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苏州大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2010年苏州大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and Structure (30%)
Directions: Each of the following sentences has an underlined word or phrase. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases marked A), B), C) and D). You are to choose the ONE word or phrase which, if substituted for the underlined word or phrase, would keep the meaning of the original sentence.
1．This is an abstract of a sermon.
A. an agent
B. an accommodation
C. an abbreviation
D. a summary【答案】D【解析】句意：这是布道的概要。accommodation住处，膳宿。abbreviation缩写；缩写词。
2．The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from the people of France to memorialize the alliance between the two countries.
A. negotiation
B. anniversary
C. treaty
D. association【答案】D【解析】句意：自由女神像是法国人民送给美国的礼物，以纪念两国之间的联盟。alliance联盟，联合。D项association与其意思相同。
3．Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.
A. emphatically stated
B. assured
C. accentuated
D. entreated【答案】A【解析】句意：门罗主义制定于1823年，宣称美洲不再对欧洲殖民开放。assert“（坚决）主张”，其英文释义为“to state firmly that something is true”，因此A项“emphatically stated”与其意思相同。assure保证；担保。accentuate强调；重读。entreat恳求。
4．The bleaching of laundry by sunlight is at least partly a photochemical process.
A. bleeding
B. blessing
C. whitening
D. scrubbing【答案】C【解析】句意：日光下衣物的漂白至少部分是光化过程。bleaching漂白。scrubbing洗涤。
5．Diplomatic misunderstandings can often be traced back to blunders in translation.
A. mistakes
B. attempts
C. insults
D. arguments【答案】A【解析】句意：外交上的误解经常可以追溯到翻译中的错误。blunder大错。
6．Over ninety percent of all household burglaries occur while the owners are out.
A. thefts
B. bumps
C. clashes
D. explosions【答案】A【解析】句意：超过90%的家庭盗窃案发生在业主外出期间。burglary盗窃。theft盗窃。bump肿块，隆起物。clash冲突，不协调。
7．Since fingernails can be easily clipped, they are a convenient resource for those who wish to measure levels of trace elements in the body.
A. cloaked
B. clasped
C. trimmed
D. clapped【答案】C【解析】句意：由于指甲很容易修剪，对于那些想要测量身体微量元素水平的人来说，它们可以轻易获得。clip剪；剪掉。trim修剪。cloak遮掩。clasp紧抱；扣紧。clap鼓掌。
8．Prof. Baker came up with an idea in his lecture yesterday.
A. abolished
B. took advantage of
C. appreciated
D. proposed【答案】D【解析】句意：贝克教授昨天在演讲中提出了一个想法。come up with提出；想出。propose提出，提议。abolish废除。appreciate欣赏；感激。
9．Salt has been a respected commodity for much of recorded time.
A. flavoring
B. preservative
C. remedy for illness
D. article of trade【答案】D【解析】句意：盐在大部分时间一直是受人尊敬的商品。commodity商品，货物。“article of trade”也是“商品”的意思。flavoring调味品。preservative防腐剂。remedy for illness疾病的治疗。
10．After 1850, various states in the United States began to pass compulsory school attendance laws.
A. harsh
B. diversified
C. mandatory
D. complicated【答案】C【解析】句意：1850年以后，美国各州开始通过义务教育法。compulsory强制的；义务的。mandatory强制的。harsh严厉的。diversified多样化的。
11．Some birds consistently return to the same nesting area each spring.
A. occasionally
B. purposely
C. regularly
D. surprisingly【答案】C【解析】句意：一些鸟类每年春天都会回到相同的巢区。consistently一贯地；一致地。regularly定期地；有规律地。occasionally偶尔；间或。
12．Mary McCarthy’s satires are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.
A. fused
B. prefaced
C. standardized
D. expressed【答案】D【解析】句意：玛丽·麦卡锡的讽刺诗以一种具有经典精确性的散文风格表达出来。be couched in以（特定方式）表达，用……措辞。fuse融合。preface作序。
13．Andre Watts gave a dazzling interpretation of Beethoven’s Emperor Concerto.
A. a daring
B. a crystal
C. a crooked
D. a brilliant【答案】D【解析】句意：安德烈·沃茨对贝多芬的《皇帝协奏曲》作出了精彩的诠释。dazzling在这里是“amazingly impressive”的意思，与brilliant意思相同。crooked弯曲的；歪的。
14．Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.
A. decently
B. noticeably
C. intentionally
D. creatively【答案】C【解析】句意：人类的面部表情与动物的面部表情不同，它们可以被有意识地控制和修改。deliberately故意地。intentionally故意地，有意地。decently合适地；高雅地。noticeably显著地。
15．Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.
A. destined
B. created
C. diagnosed
D. afforded【答案】B【解析】句意：宇航员们接受了人类有史以来最严格的训练。devise设计；想出。destine注定。diagnose诊断。
16．The Moon, the Sun, and the visible planets were considered by earliest observers to be divine objects.
A. orbital
B. sacred
C. fanciful
D. magnified【答案】B【解析】句意：月亮、太阳和可见的行星被最早的观察者认为是神圣的物体。divine神圣的。sacred神的；神圣的。orbital轨道的。magnified放大的。
17．A long journey in cold weather is dreadfully tiring.
A. unfortunately
B. terribly
C. alternately
D. desperately【答案】B【解析】句意：在寒冷的天气里长途旅行非常累人。dreadfully可怕地；极其。alternately交替地；轮流地。desperately拼命地；绝望地。
18．The Abstract Expressionist movement emerged in New York City in the 1940’ s.
A. merged
B. came into prominence
C. meager
D. was labeled【答案】B【解析】句意：抽象表现主义运动出现于20世纪40年代的纽约。come into prominence意思是“出名；成为显要”，与emerge的意思最为接近。merge合并；融合。meager贫乏的。
19．In terms of precipitation, ten inches of snow is the equivalent of an inch of rain.
A. the symbol of
B. the same as
C. the equality
D. the disguise of【答案】B【解析】句意：就降水而言，10英寸的雪相当于一英寸的雨。the equivalent of相当于。
20．A vein is a deposit of mineral matter that has filled a fault or seam in a rock.
A. a cave
B. an indentation
C. a crack
D. a hole【答案】C【解析】句意：矿脉是矿物的沉积填满了岩石中的断层或缝隙。fault断层。crack裂缝。cave洞穴。indentation压痕，刻痕。
21．The use of formaldehyde foam in insulation was recently banned by the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
A. form
B. formula
C. forum
D. a mass of white bubbles【答案】D【解析】句意：最近，消费者产品安全委员会禁止使用甲醛泡沫。foam泡沫，即D项“a mass of white bubbles”。
22．Farmers in eastern Maryland and on Long Island specialize in raising fowl.
A. sardines
B. salmon
C. poultry
D. shrimps【答案】C【解析】句意：马里兰州东部和长岛的农民专门饲养家禽。fowl家禽。poultry家禽。sardine沙丁鱼。salmon鲑鱼。
23．Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960.
A. growled
B. frowned at
C. acclaimed
D. exclaimed【答案】C【解析】句意：菲利普·罗斯在1960年被誉为重要的新作家。hail致敬。acclaim称赞。growl咆哮。frown at对……感到生气不满；对……皱眉。exclaim呼喊，惊叫。
24．Grouping stars by constellations is a handy way of mapping the sky.
A. grand
B. gorgeous
C. fake
D. convenient【答案】D【解析】句意：按星座将星星分组是绘制星空图的一种简便方法。handy便利的。
25．Like most migratory birds, warblers head south in the fall.
A. jog
B. gallop
C. crawl
D. fly【答案】D【解析】句意：和大多数候鸟一样，莺会在秋天向南迁徙。head的意思是“前进；出发”，对于鸟来说就是“fly”。jog慢跑。gallop飞驰；急速进行。crawl爬行。
26．I don’t think it is impartial for the professor to flunk my Chemistry test.
A. unbiased
B. compatible
C. imperial
D. effusive【答案】A【解析】句意：我认为教授让我的化学测验不及格是不公平的。impartial公平的，公正的。unbiased公正的；无偏见的。compatible兼容的；能共处的。effusive流出的；感情横溢的。
27．The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria.
A. an extra
B. an unbelievable
C. a verifiable
D. an unavoidable【答案】B【解析】句意：显微镜使科学家能够辨别出数量惊人、种类繁多的细菌。incredible难以置信的，惊人的。
28．In the Navajo household, grandparents and other relatives play indispensable roles in raising children.
A. dominant
B. exemplary
C. essential
D. demanding【答案】C【解析】句意：在纳瓦霍家庭中，祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养子女方面发挥不可或缺的作用。indispensable不可缺少的。dominant显性的；占优势的。exemplary典范的；可仿效的。demanding苛求的；要求高的。
29．The term “New Deal” applies to the program of reform and recovery initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
A. inferred
B. inherited
C. originated
D. injected【答案】C【解析】句意：“新政”一词适用于富兰克林·罗斯福总统发起的改革和复苏计划。initiate开始；发起。originate创造；发起。
30．Rockefeller Center has leased part of its land from Columbia University.
A. exploited
B. imported
C. grasped
D. rented【答案】D【解析】句意：洛克菲勒中心从哥伦比亚大学租了部分土地。leased租得。
II. Reading Comprehension
Part One: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages and then decide on the best choice. (30%)
Passage One
Although humans may have entered the New World between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago, the first solid evidence for their presence in the Midwest comes from the Paleo-Indian period, which dates 10,000 to 8000 B.C. By this time, humans had spread throughout both continents of the Western Hemisphere and had developed distinctive tool kits for exploiting the environment Archaeological data suggest that subsistence activities centered around hunting large late-Pleistocene mammals, such as extinct forms of bison, mammoth, and mastodon. This exploitative pattern is frequently referred to as the big-game hunting tradition. It is probable that small game animals and plant resources also played an important, if not dominant, part in the subsistence activities during this period, but there is currently little archaeological evidence to substantiate this proposition. Social groups probably consisted of small bands that wandered over large areas in pursuit of game and other scattered resources.
The tradition from Paleo-Indian to Archaic occurred gradually throughout the eastern woodlands and is generally correlated with the retreat of the glaciers as well as with the concomitant change in the kinds and distributions of plant and animal resources. Dates assigned to the Archaic period range between approximately 8000 B.C. and 1000 B.C. This long period can be further subdivided into three parts: the Early Archaic (8000 to 5000 B.C.), Middle Archaic (5000 to 2000 B.C.), and Late Archaic (2000 to 1000 B.C.).
Archaic substance activities focused on gathering from localized areas a wide range of wild resources, such as large and small mammals, birds, fish, nuts, and seeds. Through time, Archaic populations developed from small, scattered groups scavenging resources over a wide area to larger groups forming greater regional populations that occupied more limited territories. Groups apparently moved from place to place to collect a variety of localized resources in a seasonal round. The archaic period marks the beginning of the development of regional cultural traditions that persist into later times throughout the eastern woodlands.
During the Early Archaic, sites tend to be small and scattered, much like those of the Paleo-Indian period. Sites occur primarily in upland situations, but Early Archaic remains have also been found in rock shelters and along high river terraces. Sites located in upland contexts are frequently concentrated near secondary stream valleys along major rivers. The variety of site locations evidently reflects seasonal shifts of settlements during the Early Archaic. However, in some areas, such as the lower Mississippi Valley, where Early Archaic sites are located in bottomland situations, variation in settlement type may be more a reflection of functional differences than of seasonal shifts.
During the Middle Archaic, subsistence emphasis shifts toward more intensive utilization of localized resources, with a stress on exploiting forests and riverine contexts. Data from the lower Illinois River valley suggest that a broad spectrum of fauna was being taken, along with a limited number of highly productive floral resources, such as hickory nuts. The appearance of the grinding stone in the tool inventory indicates that nuts and seeds had become an important part of the subsistence base. The beginning of the manufacture of working was also an important activity. Base camps with permanent habitation structures appear as part of the settlement system and are apparently occupied for most, if not all, of a year. The earliest burials in Illinois also occur during this period.
1．The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?
A. By what period did the grinding stone tools become feasible in the New World?
B. How rapidly did the population of the New World grow during the Archaic period?
C. What types of dwellings were constructed during the Middle Archaic period?
D. Why were Archaic settlements frequently located near rivers?
2．It can be inferred from the passage that the first humans to enter the New World.
A. lived a largely nomadic existence
B. subsisted mainly on a diet of meat
C. have left no clear-cut traces of their existence
D. were probably wiped out by the advance of the glaciers
3．According to the passage, subsistence activities in the Archaic period differed from those in the Paleo-Indian period in that they.
A. consisted mainly of activities that followed cultural patterns peculiar to particular areas
B. were predicted less directly upon the availability of a supply of game animals
C. involved larger groups of humans working together cooperatively
D. involved more regular and more localized patterns of group travel
4．According to the passage, evidence from the lower Illinois River Valley suggests that during the Middle Archaic period.
A. the amount of seasonal migration engaged in humans probably declined
B. the cultivation of plants for foods became increasingly important
C. woodworking was a major occupation
D. the idea of an afterlife appeared
5．The passage is most concerned with describing.
A. the life of the earliest humans to inhabit the new world
B. how humans of the Archaic period lived and supported themselves
C. archaeological evidence about the life of early humans in the American Midwest
D. the gradual development of tools, farming, and settlements during the Archaic period【答案与解析】
1．A 由最后一段可知，磨石出现在“Middle Archaic”，因此A项问题在文中得到了解答。
2．A 由第一段可知，考古数据显示当时人类从事大型动物的狩猎活动，但是小型动物和植物在这一时期也可能发挥着重要作用，由此可见当时人们过着游牧生活。
3．A 由第三段可知，在Archaic时期，生存活动主要“focused on gathering from localized areas a wide range of wild resources”，而且标志着“the development of regional cultural traditions”的开始。
4．A 根据最后一段，伊利诺斯下游的证据表明，“Base camps with permanent habitation structures appear as part of the settlement system and are apparently occupied for most, if not all, of a year.”，也就是说人们的生存活动趋于固定于一个领域。
5．C 文章第一段便说到美国中西部最早的人类足迹出现于什么时候，并在下文对那个时期人类的活动及特征进行了介绍。
Passage Two
A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most—people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or declining incomes—he would probably answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on other things.” Her family had been planning to buy a new car. But they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked. This is shown by the following typical comment, “I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high.”
Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to consider them “right” and expect them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.
6．The example of the mechanic’s wife is intended to show that in times of rising prices.
A. people with declining income tend to buy less
B. people with stable income tend to borrow less
C. People with increasing income tend to buy more
D. People with money also tend to buy less
7．Findings in investigations in Britain indicate.
A. certain factors should be taken into account
B. people in Britain behave in the same way as those in America
C. price stability results from a correct understanding of consumer psychology
D. occasional discounts and sales are necessary
8．According to the passage people tend to buy more when.
A. prices are expected to go up
B. prices are expected to go down
C. prices don’t change
D. the business policy doesn’t change
9．Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. To study consumer behavior , one must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that affect money spending.
B. People with declining incomes borrow most.
C. British consumers were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns.
D. In Britain, the practice of keeping stable price with occasional sales or discounts is reasonable.
10．The best title of the passage is.
A. consumer’s Purchasing Power
B. relationship between Income and Purchasing Power
C. traditional Assumptions
D. studies in Consumer Behaviour【答案与解析】
6．D 由题干the mechanic's wife定位到第二段倒数第三、四句话，意思是机修工的妻子说，价格可能上涨时，我们必须花更多的钱来购买肉和牛奶，因而用于购买其他东西的钱就相应少了。她家原计划要买的新车也推迟购买。作者用此例来说明价格可能上涨时，人们即使有钱也不会去大量采购。
7．C 文章最后一句说到“the common business policy of maintaining stable prices...is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.”，因此C项正确。
8．D 根据最后一段可知，价格稳定能够促进消费者消费，但并不是价格不变，这应该是一种“common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts”，即保持价格稳定并不时进行促销或打折的商业策略，因此D项正确。
9．B 由第二段前两句可知，“people with rising incomes”借钱最多，所以B项表述错误。
10．D 本文主要研究了英国和美国消费者在不同条件下的消费行为，因此D项正确。
Passage Three
Changes in the volume of unemployment are governed by three fundamental forces: the growth of the labor force, the increase in output per man-hour, and the growth of total demand for goods and services. Changes in the average hours of work enter in exactly parallel fashion but have been quantitatively less significant. As productivity rises, less labor is required per dollar of national product, or more goods and services can be produced with the same number of man-hours. If output does not grow, employment will certainly fall: if production increases more rapidly than productivity (less any decline in average hours worked), employment must rise. But the labor force grows too. Unless gross national product (total final expenditure for goods and services corrected for price changes) rises more rapidly than the sum of productivity increase and labor-force growth (again modified for any change in hours of work), the increase in employment will be inadequate to absorb the growth in the labor force. Inevitably the unemployment rate will increase. Only when total productivity expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall. Increases in productivity were more important than growth of the labor force as sources of the wide gains in output experienced in the period from the end of the war to the mid-sixties. These increases in potential production simply were not matched by increases in demand adequate to maintain steady full employment.
Except for the recession years of 1949, 1954, and 1958, the rate of economic growth exceeded the rate of productivity increase. However, in the late 1950 s productivity and labor force were increasing more rapidly than usual, while the growth of output was slower than usual. This accounted for the change in employment rates.
But if part of the national purpose is to reduce and contain unemployment, arithmetic is not enough. We must know which of the basic factors we can control and which we wish to control. Unemployment would have risen more slowly or fallen more rapidly if productivity had increased more slowly, or the labor force had increased more slowly, or the hours of work had fallen more steeply, or total output had grown more rapidly. These are not independent factors however, and a change in any of them might have caused changes in the others.
A society can choose to reduce the growth of productivity, and it can probably find ways to frustrate its own creativity. However, while a reduction in the growth of productivity at the expense of potential output might result in higher employment in the short run, the long-run effect on the national interest would be disastrous.
We must also give consideration to the fact that hidden beneath national averages is continuous movement into, out of, between, and within labor markets. For example, 15 years ago, the average number of persons in the labor force was 74 million, with about 70 million employed and 3.9 million unemployed. Yet 14 million experienced some term of unemployment in that year. Some were new entrants to the labor force, others were laid off temporarily. The remainder were those who were permanently of indefinitely severed from their jobs. Thus, the average number of unemployed during a year understates the actual volume of involuntary displacement that actually occurs.
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