计算机专业英语(第2版)(txt+pdf+epub+mobi电子书下载)


发布时间:2020-08-13 20:24:29

点击下载

作者:朱龙 刘长君

出版社:人民邮电出版社

格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT

计算机专业英语(第2版)

计算机专业英语(第2版)试读:

内容提要

本书共7章,涵盖了英语在计算机硬件、软件、网络等多方面的应用,主要包括硬件基础、计算机系统维护、计算机网络基础、软件、程序设计语言、计算机网络技术、IT职场英语等,图文并茂,中英对照,生动易读。书中还加入课文朗读音频二维码,读者扫码即可开展移动学习。

本书可作为高职高专院校计算机相关专业计算机专业英语课程教材,也适合职业培训机构和自学者使用。第2版 前言

通过在高等职业院校多年计算机专业课的教学,我们体会到:英语是专业课学习的难点和障碍之一。为此,我们编写了这本计算机专业英语教材,编者们均是长期从事计算机专业课教学的教师和资深英语教师,在内容上进行了大刀阔斧的改革,以区别于同类教材。本书出版5年来,已经重印11次,受到许多职业院校师生的欢迎。此次修订,在保留原书特色的基础上,对存在的一些问题加以修正,对部分章节进行了完善和更新,加入了课文朗读音频二维码,方便读者移动学习。

本书有如下特色:

1.本书讲解了丰富的计算机知识,并且非常实用、全面,旨在为读者学习后续课程(如计算机语言、硬件与网络维护、计算机网络应用、图形图像处理等)扫清障碍。

2.版面活泼,图文并茂,布局简洁流畅,赏心悦目,具有很好的视觉效果。

3.分散难点,突出重点,在各节(页)后罗列新出现的专业词汇,绝不堆砌大量的专业词汇,避免学生产生畏难情绪。

4.精编与计算机新技术结合的短文、英汉对照阅读,每章后讲解若干专业术语,以方便任课教师往纵深发挥。

5.各章安排相关的情景对话,使学生易学易懂,并且随处都能开口讲,从而调动学生的学习兴趣。

6.各章内容难度依次加深,适合各种层次的学生,基础好的学生可以阅读章后附文,以了解更多的专业词汇。

7.作业形式多样,难度适中。

本书在内容和选择方面,特别考虑了基础性与专业性的结合,因此在教学中,建议将第1、2、3、7章作为基础性的必学内容,而第4、5、6章可根据不同专业需要作为选学内容。

本书由朱龙、刘长君担任主编,孙雅妮、谢宇担任副主编,赵克林担任主审,向文欣、乔治锡、肖朵参与了本书的编写。本书录音由黄秀英、程元元录制。

由于水平有限,书中难免有疏漏或不足之处,敬请读者批评指正。编者2017年11月Chapter 1Hardware Concepts(硬件基础)教学要求

掌握专业关键词汇(key words);能阅读本章所列英语短文;能识别计算机的各组件。教学内容

硬件英语;各相关硬件设备品牌、主要生产厂商;常用的专业术语。教学提示

到学校机房或本地电脑城参观,感受本章内容,以学到更多的专业词汇。1.1 Personal Computer(个人计算机)

A personal computer, or PC, is a type of microcomputer designed for the use by only one person at a time. Generally, a PC is a small digital computer constructed around a microprocessor,which is a semiconductor chip that contains all the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry needed to perform the functions of a computer’s central processing unit ( CPU ).

By 1990 some personal computers had become small enough to be completely portable; these included laptop computers, which could rest on one’s lap; notebook computers, which were about the size of a notebook; and pocket or palm-sized computers, which could be held in one’s hand.

个人计算机简称为PC,是一种专为个人用户设计的微型计算机,一次只能由一个人使用。一般来说,PC是一种以微处理器为中心构建起来的小型数字计算机。微处理器本身是一块半导体芯片,包含各种算术、逻辑、控制电路,用以实现中央处理器(CPU)的各项功能。

到1990年,某些个人计算机已是十分小巧了,完全可以随身携带,如可以放置在膝上使用的便携式计算机,笔记本大小的笔记本电脑,还有可以握在手中使用的袖珍型(或称为掌上型)计算机。Notebook Computer

Key words:personal computer(个人计算机),microcomputer(微型计算机),digital computer(数字计算机),microprocessor(微处理器),chip(芯片),central processing unit(中央处理器),laptop computer(便携式计算机),notebook computer(笔记本电脑)

常见的计算机品牌:苹果(Apple)、联想(Lenovo-IBM)、戴尔(DELL)、惠普(HP)、方正(Founder)、TCL、海尔(Haier)、清华同方(Tongfang)、宏碁(Acer)、华硕(ASUS)等。1.2 System Unit and Peripherals(主机及外围设备)

The hardware part of a computer system consists of the physical components and all associated equipment. They are input devices, the system unit, secondary storage,output devices, and communications devices.

Input devices are equipment that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard, scanner, input pen,touch screen and mouse. The keyboard on a computer looks like a typewriter keyboard, but it has additional specialized keys. A mouse is a device that typically rolls on the desktop. It directs the insertion point, or cursor, on the display screen. A mouse has one or more buttons for selection commands. It is also used to draw figures.

计算机系统的硬件是由物理部件和其他相关设备组成的,包括输入设备、系统单元、辅助存储器、输出设备和通信设备。

输入设备的功能是将人所能识别的数据和程序翻译成计算机能够处理的形式。最常用的计算机输入设备包括键盘、扫描仪、输入笔、触摸屏和鼠标。计算机上的键盘就像打字机上的键盘一样,只不过另外有一些专用键位。鼠标是在桌面上移动的一种装置,用以在显示屏上控制插入点或移动光标。鼠标有一个或多个按键,用于选择命令。鼠标还可以用来绘制图形。

Key words:hardware(硬件),computer system(计算机系统),input device(输入设备),system unit(系统单元),secondary storage(辅助存储器),output device(输出设备),communications device(通信设备),data(数据),program(程序),keyboard(键盘),scanner(扫描仪),input pen(输入笔),touch screen(触摸屏),mouse(鼠标),cursor(光标)1.2.1 Monitor/Display(显示器)

A display is a computer output surface that shows text and often graphic images to the computer user, using a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD) or other image projection technology.A display can be distinguished according to: color capability, sharpness and viewability, screen size, and the projection technology.

显示器是一种计算机输出界面,用以将文本和图像呈现给计算机用户。显示器所使用的图像显像技术包括阴极射线管(CRT)技术、液晶显示(LCD)技术等。显示器主要有以下几项技术指标:色彩指标、清晰度、可视性、屏幕尺寸以及显像技术。

Key words:monitor(显示器),display(显示器),surface(界面),image(图像),CRT(阴极射线管),LCD(液晶显示器),color(色彩),sharpness(清晰度),projection technology(显像技术)Monitor (LCD)Monitor (CRT)

常见的显示器品牌:三星(SAMSUNG)、AOC、戴尔(DELL)、飞利浦(Philips)、LG、HKC、惠普(HP)、宏碁(Acer)、优派(ViewSonic)、明基(BenQ)、华硕(ASUS)、三菱、长城(Great Wall)、Eizo、NEC、苹果(Apple)等。1.2.2 Input Device: Keyboard and Mouse(输入设备:键盘和鼠标)The Keyboard

On most computers, the keyboard is the primary text input device. (The mouse is also a primary input device but its ability to easily transmit textual information is limited. )

The 101-key keyboard has four key groups: first,the function key row at the top of the keyboard; second,the main (typewriter) keypad; third, the cursor-edit keypad with arrows indicating up, down, right, and left directions for moving the cursor; and fourthly, the numeric (calculator style) keypad, which has two operating modes (when the Num Lock indicator light is on, the keypad is in the numeric mode; to switch the keypad to the editing mode, press the Num Lock key to turn off the Num Lock indicator ) .

在大多数计算机上,键盘是主要的文本输入设备。(鼠标也是主要的输入设备,但在录入文本信息方面却能力有限。)

101键位的键盘有4个键区:第一,键盘上部的功能键区;第二,主键区(打字键区);第三,光标/编辑键区,包括上、下、左、右四个箭头键,用于移动光标;第四,数字键区(计算器式的),具有两种工作模式(当Num Lock指示灯亮时,该键区处于数字输入状态;要转换到编辑状态,只需按Num Lock键,关闭Num Lock指示灯即可)。Mouse

Key words:function key(功能键),keypad(小键盘),cursor-edit keypad(光标-编辑键盘),numeric keypad(数字键盘),Num Lock key(数字锁定键)1.2.3 System Unit(主机)

The system unit is the electronic circuitry housed within the computer cabinet. The two main parts of the system unit are:

1. The central processing unit (CPU), which controls and manipulates data to produce information.

2. Memory, also known as primary storage,which holds data and program instructions for processing the data.

系统部件是安装在计算机机箱中的电子线路的总称。系统部件的主要的两部分是:

1.中央处理器(CPU),控制和处理数据以输出信息。

2.内部存储器,也就是主存,保存数据及处理数据的程序指令。System UnitNotes

1. System Unit:系统部件,包括机箱(chassis)内的主板(mainboard)、中央处理器(CPU)、内存(memory)、总线(bus)及各类端口(port)。

2. Memory:这一术语单独使用时多指内存。内存的其他英文术语还有:primary storage/memory,internal memory,main memory。

Key words: information(信息),memory(内存),primary storage(主存),instruction(指令)1.2.4 Printer(打印机)

A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information onto paper,usually to standard-sized sheets of paper.

Personal computer printers can be classified as impact and non-impact printers. The dot-matrix printer has been a popular low-cost personal computer printer. It’s an impact printer that strikes the paper a line at a time. The best-known non-impact printers are the inkjet printer,of which several makes of low-cost color printers are examples, and the laser printer.

打印机是一种从主机接收文本或图形信息,并将其传送到打印纸上的设备,通常使用标准纸张。

个人计算机配套的打印机可分成击打式和非击打式两种。点阵式打印机价格较低,一直是个人计算机上流行的打印机。点阵式打印机属击打式的,每次在纸上打印一行。最常见的非击打式打印机当属喷墨打印机(比如市场上那几款低价位的彩色喷墨打印机)和激光打印机。

常见的打印机品牌:佳能(Canon)、惠普(HP)、爱普生(Epson)、富士施乐(Fujixerox)、三星(SAMSUNG)、兄弟(Brother)、联想(Lenovo)、OKI等。

Key words:printer(打印机),standard-sized sheets(标准页),impact printer(击打式打印机),non-impact printer(非击打式打印机),dot-matrix printer(点阵打印机),inkjet printer(喷墨打印机),color printer(彩色打印机),laser printer(激光打印机)Laser PrinterInkjet PrinterDot-matrix Printer1.3 Computer Components(计算机组件)

计算机组件主要包括:

Mainboard/System board(主板),Memory(内存),CPU(中央处理器),Video adapter(视频适配器),Hard disk(硬盘),Multimedia(多媒体)。1.3.1 System Board(主板)

System boards are almost as important as CPUs in computer system. If a CPU were a heart or a brain,a system board would be a blood vessel or nerve system. A CPU controlls and manages the whole system with the help of a system board.

A system board actually is the largest circuit board among computer components. There are many electronic elements, sockets, slots, and connects on it,which link CPU with peripherals together.

在计算机系统中,主板几乎和CPU一样重要。如果CPU是心脏或大脑,那么主板则是血管或神经系统。CPU必须在主板的帮助下来控制和管理整个系统。

主板实际上是计算机部件中最大的电路板。在它上面,有许多元件、插座、插槽和接插件,它能把CPU和外围设备连接在一起。

Key words:system board(主板),circuit board(电路板),socket(插座),slot(插槽),peripheral(外围设备)

常见的主板品牌:华硕(ASUS)、技嘉(GIGABYTE)、微星(msi)、映泰(BIOSTAR)、华擎(Asrock)、精英(ECS)、七彩虹(Colorful)、昂达(ONDA)、梅捷(SOYO)、英特尔(Intel)等。

PCI:Peripheral Component Interconnect外围组件互联(一种局部总线标准)

PCIE:PCI Express 高速的PCI

USB:Universal Serial Bus 英特尔公司开发的通用串行总线架构

IDE:Integrate Circuit Equipment 集成电路设备

AGP:Accelerated Graphics Port 高速图形接口1.3.2 Memory(内存)

Your personal computer comes with a minimum of 8 gigabytes of memory or even more, depending on your system.

System memory is located on chips inside the computer,and is measured in bytes(the amount of storage needed to hold one character).

There are categories of system memory: Read Only Memory (ROM), and Random Access Memory(RAM). ROM contains programs and data that never change. This is the memory that initializes the computer when it is turned on. The information contained in ROM is permanent, and is not lost when the computer is turned off. By contrast, RAM is temporary storage for programs and data while they are being used by the computer. RAM is contained in memory components called Single Inline Memory Modules or SIMMs. It is volatile memory, which means that to retain its contents,it must be constantly refreshed by an electrical current.

个人计算机一般都带有8GB甚至更大的内存,具体的内存量视系统而定。

系统内存位于机器内部的集成电路芯片中,其容量以字节度量(一个字节也就是存储一个字符所占用的存储空间)。

系统内存可分为两类:只读存储器(ROM)及随机存储器(RAM)。ROM用以存储固定的程序和数据。计算机开机后,ROM中的程序负责对系统进行初始化。ROM中的信息是永久性的,即使计算机关机后也不会丢失。相比之下,RAM则是用于暂时存储计算机正在使用的程序和数据的。RAM位于叫作内存条(SIMM)的存储部件中。RAM是易失性的,也就是说,为了保持其中的内容,必须由电信号经常进行刷新。

Key words:gigabyte(吉字节),byte(字节),character(字符),ROM(只读存储器),RAM(随机存储器),initialize(初始化),turn on(开机),turn off(关机),SIMM(内存条),refresh(刷新)ValueRAM DDR3 1333台式机内存DIMM(Dual In-line Memory

常见的内存厂商:金士顿(Kingston)、威刚(ADATA)、海盗船(CORSAIR)、三星(Samsung)、宇瞻(Apacer)、芝奇(G.SKILL)、十铨(TEAM)、海力士(HYNIX)、英睿达(CRUCIAL)、金邦科技(GEIL)等。Notes

SIMM:Single In-line Memory Module,指72线的内存条,数据通道宽度为32位,带有奇偶校验的则为36位,通常使用DRAM;也有的SIMM使用SDRAM,其速度比DRAM类型的更快,但由于其数据宽度为64位,需成对使用。另外,目前多使用线的内存条,称为DIMM(Dual In-line Memory Module),其数据宽度是64位,一条DIMM内存条相当于两条SIMM,所以可单条使用。1.3.3 CPU(Central Processing Unit,中央处理器)

The CPU means the central processing unit. It is the heart of the computer system. The CPU in a microcomputer is actually one relatively small integrated circuit or chip. Although most CPU chips are smaller than a lens of a pair of glasses, the electronic components they contain would have filled a room a few decades ago. Using advanced microelectronics techniques,manufacturers can cram tens of thousands of circuits into tiny layered silicon chips that work dependably and use less power.

This is where all calculations and manipulations of the data are carried out: it could be considered the“brain” of the computer. The CPU is contained on a tiny integrated circuit or “microchip” that carries a large number of minute electronic circuits.

There are three main areas in the CPU: the control unit, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and the main storage of “memory”.

CPU就是中央处理器的意思。它是计算机的心脏。微型计算机上的CPU实际上是一个不大的集成电路芯片。虽然大多数CPU芯片比一块眼镜片还小,但在几十年前,它们所容纳的电子元器件能装满一个房间。然而,采用先进的微电子技术,制造者们能够把成千上万个电子元件集成到很小很薄的硅片上,这些硅片的工作性能可靠且不费电。

中央处理器是执行数据操作和运算的地方,它可以被看成计算机的大脑。中央处理器装在一个极小的集成电路或微集成电路里。这个微集成电路装有大量的极小的电子电路。

中央处理器有3个主要区域:控制部件、算术逻辑部件及主存储器。

Key words:integrated circuit(集成电路),control unit(控制单元),ALU(运算器)AMD is another CPU brand, which has become very important. Their Pentium-like chips offered Intel tight competition. AMD used their own technologies, hence they are not clones.

常见的CPU生产厂商:英特尔公司(Intel)、超微半导体公司(AMD)、龙芯(LOONGSON)。Notes

CPU:Central Processing Unit,中央处理器,在大型计算机上CPU是由主存储器、控制部件、算术逻辑部件等若干单元电路板构成的。在个人计算机上,CPU是集成于一块芯片上的,称作微处理器(microprocessor或processor)。通常,CPU和microprocessor或processor可以互换使用。CPU主要有两大部分:算术—逻辑部件(Arithmetic Logic Unit,ALU)负责算术及逻辑运算;控制部件(Control Unit)负责指令的存取、解码及执行。1.3.4 Video Adapter(视频适配器)

Video adapters are also called video cards,video boards, video display boards, graphics cards,and graphics adapters.

Video adapter is a board that plugs into a personal computer to give it display capabilities.The display capabilitiy of a computer, however,depends on both the logical circuitry (provided in the video adapter) and the display monitor. A monochrome monitor, for example, cannot display colors no matter how powerful the video adapter is.

Many different types of video adapters are available for PCs. Most conform to one of the video standards defined by IBM or VESA.

Modern video adapters contain memory, so that the computer’s RAM is not used for storing displays. In addition, most adapters have their own graphics coprocessor for performing graphics calculations. These adapters are often called graphics accelerators.

视频适配器又叫显卡、视频板、视频显示板、图形卡或图形适配器。

视频适配器是为个人计算机提供显示功能的一块插板。当然,计算机要有显示功能必须同时具备(视频适配器提供的)逻辑电路和显示器。例如,无论视频适配器功能多强大,一个黑白显示器终究还是不能显示彩色的图形。

许多不同类型的视频适配器都是与PC兼容的。绝大多数都遵循由IBM或VESA(视频电子标准协会)制定的视频标准。

现在的视频适配器都有自己的内存,因此计算机的内存就不用存储显示内容了。另外,许多适配器还有了自己的图形协处理器,用以执行图形计算,这些适配器通常被称为图形加速器。

Key words:video adapter(视频适配器),video card(显卡),graphics card(显卡),logical circuitry(逻辑电路),monochrome monitor(单色显示器),coprocessor(协处理器),graphics accelerator(图形加速器)

常见显卡品牌:七彩虹(Colorful)、蓝宝石(Sapphire)、影驰(GALAXY)、华硕(ASUS)、微星(msi)、技嘉(GIGABYTE)、铭瑄(MAXSUN)、迪兰(Dataland)、索泰(ZOTAC)、丽台(Leadtek)等。Video Card1.3.5 Hard Disk(硬盘)

The hard disk drive in your system is the “data center” of the PC. It is here that all of your programs and data are stored between the occasions that you use the computer. Your hard disk (or disks) are the most important ones of the various types of permanent storage used in PCs (the others being floppy disks and other storage media such as CD-ROMs, tapes,removable drives, etc.) The hard disk differs from the

others primarily in three ways: size (usually larger),speed (usually faster) and permanence (usually fixed in the PC and not removable).

A single hard disk usually consists of several platters. Each platter requires two read/write heads, one for each side. All the read/write heads are attached to a single access arm so that they cannot move

试读结束[说明:试读内容隐藏了图片]

下载完整电子书


相关推荐

最新文章


© 2020 txtepub下载