作者：齐际
出版社：浙江教育出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
SAT核心词汇考法精析试读：
前言
新SAT考试来了
自2005年SAT考试的重大改革后，2016年又将为新SAT考试翻开新的篇章。这个拥有百年历史的学术水平测试的又一次蜕变让备考者与行业从业者的心情既紧张又惊喜。然而，平复了对新鲜事物本能具有的短暂心理波动后，我们看到的是这个美国版“高考”一如既往的目标——新SAT考试题目形式的微调不仅没有动摇、反而更加一针见血且准确地追求对大学准入者能力的评估。
当我第一时间读到SAT考试举办官方机构College Board放出的第一份关于新SAT考试设计的纲领性文件时，我意识到自己不仅仅是历史的见证者，也是历史的参与者。这个突如其来的双重身份使我倍感压力。在教学与教研的过程中，为对接考试并力争做到最佳，我尽己所能保持着对“学术”和“精准”的坚定不移，凌晨2、3点就寝已成为了生活的常态，每本上课用的教材都是历经无数次的思考、整理、精炼，并置于无数轮课程的检验后得出的成果。这样的“吹毛求疵”也许是一个工科生被培养出的第二天性。可喜的是，这份不曾动摇的坚持带来了学员们的优异成绩。就SAT考试中阅读部分来说，我们始终保持每次考试有近30%的学员可以获得700分或更高的分数（阅读部分700分比率在全球的统计中只占考生总数的5%不到）。如今站在迎接新SAT考试的起点，我笃定，“学术”和“精准”这两把武器可以继续为学员们和我带来幸运与成果。“SAT/ACT考法精析”系列丛书的诞生与使命
SAT/ACT为学术能力测试，破解之法便是提高学术能力，正所谓万变不离其宗，“SAT/ACT考法精析”系列丛书的出发点正是如此。此系列丛书的初始点是2012年出版的《SAT核心词汇考法精析》一书，这本书因为其对词汇的学术解读角度而受到广大读者的肯定，它的销量和评价让我这个初出茅庐的“作者”受宠若惊，它给备考者带来的实际效果也使我更加坚定了继续前行的决心。在此，衷心希望“SAT/ACT考法精析”系列丛书可以为各位读者带来真正的提高与成长。
本书是一本针对新SAT考试全面、深入且实战的单词书【关于收录词汇的来源】
本书是对2012年出版的《SAT核心词汇考法精析》的更新升级版，所收录词汇的选择依据是美国核心课程标准（CCSS，全称Common Core State Standards）（这是SAT考试出题的重要参考标准），囊括了一个优秀的大学准入者需要掌握的几乎所有核心词汇，在较为正式的学术文章中会大量出现。本书删除了旧版中过于简单的托福考试级别词汇（即部分词汇与托福考试级别词汇有重合），同时补充了新SAT考试中阅读及文法部分会出现的难度较高的学术词汇。【关于单词的数量及广度】
本书收录了近4000个主词，派生词及短语近2000个。书中收录的单词、派生词几乎包含了SAT出题机构词库中的所有单词。这样的广度是冲刺阅读及语法满分的重要基础。【关于单词的深度及难度】
SAT是学术评估测试，对词汇的考查极具深度。这种深度体现在单词的学术含义及单词的一词多义这两个方面。例如，SAT考试曾经考查过“沙文主义”的广义解读，也考查过看似简单的chart一词的多重名词、动词含义。因此，本书力求做到对所有收录的词汇进行最具深度的精析，保证词汇的背诵与学习可以顺利转化成应试的分数。可能你听说，改革后SAT考试对词汇难度的要求有所降低，但当笔者对新SAT官方指南中出现的阅读、语法篇章做词汇汇总时却发现，有难度的学术词汇仍然大量出现，例如，broach, calibrate, contingent, decrepit, despoil, evince, expenditure, fetish, fiscal, glut, lurch, mortify, poignant, pristine, scramble, slumber, squalid, stampede, steward, tumult, viable等。掌握诸如此类的有难度的学术词汇仍然是新SAT阅读、语法高分的重要保障。【关于词汇分级】
本书中将词汇分为三个等级，分别是Basic（基础）、Core（核心）、Tough（困难）。这三个等级的界限是由词汇的出现频率及所属题材类别为标准而界定的。用一个较为直观但并不科学严谨的方式来说，Basic级别词汇对应SAT考试中阅读500分（800分满分）的词汇水平，Core对应600分的词汇水平，而Tough则是冲刺700分甚至满分的词汇水平。【关于背诵方法】“熟能生巧”是背单词过程中的至理名言。但是关于到底是先背单词还是先刷题的问题，在我看来，应该先背单词。在有了一定的单词基础之后，再结合做题将对单词的理解和使用提升至更高的高度。另外，刷题是锻炼解题思维的过程，如果在刷题过程中同时查单词、背单词，这个最重要的思维训练节奏就会被打乱，结果导致单词没搞定，解题手感也会半生不熟。
附赠：新SAT推荐备考服务及资源【909单词——“单词教练”每日考核单词】
在SAT/ACT备考过程中，我们经常听到这样的说法——得单词者得天下，因为单词是语言的最小单位，是任何形式阅读的最重要的基础。然而，背单词却被很多人认为是“反人性”的工作，非常枯燥，再加上SAT/ACT考试的词汇难度颇高，单词往往成为考生前进过程中最大的障碍。死背词汇书、制作单词卡片、手机APP似乎都不能完美地解决问题，这些冷冰冰、无人性的背单词工具令人本能地排斥。
在这里特别向大家推荐“909单词”背单词平台，这虽然是一个近乎军事化的单词考核平台，但却无限贴近人性。在这里，素质过硬的、学术严谨的、面带微笑的“单词教练”通过安排任务、督促、一对一面对面查单词、生成报告等一套完整的学习—复习—考核环节帮助考生突破单词难关。如果单词仍然是你的短板，去访问www.909danci.com查看详情吧。【“留美公开课”微信公众平台——做符合国情的可汗学院】
此微信公众平台会及时更新“SAT/ACT考法精析”系列丛书的配套讲解视频、修订信息和相关活动，以及留美考试与申请公开课。微信公众号中搜索“留美公开课”，添加公众号。
最后，衷心祝愿奋斗在留学路上的小朋友们好运！齐际邮箱：qj78@hotmail.com微博：http://weibo.com/qiji78/微信（个人）：qiji78 微信（公众号）：留美公开课
Part One Basic Words 基础词汇 （Lists 1-14）
List 1
abandon/ əˈbændən/v.离开（某人、某物或某地）；离弃
to give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit【例】abandon our city and technology 远离城市和科技
v.完全放弃（权利、信仰等）
to surrender one's claim to, right to, or interest in【例】abandon one's faith 放弃自己的信仰【例】abandon a plan 放弃一项计划【派】abandoned adj. 被遗弃的 | 放纵的【例】abandoned character 放纵的性格abase / əˈbeɪs/
v.降低（某人的）身份
to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem【派】abasement n. 降低身份；屈尊【派】base adj. 卑鄙的abate / əˈbeɪt/
v.减少；减轻；缓和
to reduce in amount, degree or intensity【例】destruction will abate 破坏活动将缓和abbreviate / əˈbriːvieɪt/
v.缩写；压缩
to reduce to a shorter form intended to stand for the wholeabdomen / ˈæbdəmən/
n.腹部
the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis alsoaberrant / æˈberənt/
adj.有偏差的
straying from the right or normal way【例】aberrant weather 反常的天气【派】aberration n. 偏差 | 差错abhor / əbˈhɔːr/
v.厌恶；憎恶
to regard with extreme repugnance【例】abhor violence 憎恶暴力【派】abhorrence n. 憎恨abnormal / æbˈnɔːrml/
adj.反常的；异常的
deviating from the normal or average【例】abnormal behavior 反常的行为aboriginal / ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl/
adj.土产的；当地的
being the first or earliest known of its kind present in a region【例】aboriginal plants 当地的植物abortive / əˈbɔːrtɪv/
adj.失败的
fruitless, unsuccessful【例】an abortive attempt to conclude the negotiations 为结束谈判的不成功尝试abreast / əˈbrest/
adv. 并排
beside one another with bodies in line【例】Two ships docked abreast. 两只船并排停靠。abridge / əˈbrɪdʒ/
v.删节；节略
to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense
v.缩短（长度或范围）
to shorten in duration or extentabrupt / əˈbrʌpt/
adj.突然的
characterized by or involving action or change without preparation or warning【例】abrupt ending 突然的结束
adj.（行为、态度）唐突的
unceremoniously curt
adj.陡峭的
involving a sudden steep rise or drop【派】abruptness n. 突然 | 唐突 | 陡峭absolutism / ˈæbsəluːtɪzəm/
n.专制统治
a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers【派】absolute adj. 绝对的；不受约束的【例】absolute power 至高无上的权力abstract
/ ˈæbstrækt/adj. 理论上的；抽象的；难懂的
disassociated from any specific instance【例】abstract thinking 抽象思维【例】abstract sculptures 抽象的雕塑
adj.超脱的；不受个人感情影响的
impersonal, as in attitude or views
n.概要
a summary of points
/ æbˈstrækt/ v. 分离并排除
to separate and remove【例】abstract out irrelevant details 排除不相关的细节
v.做摘要
to make a summary or abstract of【派】abstraction n. 提取 | 心不在焉【派】abstracted adj. 出神的；投入的absurd / əbˈsɜːrd/
adj.荒谬的；怪诞的
ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous【例】an absurd custom 一个怪诞的习俗【派】absurdity n. 荒谬【例】absurdity of the approach 方法的荒谬之处abuse
/ əˈbjuːz/ v.（n.）滥用；剥削
to put to a wrong or improper use【例】environmental abuse 剥削自然
v.（n.）虐待
to use so as to injure or damage
v.辱骂
to attack in words
/ əˈbjuːs/ n. 脏话；辱骂
language that condemns or vilifies usually unjustly, intemperately, and angrily【例】abuse language 骂脏话academic / ˌækəˈdemɪk/
adj.学术的
of, relating to, or associated with an academy or school especially of higher learning【例】academic journals 学术期刊【例】academic fraud 学术造假【派】academia n. 学术界【例】world of academia and publishing 学术界与出版界【派】academy n. 学院【例】academy of art 艺术学院accede / əkˈsiːd/
v.答应, 满足
to give in to a request or demand
v.就任
to enter upon an office or position【例】accede to the throne 就任国王accent
/ ækˈsent/ v.（n.）强调
to give prominence to
/ ˈæksənt/ n. 口音
a way of speaking typical of a particular group of people and especially of the natives or residents of a region【派】accentuate v. 突出 | 强调【例】accentuate the positive 强调（事物）积极的一面access / ˈækses/
v.（n.）（接近某物或某人、使用某物的）方法或权利
a means of approaching, entering, exiting, communi-cating with, or making use of【例】access to the votes 准许拥有投票权【派】accessible （反：inaccessible）adj. 可接近的 | 可利用的；可获得的 | 可理解的【例】accessible information 可获取的信息【例】represent history in an accessible context 在可理解的语境下呈现历史【例】（inaccessible）mountain peaks 不可企及的山巅【派】accessory n. 附件；零配件acclaim / əˈkleɪm/
v.（n.）赞美；表扬
to praise enthusiastically and often publicly【例】acclaim the winner 为冠军喝彩【例】The song received public acclaim. 这首歌获得公众的赞誉。【例】an acclaimed book 广受好评的书【派】acclamation n. 热烈的赞同 | 欢呼acclimate / ˈækləmeɪt/
v.使适应
to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situationacclivity / əˈklɪvətɪ/
n.斜坡；上坡
an ascending slope （as of a hill）accommodate / əˈkɑ:mədeɪt/
v.适应（需求）；迎合
to make fit, suitable, or congruous【例】accommodate the special needs of elderly residents 迎合老年住户的特殊需求
v.供给
to provide with something desired, needed, or suited【例】accommodate me with a loan 提供给我借款
v.协调；调解
to bring into agreement or concord【派】accommodation n. 适应 | 住宿【例】luxurious accommodations 豪华的居住环境accomplish / əˈkɑ:mplɪʃ/
v.成功地完成；实现
to bring to completion【例】accomplish a goal 实现一个目标【派】accomplished adj. 有技巧的；熟练的 | 受过良好训练或教育的【例】an accomplished pianist 一位有造诣的钢琴家【派】accomplishment n. 成就；成功 | 才艺【例】academic accomplishment 学术上的成就【例】Drawing and writing are his accomplishments. 绘画和写作是他的才艺。accord / əˈkɔːrd/
v.（使事物与另一事物）一致或符合
to bring into agreement【例】accord with the needs 符合需求
n.一致；融洽
balanced interrelationship【例】in accord with my preferences …与我的喜好相一致
n.和平条约；协议
a formal reaching of agreement【派】accordance n. 和谐；一致【派】accordingly adv. 相应地；因此【例】paid accordingly （根据价值、工作量等）付相应的钱1account / əˈkaʊnt/
n.记录；报告
a narrative or record of events【例】account of the incident 事件的叙述报告
n.考虑
careful thought【例】take the age into account 将年龄因素考虑在内
n.账目；账单
a precise list of fees or charges
v.（n.）记账；计算
a record of debit and credit entries to cover transactions involving a particular item or a particular person or concern
v.将（某人或某事物）看作；视为
to think of as
v.作为…的解释
to furnish a justifying analysis or explanation【例】account for the loss 解释损失的原因2account / əˈkaʊnt/
n.理由
a reason given for a particular action
v.说明事件的原委；解释
to furnish a justifying analysis or explanation【例】account for the loss 说明损失的原因【派】accountable adj. 需要负责的【例】accountable for the mistake 对错误负责【派】unaccountable adj. 无法解释的；难以说明的 | 不必负责的【例】unaccountable events 无法解释的事件accuse / əˈkjuːz/
v.指控；谴责
to charge with a fault or offense【例】accuse him of cheating 指责他欺诈【派】accusatory adj. 谴责的 | 指控的【例】an accusatory look 一副谴责的表情【例】in an accusatory tone 用一种谴责的口气【派】accused n. 被告人【派】accuser n. 原告accustom / əˈkʌstəm/
v.使…习惯
to make familiar with something through use or experience【例】be accustomed to the new way of life 习惯了新的生活方式【派】unaccustomed adj. 不习惯的；不适应的【例】unaccustomed environment 不适应的环境acid / ˈæsɪd/
adj.酸的；酸味的；酸性的
sour, sharp, or biting to the taste【例】an acid flavor 酸味
adj.尖酸的
sharp, biting, or sour in manner, disposition, or nature【例】an acid tone of voice 尖酸的声调【派】acidic adj. 酸性的；浓烈的；极酸的；尖酸的【派】acidulous adj. 酸的 | 尖酸刻薄的acme / ˈækmi/
n.顶点
one that represents perfection of the thing expressedacquire / əˈkwaɪər/
v.（通过能力、努力或经验）获得（某事物或能力）
to get by one's own efforts【例】acquire knowledge 获得知识【例】acquire information 获得信息【派】acquisition n. 获得【例】acquisition of fortune 获得财富【派】acquisitive adj. 贪婪的 | 好学的【例】an acquisitive mind 好学心acronym / ˈækrənɪm/
n.首字母缩略词
a word formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound termacumen / ˈækjəmən/
n.敏锐；精明（尤指在实践中）
keenness and depth of perception, discernment, or discrimination especially in practical matters【例】financial acumen 金融敏锐性【例】political acumen 政治才干acute / əˈkjuːt/
adj.敏锐的；有洞察力的
marked by keen discernment or intellectual perception【例】acute sense of smell 敏锐的嗅觉
adj.激烈的；严重的；极度的
characterized by sharpness or severity【例】acute pain 剧烈的疼痛【例】acute regret 深深的懊悔【派】acuity n. 敏锐【例】penetrating acuity 富有洞察力的敏锐adapt / əˈdæpt/
v.改编；改写
to alter or modify a text【例】This passage is adapted from a book. 这篇文章是对一本书的改写。
v.适应；使…适应或符合某事物
to make fit （as for a specific or new use or situation）often by modification【例】adapt to new habitats 适应新的居住环境【派】adaptable adj. 适应性强的【例】adaptable species 适应性强的物种【派】adaptive adj. 适应的；适合的【例】adaptive system 自适应系统【派】adaptation （= adaptability）n. 适应性 | 改编【例】biological adaptation 生物适应性【例】adaptation of a play 改编剧本addict / ˈædɪkt/
n.有瘾的人
one who is addicted especially to a substanceadept / əˈdept/
adj.熟练的
thoroughly proficient【例】adept sailors 熟练的水手【例】adept at negotiation 精通于谈判【派】adeptness n. 熟练；灵活adequate / ˈædɪkwət/
adj.充分的；足够的
sufficient for a specific requirement【例】spend adequate time studying 花足够的时间学习【派】inadequate adj. 不充分的 | 不足以胜任的【例】inadequate treatment 不充分的治疗【例】feel inadequate facing the problem 面对问题的时候觉得力不从心【派】adequately adv. 充分地；适当地【例】adequately protect animals 充分地保护动物adhere / ədˈhɪr/
v.附着（在某事物上）
to hold fast or stick by or as if by gluing, suction, grasping, or fusing
v.忠于
to give support or maintain loyalty【例】adhere to one's opinion 坚持自己的意见
v.遵照；遵守
to act according to the commands of【例】adhere to the concerns of the public 遵照大众的兴趣【派】adherence n. 附着 | 信奉【例】adherence to a theory 信奉某一理论【派】adherent n. 信徒；拥护者【例】adherents of the movement 运动的拥护者【派】adhesive adj. 有黏性的 | | n. 黏合剂adjacent / əˈdʒeɪsnt/
adj.毗连的；相近的
having a common endpoint or border【例】adjacent lots 毗连的土地【例】the city and adjacent suburbs 城市及附近郊区administer / ədˈmɪnɪstər/
v.管理
to manage orsupervise the execution, use, or conduct of
v.施行
to perform the office of administrator【例】administer the law 执法
v.给予；分发
to give or mete out【例】widely administer the vaccine 广泛分发疫苗【派】administrator n. 管理者；行政人员【派】administrative adj. 管理的；行政的【例】administrative mentality 行政意识adolescent / ˌædəˈlesnt/
adj.青少年的；青春期的
of, relating to, or undergoing adolescence【派】adolescence n. 青少年；青春期adopt / əˈdɑ:pt/
v.采纳；借用；领养
to take up and practice or use【例】adopt a child 领养一个小孩【例】adopt a technique 采用某种技巧【派】adopted adj. 收养的；过继的【例】adopted country 异国他乡advert / ˈædvɜːrt/
v.注意；留意
to turn the mind or attention【派】inadvertent adj. 漫不经心的；粗心大意的【例】inadvertent mistakes 粗心大意的错误advertise / ˈædvərtaɪz/
v.告知；宣扬
to make generally known【例】advertise one's presence 宣扬某人的出席【派】advertiser n. 宣传者 | 广告人【派】advertisement n. 公告 | 广告advocate
/ ˈædvəkeɪt/ v. 拥护；支持；倡导
to plead in favor of
/ ˈædvəkət/ n. 倡导者
one that supports or promotes the interests of another【例】advocate of civil rights 公民权利的倡导者【例】consumer advocate 消费者利益的拥护者【派】advocacy n. 拥护 | 鼓吹；助长aerial / ˈeriəl/
adj.空中的
of, relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere【例】aerial photography 空中摄影aesthetic / esˈθetɪk/
adj.美学的
of, relating to, or dealing with aesthetics or the beauty【例】aesthetic standards 美学标准【例】aesthetic values 美学价值
adj.美观的
pleasing in appearance【例】aesthetic design 美观的设计【派】aesthetics n. 美学【派】aesthete n. 审美家；美学家【派】aesthetician n. 审美家1affect / əˈfekt/
v.喜爱
to have affection for【派】disaffect v. 背叛【派】affection n. 喜爱【例】affection for home 对家的喜爱【派】disaffected adj. 不满的 | 不忠的【派】affectionate adj. 亲切的 | 深情的【例】affectionate nostalgia 充满深情的怀旧2affect / əˈfekt/
v.假装；做作
to put on a pretense of【例】affect an authoritative tone 装出权威的语调【派】affectation n. 做作；虚假【派】affected adj. 不自然的；假装的【例】an affected manner 做作的态度3affect / əˈfekt/
v.影响
to produce an effect upon
v.使…动情；感动
to act upon （as a person or a person's mind or feelings）so as to effect a response【例】be affected by the music 被音乐打动【派】affecting adj. 动人的；感人的affirm / əˈfɜːrm/
v.肯定…属实；断言
to assert （as a judgment or decree）as valid or confirmed【例】affirm one's innocence 声称自己无罪【派】affirmative adj. 肯定的【派】affirmation n. 肯定；确认【例】affirmation of the power of love 肯定爱情的力量【派】reaffirm v. 重申 | 再确认【例】reaffirm woman's nature 重申女性的特点【派】life-affirming adj. 坚定乐观生活的【例】reclaim and renew life-affirming bonds 重新建立乐观生活的纽带affluence / ˈæfluəns/
n.丰富；富裕
an abundant flow or supply【例】one's affluence 一个人富足的状态【派】affluent adj. 丰富的 | 富裕的【例】an affluent society 富足的社会afoot / əˈfʊt/
adj.在进行中
in the process of development【例】The reform is afoot. 改革正在进行中。agent / ˈeɪdʒənt/
n.动因；产生某种结果的方法
a means or instrument by which a guiding intelligence achieves a result【例】whitening agent 增白因子
n.经纪人；代理人
one that acts or exerts poweraggrandize / əˈgrændaɪz/
v.扩大力量、财富、地位或名望
to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation of【例】aggrandize oneself 扩大自己的力量（财富、地位或名望）aggravate / ˈægrəveɪt/
v.加重；恶化
to make worse, more serious, or more severe
v.惹恼
to rouse to displeasure or anger【派】aggravating adj. 恶化的 | 恼怒的【派】aggravation n. 恶化 | 恼怒aggressive / əˈgresɪv/
adj.侵略的；进攻的
tending toward or exhibiting aggression【例】aggressive behavior 进攻性的行为
adj.进取的
marked by driving forceful energy or initiative
adj.鲜明的；强烈的
strong or emphatic in effect or intent【例】aggressive colors 鲜明的色彩【例】aggressive taste 强烈的味道【派】unaggressive adj. 不侵犯的 | 不进取的【例】an unaggressive business man 没有闯劲的商人【派】aggression n. 进攻 | 侵犯【例】an aggression on the nature 对自然的侵犯agitate / ˈædʒɪteɪt/
v.搅乱（原本平静的事物）
to excite and often trouble the mind or feelings of【例】be agitated by the thoughts 被思绪搞得心烦意乱
v.公开辩论
to stir up public discussion of【例】agitate for freedom （通过公开辩论）争取自由【派】agitation n. 焦虑 | 鼓动【派】agitated adj. 不安的airborne / ˈerbɔːrn/
adj.空气传播的
carried through the air （as by an aircraft）【例】airborne pollen 空气传播的花粉
adj.空运的
transported or carried by the air【例】airborne troops 空降部队alga / ˈælgə/
n.水藻
a plant or plantlike organism of any of several phyla, divisions, or classes of chiefly aquatic usually chlorophyll-containing nonvascular organisms of polyphyletic origin that usually include the green, yellow-green, brown, and red algae in the eukaryotes and especially formerly the cyanobacteria in the prokaryotesalias / ˈeɪliəs/
n.化名
an assumed or additional name【例】The cheater worked under various aliases. 骗子用不同的化名行骗。alienate / ˈeɪliəneɪt/
v.使…疏远；离间
to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent, especially where attachment formerly existed【例】be alienated from friends 与朋友疏远【派】alien n. 外国人 | 外星人【派】alienated adj. 疏远的【例】an alienated feeling 被疏远的感觉【派】inalienable adj. 不可剥夺的【例】inalienable rights 不可剥夺的权利align / əˈlaɪn/
v.将（某物）排列在一条直线上
to bring into line or alignment
v.（与某人）结盟
to array on the side of or against a party or cause【例】align oneself of sb. 自己与某人结盟allege / əˈledʒ/
v.（无证据地）声称
to assert without proof or before proving
v.辩解
to bring forward as a reason or excuse【派】alleged adj. （未经证实而）陈述的【例】alleged plagiarism 未经证实的剽窃行为【派】allegation n. （无证据的）指控alleviate / əˈliːvieɪt/
v.减轻；缓和
to make （as suffering）more bearable【例】alleviate traffic congestion 缓解交通堵塞allocate / ˈæləkeɪt/
v.分配
to apportion for a specific purpose or to particular persons or things【例】allocate rations for a week-long camping trip 分配一星期外出野营的定额allure / əˈlʊr/
n.诱惑力；魅力
power of attraction or fascination【例】her portrait's allure 她画像的魅力
v.诱惑；引诱
to entice by charm or attractionally
/ əˈlaɪ/ v. 联合
to unite or form a connection or relation between
/ ˈælaɪ/ n. 同盟者；伙伴
one that is allied with another, especially by treaty【派】alliance n. 结盟；联盟【例】an alliance of labor unions 工会的结盟【派】misalliance n. 不适当的结合 | 不适当的婚姻【派】allegiance n. 忠诚【例】racial and national allegiance 对种族和国家的忠诚【例】allegiance to the nation 对国家忠诚alter / ˈɔːltər/
v.改变（性质、位置、大小、形状等）
to make different without changing into something else【例】life-altering events 改变人生轨迹的事件【派】alternate v. 交替；间隔 | | adj. 交替的；间隔的【派】alternative adj. 两者择一的 | | n. 取舍；选择余地【例】an alternative explanation 另一种解释【派】alternation n. 交替；间隔【派】altered（反：unaltered）adj. 改变的amateur / ˈæmətər/
n.业余者；外行
one who engages in a pursuit, study, science, or sport as a pastime rather than as a profession【例】an amateur musician 业余的音乐家【派】amateurish adj. 业余的；外行的【例】amateurish efforts to the creation of art 在艺术创作中不专业的尝试ambition / æmˈbɪʃn/
n.雄心；抱负；目标
an eager or strong desire to achieve something, such as fame or power【例】political ambitions 政治抱负【派】ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的；有抱负的【例】ambitious goals 雄心壮志【例】ambitious employees 有抱负的雇员ameliorate / əˈmiːliəreɪt/
v.改善
to make better or more tolerable【派】ameliorative adj. 改善的amend / əˈmend/
v.修改；纠正
to change or modify for the better【例】amend the earlier proposal 修改建议书初稿amenity / əˈmenəti/
n.（常pl.）便利设施
something that adds to one's ease of living【例】amenities of life 生活便利设施
n.社交礼仪；礼节
an act or utterance that is a customary show of good manners
n.愉快；适意
the quality of being pleasant or agreeableanalogy / əˈnælədʒi/
n.相似；类似
similarity in some respects between things that are otherwise dissimilar【例】analogy between the two events 两件事的相似之处
n.类比；类推
a comparison based on such similarity【例】make analogy （对几件事物）进行类比【派】analogous adj. 相似的【例】A is analogous to B. A与B相似。anatomy / əˈnætəmi/
n.解剖学
a branch of morphology that deals with the structure of organismsanomaly / əˈnɑ:məli/
n.异常；异类
deviation from the common rule【例】Female physicians are anomalies. 女性是医生中的异类（少数）。【派】anomalous adj. 异常的【例】be in an anomalous position （某人的）地位与众不同anonymous / əˈnɑ:nɪməs/
adj.匿名的；不署名的
not named or identified【例】an anonymous author 一个匿名的作者
adj.不显著的；无特色的
lacking individuality, distinction, or recognizability【派】anonymity n. 匿名anthem / ˈænθəm/
n.颂歌
a song or hymn of praise or gladnessanthology / ænˈθɑ:lədʒi/
n.选集
a collection of selected literary pieces or passages or works of art or musicanticipate / ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/
v.预见到（要发生的事或要做的事）而采取措施
to foresee and deal with in advance【例】anticipate a possible objection 预见到可能的批评
v.期望
to look forward to as certain【派】anticipatory adj. 预期的 | 预防的【例】anticipatory knowledge of events 对事件预测性的了解【派】anticipated adj. 预期的；预料到的【例】anticipated outcome 预期的收入antipathy / ænˈtɪpəθi/
n.憎恶；反感
settled aversion or dislike【例】antipathy for sb./sth. 对某人/某事物反感
n.令人反感的人或事物
something or someone that is hatedantique / ænˈtiːk/
n.古董；古玩
a work of art, piece of furniture, or decorative object made at an earlier period【例】an antique chair 一把古董椅
adj.古时的；自古就有的
existing since or belonging to earlier times【派】antiquated adj. 陈旧的；过时的【例】antiquated methods 陈旧、过时的方法【派】antiquity n. 古代 | [pl.] 古迹【派】antiquarian adj.（n.）研究、搜集或出售古物的（人）aperture / ˈæpətʃər/
n.隙缝, 孔
an opening or open spaceaphorism / ˈæfərɪzəm/
n.（短小精悍的）格言；警句
a concise statement of a principleappeal / əˈpiːl/
v.（n.）吸引（力）；感染（力）
the power of arousing a sympathetic response【例】That idea appeals to him. 那个想法使他很感兴趣。
v.恳求；呼吁
to make an earnest request【例】appeal to them for help 恳求他们帮忙【派】appealing adj. 吸引人的【例】an appealing boy 一个讨人喜欢的小男孩appetite / ˈæpɪtaɪt/
n.胃口；食欲
the desire to eat
n.（对某事物的）强烈的喜爱；欲望
an inherent craving【例】appetite of the worldwide audience 全世界观众的喜好【例】appetite for history 对历史的喜爱apply / əˈplaɪ/
v.运用；应用
to put to use, especially for some practical purpose【例】apply the theory 应用理论
v.使（法律等）实施或生效
to put into operation or effect
v.集中精力（做事）；专心
to employ diligently or with close attention【例】apply oneself to work 专心工作
v.申请；请求
to make an appeal or request especially in the form of a written application
v.（与某人或某事物）有关；有效；适用
to have relevance or a valid connection
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