作者：白洁
出版社：中国人民大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
2015年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试综合辅导试读：
前言
2002年10月，国务院学位办公室首次对在职攻读硕士学位入学英语考试实行全国联考。联考规范和统一了测试标准，进一步体现了考试的科学性、权威性和公正性。
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试是以选拔人才为目的的水平考试。其主要特征是命题时不依据某一教材，而是以国务院学位办公室制定的考试大纲为依据，这无疑增加了考生备考的难度。在此情况下，选择行之有效的复习用书便成为考试成功与否的关键。本书正是为了满足广大考生这一急切需要应运而生。作者力图以考纲为准，以考试为本，从在职考生这一特定群体的现实英语水平出发，根据多年辅导考试的经验和对考题的分析，本着淬砺基本功、提炼重点和难点的精神，编写了这本综合性辅导用书。本书自2002年出版以来，受到了考生的普遍欢迎和肯定，一版再版。
本书的特色如下：
1.吃透考纲要求，分析考查要点。对于在职联考考卷的试题类型，本书分为六个部分来讲，每部分都对考试范围、考查要点和难点进行了深入的分析，并对比同类难度相当的英语考试，指出了异同之处，使考生知己知彼，复习更有针对性。
2.循序渐进、由浅入深地讲解重要知识点。在职考生毕业多年，平时使用英语的机会较少，但他们的社会阅历丰富，具有较强的理解能力。鉴于这种情况，我们按照成人学习的特点，对重要知识点进行了深入浅出的讲解。如语法词汇部分系统归纳了重要考点；阅读部分从词汇与阅读入手详细介绍了阅读理解所需要的知识和技能；为了使考生准确理解原文，完形填空部分还提供了文章大意；翻译和写作部分在概括重点的基础上还进行了拓展性讲解，从而使考生打牢基础、把握重点、灵活运用、全面提高。
3.总结归纳答题思路，掌握应试技巧。在巩固加深语言基础知识的前提下，本书还归纳了各种题型的答题思路和方法，总结了命题特点和规律，概括了解题要领和技巧，力图使考生在较短的时间内掌握实战策略，加强应试能力。
4.注重讲练结合，在实践中提高。本书在有目的、有重点地讲解知识点的同时，还严格按照考题难度要求，精心设计了大量练习，从选材范围和渠道、题目设置角度等方面，力求与真题一致。除了答案以外，还配有比较详细的题解，考生可通过对答案的分析讲解进一步巩固所复习的知识点，进而达到从感性到理性的飞跃，边学边练，在练中理解知识点，在练中体会技巧的应用，通过反复实践最终提高语言综合运用的能力。此外，书中的最后两部分还提供了两套完整的模拟题及解析，希望考生通过套题模拟的方式获得临场实战的体验，并全面检验自己的复习效果，总结经验教训，以利于进一步提高。
本书由中国人民大学外语学院白洁主编，王珠英、张玉荣为副主编，参加编写的人员还有韩满玲、李慧明等同志。编写者都是多年从事外语教学并具有丰富的考试辅导经验的专家，对命题的重点、难点把握得十分准确到位，对考生的弱点非常熟悉，书中许多精华内容就是编写者亲身的教学体会和经验的总结。协助本书编写工作的还有赵伟华、白韵革同志。在此我们要特别感谢为本书策划出版做了大量工作的中国人民大学出版社的马胜利和李天英、李国庆同志。
限于水平和时间，书中疏漏在所难免，敬请广大读者批评指正。编者第一部分口语交际第一章 口语交际考纲要求及应试指导
新版的《在职联考英语考试大纲》在题型、各项分值、词汇量的要求等方面都与过去的大纲有所不同。其中最大的变动当属第一部分，由对听力理解能力的测试改为对口语交际能力的测试，要求考生对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语会话，能理解会话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含义，并能恰当地进行口语交流；同时，能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。
以书面形式进行的口语交际测试与原来的听力理解测试没有本质的区别，两者都是以对话的形式出现，都属于客观性试题，要求考生从已编排好的四个选择项中选出正确答案。从选材的原则看，听力理解中的对话和口语交际的对话都是日常生活或交际场合中的一般对话，需要掌握的词汇也基本相同，属于日常生活中的常用词汇，句子结构和内容也不太复杂，都要求考生把握交谈双方的思路、态度，判断对话的内在含义，领会说话人的真实意图。由于对口语交际能力的测试是以书面的形式进行，考生不必担心对朗读者的语速不适应、对语流中的词句听不懂等问题。因此，这种形式的测试相对要比听力理解测试对考生更为有利，但这并不等于说考生在第一部分就一定能取得高分。长期以来，受应试教育的影响，考生在中学和大学的英语学习过程中接受的是语言知识方面的训练，各种大小考试考查的也是语言基本知识的掌握和运用能力，在口语交际能力的训练上明显不足，造成不少考生“高分低能”，只会记不会用。由于缺乏文化背景知识，不了解跨文化的交际礼貌，不懂得必要的社交技巧，在与他人进行口头交际中，语言上完全正确的一个句子可能在语用方面却很不恰当。所以，口语交际部分虽然可以看到文字，但每题四个备选答案中的干扰项难度加大，选择时对辨识能力的要求也提高了。因此除了掌握一般的语言知识外，考生还需要了解一些与对话有关的文化背景、特别是中西方文化之间的差异。
考试中口语交际部分设10道题，共有两种题型，即完成对话和对话理解，每次考试设一种或两种题型。以下结合样题分别对这两种题型进行分析。第一节 完成对话样题分析
口语交际A节为完成对话，由5或10道题组成。每一题中，考生将在试卷上读到一段不完整的对话和用以完成这段对话的四个备选答案。要求考生针对对话的内容从四个备选答案中选出一个最符合对话情景和口语交际习惯用法的答案，使整个对话能顺利完成。
从以上要求可以看出，A节考查两大类型的对话，即具体情景下的对话和表达意向、情感等较为抽象的对话。对于第一类对话，理解对话情景、掌握相关情景的常用表达句型是理解的关键，而对于第二类对话，理解说话人的意图和对话的含义是答对题的关键。以下以样卷为例分析口语交际的考查要点。
样题1 Speaker A: Operator, I want to make a person-to-person call to Toronto, Canada.The number is 932-0806.
Speaker B:
A.But I don't know whom do you want to call.
B. What's the name of the party you're calling?
C. What's the address of the person you're calling?
D. What's the extension number you're calling?
分析 在上题中，A方说：“接线员，我想往加拿大的多伦多打个指定受话人的电话。号码是932-0806。”从这句话可以判断这是打电话的情景，A方要求打长途电话，请接线员转接。考生应从打电话的情景表达用语方面找答案。B项：“请问受话人的姓名是什么？”中B方的回答正符合这一对话情景。其他三项中，D项：“你打的分机号码是什么？”的干扰性很大，似乎也是接线员转接电话的常用语，但仔细比较一下就会发现，B项更符合A方的对话情景。A项是汉语式的表达，而C项与A方的对话情景不相符。
样题2 Speaker A: Excuse me, do you have small change for a dollar?
Speaker B:
A.Why do you want to change?
B. Is it my business?
C. Are dimes and quarters OK?
D. You shouldn't ask a stranger for change.
分析 在上题中，A方说：“请问，你能换给我1美元的零钱吗？” 对话属于交际语言，离不开一定的语言环境和在这种环境下必然要交流的信息。根据交际语言的这一特点，可以判断出对话的环境应是在银行，A方是顾客，想把1美元换成零钱。B方肯定是银行工作人员。考生应马上想到要从银行提供服务方面找答案。四个选项中，C项的答语：“1角硬币和2角5分的硬币行吗？” 符合这一对话情景，是正确答案。A项和B项是反问，显然，作为向顾客提供服务的银行工作人员不会问这样的问题。D项答复不符合逻辑。
样题3 Speaker A: It seems to be clearing up.
Speaker B:
A.It's such a nice change.
B. I don't think this weather will last.
C. I hope it stays warm.
D. As long as it rains.
分析 在上题中，A方说：“天好像转晴了。”从这句话可判断出A方和B方在谈论天气。A方是说天气在好转。四个答语都跟天气有关，但只有A项答语：“这一变化真是太好了” 符合A方的交谈内容，其他几项都不恰当。
样题4 Speaker A: You don't have to play that record so loud, do you?
Speaker B:
A.Yes.I didn't mean to disturb you.
B. Sorry I don't have to.I can turn it down a little.
C. Yes, sorry.Am I keeping you awake?
D. Sorry, I didn't realize you were trying to sleep.
分析 在上题中，A方说：“你用不着把录音放得那么大声，是不是？”本题考查的不是情景类对话，而是对一般表达用语的掌握。A方说这话时，表达的是一种不耐烦的情绪，而且A方用反问的语气，责备的意味显得更强。由A方的话语可推断，B方恰当的反应应该是向A方道歉。要注意的是，A方的反问只是意味着责备，不是要求对方回答，所以A项和C项用yes开头明显不符合道歉用语的表达方法。B项也不符合道歉的表达法，只有D项是正确的表达法。
样题5 Speaker A: You are more beautiful in that red sweater!
Speaker B:
A.Oh, no. It's just an old one, and I have had it for years.
B. Yes. I think it goes nicely with my pants.
C. Thank you. My mom knitted it for me some years ago.
D. Oh, but I'm not sure if it suits me.
分析 本题考查对致谢用语的掌握。A方说B方穿着那件红毛衣更漂亮。对于别人赞美、夸奖之类的话，中国人虽然也很愿意听，但习惯上要谦虚一番，说些客套话。A项答语：“哦，不。这只是一件旧毛衣，我穿了多年了。”这是典型的中国人在类似场合下可能的回答方式，但不符合英语的交际惯例。D项答语：“哦，但我不能肯定它是否适合我。”在该场合下很不礼貌，很不得体。B项答语：“是的， 我觉得它跟我的裤子挺配的。”这也不符合该场合下的交际惯例。C项答语：“谢谢，这毛衣是我妈几年前帮我织的。”这是西方人在别人赞美或夸奖时常用的应答话语。第二节 完成对话的选项设计特点分析及应试注意事项
口语交际A节要求选出最符合情景和口语交际习惯用法的答案。有些题中，正确答案以外的三个选项干扰非常大，影响考生的判断。从出题的思路看，干扰考生的选项可分为以下几类。
1. 选项不符合文化习惯
东方人与西方人、中国人与外国人有着不同的文化传统和风俗习惯。在与外国人交流的过程中，如果不了解对方的文化风俗习惯，而以自己熟悉的一套方式向人问候，告诉、打听对方私事或答谢，往往会使对方不知所措，或者感到难堪，甚至还会使对方产生误解。请看以下对话：
Speaker A: Hi, Jean. Where are you going?
Speaker B: Hi. Lingling. How are you?
Speaker A: Wow, what a special minority blouse you're wearing! I guess it's made of batik. How much does it cost?
Speaker B: I bought it in Yunnan and it's worth buying, I think.
Speaker A: Did you get it at a bargain sale?
Speaker B: Oh, the bargain sale was really a scene.
以上对话中，A方的一连串问题使B方感到很不舒服，因为这些问题可能侵犯了她的隐私。A节试题中有的干扰项明显是汉语式的，它对于不了解中西文化差异的考生来说构成了最大的干扰项，如样题1、4和5的选项。要想避免犯文化方面的错误，考生平时应阅读些介绍西方文化方面的书籍。
2. 选项不符合英语交际语言习惯
有的选项可能勉强讲得过去，但仔细推敲就会发现它不符合交际的语言习惯。如样题4中的B项和样题5中的B项。有的选项的前半部分符合对话的情景和口语交际的习惯用法，但后半部分却偏离了这一对话情景下对某种习惯用法的要求。请看以下试题：
Speaker A: Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest subway station?
Speaker B:
A.Anytime. It's next to the post office.
B. All right. Do you want me to go with you?
C. No problem. It's my pleasure to direct you.
D. Of course. Go down this street and turn right.
A方显然是在问路，需要对方给予肯定或否定的回答。B、C和 D三项前半部分都表示了肯定的回答，但B项后半部分没有告诉怎么走，而是问：“你让我跟你一起去吗？”C项后半部分也没有告诉怎么走，只是说：“我很高兴为你指路。”这两项都不符合英语中问路与指路时的语言习惯，所以都不对，而D项首先作出肯定的答复，然后具体指明方向，是在这种情景下正确的回答。再看样题4中的A项 “是的， 我没想到会打扰你”。后半部分的解释符合这一对话要求的口语运用能力，但前半部分的Yes明显不对。样题1中的C项和D项，样题2中的A项和B项以及样题3中的B项和C项也属于这种情况。为了确保所选的答案符合对话要求的口语运用能力，考生不妨在平时把口语交际训练与听力理解训练结合进行，尤其是多听些日常生活和交际场合中的一般对话，同时观察常用的对话模式，收集整理一些常用的关键词语和表达法，并尽量记住。
3. 选项不符合逻辑
有的选项错误，主要原因就在于它不符合逻辑，即该项中的答语与整个对话的情景无关，或者完全不是针对谈话所涉及的特定环境应作的恰当反应。如样题2中的D项“你不应该向陌生人要零钱”，这与通过A方的话语我们所了解的对话场景银行不符。样题3中的选项D“只要天下雨”这一反应与A方的话语：“天气似乎在好转”也不符。为了避免犯逻辑错误，考生应注意把A方谈话或问话的意图搞清楚：在向什么样的人说话？说话的意图是什么？问话人想要干什么？尤其是对于情景类的谈话，考生应通过仔细分析A方的话语，找出表现其问话核心的关键词，从而确定对话的环境，选出符合这一对话环境的回答。
应试注意事项如下。
1. 理解对话的情景
做好口语交际A节题目的第一步是要弄明白每个对话所体现的场景，即它是在某个具体情景下的对话，还是表达意向和情感等较为抽象的对话。体现对话情景的是双方所用的关键词和语气。要搞清问话人突出询问的核心点是什么，答话人针对核心点如何作出符合交际习惯的反应。一般来说，A方的谈话可以大致让你明白对话提问的主题内容，对话人之间的关系等初步信息，有了这些信息，就可以带着问题去完成对话。
2. 理解说话人的意图
在表达意向和情感等较为抽象的对话里，说话人表达思想的方式比较含蓄，考生应仔细体会其隐含的意思，尤其是表示请求别人做某事或建议对方做某事时，可以比较婉转地提出。如：
Man: I think I'm coming down with something.
Woman: If I were you, I would go to see a doctor.
在以上对话中，女方用一个虚拟语气给对方提了建议。
又如：
I was wondering whether you had finished typing yet.
在以上句子中，说话人婉转地表达了自己的不耐烦。第三节 日常生活常用的会话模式
为了帮助考生掌握符合英语习惯的表达法，现将日常生活中常用的会话模式总结如下。
一、问候与告别
1. Greeting sb. (同某人打招呼)
Hello!—Hello!
Hi.—Hi.
Hi there, Mr. Smith. Good to see you.—Hi, Mr.Jones. Good to see you too.
Good morning.—Good morning.
Good afternoon!—Good afternoon!
Good evening!—Good evening!
2. Asking after sb.(问候某人)
Hello, Linda. Haven't see you for a long time. How are things with you?
Hello, John. Glad to see you here. How are you doing?
Hi, John! Pleased to meet you again. How's everything with you?
Hi, Jane. Fancy meeting you here. How are you keeping?
3. Stating how you are (说明近来怎样)
Very well, thank you. And you?
Fine, thank you. And you?
Just fine, thanks.
Not too bad.
Can't complain.
Mustn't grumble.
Wonderful. Things couldn't be better.
Not too well today, I'm afraid.
4. Farewells (告别)
I'm afraid I must be going now. Goodbye.—Goodbye.
Well, I must be off now. Goodbye.—Goodbye.
Well, the time has come to say good-bye. It was nice meeting you.
—Glad to have met you, too. Take care.
Sorry, I'll have to be going. It's getting pretty late. Good night. —Good night.
Mrs. Green, thank you for a pleasant evening. We've enjoyed ourselves immensely. See you tomorrow.
—It certainly has been a pleasure seeing you, Mr. Smith. Please remember me to Mrs. Smith.
Thank you for everything you've done for us during our stay here.
—You're welcome.
I wish you a pleasant journey.
—Thank you.
I hope you've enjoyed your stay in Beijing.
—I certainly have. I shall never forget my visit to Beijing.
二、介绍
1. Introducing sb. (介绍某人)
Mary, this is my cousin Jim.
Mary, I'd like you to meet Jim.
I don't think you have met Mr. Smith.
Allow me to introduce you to…
May I introduce you to Mr. Smith?
Mr. Johnson, I'd like you to meet Dr. Edward Smith.
2. Introducing yourself(自我介绍)
Allow me to introduce myself, I'm…
Excuse me, my name is…
May I introduce myself? I'm…
Hi! I'm John Smith.
How do you do? My name is…
3. Responses to an introduction(对介绍的回答)
How do you do?
How do you do? Mr. Smith.
I'm glad/pleased to meet you.
Nice to meet you.
It's a pleasure to meet you.
I'm delighted to see you here.
三、劝告
1. Asking for advice(向别人请教)
Could you give me some advice on how to avoid…?
I would appreciate your advice on our plan.
I'd like your advice about my thesis.
What do you think I should do?
Do you think I ought to phone for the police?
What would you do if you were me?
What would you do in my position?
2. Advising sb. to do/not to do sth. (劝别人做/不做某事)
My advice would be to buy the house.
I think you ought to reconsider your decision.
You'd better write to them now.
If I were you, I would put the money in the bank.
I would strongly advise you against it.
I don't think you ought to give up studies through lack of money.
It's up to you, but I wouldn't drink excessively.
You'd better not say that.
四、道歉
1. Apologizing(道歉)
I'm sorry for what I said to you last night.
I'm sorry for being late.
I do apologize about that.
I've got to apologize for my late arrival.
I must make an apology to you for forgetting your birthday.
I beg your pardon.
I must apologize.
I beg your pardon for all the inconvenience I caused you.
Excuse me.
Excuse me for stepping on your foot.
2. Responding to apologies (回答别人的道歉)
That's all right.
It's quite all right.
Oh,…never mind.
Oh,…it doesn't matter.
Don't mention it.
五、请求
1. Making a request (请求)
Could you give me a hand with this heavy table, please?
Could you ring me up at eight this evening?
Could I borrow your bike?
May I have a word with you in private?
Will you switch the kitchen light off, please?
Would you like to see a gymnastics show tonight?
Would you mind opening the window?
Would you be kind enough to do it for me?
Let me do it my way, will you?
Do you mind if I use your car?
I wonder if you'd mind my using your camera?
I'd be very grateful if you'd wake me up at 6:00 tomorrow morning.
2. Positive responses (肯定回答)
Certainly.
Yes, of course.
I'd love to.
No, I don't mind in the least.
3. Negative responses (否定回答)
I'd like to, but…
I'm sorry I can't.
No, I'm afraid I can't.
Sorry, I need it myself.
I'd rather not if you don't mind.
六、建议
1. Making a suggestion (提建议)
How about going to a concert?
Let's listen to some records.
Why don't we go out for a walk?
Why not let her do as she likes?
What do you think of purchasing a piano?
Suppose we have lunch now!
I suggest that we go to the theatre.
If I were you, I would apply for that job.
Shall we go and have lunch now?
2. Positive responses (肯定回答)
Good.
All right.
I'd love to.
That's a good idea.
That would be very nice / fine.
That suits me all right.
Excellent.
Yes, let's.
3. Negative responses (否定回答)
No, thanks.
No, don't bother.
I'd love to, but...
Well, I'd rather not, if you don't mind.
No, really. I'm not in a mood for it.
七、感谢与回答
1. Expressing thanks (表示感谢)
Thank you very much.
Thanks a lot.
Thank you for all you've done for us.
It's very kind of you.
It's most thoughtful of you.
I'm really very grateful to you.
I'm very much obliged to you.
I'm really very much indebted to you.
2. Responding to thanks(回答对方的感谢)
Not at all.
You are welcome.
That's all right.
It's a pleasure.
At your service.
Sure thing.
Don't mention it.
No trouble at all.
I'm very glad to have been of help(service) to you.
八、同意与不同意
1. Agreement (同意)
Yes, I quite agree with you about that.
I couldn't agree more.
You are right.
You are quite right there.
That's my opinion too.
I'm with you there.
That's a fine idea.
I suppose so.
There's no doubt about it.
That's just what I've always thought.
That's just what I think.
2. Disagreement (不同意)
I can't say I agree with you.
I couldn't agree with you less.
I have a different opinion.
I don't think you are right there.
I'm afraid you're mistaken there.
That's not how I see it.
That's your opinion, not mine.
I think you are wrong.
九、请求帮助和提供帮助
1. Asking for help (请求帮助)
I wonder if you can help me.
Will you do me a favor and lend me your car?
Would you mind passing on this invitation to Mr. Smith?
Could you just hold this for me?
2. Offering help(提供帮助)
Would you like me to call a taxi for you?
Shall I get you some orange juice?
Is there anything you'd like me to do for you?
Have another drink, Mary.
Let me help you with your luggage.
Just let me know if you need any help.
I'll give you a lift if you like.
十、祝贺
1. Congratulating sb. (表示祝贺)
Congratulations!
I congratulate you very heartily.
Allow me to offer my heartiest congratulations.
I must congratulate you on a successful interview.
Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.
What wonderful news!
It's great!
How nice for you!
2. Responses (回答)
Thank you.
It's very nice of you to say so.
I'm just very lucky.
Thank you, but it's not really all that good.
Oh, you flatter me.第四节 对话理解样题分析
口语交际B节为对话理解，由5或10道题组成。每一题考生将在试卷上读到一段对话和对话之后的问题以及针对问题的四个备选答案。要求考生能理解对话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含义，从所给的四个备选答案中选出一个最佳答案。
从表面看，这一题型与过去的听力理解A节形式一样，但原对话题设计得比较直白，对考生的要求相对较低，大多数题的答案或者已直接出现在对话中，或者通过反映环境特征、职业特征等的关键词可以推测，或者通过已知条件稍作换算，或者通过一些常用句型可以判断，只有极少数的问题涉及理解对话的内涵意义。而调整后的对话理解则不同，因为对话的内容和问题都已直接出现在试卷上，所以题目和选择项的难度增加了许多，需要考生理解字里行间的意思，理解说话人的意图和对话的含义以及口语中的习语和惯用法。
以下以样题为例分析对话理解的测试要点。
样题6 Woman: Why don't you drive to the university?
Man: I like cycling. And there are more bicycles than cars on the campus.
Question: What does the man imply?
A.Most people in the university like driving cars.
B. Most people in the university like riding bicycles.
C. Driving cars is not allowed in the university.
D. The campus is near, so he doesn't have to drive to it.
分析 本题测试对男方答话的隐含意思的理解。当被问及为何不是开车去大学时，男方说：“我喜欢骑车，而且校园里自行车比汽车多”。由此可以推断校园里骑车人要比开车人多，故选项B“大学里大多数人都喜欢骑车”是他话里隐含的意思。A项与事实相反，而C项和D项均与男方的答话无关。
样题7 Woman: I hear you still need $2 000 for the project. But why don't you ask John for help? He has money to burn, you know?
Man: Ask John? I'll save my breath. The wealthiest are usually mean.
Question: What does the man mean?
A.People with a lot of money are usually helpful.
B. People with a lot of money are usually vicious.
C. People with a lot of money are usually not generous.
D. People with a lot of money are usually not trustworthy.
分析 本题考查对“mean”一词的理解。考生只要理解男方话中“mean”(吝啬的)一词的意思，正确答案的选择便变得非常容易。男方说那些最富的人通常都吝啬。四个选项中，只有C项中的not generous(不慷慨的)与mean意思一致，所以是正确答案，而B项中的vicious(恶毒的)、A项中的helpful(乐于助人的)和D项中的trustworthy(不值得信赖的)均与mean的意思不符。
样题8 Man: I hear that the research center has chosen Frank as head of the team. Is that true?
Woman: You said it. But they must have been out of mind in the choice!
Question: What does the woman mean?
A.The research center has made a good choice.
B. The research center has made a stupid choice.
C. The research center is enthusiastic about choosing the head.
D. The research center hasn't made a choice yet.
分析 本题考查考生对be out of mind这一习语的理解。女方说：“他们在那个选择上一定是疯了。”考生如果理解be out of mind(疯的)，正确答案就不难选。四个选项中，B项“研究中心作出了愚蠢的选择”就是女方话中隐含的意思。
样题9 Woman: I was greatly impressed by Frank's oil paintings.
Man: But in the art of oil paintings, Bill is above all the others.
Question: What does the man mean?
A.Frank's oil paintings are not good at all.
B. Frank's oil paintings are as good as Bill's.
C. Neither Frank's nor Bill's oil paintings are good.
D. Bill's oil paintings are better than Frank's.
分析 本题中男方话语中的But一词表明自己与女方观点的不一致，男方认为比尔在油画艺术方面胜过所有其他人，这些人中当然也包括弗兰克， 所以选项D“比尔的油画比弗兰克的好”符合男方答话的内涵，是正确答案。
样题10 Woman: Mark, did you tell Allen to bring his camera?
Man: Whether or not Allen is willing to bring his camera, we can still take some pictures. You can always count on me.
Question: What does the man mean?
A.He has brought a camera himself.
B. He can never count on Allen.
C. Allen is willing to bring his camera.
D. They will wait for Allen to take pictures.
分析 本题考查对count on这一短语的理解。女方问男方是否告诉了艾伦把相机带上，而男方说：“不管艾伦是否愿意带，我们依然可以照相，你总是可以指望我的。”男方的最后一句话表明他会带着相机，A项“他自己带了相机”符合男方话语的意思，因而是正确答案。第五节 对话理解测试重点及应试注意事项
通过对样题的分析，可以看出对话理解的测试重点：一方面测试考生利用逻辑推理的思维过程对对话内在含义的判断以及对说话人的真实意图的领会；另一方面测试考生在对话的上下文里对口语中的短语、习语和惯用法的理解。为考好这类题目，考生需要熟悉这类题型的特点，具体要注意以下几点。
1. 理解反问句式的陈述含义
对话中常常出现这种情况：当第一人提出一个问题后，第二人不作直接回答，而是用反问句的形式来表达自己的观点和态度，如：why not…,don't you…,would (have)you…, how about…
例如：
Woman: Where can I find a bottle of ink?
Man: Why don't you try the shop on campus?
Question: What does the man mean?
第二个人在回答时使用的反问句并不要求对方回答，而是以问句的形式提出建议，婉转地要求对方按照所提出的建议去做。这种问句属于修辞性问句，在选择答案时，应从正面推断，寻找与第二个人说话内容有关的肯定含义的陈述句。
2. 顺藤摸瓜寻找隐含意义
在对话理解中，常会遇到这样的题目，有时第一个人提出问题或话题后，第二个人不直接正面回答，而是拐弯抹角，给人以答非所问的感觉。
例如：
Woman: Did you meet the new teacher yesterday?
Man: I've been sick for two days.
Question: What does the man mean?
A.The new teacher is sick.
B. There are two new teachers.
C. He hasn't met the teacher yet.
D. He didn't like the new teacher.
女方问男方昨天是否见到了新老师，男方回答他生了两天病。生病一般是在家休息，不可能到学校，也不可能见到新老师。因此能够回答女方提问的只有C项，其他都是答非所问。答案C与男方回答的内容正好在逻辑上一致。
从以上分析可以看到：尽管男女双方的对话有时似乎互不相关，但既然是对话，两者之间就必然存在逻辑联系，否则就不成为对话。所以，答题时要仔细想一想第二人说话的内容在逻辑上与第一人的话题有什么联系，然后在选择项中寻找能够回答第一人问题的答案。
3. 理解虚拟语气的相反含义
在对话理解中还常用虚拟语气来表示与现在、过去、将来的事实正好相反的含义。
例如：
Woman: Put your grandmother in an Old People's Home. They will look after her.
Man: They would if they could.
Question: What does the man imply?
A.His grandmother will be taken good care of there.
B. There are not enough Old People's Homes.
C. His grandmother is not willing to be put there.
D. His grandmother will not get what she needs most there.
男方用了与事实相反的虚拟条件，暗示“老人之家”照顾不了他的奶奶。选项D，His grandmother will not get what she needs most there. 与男方的语义相符，是正确答案。
掌握虚拟语气的句型结构(特别是谓语动词的形式)， 并领会虚拟语气与事实相反的含义是解题的关键。例如：
(1) I wish Mike were with me.
(In fact, Mike is not with me.)
(2) If I had had his phone number, I would have called him while I was in Shanghai.
(In fact, I didn't have his phone number and I didn't call him.)
(3) If only our team had scored one more point!
(In fact, our team didn't score one more point.)
在理解虚拟语气的内涵意义时，无论是带If的条件从句，还是主句，最好先否定谓语动词，然后再作回答，这样就比较容易看清句子的含义。
4. 掌握一些口语中的常用短语、习语及惯用法
对话理解的相当一部分题是测试考生在对话的上下文里对口语中的短语、习语和惯用法的理解。
请看以下对话：
Man: Let's go for a walk.
Woman: I'd love to, but I feel a bit under the weather.
Question: What does the woman mean?
A.The weather is making her feel unwell.
B. She would like to go for a walk.
C. She doesn't feel well enough to go for a walk.
D. It's not very nice weather for a walk.
虽然我们从“but”一词中可知女方其实不想去散步，但如果不理解“under the weather”这一短语，考生很难选对正确答案。under the weather意为“身体不舒服，有点小毛病”。
考生要想取得高分，熟悉和掌握一些口语中的短语、习语和惯用法是非常必要的。以下为考生列出了一些常用的口语词组、习语和惯用法。第六节 常用的口语词组、习语和惯用法
A
a baby in arms涉世未深的人
a big shot 要人，大人物，大亨
a bird in the bush未到手的东西，未定局的事情
a bird in the hand已到手的东西，已定局的事情
a black sheep败家子
a blind alley前途黯淡
a born loser废物
a bosom friend知心朋友
a good case in point一个很好的例子
absence of mind心不在焉；发呆
a chicken guy胆小鬼
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]