作者：徐广联
出版社：华东理工大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
名师英语语法课堂：动词不定式试读：
作者简介
徐广联
南京理工大学教授，研究方向为英美文学和翻译，醉心于英语教学，痴迷于英语语法。根据其毕生研究及教学经验，编写畅销经典语法书《大学英语语法——讲座与测试》及《当代高级英语语法》。《大学英语语法——讲座与测试》一书在广大英语学习者之间广受好评，成为众多学子英语学习道路上的必备工具书，也成为众多英语教师难得的案头参考书。
动词不定式（INFINITIVE）
一、构成与特征
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，由“to+动词原形”构成，在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留动词的一些特征，可以带宾语、状语或宾语补足语等。例如：
He tried to work out the problem in five minutes.他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。（带宾语和状语）
This country，my country，is a place of dreamers who have the faith and the will to make dreamscome true.这个国家，我的祖国，是一片让那些有信心和意志让梦想成真的人梦寐以求的国土。（带宾语和补足语）
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让您久等了。（完成时）
I am glad to have been given a chance to visit your country.我很高兴有机会访问贵国。（完成时，被动语态）
不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。作主语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句；作定语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句；作宾语时，相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句；作目的状语时，相当于由so that或in order that引导的目的状语从句。例如：
It is right for her to say so.她这样说是对的。（=It is right that she should say so.）
He has a lot of work to do.他有许多工作要做。（=...that he should/must do.）
I don't know where to get the ticket.我不知道在哪里能弄到票。（=...where I could get the ticket.）
She opened the door for the children to come in.她开了门，让孩子们进来。（=...so that the children might come in.）
二、功能
1.作主语
To think of you makes me old.思君令人老。
To know oneself is difficult.人能自知，实属不易。
To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。
To talk to her is to talk to a wall.同她谈是对牛弹琴。
To know everything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。
To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.这样做是削足适履。
To see what is right and fail to do it，is want of courage.见义不为，是谓无勇。
To be good at fighting is not to be civilized.善于打斗，并非文明表现。
To be human is to err.瓜无滚圆，人无十全。
To be working all day long is a bore.整天干活使人厌倦。（不定式进行式）
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.爱他人并为他人所爱是人生最大的幸福。
To be learned in literature is such a different thing from liking it.精通文学和喜欢文学完全是两码事。
For him to admit his mistakes is not easy.要他承认错误是不容易的。（带逻辑主语）
For her sister Mary to study music is a proper choice.要她妹妹玛丽学习音乐是恰当的选择。（带逻辑主语）
For there to be so few people in the streets at this time of the day is unusual.这个时候，街道上行人这么少，真是不正常。（there be结构）
To have known you is a privilege.认识了你真是荣幸。（不定式完成式）
Never to offend anyone is his principle.不得罪人是他的原则。（带副词）
Never to have made any mistake is impossible.从不犯错误是不可能的。（带副词）
How to make our life longer is a big problem.怎样使我们活得更长久是个大问题。（带连接副词）
不定式（短语）作主语时，往往由it代替它作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，这种情况多见于口语中。例如：
It means failure to hesitate.犹豫不决就意味着失败。
It's hard to restore a broken mirror.破镜难圆。
It would be silly to believe him.相信他是愚蠢的。
It's unlike him to be late.他可不是迟到的那种人。
How does it feel to be on your own?自由自在的感觉怎样?
It's a virtue to admit and overcome one's own shortcomings.正视并克服自己的缺点是一种美德。
It's a shame to say like that.那样说话是可耻的。（It+be+名词+不定式）
It takes two to make a quarrel.两个人才吵得起来。（It+动词+宾语+不定式）
It would be wrong for people to marry for money.人们为钱而结婚是错误的。（It+be+形容词+ for短语+不定式）
It was annoying of Jim to lose my bike.吉姆把我的自行车弄丢了令人生气。（It+be+形容词+ of短语+不定式）
It is against my principles to do such a thing.做这样的事是违反我的原则的。（It+be+介词短语+不定式）
考查下面两句谚语：
Better be envied than pitied.令人嫉妒胜似令人怜悯。
To be envied is better than to be pitied.
It is better to be envied than to be pitied.
Better buy than borrow.买比借强。
To buy is better than to borrow.
It is better to buy than to borrow.【提示】
①不定式作主语时，在很多情况下都可用动名词替代。例如：
Hesitating means failure.
Thinking of you makes me old.
Knowing oneself is difficult.
但是，如果作主语的不定式是固定说法，或表示较强烈的对比，或某些具体情况等，通常不用动名词替代。例如：
To err is human.没有不犯错误的人。（不说Erring is human.）
To respect others is to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。
To love is to be loved.爱别人就是被人爱。
To forgive is to be forgiven.原谅他人就是原谅自己。
To love nature is to love mankind itself.爱自然就是爱人类。
To teach is to learn.教即是学。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.要是一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（某次具体情况）
②有时候，作主语的不定式相当于一个条件从句。例如：
To love others is to be loved.爱人即爱己。
=If you love others，you will be loved by others.
To build an expressway across the country requires a lot of money.建一条贯通全国的高速公路需要很多钱。
=If you build an expressway across the country，it will require a lot of money.
To see her is to love her.见了她就会爱上她。
=If one sees her，one will love her.
③如果作主语的不定式短语是“及物动词+宾语”，常可以把这个宾语转换为主语，而把不定式移到句尾。例如：
To revise the poem took her two weeks.修改这首诗花了她两周时间。
The poem took her two weeks to revise.（the poem是revise的逻辑宾语）
To talk with Helen is interesting.同海伦谈话很有趣。
=Helen is interesting to talk with.
To build this museum requires one million dollars.建造这个博物馆需要100万美元。
The museum requires one million dollars to build.
To deal with the matter is hard.处理这件事很难。
The matter is hard to deal with.
To decorate the room cost me 4，000 yuan.装修这个房间花了我4 000元。
=The room cost me 4，000 yuan to decorate.
2.作表语
1 表示目的To live is to do something worthwhile.活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
The purpose of the exchange program is to promote the understanding between the two countries.这项交流计划旨在促进两国之间的相互了解。
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim，and the determination to attain it.人生最重要的事情就是要有一个伟大的奋斗目标和为实现这一目标的决心。【提示】下面是一个歧义句：
His object is not to eat.
他的目的不在吃饭。
他的目的就是不吃饭。2 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言
She's to be admired.她应该受到敬重。
You are to die at ninety-eight.你会在98岁时去世。
One is to struggle for one's living.人要为自己的生存奋斗。
To do it is to ruin yourself.做那事只会毁掉你自己。
To criticize them is to make enemies.批评他们就是结怨。
To become a slave is to give up one's freedom.当奴隶就是放弃自由。
Man is to live a better life in the next century.人类在下一世纪会生活得更好。
He was to perish in a shipwreck and to leave a wife and two children.后来他在一次船只失事中死了，留下了妻子和两个孩子。
The girl was born during the illness of his father whom he was never to see.那个女孩是在她父亲病重期间出生的，她再也见不到自己的父亲了。
You must speak out，if we are to remain friends.如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。3 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求意见
What am I to say if they ask me the question?要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢?
What am I to do if I have no money?如果没有钱，我该怎么办呢?（=What should I do if...）4 用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must，具有情态意义
The regulations are to be observed.规章制度必须遵守。（must）
Gossips are to be dreaded.人言可畏。
You are to be rewarded.你应受奖励。（should）
He is not to be feared.不应怕他。（should not be）
It's nowhere to be found.哪儿也找不到它。（can't be）
This kind of grass is to be seen everywhere.这种草哪儿都能见到。（can be）
These books are not to be sold.这些书不应卖掉。（ought not to be）
Men are not to be measured by inches.人不是可以用身高来衡量的。
Love and cough are not to be hidden.爱情像咳嗽一样是隐藏不住的。
He is to be congratulated on his brilliant discoveries.他作出了重大贡献，应该祝贺。（ought to）5 表示“同意，安排，命令，决定，劝告，意愿，禁止”等
They are to marry next week.他们下周结婚。（安排）
He is to give up drinking.他务必要戒酒。（命令式劝告）
Children are not to smoke.儿童不准吸烟。（禁止）
Nobody is to know.不应让任何人知道。（禁止）
The man is guilty and is to undergo ten months'imprisonment.那人犯了罪，要处以10个月的监禁。（决定）
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.要想成功，就必须有耐心，有毅力。（愿望）6 不定式作表语，可用主动形式表示被动意义
She is to blame.她应该受到责备。
The house is to let.该房屋出租。
A great deal is yet to do.还有许多事要做。
The result is not long to see.结果不久就会看到。
Something is still to find out.有些东西还有待查明。
Little remains to do.没有什么可做的了。
3.作动词宾语
I can't afford to take flying lessons.我付不起飞行课程的费用。
She longed to go back to her hometown.她渴望返回家乡。
He refused to be photographed.他拒绝让人拍照。
She deserved to be praised.她值得受表扬。
I can't bear to look back.往事不堪回首。
I trust to hear good news from you.我相信能听到你的好消息。
He arranged to meet her there.他安排在那里见她。
He swore to abide by this principle.他发誓恪守这一原则。
I prefer to call off the meeting on account of our director's absence.因为主任不在，我认为还是取消会议好。
下列动词适合接不定式作宾语（大约90个）：
afford，arrange，bear，beg，care，commence，demand，dislike，endeavour，fear，forget，hate，hesitate，like，love，mean，neglect，pledge，prefer，propose，resolve，threaten，undertake，venture，contrive，condescend，contract，aspire，hasten，plot，proceed，agree同意，consent同意，decline拒绝，refuse拒绝，offer提出，promise答应，choose选择，decide决定，determine决心，attempt试图，intend企图，manage设法，fail失败，ask要求，hope希望，want想要，expect指望，long渴望，wish希望，tend倾向于，desire希望，seek寻求，claim声称，plan计划，prepare准备，learn学会，mean意欲，打算，volunteer自愿，pretend假装，dare敢于，等。【提示】
①feel，find，judge，make，think，believe，consider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，补语是形容词（间或是名词），常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。例如：
I find it difficult to work with him.我发现同他共事很难。
I believe it best to leave the matter entirely to his discretion.我相信这件事由他决定处理最好。
He thought it a great pity not to have invited her.他认为没邀请她是个极大的遗憾。
She made it a rule to get up at five.她通常在5点钟起床。
I judge it useless to be arguing with him.我认为同他争辩没有用。
I supposed it a great pity for Henry to do such a silly thing.我认为亨利做这样的傻事真是太可惜了。
She regards it as of great importance for the Chinese to learn from other countries.她认为中国人向别的国家学习十分重要。
They considered it little use to spend more money on it.他们认为在那上面多花钱毫无用处。
②think后有时也可跟不定式作宾语，在疑问句和否定句中用得较多。例如：
I never thought to meet you here.我没想到在这里遇见你。
Did he think to find out the truth？他想弄明白事实真相吗？
I did not think to find you two here.我没料到会在这里碰到你们俩。
I thought to arrive early but I couldn't.我很想早些到，可是早不了。
I think to buy a new dictionary.我想买一本新词典。（相当于 I think I shall buy a new dictionary.）
③care在否定句、疑问句和条件句中可接不定式作宾语。例如：
She doesn't care to spend much time with her relatives.她不喜欢花太多时间跟亲戚在一起。
Would you care to hear my opinion of her？你愿意听听我对她的看法吗？
If you care to meet him，I'll call him right now.如果你想见他，我马上就给他打电话。
You might care to look at the painting.他也许愿意看看这幅画。（相当于省略了条件句）
Anyone who cares to come will be welcome.谁愿意来都欢迎。（who从句相当条件句）
④but，except，besides，than，save作介词表示“除……外”时，可用不定式作宾语。参阅下文。例如：
Nothing remains but to die.除了死没有别的办法。
It had no effect except to make her angry.这毫无结果，只能惹她生气。
He did nothing for them save give them some old clothes.除了给他们一些旧衣服外，他没有为他们做什么。
4.作宾语补足语
I wrote him to come at once.我写信要他马上来。
He likes his wife to dress well.他喜欢妻子穿得漂亮。
I don't want there to be another mistake.我不想再出现错误。
I like there to be a park here.我喜欢这里有一个公园。
I don't like them to be fooling around.我不喜欢他们四处游荡。
I wished for the dictionary to be revised.我希望这本词典修订一下。
All depends upon her not to lose heart.一切都在于她不灰心。
I've arranged for the ship to be unloaded.我已安排卸船。
What caused her to give up her studies?什么使她辍学?
He proved himself to be a hero.他证明自己是个英雄。
I'll get someone to do it for you.我将找人帮你做这件事。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她要我在她不在的时候接电话。
The company advertised for a doctor of philosophy to be the editor-in-chief.这家公司登广告聘用一名哲学博士担任主编。
I prefer him not to come.我宁愿他不来。
I wish it to be finished before Friday.我希望这工作在星期五之前完成。
I understood her to say she would cooperate.我理解她说的意思是愿意合作。
I couldn't bear her to be unhappy.她不幸福，这我受不了。
She meant him to paint the door white.她的意思是让他把门漆成白色。
He promised me to decorate the house.他答应我装修房子。
Bill thought the pen to belong to John.比尔以为这支钢笔属于约翰。
The situation requires（of）us to quicken our economic reform.形势要求我们加快经济改革。
They taught me to be strong and follow my heart.他们教我学会坚强，学会听从自己的心声。
The baby wants to be born and she wants it to be born.娃娃想出来，她也想把娃娃生出来。
In many shops，the customer had to wait for someone to wait upon him.在许多商店，顾客得静候店员的招呼。
She e-mailed him to make a move to resolve the dispute.她给他发了电子邮件，要他采取行动来解决争端。
下列表示“指示，愿望，感觉”等的动词（短语）后可用不定式作宾语补足语：
challenge，drive，enable，forbid，hate，inform，like，mean，recommend，require，tempt，accustom，appoint，assign，assist，authorize，bid（sb.to do，sb.do），bribe，bring，call on，coax，coerce，commission，condemn，empower，entice，entitle，equip，fit，have（sb.do），impel，implore，incite，induce，motion to，wish for，depend upon，telephone，advertise for，arrange for，let（sb.do），listen to（sb.do），look at（sb.do），make（sb.do），oblige，prompt，send，sentence，sign，train，worry，inspire，lead，bear，promise，wait for，ask要求，request要求，tell告诉，invite邀请，force迫使，compel迫使，press迫使，get使得，cause引起，beg乞求，wish希望，prefer宁愿，want想要，intend打算，expect期望，encourage鼓励，advise劝告，persuade说服，instruct指示，allow允许，permit允许，remind提醒，urge激励，order命令，command命令，warn警告，trouble麻烦，等。【提示】
①dislike不可接不定式作宾语补足语，但should dislike则可以。例如：
我不喜欢学生抽烟。
I dislike the students to smoke.[×]
I should dislike the students to smoke.[√]
②know后可接不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
I know him to be a good worker.我知道他做起事来是一把好手。
I know this to be a fact.我知道这是一桩事实。
I have not known anything like this to happen before.我从没听说发生过这样的事。
I've never known John to tell a lie.我从没听说过约翰撒谎。
Did you ever know him to say he'd been ill？你曾经听他说过他病了吗？
③hope，demand后面不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语（参阅有关章节）。例如：
他希望妹妹能帮一把。
He hoped his sister to lend him a hand.[×]
He hoped that his sister would lend him a hand.[√]
他要我放弃那个机会。
He demanded me to give up the chance.[×]
He demanded that I give up the chance.[√]
④suggest后一般不接动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
I suggested him not to go there alone.（不说）
I suggested that he not go there alone.[√]我建议他不要单独去那里。
但见过这样的句子：
She suggested a special committee to work on a new plan.她提议成立一个特别委员会来制订一个新计划。（不定式可以看作表示目的）
⑤动词decide，discover，explain，consider，ask，find out，forget，know，imagine，learn，observe，remember，tell，show，think，understand，wonder等后可以接“how/who/whom/what/when/which/ where/whether+to不定式”作宾语。“连接代词/副词+to不定式”结构还可以作主语、主语补语、介词宾语或定语等。例如：
I know how to start the machine.我知道怎样开动这台机器。
I wonder who to invite.我想知道要邀请谁。
I must think what to do next.我必须计划一下下一步做什么。
I've forgotten where to put it.我忘了把它放在哪里了。
Harold is teaching me how to play the guitar.哈罗德在教我如何弹吉他。
She asked me which to buy.她问我买哪一个。
She doesn't understand how to look after him.她不懂得如何照顾他。
Please remind me when to pay the bill.请提醒我什么时候付账单。
I can't decide whom to invite.我决定不了邀请谁。
You ought to learn how to be patient.你应该学会怎样保持耐心。
You must not forget when to keep silent.你不能忘了什么时候该沉默。
He'll soon find out how to drive the car.他不久就会学会开车的。
They debated when to take a vote.他们争论着何时投票。
Notice how to draw a horse in motion.注意怎样画奔跑中的马。
Let's inquire how to get there.我们问一下怎样去那里。
I have to consider what to do next.我将考虑下一步该怎么做。
You should choose where to eat.你来选择在哪里吃饭吧。
I can't remember how to get there.我记不起怎样到那儿的了。
We still have to arrange how to get home.我们还必须安排好怎样回家。
Only the hunter could say where to find water.只有猎人知道哪里能找到水。
Please demonstrate how to do the experiment.该演示一下如何做这个实验。
I've shown him how to work the coffee machine.我给他示范如何使用这台咖啡机。
Please inform us how to find Dr.Brown's house.请告诉我们如何才能找到布朗博士的房子。
If you watch carefully，you will see how to do it.如果你注意看，你就会看明白这东西怎么做。
She sat by the artist and observed how to paint a field and some trees.她坐在那位艺术家身旁，观察着怎样画田野和田野上的一些树。
⑥动词feel，suppose，prove，imagine，find，declare，consider，judge，guess，assert，esteem，believe等后的宾语补足语常是“to be或to have+过去分词”形式（参阅有关章节）。例如：
I should guess her to be around thirty years old.我猜想她大约30岁。
She esteems herself to be lucky.她自认为是幸运的。
I declare the story to be false.我断言这个说法是虚假的。
I judged him to have been a gambler.我判断他曾是个赌徒。
5.作定语
1 动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间可有主谓关系或动宾关系；表示动宾关系时，如果该不定式是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有必要的介词The man to help you is Mr.Smith.愿意帮助你的人是史密斯先生。（主谓关系）
I have a paper to proofread.我有一篇文章要校对。（动宾关系）
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.他是个很好共事的人。
She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.她买了一个书架放书。
She has a room to live in.她有一个房间住。
He has a child to take care of.他有一个孩子要照管。
She can find no one to make friends with.她找不到可交朋友的人。
We have no proof to go to the police with.我们没有证据去找警察。
He lent me a book to kill time with.他借给我一本书消磨时间。
She offered me a cup of coffee to refresh my spirit with.她给我端来一杯咖啡，让我提提神。
I made notes of the phrases to be memorized.我记下了需要背诵的短语。
The thing to be these days is a government official.现在，人们愿意当的是政府官员。
Are you going to the conference to be held next week?你准备参加下周举行的会议吗?【提示】不定式所修饰的名词，可以是及物动词的宾语，双宾动词的宾语，也可以是及物性短语动词的宾语。例如：
He found no good music to enjoy.他发现没有可供欣赏的好音乐。（music是及物动词found的宾语）
They brought her some clothes to wash.他们给她带来了一些要洗的衣服。（clothes是双宾动词brought的直接宾语）
She looked for some interesting novels to read.她寻找一些有趣的小说读。（novels作短语动词looked for的宾语）2 作定语的不定式可以表示情态意义
作定语的不定式有时含有情态意义，相当于may，can，must，will，would或should所具有的含义。例如：
He has no friend to depend on.他没有可以依靠的朋友。（=whom he can depend on）
This is the only way to break open the box.这是打开这个箱子的唯一方法。（=in which way one can break open the box）
She brought a nurse to take care of her mother.她带来一位保姆，照顾她母亲。（=who may take care of her mother）
His wife left him a lot of problems to solve.他妻子给他留下一大堆问题要解决。（=which he must solve）
He is not the kind of man to do such things.他不是做这种事的人。（=who may do such things）
You have your children to consider.你还应该考虑你的孩子。（=whom you should consider）
There are always some people to believe him.总有些人会相信他。（=who may believe him）
It isn't a thing to talk about.这种事不应谈。（=which shouldn't be talked about）
He is a man to be trusted.他是个可信赖的人。（=who can be trusted）
He is not a man to tell lies.他不是撒谎的人。（=who will tell lies）
He has only an old friend to see him off.只有一位老朋友为他送行。（=who will see him off）
I have a lot of work to finish today.我今天有许多工作要完成。（=which I should finish或which I must finish）
It is a sight never to be forgotten.那景象永远也忘不了。（=that we will never forget）3 不定式可以修饰there be结构中作主语的名词
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
There is a good rule to go by.有一项应该遵守的好制度。
There is enough money to spare.钱足够用的。
There is not a moment to lose.刻不容缓。
There is plenty to eat.可吃的东西很多。
She knows all there is to know.所有的事情她全都知道。
比较：
还有更多的需要了解。
There is much more to be known.（不妥）
There is much more to know.[√]4 不定式常用于“have+the+抽象名词”结构中
He has the goodness to do it.他好意做那件事。
She has the kindness to help you.她出于好意帮助你。
He has the impudence to slander her.他厚颜无耻地诽谤她。
I didn't have the heart to tell you the bad news.我不忍心把这个坏消息告诉你。
She has the face to speak ill of Lucy.她竟厚颜地说露西的坏话。5 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语
time时间 way方法 right权利 chance机会
reason理由 effort努力 ambition志向 movement运动
It is already time to start spring sowing.是开始春播的时候了。
Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.谢谢你给我发言的机会。6 有些动词和形容词后常跟不定式，这些动词和形容词派生出来的名词后也可用不定式作定语
ability能力 agreement同意 anxiety渴望 attempt试图
claim宣称 decision决定 determination决心 need需要
plan计划 promise答应 readiness准备 tendency倾向
willingness愿意 wish希望 impatience渴望 obligation义务
inclination倾向，爱好 eagerness急切
Your ability to analyse the problem really surprises us.你分析这个问题的能力真叫我们吃惊。
His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious.看得出他急于回家。
She fulfilled her promise to send him abroad.她履行了送他出国的诺言。
He made an attempt to overcome his weaknesses.他努力克服自己的弱点。
She told me her plan to buy a villa.她和我谈到买一栋别墅的计划。【提示】这类名词后的不定式短语有时表示同位关系。例如：
His refusal to recommend Lucy to the committee is amazing.他拒绝把露茜推荐给委员会使人吃惊。
He feels an inclination to make a trip into the hills.他想到山里去玩玩。
I am under no obligation to give him what he wants.我没有他要什么就给他什么的义务。
She has a tendency to talk too much.她喜欢唠叨。
He has an ambition to become a world champion.他一心想成为世界冠军。7 不定式可以修饰作主语的名词，相当于一个定语从句，表明动作即将发生
The man to come to our assistance is Mike.来帮助我们的人是迈克。
The future to greet us will be bright.我们的未来将是美好的。
The plans to be made are of vital importance.要制订的计划至关重要。
The lecture to follow will include the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution.要上的课将包括法国大革命所带来的巨大变化这一内容。
The conference to take place next month is bound to be a great success.下周举行的会议必将是个巨大的成功。8 the first，the second，the last，the best，the only thing等常跟不定式作定语
It is the only thing to do.那是唯一可做的事。
He is always the first to answer questions.他总是第一个回答问题。
He would be the last to agree to the plan.他决不会同意这项计划。9 当go，spare作“剩下”(left)解时，可作定语；另外还有“with/without+名词+不定式”结构
He had five minutes to go before time was up.他距时间结束还有五分钟。
They had only 100 dollars to spare.他们只有100美元可用。
I can't go sightseeing with all these things to attend to.有一大堆事情要做，我不能去度假。（= because I have...）
With much money to spend，the boy was spoiled.那个男孩花钱如流水，被惯坏了。（As he had...）
With all the world to rule，he would not be content.即使能够统治全世界，他也不会满足。（Though he might...）
Men went hunting and fishing，with women to remain at home.男人去打猎、捕鱼，女人留在家里。（=and women...）
With so many people to care about her，she feels very proud.有这么多人关心她，她感到非常自豪。（As so many people...）
He left on a cold morning，without anyone to see him off.他在一个寒冷的早上离开的，没有人为他送行。（=and no one...）
Without anything to do the whole day，he felt rather dull.他整天没事干，感到很无聊。【提示】修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。例如：
I have the honour to be admitted into the society.我很荣幸被吸收进这个协会。
=I have the honour of being admitted into the society.
There is no necessity to borrow more money.
There is no necessity for borrowing more money.没有必要借更多的钱。
She has no chance to go there again.
She has no chance of going there again.她再没有机会去那里了。
Don't let slip any opportunity to practise your English.
Don't let slip any opportunity of practising your English.别错过练习英语的任何机会。
She is in no mood to speak with him tonight.
She is in no mood for speaking with him tonight.她今晚不想同他说话。10 a much-to-be-longed-for place——不定式作前置定语
不定式作定语时一般需后置，但由连字号连接的不定式短语作定
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