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北京邮电大学人文学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2012年北京邮电大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
Part 1 Multiple Choice(20 points)
Directions: Thereare20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choice marked A, B, C. and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 ,they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 animate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 ,children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1．A. generated
B. evolved
C. born
D. originated
2．A. valuable
B. appropriate
C. convenient
D. favorite
3．A. attainments
B. feasibility
C. entertainments
D. evolution
4．A. essential
B. available
C. reliable
D. responsible
5．A. confirm
B. inform
C. claim
D. convince
6．A. for
B. from
C. of
D. with
7．A. organizations
B. organisms
C. humans
D. children
8．A. potential
B. performance
C. preference
D. passion
9．A. as
B. just as
C. like
D. unlike
10．A. ideological
B. biological
C. social
D. psychological
11．A. reviews
B. reference
C. reaction
D. recommendation
12．A. In a word
B. In a sense
C. Indeed
D. In other words
13．A. various
B. different
C. the higher
D. the lower
14．A. revealed
B. exposed
C. engaged
D. involved
15．A. regulations
B. formations
C. rules
D. constitutions
16．A. Although
B. Whether
C. Since
D. When
17．A. distinguished
B. different
C. protected
D. isolated
18．A. exposition
B. comparison
C. contrast
D. interaction
19．A. acquisition
B. appreciation
C. requirement
D. alternative
20．A. As a result
B. After all
C. In other words
D. Above all【答案与解析】
1．B 此为动词词义辨析题。句意：当人类刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会应用语言这种工具。evolve（进化，逐渐发展），符合题意。generate产生，生成，生殖。born（bear的过去分词）不能做谓语动词。originate起源，不能用first修饰。
2．A 根据上下文及语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的，宝贵的。appropriate合适的，适当的。convenient方便的，便利的。favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。
3．A 句意：语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainment成就，造诣；学识。feasibility可行性。entertainment娱乐，消遣。evolution进化。
4．D 句意：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for（对……负责，是……的缘由），符合题意。essential必要的，必不可少的，常与to搭配。available和for搭配意为可用于……的；对……有效的。reliable可信任的。
5．C 根据语法分析，空格后应是一个宾语从句。claim（主张，声称，断言），符合题意。confirm确认；确定；证实。inform通知，告诉，不能直接加宾语从句。convince说服，使确信，也不能直接加宾语从句。
6．D 此题考查固定搭配。provide sb with sth意为向某人提供某物。
7．B 句意：我们高度发达的大脑使我们具备了其他低等动物所不具备的语言能力。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。
8．A 句意：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential作名词时意为潜力，可能性；作形容词时意为潜在的，可能的。performance履行；表现。preference偏爱。passion激情，热情。
9．A 句意：语言本身作为童年时期大脑发育的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as（作为，当作），符合题意。like作介词时意为像……一样。
10．B 句意：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的生长发育是生物变化的过程。biological（生物的），符合题意。ideological思想上的。social社会的。psychological心理的。
11．A 句意：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论，符合题意。reference参考。reaction反应。recommendation推荐。
12．C 从11题可看出，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进一步证明先天论是有道理的，作者选择了以学校为例加以说明，因此这里应填一个表示递进关系的词。Indeed（甚至，实际上，其实），符合题意。in a word总之，简而言之。in a sense就某种意义来说。in other words换句话说，即，也就是说。
13．D 句意：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识，低年级学外语较容易，以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以选定答案。
14．B 句意：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal sth.to sb.意为显露，透露，不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事。be involved in参与。
15．C 句意：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules（规则，规律），符合题意。regulations规定。formations构成，构造。constitutions宪法，章程。
16．A 此题考查逻辑关系，从句意思是：语言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展。前后应为转折关系，所以选although。
17．D 句意：与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated（孤立的，与人隔绝的），符合题意。distinguished区别的，杰出的。different不同的。protected受到保护的。
18．D 此句为总结前几句，意为：必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。interaction（相互作用；互动），符合题意。exposition暴露。comparison比较。contrast对比。
19．A 根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏,感激。requirement要求。alternative转移，转变，转换。
20．C 根据上下文，本句是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行为)”。因此，in other words（换言之，换句话说），符合题意。as a result结果是。after all毕竟。above all首先。
Part 2 Reading Comprehension(20 points)
Directions：There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and choose the ONE answer that is most appropriate.
Passage 1
The free flow of information and communication is paramount to the progress of society. Today, 3G technologies (i.e. UMTS, CDMA2000) are viewed as essential elements for advancing social economic development for countries worldwide.
Globally, 3G technologies benefit entire countries by supporting the proliferation of information, enabling citizens to access vital communication services and promoting the development of technology advancements. It is estimated that mobile broadband usage will grow exponentially over the next three years, delivering the Internet and a plethora of other compelling services to more than l.3 billion people globally by 2012.
The expansion of 3G networks, devices and services in countries around the world is enhancing quality of life and providing expanded economic opportunities, both in the public and private sectors. The expansion of economic opportunities results in increased competition, the development of innovative new services for consumers and greater productivity for enterprises by workers.
Furthermore, 3G is improving the lives of underserved citizens, bridging the “digital divide” that exists in certain regions of the world, particularly in developing countries where teledensity and Internet penetration are low. Access to 3G mobile connectivity helps to address these concerns by delivering essential and richer communication services (i. e. financial, healthcare, education, etc.) that benefit people at every tier of society.
In this Paper, we explore how countries are using advanced mobile technology to enable the aspirations of their citizens and facilitate new growth opportunities in the business sector. Our goal is to provide readers with valuable insights into the many benefits that 3G provides to countries around the world.
Today, 3G networks play a vital role in expanding access to essential communication (voice) and value added information (data. services. To stay competitive in the global economy, countries are adopting 3G to improve their overall level of teledensity (including broadband Interact penetration).
Increases in teledensity, in turn lead to complementary benefits in the form of enhanced gross domestic product (GDP) and job creation opportunities in the telecommunications sector. Economic studies indicate that for every one percent increase in a country’s broadband Interact penetration, GDP per capita increases by roughly 10 percent (USD. , and a one percent increase in mobile penetration results in a GDP per capita increase of roughly five percent (USD. . Moreover, direct investments in communication technology development are strongly correlated with increased job creation. Research data from Criterion Economics indicates that for every additional$1 million (USD. invested in telecommunications in the U. S., l 8 new jobs are created.
Today’s 3G networks allow mobile operators to affordably address the growing global demand for low latency broadband services, a demand that is not being met by existing fixed line networks. In addition, 3G, which has the advantage of being backwards-compatible with legacy networks, provides increased network capacity and other efficiency enhancements that enable operators to deliver more competitive mobile broadband services, while ultimately reducing their investments in both CapEx and OpEx.
3G network infrastructure, applications and services are enabling the much anticipated convergence of mobile communications, computing and consumer electronics. New types of connected devices and services are redefining market sectors including healthcare, education, and entertainment to name a few. Multimode 3G solutions enable access to multiple types of networks；stimulating the progression of ever more advanced service solutions and creating ever-richer user experiences for consumers.
Furthermore, the growing proliferation of 3G devices and the ever expanding industry ecosphere is creating economies of scale that lead to lower total cost of network ownership for operators and makes mobile connectivity more affordable and practical. The benefits of having affordable access to mobile broadband devices and services extend to a country’s institutions, businesses and mass market segments. For instance, expanded opportunities for growth and profitability in the business sector made possible by 3G leads to a trickle-down effect that benefits a country’s general population. In the next section, we will explore citizens utilizing 3G devices and how they enjoy increasingly higher levels of service convenience, safety and productivity.
An estimated 3.43 billion people globally depend on mobile services as an integral part of their daily life. As countries increase the adoption of 3G technologies, the public demand for richer mobile services continues to grow. In the stories that follow, we briefly explore some popular, 3G-enabled service offerings and examine how these services are enhancing quality of life for people around the world.
3G mobile communication services are redefining the way people communicate on a daily basis. Mobile communications can be categorized as ubiquitous (anytime, anywhere and anyplace); personal (MMS, video messaging, post cards, instant messaging, etc.) or interactive (push-to-talk, video telephony, video sharing).
One example of an interactive mobile communications service is KTF’s “WorldPhone View” videophone service in South Korea. Another example is Vodacom’s ‘‘The Grid” service in South Africa, which offers a social networking application enhanced via GPS-enabled location awareness technology. Interactive services like these are distinguished by the convenience, customization and relevance they provide to the user community.
The ability to provide healthcare services to people in isolated locations has traditionally been a daunting task. However, 3G technologies have the potential to help overcome these braziers and address many other healthcare needs as new wireless health services and devices come to market. For instance, wireless health services ranging from medication reminders to remote diagnostic and monitoring services have the potential to both improve and extend life.
The wireless health industry is only just beginning to gain critical mass but the advent of innovative new 3G wireless-enabled devices and applications that are “always with you” and “always on” holds the potential to transform modem healthcare, eliminating barriers to care and driving costs out of the system.
One case in point is in the province of Phang Nga, located in Thailand. The province includes two remote islands (Koh Panyee and Koh Yoa Yai), which are roughly 45-minutes away from the nearest hospital by boat. Thanks to a collaboration with Thailand’s CAT Telecom and Ministry of Public Health, two remote healthcare clinics on the islands are now wirelessly connected to the mainland hospital, leveraging the power of 3G mobile broadband to share patient information and facilitate timely remote medical consults.
Two other industries being positively impacted by 3G are financial services and mobile commerce. Mobile financial services made possible by 3G technologies provide a new level of convenience, visibility and safety when it comes to managing finances, no matter what the consumer’s socioeconomic status maybe.
In emerging markets, access to 3G is making convenient and secure banking and payment solutions available to people who previously were unable to obtain traditional banking services. In the Philippines, it is estimated that roughly 68 million citizens are classified as “unbanked.”
Globe Telecom also reached out to Philippine companies to establish direct deposit services to take place under the G. Cash platform. Today, G-Cash subscribers have the ability to conduct personal finance transactions (deposit paychecks, withdraw cash, check balances, etc.) at more than 6, 000 retail outlets nationwide. Next, we will discuss how 3G deployments create expanded opportunities in the business sector.
Recent technology enhancements in 3G airlink-performance (i.e., higher data rates, optimized quality of service (QoS), reduced latency, increased network capacity, etc.) are enabling mobile operators to achieve faster time-to-market, with a growing array of innovative new devices, applications and services. These new offerings help stimulate the expansion of the country’s telecommunications ecosystem, contributing to industry growth and competitiveness and paving the way for further innovation.
In the workplace, mobile broadband services are providing employees with real-time access to remote desktop enterprise solutions, increasing company response times for customers and leading to increased productivity for workers. For example, employees working offsite with mobile laptops or handheld devices may access company resource management solutions and dynamically collaborate with intra-office systems that link warehouses, suppliers and customer databases. Other new capabilities in the connected workplace range from creating sales orders in real-time to automatic inventory re-stocking. Innovative 3G solutions like these are helping enterprises improve their asset and resource management capabilities, streamline their operations and ultimately, achieve significant cost savings.
Some of the latest mobile service offerings couple entertainment services with elements of social networking functionality. One example of an industry collaboration leading to the creation of an innovative new business model is the “Xploaded Music” service offered by South African operator MTN. The service provides a forum for unsigned and independent artists to distribute their music over MTN’s 3G network.
Moreover, the service integrates social networking services (blogs, music rating services, live event notices, etc.) into the Xploaded Music site, enhancing artist’s exposure as well as the user experience for MTN subscribers. As part of the business model, artists earn royalties from music sales in addition to having access to MTN’s mentor program where artists may participate in music industry business courses.
The Xploaded Music site has allowed MTN to become South Africa’s largest digital distributor of “local” music. One key indication of the success of the business model is that several other similar services have been introduced to MTN’s regional market, thereby creating increased competition and stimulating the implementation of new service innovations.
3G technologies have ushered in a new era of enhanced and expanded access to information and communication that is unprecedented in the history of telecommunications. Countries around the world are experiencing the growing benefits associated with advanced 3G mobile broadband technologies. The deployment of 3G solutions, devices and services enables countries to more rapidly increase teledensity and expand broadband Internet penetration rates nationwide.
Countries adopting 3G have experienced higher levels of GDP per capita and job creation in the telecommunications sector. Moreover, 3G expands a country’s opportunities in the business sector, contributing to increased competitiveness and promoting innovative new wirelessly enabled businesses and services. Finally, 3G provides the country’s citizens with richer, more compelling communications services. Access to convenient, affordable and highly customizable mobile broadband devices and services makes life more productive, secure and meaningful and empowers people to transform the way they live, learn, work and play.
1．According to the passage, 3 G technologies are ______ .
A. essential to the development of a country
B. essential to the development of the economy
C. important to people’s life
D. all the above
2．By 2012, more than ______ people will enjoy the Internet and other services brought by 3G technology.
A. 1 billion
B. 1.2 billion
C. 1.3 billion
D. 1.4 billion
3．How does 3G benefit the developing countries where teledensity and Internet penetration are low?
A. It bridges the “digital divide” that exists in these countries.
B. It delivers essential and richer communication services.
C. It supports the proliferation of information. .
D. all the above
4．According to the passage, increases in teledensity of a country can-_____。
A. enhance gross domestic product
B. reduce job opportunities
C. increase the chances of economic crisis
D. 1cad to inflation
5．Which of the following statements is NOT true about 3G network?
A. It allows mobile operators to affordably address the global demand for low-latency broadband services.
B. It has the advantage of being backwards-compatible with legacy networks.
C. It increases operators’ investment in both CapEx and OpEx.
D. It provides increased network capacity.
6．Mobile communications can be categorized as the following types except ______.
A. ubiquitous
B. public
C. interactive
D. personal
7．“WorldPhone View” and “The Grid” are examples of ______.
A. interactive mobile communications service
B. ubiquitous mobile communications service
C. personal mobile communications service
D. public mobile communications service
8．Which of the following does NOT belong to wireless health services?
A. medication reminder
B. clinic treatment
C. remote diagnosis
D. remote monitoring
9．Which of the following can be done in a connected workplace?
A. creating sales orders in real time
B. automatic inventory restocking
C. dynamic collaborate with intra-office systems
D. all the above
10．Which of the following might NOT be a benefit brought by 3G?
A. It increases the levels of GDP per capita for countries.
B. It helps job creation in the telecommunications sector.
C. It reduces a country’s competitiveness.
D. It provides people with richer communications services.【答案与解析】
1．D 根据题干要求，结合选项，可知本题考查的是从全文出发分析3G技术的影响作用。根据第一，二段的内容可知选项A、B、C的表述都是正确的，故D选项为正确答案。
2．C 事实细节题。 题干问的是到2012年，将有多少人能享受到3G技术带来的互联网服务，根据关键词“2012”，可以定位到第二段最后一句，文中提到“more than l.3 billion people globally by 2012”，从而得出C选项即为正确答案。
3．D 根据题干要求，结合选项，可知本题考查的是3G技术对于电话及互联网普及率低的发展中国家的影响。根据关键词“teledensity and Internet penetration”，我们可以定位到第四段，可知选项A的表述是正确的。文中第二段第一句提到“Globally, 3G technologies benefit entire countries ...technology advancements”，可知选项B和C的表述也是正确的。故D选项为正确答案。
4．A 事实细节题。题干问的是一个国家电话普及率提高将会产生怎样的影响。根据关键词“increases in teledensity”，我们可以定位到第七段最后一句，文中提到“Increases in teledensity, in turn lead to…gross domestic product (GDP) and job creation opportunities in the telecommunications sector”，从而得出选项A即为正确答案。选项B表述明显是错误的，选项C和D文中未提及，故排除。
5．C 题干要求选出对3G网络表述不正确的一项。第八段段末“…while ultimately reducing their investments in both CapEx and
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