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胡壮麟《语言学教程》（第5版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】试读：
第一部分 考研真题精选
一、填空题
1. Chomsky proposes that the course of language acquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）【答案】innate【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。
2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communication (e.g. to express ideas, attitudes) or in particular social situations(e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Function【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。
3. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _____it is associated with.（人大2007研）【答案】meaning【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。
4. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called _____.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】performative【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
5. Phonetics is the study of _____ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.（北京邮电大学2015研）【答案】speech【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。
6. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words.（中山大学2017研）【答案】combinations【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.
7. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is _____ and performance.（人大2006研）【答案】competence【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。
8. When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____.（中山大学2018研）【答案】inflection【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。
9. _____ is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.（北二外2016研）【答案】Diachronic【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的，共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的语言，描写语言的一个“状态”，不管正在发生哪些变化。
10. When air is forced out of the lungs, it causes the _____ _____ to vibrate.（中山大学2018研）【答案】vocal folds【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。在大多数情况下，气流源自肺部，气流从肺中压出，引起声带的振动。
11. _____ is the study of speech sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order.（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】Phonetics【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。
12. When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is _____ function.（北二外2015研）【答案】phatic【解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能。寒暄功能是语言最基本的一项功能。人们用寒暄语来营造一种气氛或保持社会联系而非交流信息。人们使用寒暄语就是为了缓和谈话双方的关系，同时使谈话双方从心理上得到满足。
13. Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of _____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds. （中山大学2017研）【答案】symbols【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
14. Syntax is the study of how words combine to make sentences. The order of words in sentences varies from language to language. English language, for instance, generally follows a _____ order, as in the sentence “The dog (subject) bit (verb) the man (object).”（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】SVO【解析】本题考查英语句子的语序。英语句子的基本语序是主谓宾结构。
15. _____ is the name for oppositeness relation.（北二外2015研）【答案】antonymy【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。反义关系就是相反的语义关系。
16. Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857—1913) was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language is a system of signs. To communicate ideas, _____ must be part of a system of signs, called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the _____ and the signified.（北京邮电大学2015研）【答案】sounds, signifier【解析】本题考查关于语言作为符号系统的观点。他认为语言是一个符号系统，声音只有作为该符号系统的一部分才能被视作语言。符号包括两方面，能指和所指。
17. _____ is the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.（北二外2016研）【答案】Displacement【解析】本题考查语言本质特征的移位性。移位性指的是就内容或者思想的表达来讲，人类语言的使用是不受时空限制的，可以用于涉及真实的或者想象的，过去的、现在的或将来的事情。这不同于动物“语言”，因为大多数动物的“语言”需要“即时刺激控制”。
18. The most serious defect concerns the use of semantic markers like (Human) and (Male), which, more usually called semantic components are elements of an artificial _____.（北京邮电大学2014研）【答案】metalanguage【解析】本题考查成分分析的弊端。通过语义特征来进行成分分析的一大弊端是这些意义特征使用的是人工化的元语言，元语言本身的含义也需进一步解释。
19. _____ refers to the way that a word has a form appropriate to the number or gender of the noun or pronoun it relates to.（中山大学2017研）【答案】Agreement【解析】Agreement or concord is defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another., shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category (or categories).
20. In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into _____ words and _____ words.（南开大学2007研）【答案】lexical, grammatical【解析】从词所表达的意义划分，词可分为词汇词和语法词。
21. When we consider how language has changed over time we are looking at it from a _____ point of view.（中山大学2017研）【答案】diachronic【解析】When we study language developments through time, it is called diachronic linguistics. It focuses on the differences in two or more than two states of language over decades or centuries.
22. The sound [p] can be described with “_____, bilabial, stop”.（北二外2015研）【答案】voiceless【解析】本题考查音系学的相关知识。[p]的语音特征可以被描述为清辅音，双唇音，塞音。
23. A _____ typically contains a consonant or set of consonants followed by a vowel followed by another consonant or set of consonants.（中山大学2018研）【答案】syllable【解析】音节是超音段研究中的一个重要单位。音节必须有一个“节核”或者“韵峰”，通常由元音来承担，但有时也可以由具有成音节特征的辅音来起节核的作用，通常在节核的前后还可以有辅音丛的出现。
24. The _____ is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.（北二外2015研）【答案】morpheme【解析】本题考查词素的含义。词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。意思或语法功能的最小单位。
25. The type of stress which distinguishes words such as /'transpɒt/ from /tran'pɒt/ is known as _____ stress.（中山大学2018研）【答案】word【解析】单词重音是指一个单词内部重读音节和非重读音节的语调模式。
26. A _____ refers to each position in a tree diagram in TG where lines meet. In each of these positions is a symbol for a grammatical category.（中山大学2018研）【答案】constituent【解析】成分，作为一个术语，指的是用于句子结构分析的一个语言单位，它是一个比其更大的语言单位的一部分。几个成分共同构成一个结构体。
27. According to Saussure, _____ refers to the concrete utterances of a speaker.（北二外2016研）【答案】parole【解析】本题考查言语的概念。根据索绪尔的观点，言语指的是语言的实际应用，是具体的个人的动态的语言现象，不同于语言，语言是全民的、概括的、有限的、静态的系统知识。
28. Voicing refers to the _____ of the vocal folds.（北二外2016研）【答案】vibration【解析】本题考查辅音发音过程中的清浊特征的定义。若发音过程中，声带振动，则为浊辅音，反之则为清辅音。
29. _____ is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.（南开大学2007研）【答案】Morphophonology【解析】形态音系学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。
30. By _____, we mean the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.（北二外2014研）【答案】duality【解析】二重性是指两层结构的属性。底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。
31. Edward Sapir (1884—1939), American linguist and anthropologist, studied linguistics and anthropology at Columbia University with the noted anthropologist and ethnologist Franz Boas. His idea on language thought was later developed by his student, B. L. Whorf, and known as the Sapir-Whorf _____.（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】Hypothesis【解析】本题考查萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说。该假说是由萨丕尔和沃尔夫两人提出的关于语言和人的思维之间的关系。
32. The sound [k] can be described with “_____ velar stop/plosive”.（北二外2014研）【答案】voiceless【解析】[k]属于清辅音，爆破音，软腭音。
33. _____ words are often avoided because they are unacceptable in many social situations.（中山大学2018研）【答案】Taboo【解析】禁忌语是指在某些情况下避免使用令人难堪的词。禁忌语或者是完全避免使用，或者是用委婉语代替。
34. It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at least five parameters, namely, phonologic, morphologic, syntactic, semantic and _____.（北京邮电大学2015研）【答案】pragmatic【解析】本题考查语言学的五个主要方面。语言学的五个主要方面关注语音音系，形态，句法，语义和语用。
35. _____ concerns the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer.（北二外2014研）【答案】Perlocutionary act【解析】取效行为是通过说话完成或通过说话所产生的行为，是由话语所带来的结果和变化。
二、选择题
1. The maxim of_____ requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.（对外经贸2015研）
A. quantity
B. quality
C. manner
D. relation【答案】D【解析】在语言学中，The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括：Quantity Maxim(数量准则)；Quality Maxim(质量准则)；Relation Maxim(关系准则)；Manner Maxim(方式准则)。其中关系准则要求说话要贴切，要有关联(be relevant)，不答非所问。因此答案选D。
2. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.（北二外2017研）
A. meaning
B. word class
C. form
D. speech sound【答案】B【解析】morpheme语素，分为自由语素和黏着语素，其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派生词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式，不能构成新词。也即屈折词缀增加的是表示句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。
3. “Wife”, which used to refer to any woman, stands for “a married woman” in modern English. This phenomenon is known as _____.（西安交大2008研）
A. semantic shift
B. semantic broadening
C. semantic elevation
D. semantic narrowing【答案】D【解析】词义缩小是指原来的词义缩小或被限制到某个明确的意义上。
4. Which of the following words are formed by blending?（对外经贸2005研）
A. girlfriend
B. television
C. smog
D. bunch【答案】C【解析】smog是由smoke和fog二词缩合而成的。
5. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.（南京大学2007研）
A. resolution
B. resident
C. restart
D. resignation【答案】C【解析】/s/ 在restart中位于清辅音前，所以被轻音化。
6. The word “hospitalize” is an example of _____ in terms of word formation.（北二外2017研）
A. Derivation
B. Compound
C. Inflection
D. Clipping【答案】A【解析】考查英语构词法。常见的有：Conversion（词性转化法），Acronym(首字母缩略词)，Clipping（截短法），派生法（derivation），合成法（compounding），混合法（blending）。hospitalize是由hospital加后缀-ize构成的，即属于派生法。故选A。
7. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by _____ respectively.（大连外国语学院2008研）
A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy
B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy
C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy【答案】A【解析】有三种涵义关系，分别为同义关系，反义关系和上下义关系。
8. _____ refers to the obstruction of the air stream caused by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production of [t].（北二外2017研）
A. Stop
B. Dental
C. Alveolar
D. Glide【答案】C【解析】考查辅音的分类。根据发音部位，主要分为双唇音（bilabials），唇齿音（labiodental），齿音（dental），齿龈音（alveolar），硬腭音（palatal），软腭音（velar），声门音（glottal）；而按照发音方式，可分为爆破音（stops），磨擦音（fricatives），破擦音（affricates），鼻音（nasals），流音（liquids），滑音（Glides）。由题意，舌端和齿龈形成阻碍成音，即为齿龈音，常见辅音有[t] [d] [s] [z] [ts] [dz] [n] [l]，故C正确。
9. Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation?（对外经贸2005研）
A. Vowel and consonant
B. Mouth and tongue
C. Lexicon and word
D. Number and gender【答案】B【解析】布谷鸟是鸟的下义词，舌是口腔的下义词。
10. In Saussure’s view, a sign is just like a coin. It has two sides. One is the signifier, the other is called the _____.（北二外2017研）
A. significant
B. signified
C. sign
D. index【答案】B【解析】索绪尔认为语言是一种符号系统，符号由“能指”（signifiant, signifier）和“所指”（signifie, signified）两部分组成。“能指”指语言的声音形象，“所指”指语言所反映的事物的概念。
11. Which of the following is true of an allophone?（对外经贸2005研）
A. A phone can be the allophone of all English vowel phonemes.
B. There are no restrictions on the distribution of an allophone.
C. There is no possibility of an allophone becoming a phoneme.
D. An allophone changes the meaning of the word.【答案】C【解析】音素是语音学研究的一个基本单位，是人类的发音器官所能发出的最小语音片段，音位是一组语音特征的抽象集合体，并不是所有的因素都是音位。音位变体必须互补分布，且不会改变词义。）
12. How is the word “hibernate” formed, which means “to ignore friends when you start dating a new boyfriend or girlfriend”?（对外经贸2017研）
A. through blending
B. through compounding
C. through derivation
D. through conversion【答案】C【解析】hibernate本意为“冬眠”，“在开始恋爱时忽视朋友”是其衍生的意思，故选C。
13. Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change?（大连外国语学院2008研）
A. INVENTION.
B. ACRONYM.
C. LEXICON.【答案】C【解析】词的变化方式很多，新创词和缩略语都属于其中，而选项C不属于。
14. Syntax relations can be analysed into three kinds, namely, positional relations, relations of substitutability and relations of_____.（北二外2014研）
A. coherence
B. unity
C. co-occurrence
D. reference【答案】C【解析】句法关系包括位置关系，替代关系以及同现关系。
15. The part of the grammar that represents a speaker’s knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called _____.（对外经贸2015研）
A. lexicon
B. morphology
C. syntax
D. semantics【答案】C【解析】代表说话者对短语和句子结构的认识的语法部分被称为句法。syntax句法。lexicon词汇。morphology形态学。semantics语义学。
16. According to the conversation maxim of _____suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.（西安外国语学院2006研）
A. quantity
B. quality
C. relevance
D. manner【答案】B【解析】格莱斯的合作原则有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。其中质量准则指设法使你的话语真实。1.不要讲明知是虚假的话；2.不要说没证据的话。
17. _____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.（北二外2014研）
A. phoneme
B. syllable
C. Morpheme
D. vowel【答案】C【解析】语素是最小的语言单位，不能再进一步分成更小的单位而不破坏或彻底改变词汇意义和语法意义。
18. _____other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes.（大连外国语学院2008研）
A. Polymorphemic words
B. Bound morphemes
C. Free morphemes【答案】A【解析】多语素词可被分为词根和词缀，而合成词是不可以被这样分的。
19. The branch of linguistics that studies the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language is called _____.（对外经贸2017研）
A. acoustics
B. phonology
C. phonetics
D. articulation【答案】B【解析】音位学是研究人类语言中的语音模块系统和模式的方法。
20. Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break—daybreak.（大连外国语学院2008研）
A. inflection and compound
B. compound and derivation
C. inflection and derivation【答案】A【解析】屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀表现语法关系，如tables。合成词是由词根语素按一定的规则组合起来构成的，如daybreak。
21. The semantic relation between vegetable and cabbage is _____.（对外经贸2017研）
A. hyponymy
B. meronymy
C. antonymy
D. homonymy【答案】A【解析】蔬菜和卷心菜之间的语义关系是上下义（hyponymy）。
22. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____.（西安交大2008研）
A. how people produce and recognize possible sentences
B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C. how words and phrases form sentences
D. All of the above【答案】D【解析】乔姆斯基在其经典理论中提出短语结构规则，这个规则有助于我们更好的明白句子是如何产生与被理解的，以及单词和短语是怎样根据语法规则形成句子的。
23. Which of the following is an example of clipping?（对外经贸2015研）
A. condo
B. D-Day
C. netizen
D. ISIS【答案】A【解析】clipping（截短法）指的是一种构词法，把一个词的一部分去掉，构成一个新词。condo分户出售公寓大厦（等于condominium），因此答案选A。
24. _____ refers to relations of meaning that exist within the text, and that define it as a text.（北二外2016研）
A. Agreement
B. Cohesion
C. Recursiveness
D. Embedding【答案】B【解析】本题考查衔接的定义。衔接机制又叫做衔接手段，指把话语的前后部分联系起来的语言成分，而所谓衔接就是指语义联系，把几个句子在语义上联系起来。
25. Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending?（对外经贸2006研）
A. WTO
B. Motel
C. Bookshelf
D. red-faced【答案】B【解析】混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成，一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来，或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。Motel是由motor与hotel二词的缩合。
26. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _____.（西安交大2008研）
A. lexical words
B. grammatical words
C. function words
D. form words【答案】A【解析】开放类词的成员数目基本上是无限的,名词、动词、形容词和副词属于开放类词。
27. “_____” is often understood as a language system between the target language and the learner’s native language.（北二外2015研）
A. Input Hypothesis
B. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
C. Interlanguage
D. Contrastive Analysis【答案】C【解析】本题考查中介语的含义。中介语是指第二语言学习者建构起来的介于母语和目的语之间的过渡性语言，它处于不断的发展变化过程中，并逐渐向目的语靠近。
28. Which of the following are homographs?（对外经贸2015研）
A. lead, lead
B. rest, wrest
C. lie, lie
D. beat, bit【答案】C【解析】homographs同形异义词，指在语法形式上拼写和发音完全相同，而意义不同的词。lie“躺着”，还有“说谎”的意思，所以C选项中两个词是同形异义词。
29. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _____ and meanings.（对外经贸2015研）
A. sound
B. sense
C. ideas
D. objects【答案】A【解析】语言的任意性指的是它的涵义和发音之间没有逻辑关联，所以答案选A。
30. Generally speaking, there are six parts of speech in English. They are subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial and _____（北二外2017研）
A. case
B. mood
C. article
D. complement【答案】D【解析】英语句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语八种，而通常认为“句子主干主谓宾，枝叶部分定状补。”
31. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _____ is considered.（对外经贸2015研）
A. speech act
B. practical usage
C. context
D. reference【答案】C【解析】语义学和语用学的本质区别在于研究意义时是否考虑了语言使用的语境，所以答案选C。
32. Which is not the feature of language?（北二外2015研）
A. Arbitrariness
B. Duality
C. Creativity
D. Replacement【答案】D【解析】本题考查语言的定义属性。语言的定义属性表明了人类语言的独特性包括任意性，二元性，创造性以及移位性，选项A、B、C分别对应前三个特点，因此该题选D。
33. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language?（对外经贸2015研）
A. competence
B. parole
C. performance
D. langue【答案】A【解析】乔姆斯基认为说话者的头脑中的语言知识系统被称为语言能力（language competence），因此答案选A。
34. _____ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a groups of words, which serves as a definable Center or Head.（北二外2016研）
A. Constituent
B. Endocentric
C. Exocentric
D. Connective【答案】B【解析】本题考查句法学中的向心和离心结构。本题阐述的内容为向心结构，向心结构指的是至少有一个直接成份跟整体的语法功能相同的结构叫向心结构。向心结构里跟整体功能相同的直接成分叫做这个向心结构的核心。
35. By saying “You have left the door wide open”, a speaker might be performing the three acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary _____.（西安交通大学2008研）
A. at the same time
B. one after another
C. two first and then the other
D. one first and then the other two【答案】D【解析】言语行为理论中的发话行为先发生，然后行事行为和取效行为才发生。行事行为和取效行为属于话后行为。
36. Of the consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /m/, /z/ and /g/, which has the features of voiceless and velar?（对外经贸2005研）
A. /k/
B. /p/
C. /g/
D. /t/【答案】A【解析】/k/是清音，软腭音，爆破音；/t/是齿龈音，爆破音，清音；/g/是浊音，软腭音，爆破音，/p/是双唇音，爆破音，轻音。
37. _____ is made up from the first letters of the name of an organization, which has a heavily modified headword.（北二外2016研）
A. Category
B. Synonoymy
C. Antonymy
D. Acronym【答案】D【解析】本题考查词首字母缩略词。利用短语中每个词的第一个字母代表组合成这个词组的缩略词，就叫做首字母缩略词。首字母缩略词是通过组合每个词的首位字母构成新词或是专有名词的形式。
三、判断正误
1. Coordination refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other, and usually a constituent of the other.（北二外2016研）【答案】F【解析】本题考查句法学中并列和从属关系的定义。并列关系指的是两个语言单位的地位相等，相互并列。从属关系指的是从属是语义上分清主次的手段是把次要的思想内容置于结构上的从属地位，从而突出句子的主要思想。因此该表述有误。
2. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language.（清华2000研）【答案】F【解析】It is the exception of the arbitrariness of language.
3. English consonants can be classified into two categories: voiced and voiceless consonants.（对外经贸2006研）【答案】T
4. Both voicing and aspiration are phonological features in English because they distinguish meaning.（上外2000研）【答案】F【解析】区别性特征是指和音系有关的，即能够区别意义的语音特征，如英语音系中的爆破、双唇、清音等特征。voicing是能够区别意义的语音特征之一，但aspiration不是。
5. The “Theory of Conversational Implicature” was first proposed by John L. Austin.（北二外2015研）【答案】F【解析】本题考查会话含义理论。会话含义理论是美国哲学家格莱斯首先提出的，它是语用学的核心内容。而奥斯汀提出的是言语行为理论，因此该表述有误。
6. Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】T
7. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.（上外2000研）【答案】T【解析】合作原则是格莱斯提出的重要的语用原则，其目的是解释人们如何传达自己的会话意图的。
8. Mutual expectancy is a prerequisite of a collocation.（清华2001研）【答案】T
9. Wherever humans exist, language exists.（对外经贸2006研）【答案】F【解析】At the primitive period of human beings, there wasn’t language.
10. Phonology studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, that is, how speech sounds are actually made, transmitted and received.（北二外2015研）【答案】F【解析】本题考查音系学的含义。音系学研究语言的语音系统的一门学科，包括对当代语言的语音系统的分析和对历史语音变化的研究两个方面。而题干中是语音学的含义。因此该表述有误。
11. INVENTION is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】F【解析】Blending is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
12. All human languages utilize a finite set of discrete units to form an infinite set of possible sentences.（对外经贸2006研）【答案】T
13. Linguistics is primarily concerned with, natural languages.（清华2000研）【答案】T
14. The word of “impossibility” contains four morphemes.（对外经贸2006研）【答案】F (“im-” “possibl-” “-ity”)
15. Pidgins differ from creoles in that pidgins are used as the primary language and acquired by children as their native language while creoles do not have native speakers.（上外2000研）【答案】F【解析】皮钦语不是任何人的母语，是在交往联系的情况下（例如交易）学习的语言变体。当皮钦语得到发展不再是作为交易的语言而成为一个社会群体的第一语言时，它就成为克里奥尔语。由皮钦语转变
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