托福口语黄金800词(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)

作者：那天

出版社：清华大学出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

托福口语黄金800词试读：

前言

有人可能会问，市面上的托福词汇书已经数不胜数，这本《托福口语黄金800词》究竟有何特别的价值和意义？

为了客观且充分地回答这个问题，我把可能会读到这本书的同学分成两类，你可以看看自己属于其中的哪类。

第一类，还不确定自己是不是要考托福的同学。对于这类同学，即使你不去背诵全部的托福词汇（因为你还没有下定决心要考托福），你也十分有必要背诵并掌握这些托福口语的核心词汇。作为全世界最科学、权威的托福考试的一部分，托福口语考查的是全方位的英语运用能力。托福口语词汇涉及日常表达、校园对话，以及北美大学课堂的真实情景，因此这些词汇都是十分关键且实用的。“关键”是因为这些词汇掌握与否直接决定你是否能听懂并理解英文内容，“实用”是因为这些词汇会大量地出现在你未来的生活中。

所以，即使你还没有确定要考托福，背诵这800个托福口语核心词汇也会为你的英语口语能力带来实实在在的提升和飞跃。

第二类，已经确定自己一定会去考托福，甚至已经开始学习或者接受培训的同学。托福口语是中国学生最薄弱、分数最低的考试科目。在中国的托福考生中，有很多同学可以在阅读和听力模块取得几乎满分，可口语却只有尴尬的20分左右（满分为30分），导致总分不够漂亮，申请的学校也不够理想。对于中国学生而言，无论怎样重视托福口语都不为过。根据我自己接近十年的托福口语学习和教学经验，中国学生在考试中总是不能攻克下面几个难点，导致分数不理想：第一，读不懂、听不懂原文；第二，读懂、听懂之后，记不住；第三，读懂、听懂、记住之后，说不出。

而以下这三点就是这本《托福口语黄金800词》要集中解决的问题。

第一，为了更快速地读懂、听懂，我们只背核心词。

本书中的黄金800词来自近50套托福口语真题，且出现频次均在3次以上。在收录词汇过程中，我们有意去除了那些尽管出现多次，但只出现在一套题目中的“伪”高频词，且没有收录不影响题目理解的人名、地名，以及古怪的动植物名，如Warren、Whitney、wrasse和cactus。本书只收录了很有可能直接出现在考题中的核心词，让备考事半功倍。

第二，对核心词义的理解程度决定了读懂、听懂的速度。

与其他的词汇书不同，本书并未给出每个单词的全部含义，而只给出了在托福口语考试中真正会考到的关键核心含义。每个单词通常有且只有一个核心含义。我们相信，“less is more”。记住一个单词在考试中最核心的含义，可以提升备考效率。同时，只有将一个单词的核心含义掌握牢固之后，再去记忆其他含义，才不会出现混淆和遗忘。所以，为了快速提升读懂、听懂的速度，我们优先掌握核心词汇的核心含义。

第三，储备必要近义词，实现无障碍表达。

很多同学在回答托福口语题目的时候，会出现表达卡顿、忘记词汇等现象，明明刚刚听到的词，转眼就说不出来了。这是因为词汇储备不够，在忘记一个单词的时候，没有办法快速想起、映射出一个近义词来完成替换表达。所以，本书针对托福口语，罗列出了所有核心词的关键近义词以供考生储备，从而大大降低“想不起来单词”这种现象出现的可能性。通过储备必要的近义词，提升表达的流畅度和稳定性。

因此，不管你是否决定了要考托福，这些核心词汇都要掌握，因为这些都是你在日常生活中会频繁使用的高频口语词汇。如果已经确定了要考托福，你要意识到，托福口语是真正拉开分数档次、决定你是“考过了”还是“考得好”的关键科目。而是否能够尽快熟练地掌握这些托福口语核心词，更会直接影响你的考试结果。

所以，这本《托福口语黄金800词》会以它独有的价值和意义，为你助力托福口语备考，并提升英语口语。

本书使用方法

首先，必须澄清一个概念：对于背单词而言，方法没那么重要。但其实背单词的本质就是记忆，而记忆的本质是重复。一些所谓的“记忆技巧”或许会让记忆的效率有些许的改善，但重复必要的次数、投入足够的时间，永远是背诵并掌握单词的必由之路。

试想，当你因为厌倦了“从A到Z”的单词排列而无法记下所有单词时，难道换成“从Z到A”或者“乱序排列”就能飞快地记下所有单词吗？显然不会。因此，我们要有“back to the basic”的能力，要有能看到事物本质的思考方式。我们还要意识到，有时实现目标靠的不仅是方法、技巧，而且还有勤奋、努力。背单词，亦是如此。

为了帮助大家高效地使用本书，并在最短时间内提升单词记忆效果，我想分享以下五点方法和建议。一、短时集中突破

根据记忆心理学家的研究结果，正常情况下每个人每天可以背诵30个新单词，而在有强烈意愿支撑的情况下，最多可以背诵大约60个新单词。而我们建议大家每天背诵本书中的90个单词，且本书收录的托福口语核心词汇均配有衍生词、近义词和真题例句，能够帮助大家提高背诵效率。

每天背诵90个新单词看似不可能，实则没有那么困难。如果每天背诵90个新单词，8天可以背完全书；如果每天背诵30个新单词，24天才能完成，其实更累。

无论做任何事情，努力往往比智力更重要。在一个固定时间段内，提高单位时间的投入会带来更高效的整体产出，这正是高手们实现“速成”的“捷径”。这种突破自己的精神也将成为你终身受益的精神财富。二、背诵结合听音

托福口语考试包含阅读和听力，这就要求我们不仅能够读懂，还要能够听懂。这意味着，我们需要在听到单词的同时，能够映射出其对应的意思，并快速理解，从而顺利作答。

因此，大家在背词过程中一定要重视“听音”的训练。对于发音不确定或者自认为有难度的单词，一定要及时精听单词的发音，并且跟读直至牢记。大家可以使用一些便携的电子词典，也可以使用“豆腐托福”团队精心开发的微信小程序——“托福口语黄金800词”，进行听音训练。三、读懂真题例句

本书中收录的核心词汇均配有托福口语的真题例句。大家一定要读懂例句，掌握核心词在真题中的词义和用法。为了让大家主动读懂例句，我们有意地去掉了例句的中文翻译。四、储备同义词汇

很多时候，大家在回答题目时会出现卡顿的现象。这是因为突然忘记了要说什么，或者忘记了对应的单词。而解决这一问题的一个有效办法就是，储备足够的同义词。

比如，当我们想表达“敏锐的”的时候，如果我们忘记了“acute”，我们可以用“pointedly”或“sharply”来表达。有了更多的同义词汇储备，会大大提升表达的流畅度。五、检测背词效果

背诵单词之后，检测效果的环节必不可少。但是，与很多词汇书不同，我们并没有在每个word list之后设计练习。因为背完单词大家一般都会做一些练习题目，这自然会考查到对词义的理解和反应。对于口语来讲，在理解的前提下说出单词，才是最有效、最有意义的练习。大家可以遵循以下步骤来检测自己的背词效果：

第一步，看英文单词，并在1-2秒内想到对应的中文含义；第二步，看中文含义，并在1-2秒内想到对应的英文单词；第三步，听单词的英文发音，并在1-2秒内想到对应的英文单词。完成这三步，大家对单词的掌握和理解应该会比较到位了。

本书体例说明

本书收录的均是托福口语考试中的常见高频词，可作为高效理解并回答托福口语题目的基础。全书的体例编排如下：一、词汇

本书仅收录托福口语真题中的核心高频词汇，并已排除了不影响理解的专业词汇以及不影响表达的偏难词汇，以减轻大家的备考负担。二、音标

为了更好地帮助大家听懂并理解托福口语中的美式发音，本书普遍使用美式音标，如单词“component”的美音音标是[kəm'poʊnənt]。此外，“豆腐托福”APP中配有单词的MP3音频，帮助大家更好地听音、跟读和背诵。三、中文释义

每个单词均配有其在托福口语考试中的核心词义和词性。四、近义词

针对每一个可能会有表达难度的单词，本书列出了其主要的近义词。第一，大家能通过近义词更好地记忆单词词义；第二，当大家在表达遇到困难或者卡顿时，可以通过近义词快速想起替代表达，从而更加流畅、高效地作答。五、衍生词

托福口语真题中的高频词汇和核心词义在形式和考查点方面一直在逐步演化。在罗列出全部核心词汇的同时，我们收录了重点单词的衍生词，使口语备考更加全面，词汇储备更加丰富。六、真题例句

本书收录的所有核心词汇均配有托福口语真题例句。大家可以仔细体会词汇在例句中的用法，从而更好地了解托福口语真题的难度、风格以及表达习惯。不仅让自己的口语更加精炼，而且对托福考试的其他科目也均有益处。

Word List 1

insects would not be able to achieve.【衍】　achievement n.成就【近】　accomplishacquire　[ə'kwaɪr]【释】　v.获得【例】　They could acquire silk.【衍】　acquirement n.取得；成就【近】　earnacupuncture　['ækjupʌŋktʃɚ]【释】　n.针灸【例】　For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture.【衍】　acupuncturist n.针灸医生【近】　needling, pinprickacute　[ə'kjut]【释】　adj.敏锐的【例】　Another important adaptation of many sea birds is an acute, highly developed sense of smell.【衍】　acutely adv.尖锐地；剧烈地【近】　pointed, sharpadaptation　[ˌædæp'teʃən]【释】　n.适应【例】　Another helpful adaptation in some deep-sea organisms is the ability to generate light.【衍】　adapt v.适应；改编　adaptive adj.适应的；适合的【近】　orientationadditional　[ə'dɪʃənl]【释】　adj.额外的【例】　The university has announced that it will charge a small additional fee for these dinners in order to pay for the special gourmet food ingredients that will be required.【衍】　addition n.添加　additive adj.附加的　n.添加剂【近】　attached, addedadministrator　[əd'mɪnɪstretɚ]【释】　n.管理员【例】　When asked to explain the decline in enrollments, the administrator pointed to the fact that most evening classes are taught by teaching assistants, who are usually graduate students.【衍】　administrate v.管理；经营　administration n.管理【近】　supervisor, conductoradmission　[əd'mɪʃən]【释】　n.入学【例】　The staff of the admissions office no longer have time to lead the campus tours.【衍】　admissible adj.可容许的；可采纳的admit　[əd'mɪt]【释】　v.承认【例】　She just came right out and admitted to the audience that they cost a lot more than most other companies pots and pans.【衍】　admittance n.进入；通道【近】　accept, recognizeadult　[ə'dʌlt]【释】　adj.成年的【例】　For example, adult ants normally like to eat things that are rich in sugar.【衍】　adulthood n.成年（期）【近】　grown, matureaerial　['ɛrɪəl]【释】　adj.空中的【例】　Attached to the tree, sometimes 30 or 40 meters high, these aerial plants have access to sunlight but not to nutrients from the soil below.【衍】　aeriality n.空虚　aeration n.通风affordable　[ə'fɔrdəbl]【释】　adj.实惠的【例】　So what did they do? Well, they offered a computer at an affordable price, lower than existing brands.【衍】　afford v.给予；提供；买得起【近】　inexpensiveagenda　[ə'dʒɛndə]【释】　n.议程【例】　Someone sets an agenda in advance, emails it to everyone before the meeting and then makes sure when you meet that you stay focused on your goals.agonistic　[ˌægə'nɪstɪk]【释】　adj.格斗的【例】　To resolve these conflicts, two animals of the same species may engage in agonistic behavior.【衍】　agonist n.激动剂；兴奋剂【近】　aggressive, battlesomeailment　['elmənt]【释】　n.小病【例】　The situation at the health center is unacceptable: you sit in a crowded waiting room for hours waiting to get treatment for minor ailments.【衍】　ail v.生病；使困扰　n.病痛　ailing adj.生病的altitude　['æltəˌtud]【释】　n.高度【例】　 On the other hand, if the bird carried the shellfish up to a higher altitude, an altitude higher than is necessary to crack the shell, it'd be wasting energy.【近】　heightalumni　[ə'lʌmnaɪ]【释】　n.校友【例】　It's true that we do have a lot of very generous alumni.【衍】　alumnus n.男校友　alumna n.女校友ancient　['enʃənt]【释】　adj.古代的【例】　So, most cities of the ancient world tended to be small, often limited to the banks of a river.【近】　oldannouncement　[ə'naunsmənt]【释】　n.公告【例】　But maybe you could ask the French department to portthe announcement on its website.【衍】　announce v.宣布；播报　announcer n.广播员【近】　declarationanonymous　[ə'nɑnəməs]【释】　adj.匿名的【例】　You didn't know? An anonymous donor is paying the bill for most of the sculpture.【衍】　anonymization n.匿名化【近】　faceless, innominateanthropology　[ˌænθrə'pɑlədʒɪ]【释】　n.人类学【例】　Well, you know how I'm president of the anthropology club... well... I'm supposed to drive everyone in the club to see a special exhibit at the museum tomorrow.【衍】　anthropologist n.人类学家　anthropologic adj.人类学的【近】　humanicsanxious　['æŋkʃəs]【释】　adj.焦虑的【例】　This constant state of dependency can make kids feel uneasy and anxious.【衍】　anxiety n.焦虑；渴望　anxiously adv.不安地appeal　[ə'pil]【释】　v.吸引【例】　So, let's talk about a couple of ways product containerscan be designed to appeal to consumers.【衍】　appealing adj.吸引人的【近】　attractappearance　[ə'pɪrəns]【释】　n.外观【例】　Another important design goal is to give the container a pleasing appearance so that consumers will feel comfortable displaying it in their homes.【衍】　appear v.出现；显得appliance　[ə'plaɪəns]【释】　n.电器用具【例】　Change the floors and add new cupboards or appliances.appreciate　[ə'priʃɪet]【释】　v.欣赏【例】　You won't be able to appreciate the artwork or get a good look at anything with so much going on, with so many people moving around.【衍】　appreciation n.欣赏【近】　enjoyapproach　[ə'protʃ]【释】　n.方法【例】　One approach, or strategy, sets the initial price of the product high followed by a lower price at a later stage.【衍】　approachable adj.亲近的【近】　method, wayappropriate　[ə'proprɪət]【释】　adj.合适的【例】　Well, I don't think it's appropriate to use class time for that kind of thing.【衍】　appropriately adv.适当地【近】　suitable, properaptly　['æptlI]【释】　adv.适当地【例】　The aptly named water-holding frog, for example, has a bladder that is highly elastic and stretchable.【衍】　apt adj.恰当的【近】　properlyaqueduct　['ækwɪˌdʌkt]【释】　n.渡槽【例】　They built structures called aqueducts.【衍】　aqueous adj.水的【近】　conduitarchaeologist　[ˌɑrkɪ'ɑlədʒɪst]【释】　n.考古学家【例】　For example, in the deserts of Egypt, archaeologists have found tombs more than two thousand years old.【衍】　archaeology n.考古学architecture　['ɑrkəˌtɛktʃɚ]【释】　n.建筑风格【例】　But, I really fell in love with the architecture of the house, the unusual way it was designed and built, so I convinced my wife that we could hire people to fix it up and make the house nice.【衍】　architectural adj.建筑学的arid　['ærɪd]【释】　adj.干旱的【例】　And artifacts don't decay as fast in arid climates.【衍】　aridity n.干旱；乏味arithmetic　[ə'rɪθmətɪk]【释】　n.算术【例】　They say there's evidence that babies as young as five months old can do basic arithmetic—they can add.【衍】　arithmetical adj.算术的【近】　algorithmarouse　[ə'rauz]【释】　v.唤起【例】　Artists use these visual effects and the senses they arouse to give meaning to their work.【衍】　arousing adj.振奋人心的【近】　causeartifact　['ɑrtɪˌfækt]【释】　n.文物【例】　 But why are some artifacts preserved well enough to last for thousands of years?【衍】　artifactitious adj.人工制品的【近】　artefactaside　[ə'saɪd]【释】　adv.在旁边【例】　Someone was working away at a point, then had to stop, and put it aside in one of these caches to work on later.【近】　alongsideassemble　[ə'sɛmbl]【释】　v.集合【例】　What they did was they assembled a group of subjects, a group of students, and they showed these students a series of geometrical shapes.【衍】　assembling adj.装配的；组合的　n.装配【近】　aggregateassistant　[ə'sɪstənt]【释】　n.助手【例】　I worked as a research assistant in a laboratory.【衍】　assistance n.援助　assist v.帮助　n.帮助【近】　helperassortment　[ə'sɔrtmənt]【释】　n.种类【例】　Instead, students will be offered a wide assortment of cold breakfast items in the morning.【衍】　assort v.协调；把……分成一类　assorted adj.各种各样的【近】　classification, categoryassume　[ə'sum]【释】　v.假设【例】　So, when we look at lakes, they seem to be permanent. We assume they'll be around forever.【衍】　assumed adj.假定的　assumption n.设想assuming adj.傲慢的【近】　presumeattempt　[ə'tɛmpt]【释】　v.试图【例】　Individual members of a group attempt to conform their opinions to what they believe to be the group consensus even though the result may be negative.【衍】　attempted adj.企图的【近】　undertakeattribute　['ætrəˌbjut]【释】　v.把……归于【例】　Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces.【衍】　at tributive adj.定语的；归属的　attribution n.归因；属性audit　['ɔdɪt]【释】　v.审核【例】　Many universities allow students to audit classes.【衍】　auditorial adj.查账的auditorium　[ˌɔdɪ'tɔrɪəm]【释】　n.礼堂【例】　They're gonna be performing in the auditorium next Saturday.【衍】　auditory adj.听觉的automatically　[ˌɔtə'mætɪklɪ]【释】　adv.自动地【例】　These procedural memories allow people to perform the action automatically and to recall it relatively easily many years later.【衍】　automatic adj.自动的　automate v.使自动化【近】　voluntarilybacteria　[bæk'tɪrɪə]【释】　n.细菌（复数）【例】　Bacteria, like all living things, depend on oxygen to grow.【衍】　bacterial adj.细菌的　bacterium n.细菌（单数）【近】　microbebake　[bek]【释】　v.烘焙【例】　Margarine is butter's substitute and you can bake equally

well with either.【衍】　bakery n.面包店　baker n.面包师barely　['bɛrlɪ]【释】　adv.几乎不【例】　Yeah, I barely even knew how to do those things when I

first came here.【衍】　bare adj.空的；赤裸的　v.露出【近】　hardlybarrier　['bærɪɚ]【释】　n.屏障【例】　The covering acts like a barrier that locks in moisture.【近】　blockbase　[bes]【释】　n.基础【例】　For example, a company that sells skis might have a large customer base that enjoys winter sports like skiing down snowy mountains.【衍】　basis n.基础的　basic adj.基础的【近】　basisbeak　[bik]【释】　n.鸟嘴【例】　A hummingbird comes around and sticks its beak into the flowers to get the nectar out.【衍】　beaked adj.有喙的　beakless adj.无喙的bean　[bin]【释】　n.豆【例】　Say, bean plants.beetle　['bitl]【释】　n.甲壳虫【例】　For example, some trees in the forest are poisonous to beetles.behavior　[bɪ'hevjɚ]【释】　n.行为【例】　Our thinking and behavior are often influenced by other people.【衍】　behave v.表现　behavioral adj.行为的belief　[bɪ'lif]【释】　n.信仰【例】　Cultures tend to resist ideas that seem to foreign, too different from their own beliefs and values.【衍】　believe相信【近】　faithbeneath　[bɪ'niθ]【释】　prep.在……之下【例】　For example, in the Sahara Desert, in Africa, there's a type of lizard that's able to move beneath the surface, through the sand, very quickly.【近】　underbenefit　['bɛnɪfɪt]【释】　v.受益于【例】　Some animals, though, actually benefit from forest fires.【衍】　beneficial adj.有益的【近】　profitbeverage　['bɛvərɪdʒ]【释】　n.饮料【例】　Also, if food were allowed in classroom, it would be possible for us to have in-class parties on the last day of class—with snack foods and beverages—to celebrate the end of each semester.【近】　drinkbias　['baɪəs]【释】　n.偏差【例】　This tendency is often referred to as the comfort zone bias.【衍】　biased adj.有偏见的bill　[bɪl]【释】　n.账单【例】　I don't want to get stuck with having to pay for most of the bill.【衍】　billing n.广告；记账；开发票biotic　[baɪ'ɑtɪk]【释】　adj.生物的【例】　The number of humans, animals, insects, or plants living in a given area can vary because of two kinds of factors: biotic and abiotic.【衍】　biotechnology n.生物技术【近】　biologicalbite　[baɪt]【释】　v.咬【例】　A long long time ago, a dog sensing danger would get ready to bite whatever animal that was threatening it.【衍】　biting adj.刺痛的bladder　['blædɚ]【释】　n.膀胱【例】　When it does rain, the frog absorbs water through its skin and its bladder stretches to hold this extra water.blend　[blɛnd]【释】　v.融合【例】　This camouflage helps to disguise them from predators by enabling them to blend into, uh, a specific part of the sea.【衍】　blended adj.混杂的【近】　compoundboard　[bɔrd]【释】　n.木板【例】　An important additional feature of the lounge will be a bulletin board on the wall for posting and sharing information that may be especially useful to commuter students and their particular needs.【衍】　boarding adj.供膳的　n.上船；木板booklet　['buklɪt]【释】　n.小册子【例】　And I'm sure that booklet was mailed to lots of other people who also rent.【近】　pamphletboring　['bɔrɪŋ]【释】　adj.无聊的【例】　I myself have taken these three-hour seminars and found them tiring and sometimes boring.【衍】　bore v.使无聊　bored adj.感到无聊的bowl　[bol]【释】　n.碗【例】　It got its name because of the formation of its leaves creates a kind of urn or bowl where it can store water.【衍】　bowling n.保龄球branch　[bræntʃ]【释】　n.树枝【例】　So, for instance, let's say a large number of ants are walking on a tree toward some food on a branch.【衍】　branching adj.分支的　branchless adj.无枝的bread　[brɛd]【释】　n.面包【例】　So, for example, say a man who baked bread wanted a new coat.bridge　[brɪdʒ]【释】　n.桥梁【例】　Then, one after another, other ants do the same thing until enough ants connect together to form a bridge between the two branches.briefcase　['brifkes]【释】　n.公文包【例】　So back to our biology lecture, you start talking about frogs and then you pull a live frog out of your briefcase.【近】　portfoliobriefly　['briflɪ]【释】　adv.简要地【例】　Briefly summarize the problem, then state which solution you recommend and explain why.【衍】　brief adj.简短的broadcast　['brɔdkæst]【释】　v.播放【例】　She needs people to watch various new TV programs that haven't been broadcast yet.【衍】　broadcaster n.广播公司；广播员brochure　[bro'ʃur]【释】　n.小册子【例】　They made little books with information about the macaw, with pictures, full colored pictures of the macaw that showed off its beautiful feathers, and they passed out these little books, these informational brochures.

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