paris tunnel that claimed her life.
The massive outpouring of public grief made the Windsors sit up and take notice. “The amazing eruption of emotion over her death got through to them that their world has had to change,” says Houston.
The person who really got the message was Prince Charles, who witnessed not only the public reaction but the grief of his own sons, William and Harry.“One of the great discussions, especially since Diana’s death, is, how does the House of Windsor modernize itself?” says Houston. “They certainly learned the lessons from the decade of Diana in terms of accessibility, discarding some of the more pompous aspects of formality.”
He says, “One of the greatest challenges the royal family faces is to overcome the apathy, however, the future looks bright for the royals. I think they’ve got a trump card in William.”
1. By saying that Diana “flubbed her lines”, the author means that ______.
[A] she had a perfect wedding
[B] she made a slip of tongue at the wedding
[C] she sang a song at the wedding
[D] she gave a moving promise at the wedding
2. The public found that Diana was ______ than the other royals.
[A] more graceful
[B] more kind-hearted
[C] less forbidding
[D] less sensitive
3. What influence has been brought by the publication of Diana: Her True Story?
[A] It brought an end to “the Decade of Diana.”
[B] It put Diana through bulimia and depression.
[C] The public’s love for Charles diminished.
[D] The public poured criticism on Charles.
4. The whole event made Charles realize that ______.
[A] his two sons were greatly grieved
[B] the public need to be appeased
[C] his selfishness had hurt almost everyone
[D] the royal family ought to modernize
5.According to Houston, the decade of Diana had taught the royals to be more ______.
[A] accessible
[B] pompous
[C] apathetic
[D] changeable
1.B 根据第一段第二句中破折号里的内容“she mangled the order of Prince Charles’ names during her vows”可知Diana在婚礼上念错了新郎名字的顺序，由此可以推断flubbed her lines应该是指“说错话”，B项符合题意。
2.C 第二段首句对比描述了Diana和其他皇室成员，其中提到Diana显得更relaxed（放松），更 accessible（易亲近），C项与more accessible意思相近，所以本题答案为C。
3.C 根据第五段第二句开头的but可以推断第l句中的plummet和第二句中的decrease应该是同义词，第一句指出《黛安娜：真实的故事》出版后，Charles的受欢迎程度下降了，即公众对他的爱戴程度降低了所以本题的正确答案为C。
4.D 由第八段开头的“The person who really got the message was Prince Charles”, 可知“真正明白这一点的人是查尔斯王子”。而“这一点”则是指上一段提到的“他们的世界该改变了”，在第九段中提到了该如何改变，D选项就是第九段提到的内容之一 所以本题的正确答案为D。
5.A 由倒数第二段第二句They certainly learned the lessons from the decade of Diana in terms of accessibility可知Houston认为皇室可以从戴安娜身上学到的东西是accessibility，A项accessible是accessibility的形容词形式与其核心内容相同，故A为本题正确答案。『词汇词组』
·flub v. 搞坏；做得不好；弄糟
n. 失策
·hidebound adj. 营养不良的；量小的；死板的
·vulnerability n. 弱点；攻击
·bulimia n. 易饿病
·adultery n. 通奸；通奸行为
·trump n. 王牌；法宝；喇叭
v. 打出王牌赢；胜过
·mangle v. 乱砍；撕裂；毁损；损坏；轧布
n. (洗衣用的)轧干机, 熨平机
·fathom n. 长度单位(6英尺)
v. 测量深度；看穿；彻底了解
·facade n. 正面
·tabloid n. 小报；药片
·fodder n. 饲料，草料；(创作的)素材；弹药 v.喂
·lap up欣然接受；舔食
Passage 4 题材：文学传记类 字数：400
Why does storytelling endure across time and cultures? Perhaps the answer lies in our evolutionary roots. A study of the way that people respond to Victorian literature hints that novels act as a social glue, reinforcing the types of behavior that benefit society.
Literature “could continually condition society so that we fight against base impulses and work in a cooperative way”, says Jonathan Gottschall of Washington and Jefferson College, Pennsylvania. He and co-author Joseph Carroll at the University of Missouri, St Louis, study how Darwin’s theories of evolution apply to literature. Along with John Johnson, an evolutionary psychologist at Pennsylvania State University in DuBois, the researchers asked 500 people to fill in a questionnaire about 200 classic Victorian novels. The respondents were asked to define characters as protagonists or antagonists, and then to describe their personality and motives, such as whether they were conscientious or power-hungry.
The team found that the characters fell into groups that mirrored the egalitarian dynamics of a society in which individual dominance is suppressed for the greater good (Evolutionary Psychology, vol. 4, p 716). Protagonists, such as Elizabeth Bennett in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, for example, scored highly on conscientiousness and nurturing, while antagonists like Brain Stoker’s Count Dracula scored highly on status-seeking and social dominance. In the novels, dominant behavior is “powerfully stigmatized”, says Gottsehall. “Bad guys and girls are just dominance machines; they are obsessed with getting ahead; they rarely have pro-social behaviors.”
While few in today’s world live in such societies, “the political dynamic at work in these novels, the basic opposition between communitarianism and dominant behavior, is a universal theme”, says Carroll. Christopher Boehm, a cultural anthropologist whose work Carroll acknowledges as an important influence on the study, agrees. “Modern democracies, with their formal checks and balances, are carrying forward an egalitarian ideal.”
A few characters were judged to be both good and bad, such as
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