中国社会科学院考博英语历年真题及详解(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


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中国社会科学院考博英语历年真题及详解

中国社会科学院考博英语历年真题及详解试读:

1998年中国社会科学院考博英语真题及详解

PART Ⅰ VOCABULARY (15 POINTS)Section A

Directions: On your answer sheet, circle the answer that best completes the sentence.

1. The day was crisp and sharp, but suddenly a misty rain began to fall and ______ the landscape.

A. hid

B. blurred

C. relieved

D. belittled【答案】B【解析】句意:突然的一阵大雨使整个风景都变得一片模糊。blur把…弄模糊,使看不清。hide隐瞒,掩饰。relieve减轻、解除痛苦或忧愁。belittle使显得微小,缩小。

2. ______ this coming Thursday, it will be too late to enrol for the course.

A. As of

B. As for

C. As to

D. As on【答案】A【解析】句意:过了这个星期四,就不能再报名这个课程了。as of自从,自…起。as for关于,至于。as to关于,至于。

3. Those who let uncertainty ______ rarely achieve much.

A. turn them down

B. send them down

C. weigh them down

D. huddle down【答案】C【解析】句意:那些被不确定性因素打败的人少有成就。turn down拒绝,把…调低。send down使下降,把…向下发送。weigh down使疲惫不堪,使沮丧。huddle down挤作一团,使蜷缩。

4. The speaker went on and on, ______ to his listeners obvious boredom.

A. obligated

B. obsessive

C. obvious

D. oblivious【答案】D【解析】句意:演说者一直说,没有察觉到听众们明显的厌烦。obligated强制性的,有责任的。obsessive引起成见的,强迫性的。oblivious没有察觉到。

5. Such ______ as self-respect and industriousness merit the full backing of an employer.

A. advantages

B. traits

C. interests

D. shortcomings【答案】A【解析】句意:自尊和勤奋这样的优点得到老板的赏识。advantage优点,有利条件。trait特性,特点。shortcoming缺点,短处。

6. The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the ______ of his enquiry.

A. scope

B. magnitude

C. dimension

D. volume【答案】A【解析】句意:检察官在得到机密信息后决定扩大他的询问范畴。scope范围,范畴。magnitude大小,幅度。dimension尺寸,尺度。volume体积,容量。

7. An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the ______ argumentation in commercials.

A. imperative

B. fallacious

C. persuasive

D. fabulous【答案】C【解析】句意:电视观众可能偶尔会被一些商业性的游说激怒。imperative紧急的,迫切的。fallacious靠不住的,不合逻辑的。persuasive劝诱的,善于游说的。fabulous难以置信的,奇异的。

8. ______ flees if one is constantly subjected to demeaning orders.

A. Prime

B. Harassment

C. Conceit

D. Pride【答案】C【解析】句意:如果总是面对苛刻的要求,那么一个人的自负可会没有了。conceit自负,自大。prime青春,精华。harassment侵扰,折磨。pride自豪,骄傲。

9. ______ popularity of subject matter and frequency of use, the books on the two middle shelves will be the most helpful to you.

A. As of

B. As regards

C. As from

D. As against【答案】B【解析】句意:考虑到主题的常用性和流行性,中间两层书架上的书会对你帮助最大。as of自从,自…起。as regards考虑到。as from从…时起。as against与…比较。

10. I was ______ in my reading, and didn’t at first hear the doorbell ring.

A. immured

B. immersed

C. busy

D. infatuated【答案】B【解析】句意:我沉浸在书本中,开始根本就没听见门铃。immure禁闭,监禁。immerse沉浸于,沉溺于。infatuate使冲昏头脑,使迷恋。

11. Their chances of winning are slight, given that their opponents are so ______.

A. well-known

B. vital

C. formidable

D. distinguished【答案】C【解析】句意:他们获胜的机率很小,因为他们的对手是那么难以对付。vital极为重要的,关系重大的。formidable难对付的,难以克服的。distinguished超群的,出众的。

12. When I reach home after an impossible day’s work, I feel a general ______ to watch TV.

A. inducement

B. intention

C. inclination

D. interest【答案】C【解析】inducement动机,诱因。intention意图,目的。inclination意愿,意向。

13. Fallen electric lines, rubble, ruins and the occasional ______ house-such is the destruction wrought by the war.

A. neglected

B. desolate

C. tragic

D. chopped【答案】B【解析】neglected被忽视的。desolate无人居住的,荒芜的。tragic悲惨的,不幸的。chopped砍倒的,剁碎的。

14. Geographic illiteracy is widespread, and hardly a month passes without ______ from some survey revealing new depths of ignorance.

A. words

B. a word

C. word

D. the word【答案】C【解析】word作“消息”讲时为不可数名词,不能用冠词修饰。

15. Of course it is possible that the new policy may have some adverse effects, but it is our ______ that these will be negligible.

A. constitution

B. condition

C. conviction

D. considering【答案】C【解析】句意:新政策当然会有一些负面影响,但是我们坚信这些影响是很小的,可以被忽略。constitution法规,章程。conviction坚信,深信。Section B

Directions: On your Answer Sheet, circle the letter that is the closest synonym to the underlined word.

16. Serial murderers rarely deviate from a certain type of prey.

A. attacker

B. nourishment

C. victim

D. enemy【答案】C【解析】prey受害的人,牺牲者。victim受害者,遭难者,意思与之符合。attacker攻击者。nourishment营养品,食品。enemy敌人,仇敌。

17. The new guppies I bought have just a tinge of yellow.

A. dot

B. mark

C. touch

D. tingle【答案】C【解析】tinge一点点,淡淡的颜色。touch少许,微量,意思与之符合。dot点。tingle刺痛感觉。

18. He covered the fish lavishly with sauce.

A. sparingly

B. completely

C. generously

D. simply【答案】C【解析】lavishly过多地,大量地。sparingly爱惜地,节制地。generously大量的,丰富地。

19. Machiavelli cautions the prince not to relinquish power and passing duress.

A. gain

B. hold

C. control

D. abandon【答案】D【解析】relinquish放弃。abandon抛弃,舍弃。

20. The play was hilarious!

A. a merry one

B. a prudish one

C. sedate

D. prodigious【答案】A【解析】hilarious热闹的,狂欢的。merry愉快的,欢乐的。prudish装正经的,过分规矩的。sedate肃静的,恬静的。prodigious巨大的,庞大的。

21. The Salk polio vaccine provides immunity from that disease.

A. security

B. publicity

C. liability

D. a vast【答案】A【解析】immunity免疫,免疫力,不受…影响的。security保护,防御,意思与之接近。publicity宣传,推广。liability责任,义务。

22. The Smithsonian houses a miscellaneous collection of aircraft, artifacts, butterflies, stones both precious and common, and so on.

A. a heterogenous

B. an overwhelming

C. a unified

D. a vast【答案】A【解析】miscellaneous不同种类的,混杂的。heterogenous混杂的,由不同部分组成的,意思符合。overwhelming压倒性的,势不可挡的。unified统一的,一元化的。

23. The jungles of the sub-Sahara, afflicted with tes-tse and mosquitos, is an unhealthy area.

A. requiring inoculation against

B. heated by

C. flooded by

D. plagued by【答案】D【解析】afflict受…苦恼、折磨。require inoculation against需要给…注射预防…的疫苗。plague折磨,使苦恼。

24. He is constantly late, and ill-prepared when he does finally arrive. He is jeopardizing his future.

A. developing

B. endangering

C. assuring

D. destroying【答案】B【解析】jeopardize使处于危险之中,危及。endanger使遭到危险,危及。assure保证,担保。

25. Chaos theory stresses the magnitude of the results produced by so small an event as the fluttering of a butterfly’s wings.

A. size

B. volume

C. result

D. fame【答案】A【解析】magnitude数量,大小。size大小,规模。volume体积,容量。

26. The ancillary data, however, did not substantiate his argument.

A. necessary

B. involuntary

C. subsidiary

D. extraordinary【答案】C【解析】ancillary辅助的,附属的。involuntary无意识的,不自觉的。subsidiary辅助的,补充的。

27. Subsequent events vindicated her point of view.

A. proved wrong

B. indicated

C. proved right

D. invalidated【答案】C【解析】vindicate为…辩护,证明…正当。indicate表明,显示。prove right证实是正确的。invalidate使无效,使作废。

28. Rhenium is added as an alloy inasmuch as it withstands heat.

A. discharges

B. resists

C. reduces

D. opposes【答案】B【解析】withstand经得住。discharge放出,排出。resist抵抗,耐得住。

29. At 70, she hardly seems cut-out for mountain climbing.

A. chosen for

B. fond of

C. likely to enjoy

D. fit for【答案】D【解析】cut out for适宜于…,天生是干…的。fond of喜欢…,爱好… 。fit for适宜于。

30. The elevated roadway collapsed. This calamity could have been avoided had the municipality allocated funds for infrastructure.

A. consequence

B. event

C. disaster

D. thing【答案】C【解析】calamity灾难,祸患。disaster灾难,灾祸。

PART Ⅱ GRAMMAR (15 POINTS)Section A

Directions: On your answer sheet, circle the letter that best completes the sentence.

31. Now that in scientific communities the use of computers is widespread, and supposing that there is sufficient time, there exist no complicated problem ______ can be addressed with some hope of resolution.

A. and

B. but

C. as

D. which【答案】B【解析】but在句中相当于not。句意为:将不会再有没有希望解决的问题。

32. Out of the elementary plane geometry developed by the Greeks ______ we use today.

A. the theoretical geometry evolution

B. evolved the theoretical geometry

C. the evolution of theoretical geometry came

D. the theoretical geometry came【答案】B【解析】“out”介词置于句首时句子应该倒装。

33. We had to go miles to find a restaurant, it ______ a holiday.

A. being

B. was

C. to be

D. is【答案】A【解析】being在句中作伴随状语,it是分词的逻辑主语。

34. A good indication of ______ he followed the teacher’s advice was that he failed.

A. what little

B. however little

C. how little

D. whatever little【答案】C【解析】句意:他的失败很好地反映出他对老师的劝告听进去的是多么的少。

35. None of the day’s transactions, ______ sales or delivery, came off well.

A. from

B. it being

C. be it

D. was it【答案】C【解析】本句为让步状语从句,应该选C。

36. The traffic was very heavy, ______, and so we arrived after the start of the program.

A. this was completely unexpected

B. which was completely unexpected

C. that was completely unexpected

D. it was completely unexpected【答案】B【解析】所填的句子是非限定性定语从句,只能用which引导,指代整个句子的内容。

37. ______, he finds the work interesting.

A. Though he is computer expert

B. A computer expert he is

C. As computer expert

D. Computer expert as he is【答案】D【解析】“as”引导的从句在句首时,可以将表语前置,形成倒装,表示让步。

38. ______, he never alters a decision.

A. What may come

B. May what come

C. Come what may

D. May come whatever【答案】C【解析】谓语动词come提前,表示让步,相当于no matter what may come。

39. “The car ran out of gas!” “That ______ the cause. I filled the tank this morning.”

A. mustn’t be

B. must have been

C. can be

D. can’t have been【答案】D【解析】can’t have been是对现在事实的否定推测。must have been对过去事实的肯定猜测。

40. Their proposal is better than ours, ______.

A. all things considering

B. all things considered

C. all things are considered

D. all considered things【答案】B【解析】分词独立结构作状语,all things作consider的逻辑主语。

41. Unless ______ to bend somehow, perhaps with the help of a mirror light only travels straight ahead.

A. you make

B. to be made

C. is made

D. made【答案】D【解析】“light”被改变方向应该用被动语态。所填部分是省略句,原句为light was made to…。

42. The sloth is so named for its inactivity, ______ its greatest energy in the search for food.

A. it expends

B. for expending

C. to expend

D. and it expends【答案】D【解析】and it expends与is so named为并列结构。

43. Although most foodstuffs enter the bloodstream only after being subjected to the digestive process beginning in the stomach, alcohol is highly unusual ______ at least one-fifth of the quantity ingested is directly absorbed.

A. so that

B. in that

C. that

D. in which【答案】B【解析】in that=because。

44. ______, we will leave without her.

A. If she were to fail to come on time

B. She should fail to come on time

C. Should she fail to come on time

D. Would she fail to come on time【答案】C【解析】本句是对将来发生事情的虚拟。if的虚拟条件句将动词提到句首,形成倒装。

45. My phone call to the electrician ______ as I subsequently discovered my wife had phoned.

A. needn’t be made

B. shouldn’t be made

C. needn’t have been made

D. didn’t have to be【答案】C【解析】本句话是对过去发生事情的虚拟,表示本不必要做什么,而实际上却做了。Section B

Directions: In the sentences below, either A, B, C or D is the incorrect grammatical form for the sentence, pick the incorrect form as your answer, and on your answer sheet, circle the corresponding letter.

46. The Mercandiser widget is so named because it is believed to be discovered by Albert Mercandiser, a Dutchman by birth.

A. so

B. is believed

C. to be discovered

D. by【答案】C【解析】改为to have been discovered。发现该地是完成的动作,应该用完成时态。

47. Although the city acquired modernizations of a more recent kind during the twentieth century, its present appearance took shapes during the nineteenth.

A. a more recent

B. its

C. took shapes

D. the nineteenth【答案】C【解析】改为took shape。固定搭配,意为:形成,成形。

48. As she grew older her vision began sporadically to fade, so that intermittent times she seldom knew what she was looking at.

A. grew

B. began

C. seldom

D. was looking【答案】C【解析】删去seldom。intermittent间歇的,断断续续的,与seldom重复。

49. For the grounds that fiction is not objectively true, there are those who object to it.

A. For

B. objectively

C. are

D. object to【答案】A【解析】改为On。“on the ground(s) of /that”是固定用法,意为“因为,以…为理由”。

50. As Christmas approached, with people crowded department stores, restaurants, theaters and movie houses, the downtown area was, as always, the busiest.

A. crowded

B. was

C. as always

D. busiest【答案】A【解析】改为crowding。People与crowd是主动关系。

51. Mind you, under no circumstances you are to allow your child to change broken bulbs by himself.

A. Mind you

B. you are

C. child

D. broken【答案】B【解析】改为are。原句应为under no circumstances do you mind to。

52. Today, I firmly believe, they deliver the new television, and if they do, I shall help you set up the cable stations.

A. believe

B. deliver

C. do

D. shall【答案】B【解析】改为will deliver,是对将来事情的猜测。

53. The five-year project would expose educational disadvantaged students to experiences both creative and enriching.

A. five-year

B. expose

C. educational

D. experiences【答案】C【解析】改为expose educationally。副词修饰形容词disadvantaged。

54. At the museum, I saw various exhibits of ape family members, and was particularly struck by one group they had faces resembling humans.

A. ape family

B. struck

C. they had

D. faces【答案】D【解析】改为who had faces。who引导定语从句修饰one group。

55. So far the story is from being true that I was surprised anyone could have believed it was so.

A. the story is

B. was surprised

C. could have believed

D. was【答案】A【解析】改为the story was。陈述过去事实。

56. To the most famous alumnae were extended a special invitation to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of their graduation.

A. alumnae

B. were

C. a

D. their【答案】B【解析】改为was。主语是a special invitation。

57. Whether she is as pretty, or prettier than the other girls in her office is moot.

A. as pretty

B. the

C. in

D. is【答案】A【解析】改为as pretty as。

58. But for the services provided by insect-eaters, insects will make it impossible to live.

A. But for

B. insect-eaters

C. will

D. it【答案】C【解析】改为would。“but for”引导的是虚拟语气句。

59. Unless those currently working — both men and women—would be given the necessary training for somewhat higher positions, unemployment in general will become increasingly more serious as automation continues.

A. would be given

B. necessary

C. increasingly

D. continues【答案】A【解析】改为are to be given。条件状语从句中应该用一般将来时,或者一般现在时表将来。

60. Improved agro-technology rendered it feasible for far more people to be fed per square unit than can be fed on the produce formerly available in the same area.

A. it feasible

B. be fed

C. can

D. the【答案】C【解析】改为to。比较级前后两个对比部分结构要一致。

Part III Cloze (10 POINTS)

Directions: Choose as your answer the word that best fits the blank. On your answer sheet, circle the corresponding letter.

There is no question but that Newton was a highly competent Minister of the Mint. It was mainly through his efforts (61)_____ the English currency was put on (62)_____ satisfactory basis at a difficult time. (63)_____ discovered a relationship between prices and (64)_____ amount of money in circulation, which (65)_____ later formalized in the so-called “quality (66)_____” of money: if the amount of (67)_____ in circulation is doubled — other things (68)_____ the same — then prices also will (69)_____ double. This is a simple application (70)_____ the principle that it is impossible (71)_____ get something for nothing, but apparently (72)_____ took someone like Newton to discover it. There (73)_____ an obvious comparison with Copernicus, who (74)_____ the Polish government on currency questions (75)_____ in doing so discovered another important (76)_____ (usually known as Gresham’s Law): when (77)_____ money is accepted as legal tender, (78)_____ money will be driven out of (79)_____. Copernicus anticipated Gresham in the formulation (80)_____ this law.

61. A. which

B. why

C. that

D. for

62. A. a

B. very

C. the

D. most

63. A. It

B. He

C. Was

D. We

64. A. an

B. their

C. the

D. big

65. A. too

B. was

C. they

D. has

66. A. theory

B. them

C. thesis

D. proposal

67. A. coins

B. currency

C. bills

D. gold

68. A. stay

B. much

C. remaining

D. be

69. A. come

B. seem

C. multiply

D. approximately

70. A. for

B. of

C. calling

D. by

71. A. our

B. to

C. for

D. we

72. A. they

B. had

C. it

D. he

73. A. is

B. comes

C. be

D. with

74. A. talked

B. advised

C. formed

D. created

75. A. from

B. but

C. and

D. by

76. A. true

B. legend

C. theme

D. law

77. A. much

B. foreign

C. bad

D. lawful

78. A. good

B. much

C. bad

D. some

79. A. work

B. function

C. marketing

D. circulation

80. A. for

B. by

C. of

D. to【答案与解析】

61. C  本句是个强调句型,强调的是“through his efforts”。

62. C  on the basis of固定搭配,意为“在…基础上,根据…”。

63. B  根据前后句子可知,本句话的主语应该是Newton

64. C  本句话是说发现价格与货币量的关系,是特定范围内的数目

65. D  本句话是“relationship”的非限定性定语从句;句子表达的是一个对现在还有影响的动作,应该用完成时态。

66. A  theory理论,学说。thesis论题,论文。proposal提议,建议

67. B  coin硬币。currency通货,货币bill纸币,钞票。前面句子中也提到过the English currency。应该选“currency”。

68. C  现在分词作伴随状语。

69. D  句意:如果流通货币的数量成倍增加,那么价格也会近似地成倍增加。

70. B  application for正式申请…,书面申请。application of…的应用

71. B  it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语;

72. C  it在这里指的是a simple application.

73. A  an obvious comparison是主语。

74. B  建议,劝告波兰政府这么做。

75. C  并列连词and连接两个句子。

76. D  根后面的“usually known as Gresham’s law”可知,应该选“law”。

77. C  根据后面的“legal tender(法定货币)”可知,所填之词应该为贬义。应该选“bad”。

78. A  根据前后句子可知,所填之词是“bad”的反义词。应该选“good”

79. D  全文都是在讲流通领域的货币问题。应该选“circulation”

80. C  与formulation搭配的介词是of。

Part Ⅳ READING COMPREHENSION (30 POINTS)

Directions: Read each passage and answer all the questions that follow the passage. On your answer sheet, circle the letter that best answers the question.Passage One

There is little question that substantial labor-market differences exist between men and women. Among the most researched difference is the male-female wage gap. Many different theories are used to explain why men earn more than women. One possible reason is based on the limited geographical mobility of married women (Robert Frank, 1978). Family mobility is a joint decision in which the needs of the husband and wife are balanced to maximize family welfare. Job-motivated relocations are generally made to benefit the primary earner in the family. This leads to a constrained job search for the secondary earner, as he or she must search for a job in a limited geographic area. Since the husband is still the primary wage earner in many families, the job search of the wife may suffer. Individuals who are tied to a certain area are labeled ‘tied-stayers,’ while secondary earners who move for the benefit of the family are labeled tied-movers (Jacob Mincer, 1978).

The wages of a tied-stayer or tied-mover may not be substantially lower if the family lives in or moves to a large city. If a large labor market has more vacancies, the wife may locate a wage offer near the maximum she would find with a nation-wide search. However, being a tied-stayer or tied-mover can lower the wife’s wage if the family lives in or moves to a small community. A small labor market will reduce the likelihood of her finding a job that utilizes her skills. As a result she may accept a job for which she is overqualified and thus earn a lower wage. This hypothesized relationship between the likelihood of being overqualified and SMSA size is termed “differential over qualification.” Frank (1978) and Haim Ofek and Yesook Merrill (1994) provide support for the theory of differential overqualification by finding that the male-female wage gap is greater in smaller SMSA’s.

While the results are consistent with the existence of differential over qualification, they may also result from other situations as well. Firms in small labor markets may use their monopsony power to keep wages down. Local demand shocks are found to be a major source of wage variation both across and within local labor markets (Robert Topel, 1986). Since large labor markets are generally more diversified, a demand shock can have a substantial impact on immobile workers in small labor markets. Another reason for examining differential overqualification involves the assumption that there are more vacancies in large labor markets. While there is little doubt that more vacancies exist in large labor markets, there are also likely to be more people searching for jobs in large labor markets, if the greater number of vacancies is offset by the larger number of searchers, it is unclear whether women will be more likely to be overqualified in small labor markets. Instead of relying on wages to determine if differential overqualification exists, we consider an explicit form of overqualification based on education.

81. In the author’s opinion, the male-female wage gap ______.

A. is the most important difference

B. is justified

C. has important repercussions on family life

D. is simply one of a considerable number of labor-market differences

82. “Geographic mobility,” as used in the text, refers to ______.

A. the way in which Americans tend to move from job to job

B. the penchant wage-earners have to maximize family welfare

C. the necessity to relocate in order to increase wages

D. all of the above

83. In the author’s opinion, which of the following statements is true?

A.The term “secondary earner” does not depend on gender.

B. If A will earn more money than A, family welfare is maximized if B agrees to relocate.

C. If B will earn more money than A, family welfare is maximized if A agrees to relocate.

D. All of the above are true.

84. The difference between a ‘tied-stayer’ and a ‘tied-mover’ is that ______.

A. the former is the husband and the latter is the wife

B. the primary earner is forced to search for work in a specific area while the secondary earner is freer to roam about

C. the former is obliged to remain in an area while the latter is not

D. the latter’s salary is of secondary importance to the former’s salary

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