作者：白洁
出版社：中国人民大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
2015年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语考试历年真题精解试读：
前言
编写目的及特点
参加某种考试，最有效的复习资料莫过于往年真题，因为它具体体现了考试大纲规定的考试内容和考试要求，考生可以通过分析考题，研究命题人的出题思路，归纳题目设置特点，把握出题范围和难度，进而揣摩答题方法和技巧，在相对短的时间内最大限度地提高复习效果。
为了满足考生的需要，我们编写了《历年真题精解》这本书。本书在如下几个方面为考生复习提供帮助。
1.本书以套题形式按年代逆序编排，使考生了解最新出题动态和趋势。
2.指出并详析每题的考点，考生不但可以了解出题的角度，而且可以把握题目类型、出题模式和命题特点。
3.所有题目(包括词汇和语法结构部分的单句、完形填空、阅读理解)给出中文译文，便于考生尤其是基础较差的考生确切理解原文意思。
4.阅读部分指出文章题材、体裁，分析结构。内容包括逻辑衔接关系分析，长难句分析和生词分析，从词—句—章方面进行详细的分析讲解，考生一书在手，不用再翻词典或语法书就能够理解题意。
5.在讲解正确答案的同时，对错误选项也进行了比较详细的分析，使考生了解正确选项的设置特点和干扰项的陷阱所在，总结命题规律，掌握正确的做题思路。
6.写作部分不但给出各个分数段样卷，而且分析讲解得分多少的原因，使考生把握得分与失分点，进而指导自己的练笔，避免犯无知错误，最大限度争取高分。
历年试题结构变化
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考始于2002年，考试大纲和试题结构不断调整变化，具体如下：
1. 2002年试卷中没有设置听力题，考试卷面分值为85分，阅读部分在大纲所规定的4篇短文基础上增加1篇，为5篇文章，测试题目总数不变，仍为20道题，每篇4道题，分值不变。考试后考生成绩按满分100分作加权处理。
2. 2003年试卷增设听力题，分值为15分，但没有计入考生成绩。阅读部分没有增加篇数，为4篇文章。考试成绩仍作加权处理。
3. 2004年听力部分正式开考，并计入考生成绩，考试成绩不再进行加权处理。
4. 2005年考试大纲取消听力测试，代之以口语交际测试，分数不变。
5. 2006年至今没有新的调整变化。
根据大纲的变化，我们在解题过程中也作了相应删减和增加。如由于听力不再作为测试内容，我们就略去了这部分的讲解，增加了近两年的口语交际分析。
参加本书编写人员均是中国人民大学一线老师，他们多年从事在职英语联考考前辅导工作，对在职考生群体的英语水平的过去和现状都比较了解，积累了帮助考生复习过关的丰富经验，因此对考题的讲解更到位、更有针对性。
由于成书仓促，错误之处难免，敬请同仁和广大读者批评指正。编者上篇 真题与解析2013 年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试题
Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication(15 minutes,15 points)
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1.Speaker A: You think Sara can tell me where I can go for some shoe shopping?
Speaker B: She has all the info for shopping.
A.You bet.B.Try yourself.
C.Why not?D.I doubt.
2.Speaker A: Do you mind waiting, while I grab my wallet?
Speaker B: We've still got time.
A.Take it easy.B.Yes, please.
C.I sure do.D.No hurry.
3.Speaker A: Chinese or Italian, what would you prefer for dinner?
Speaker B: , as far as I don't have to cook.
A.That sounds goodB.You said it
C.Either oneD.I like the former
4.Speaker A: Well, you can see dolphins ahead of you if we don't run out of fuel.
Speaker B: Is that right?
Speaker A: Maybe about another two and a half hours.
A.I couldn't wait to see them.B.When would it be?
C.How long will it take?D.How fast should we go?
5.Speaker A: Do you have the notes from last week's class? I was sick last time.
Speaker B: .Here you go.
A.Oh, yes.B.Why not?
C.What's wrong with you?D.I didn't know.
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman.At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
6.Bob: She is a great teacher!
John: You can say that again!
Question: What does John mean?
A.He doubts what Bob says. B.He entirely agrees with Bob.
C.He totally disagrees with Bob. D.He fails to understand Bob.
7.Rita: Susan, you could become a model.
Susan: Don't make me laugh!
Question: What does Susan mean?
A.She is amused by Rita.B.She is interested in Rita's suggestion.
C.She is confused by Rita's words.D.She is unlikely to become a model.
8.Woman: Have you got your TV set fixed?
Man: I haven't missed it enough yet.
Question: What does the man mean?
A.He hasn't learned how to fix the TV.B.He doesn't like watching TV.
C.He hasn't finished fixing his TV.D.He hasn't found his TV yet.
9.Woman: What do you think of the new novel by William Golding?
Man: Well, that one takes a really close reading.
Question: What does the man mean?
A.He doesn't like reading the book.B.He'd love to have time to read it.
C.The novel is difficult to understand.D.The novel is well worth reading.
10.Woman: I don't think it's a good idea to discuss our problem with your sister.
Man: I feel it's done me good to get it off my chest.
Question: What does the man mean?
A.He welcomes the challenge posed by the problem.
B.He felt much better after talking to his sister.
C.His sister helped him solve the problem.
D.His sister managed to ease his burden.
>Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with to single line through the center.
11.Smith has repaired the roof to the house is wind-resistant.
A.improveB.prove
C.insureD.ensure
12.He was influenced by a biology teacher to the study of medicine.
A.make upB.take up
C.hold upD.pull up
13.Because his movements were so I was hardly aware he was moving at all.
A.swiftB.obvious
C.gracefulD.slight
14.Student journalists are taught how to be when writing in a limited space.
A.conciseB.proper
C.complexD.perfect
15.She had no appetite, and toyed with the bread and cheese.
A.speciallyB.rarely
C.randomlyD.merely
16.For their own safety, household pets should be to their own yard.
A.confinedB.reduced
C.exposedD.led
17.I'm keeping my open; I have not made a decision on this matter.
A.questionsB.options
C.schedulesD.chances
18.It's what he did what he said that impressed all at the meeting.
A.exceptB.but also
C.insteadD.rather than
19.a few years ago, the existence of sexual harassment in many businesses was scarcely acknowledged.
A.BeforeB.Since
C.UntilD.Up to
20.Jim was asking his mother to buy him a new bike, so she finally gave in.
A.hesitant aboutB.concerned with
C.eager forD.persistent in
21.The whole village by a sudden flood, they had to stay in tents.
A.having been destroyedB.has been destroyed
C.was destroyedD.had been destroyed
22.Good morning, class.of you wants to do the presentation first?
A.WhichB.Whom
C.WhatD.Who
23.I've no idea when she'll be back.you wait or come back later is up to you．
A.WhenB.If
C.WhetherD.That
24.We tend to think the men we like are good for everything, and we don't, good for nothing.
A.onesB.those
C.the oneD.that
25.It is widely accepted now that having more children a lower standard of living.
A.implyB.implies
C.has impliedD.implied
26.When my computer suddenly broke down, I noticed that I to save the document．
A.would forgetB.have forgotten
C.was forgettingD.had forgotten
27.This isthe advertising for these products wants to make us think.
A.whyB.that
C.howD.what
28.He the exam, but he failed for his carelessness.
A.hadn't passedB.could pass
C.could have passedD.had passed
29.The tanker broke in the middle, out a great amount of oil into the sea.
A.pouredB.pouring
C.to pourD.having poured
30.We used to work in the same office and we have coffee together.
A.wouldB.should
C.couldD.might
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage One“The moose(驼鹿)is odd and awkward to look at.Why should it stand so high at the shoulders? Why have so long a head?” The 19th-century writer of those words, Henry David Thoreau, was hardly alone in his comment of the moose.Moose's funny appearance makes us think that it is clumsy and slow-witted.Is that true? Researchers in North America have uncovered many facts about this unusual animal.
No one denies that the moose is a giant.Adult moose can grow as high as 1.5 to 2 meters, and weigh as much as 816 kg.Although it has long legs that make it seem foolish, it can run up to 55 km per hour, and those legs can kick off an entire pack of wolves.Moose is vegetarian.It feeds on woody plants, leaves and water plants.It learns to swim within days of birth, and they have been observed swimming for miles and diving to a depth of nearly 6 meters to feed on water plants!
A moose can move its eyes and detect motion almost directly behind it without turning its head.Its nose is also an effective tool.Researchers suggest that because the moose's nostrils (鼻孔) are far apart, they may give it the unusual ability to locate the objects on a 3D scale.The moose's hearing adds another merit to its sensory package.Its ears can turn to all directions, and they can pick up sounds from other moose as far as 3 km away!
Baby moose tend to be curious and carefree.Their mothers protect them by providing tender and loyal care.They will attack any who are too close to their young, including wolves, bears, and even humans.Finally, when the young is about a year old and its mother is newly pregnant, the mother aggressively drives it away so that it can begin caring for itself.
31.The moose looks odd and awkward, so .
A.many people make fun of itB.many people consider it foolish
C.many researchers study itD.many people are afraid of it
32.The word “vegetarian” (Para.2) probably means .
A.lovelyB.kind-hearted
C.hugeD.plant-eating
33.We can learn from Paragraph 3 that the moose .
A.is a gentle animalB.is an aggressive animal
C.has very sharp sensesD.lives far apart from one another
34.We can conclude from the last paragraph that mother moose .
A.take good care of their kids only for a short time
B.take those approaching their young as a threat
C.give birth to only one baby once in a year
D.prefer younger babies to older ones
35.This passage is intended to tell us that .
A.the moose is really a giant and quiet animal
B.we should protect the environment for the moose
C.the moose is not clumsy and foolish at all
D.people should not disturb the moose's life
Passage Two
I have a vegetable garden and every summer I enjoy eating my own vegetables.One day last summer I picked a dozen carrots.Usually, as soon as I have picked the carrots, I clean the dirt off them by washing them in a bucket of water.But this day, as I was getting up from the ground with my twelve carrots, I tripped(绊) and fell over the bucket.The water spilled out of the bucket, so I decided to wash the carrots quickly in the kitchen sink.I put the carrots in the sink, washed them with water, and watched all the dirt washed away down the drain.
The next day, when I was washing dishes, I noticed that the water drained out of the sink much more slowly than usual.It drained so slowly that I called a plumber (水管工) to come and fix my drain.The plumber tried a lot of different cleaners and equipment, but nothing worked.He had to cut a hole in the floor where the drain pipe was in order to try to find the problem.While he was cutting the small hole, he accidentally cut the hot-water pipe.Hot water sprayed over the plumber, onto the floor, under the refrigerator; water went everywhere.
My refrigerator stopped working because the water had affected the electrical wires.I called an electrician to come and fix the refrigerator.The electrician had to move the refrigerator to work on the wires.As she was balancing it, she tripped over the plumber's tools.She fell down and the refrigerator tipped over.It crashed into the wall, resulting in a huge hole in the wall.
I called a carpenter to come and fix the wall.In order to repair the hole in the wall, the carpenter had to tear down half of the entire wall.Meanwhile, the plumber was still looking for the source of the drain problem.Since the kitchen was in a terrible mess anyway, the plumber decided to remove part of the floor to look at the pipe there.In the middle of the floor, he found the problem: the dirt from the carrots was stuck in the pipe and nothing could go through.
Now I had a sink that did not drain, a refrigerator that did not work, a wall that was half gone, and part of a floor that was missing.I looked at this disaster and decided that what I really needed was a new kitchen.Finally, I called a house builder to come and fix my kitchen.Three weeks later I had a new sink, a new refrigerator, new cupboards on a new wall, new tiles on a new floor, and $10,000 less in my bank.
36.The carrots were washed in the sink instead of the bucket because .
A.the water bucket fell overB.dinner needed to be made soon
C.carrots were always washed in itD.they could be washed more cleanly
37.The plumber did all the following EXCEPT .
A.cut a hole in the floorB.cut the hot-water pipe
C.try different cleanersD.tear down part of the wall
38.Which of the following caused the hole in the wall?
A.Water that sprayed on it.
B.The electrician who worked on the wires.
C.The refrigerator that crashed into it.
D.The plumber who used a wrong tool.
39.Which of the following items was NOT damaged?
A.The wall.B.The ceiling.
C.The hot water pipe.D.The floor.
40.The best title of the passage would be“”.
A.How a dozen carrots cost $10,000B.What the dirt from carrots could do
C.Carrots can be very expensiveD.A careless homeowner
Passage Three
More boys than girls are born all over the world, but a new study has found that the closer people live to the equator(赤道), the smaller the difference becomes.No one knows why.
The imbalanced sex ratio at birth has been known for more than a hundred years, and researchers have found a large variety of social, economic and biological factors that relate to the sex ratio at birth—war, economic stress, age, diet, selective abortion and more.But latitude (纬度) is a natural phenomenon, unaffected by cultural or economic factors.
To look at the effect of latitude, Kristen J.Navara of the University of Georgia used the latitude of the capital city in 202 countries, as well as 10 years of data on sex ratio at birth and annual variations in day length and temperature.Dr.Navara performed a statistical analysis which showed that there was a significant relation between sex ratios in favor of boys and latitude.African countries produced the lowest sex ratios—50.7 percent boys—and European and Asian countries had the highest with 51.4 percent.
There are some possible explanations, but none entirely satisfactory.It could be that there is some survival value in producing more girls in warmer regions, but it is unclear what this might be.There may be genetic or racial differences that could explain it, but the connection persists over so many varied populations that this seems unlikely.Mice also produce more male offspring during shorter days or colder weather, but the reasons in these animals are just as mysterious as they are in humans.
“There's a possibility that humans might be responding to factors they were programmed to respond to a long time ago—not cultural or socioeconomic, but climate and things like latitude,” Dr.Navara said.“What's interesting is that we may be seeing something that connects us with our animal ancestry.”
41.What can be learned from the first paragraph?
A.The closer to the equator, the more boys are born.
B.Boys are more used to colder places.
C.Girls have a higher birth rate than boys near the equator.
D.In warmer places the birth ratio between boys and girls is lower.
42.Out of all the influencing factors of birth ratio, Dr.Navara focuses on .
A.cultureB.economy
C.latitudeD.stress
43.Dr.Navara reached her conclusion through .
A.comparing dataB.field study
C.conducting a surveyD.map reading
44.According to Navara, which of the following probably explains the imbalanced sex ratio?
A.There is cultural preference for boys.
B.Humans are designed that way by nature.
C.Different races have different birth ratios.
D.Humans are different from animals in birth ratio.
45.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell a mysterious story.B.To report a scientific experiment.
C.To explain an interesting phenomenon.D.To argue for a viewpoint.
Passage Four
On July 15th India will become the latest country to shut down its official telegram service.In Britain, telegrams were replaced by Telemessages, which were simply telegrams printed out and put into the post, in 1982.America's telegram service, operated by Western Union, ended in 2006.Australia shut down its telegram service in 2011.Are telegrams dead?
Not quite.The honorable technology still clings to life, and not just in India.The mechanical telegraph dates back to the 1790s.In the 1840s such mechanical telegraphs gave way to electrical telegraphs, which sent messages as coded pulses along wires, and the word “telegram” emerged shortly afterwards to describe a message sent by telegraph.The invention of the telephone in the 1870s did not result in the immediate decline of the telegram, because the technical difficulty and expense of making long-distance phone calls meant that telegrams were still the easiest way to send international messages quickly.But as long-distance telephony became cheaper and easier, it was only a matter of time.From the 1970s, the emergence of electronic means of communication, starting with the fax machine, and then followed by e-mail and mobile-phone text messages in the 1990s, restricted telegrams to ceremonial uses such as messages relating to births, marriages and deaths.
In India, the telegram held on a bit longer because it was used for internal government communications.Even after the shut-down of India's official service, the telegram survives in a few other countries, including Belgium, Japan and Sweden, where it was kept as a nostalgic (怀旧的) service.And in many other countries private firms offer telegram-delivery services.So despite several recent reports to the contrary, the telegram is not quite dead, and will probably never die.
Moreover, in some ways the tradition of the telegram is healthier than ever.Tweets, like text messages, also require users to keep their messages brief and telegraphic.Such digital messages have undermined the business case for the telegram, but have preserved aspects of telegraphic tradition.Some mobile phones used to announce incoming text messages with beeps that sound like Morse code, the international alphabet of telegraphy.The 19th-century technology of the telegram lives on, in spirit at least, in our 21st-century devices.
46.Which of the following is the first country try to end its telegram service?
A.India.B.Britain.
C.America.D.Australia.
47.The second paragraph is a brief review of .
A.the historical role of the telegram
B.the latest development of telegram service
C.the beginning and declining of telegrams
D.the development of modern technologies
48.The drastic drop of telegram services is mainly caused by .
A.long-distance telephony and fax
B.long-distance telephony and Internet services
C.fax and mobile-phone text messages
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]