作者：陈家旭,Jane Frances Wilson
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国际标准化英文版中医教材：中医诊断学(英文版)试读：
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中医诊断学：英文／陈家旭，（英）简·弗朗西斯·威尔逊（Jane Frances Wilson）主编．—2版．—北京：人民卫生出版社，2019
国际标准化英文版中医教材
ISBN 978-7-117-28630-5
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Book Title: International Standard Library of Chinese Medicine: Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine (Second Edition)
国际标准化英文版中医教材：中医诊断学（第2版）
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This book is for educational and reference purposes only. In view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical science, the author, editor, publisher and any other party involved in the publication of this work do not guarantee that the information contained herein is in any respect accurate or complete. The medicinal therapies and treatment techniques presented in this book are provided for the purpose of reference only. If readers wish to attempt any of the techniques or utilize any of the medicinal therapies contained in this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for any such actions. It is the responsibility of the readers to understand and adhere to local laws and regulations concerning the practice of these techniques and methods. The authors, editors and publishers disclaim all responsibility for any liability, loss, injury, or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this book.
First published: 2019
ISBN: 978-7-117-28630-5
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Printed in The People's Republic of ChinaContributors (Listed alphabetically by name)
Chen Jia-xu (陈家旭), Ph.D. TCM
Professor and Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor, Head of National Key Discipline of Diagnostics of TCM, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Dean of School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Ding Jie (丁杰), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Kou Mei-jing (寇美静), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
Li Xiao-juan (李晓娟), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Ma Qing-yu (马庆宇), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Sun Li (孙立), Ph.D. TCM
Professor, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Tang Yi-ting (唐已婷), M.S. TCM
Associate Professor, The Open University of China, Beijing, China
Wang Li-min (王利敏), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Wang Shao-xian (王少贤), Ph.D. TCM
Professor, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
Xue Fei-fei (薛飞飞), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Xue Zhe (薛哲), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Zhao Xin (赵歆), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Zou Xiao-juan (邹小娟), B.S. TCM
Professor, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaTranslators (Listed alphabetically by name)
Chen Jia-xu (陈家旭), Ph.D. TCM
Professor and Chief Physician, Doctoral Supervisor, Head of National Key Discipline of Diagnostics of TCM, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Dean of School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Deng Li-juan (邓丽娟), Ph.D. TCM
Research Assistant, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Ding Jie (丁杰), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Guo Xiao-ling (郭晓玲), Ph.D. TCM
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Huang Jun-qing (黄俊卿), Ph.D. TCM
Research Assistant, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Jiang You-ming (姜幼明), Ph.D. TCM
Research Assistant, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Li Nan (李楠), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Li Xiao-juan (李晓娟), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Liu Yue-yun (刘玥芸), Ph.D. TCM
Research Assistant, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
Ou-yang Ming-zi (欧阳明子), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Qin Jia-jia (秦佳佳), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Xiao Ya (肖雅), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Xie Hui-jun (谢慧珺), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Yue Li-feng (岳利峰), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaEnglish Editors
Jane Frances Wilson, MSc, CAc, FHEA
Senior Lecturer of School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
Lara Deasy, Bsc (Hons) TCM
B.M. (Beijing) TCM, MRCHM, OMBAcC.About the AuthorsChen Jia-xu (陈家旭)
Prof. Chen Jia-xu, born in 1966, is native of Hubei, China. He is a professor, state approved doctoral supervisor, and director of the state-level subject of Chinese Medicine Diagnostics in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM). He is one of the well-known and highly respected practitioners and teachers with many years of professional experience. Dr. Chen has spent virtually his entire career at this prestigious university, where he has been teaching, conducting research, and practicing at the hospital since 1988.
Dr. Chen is a specialist in Chinese medicine, and a scholar in the diagnostics of Chinese medicine. In recent years, he has been concentrating his efforts on publishing books, academic papers and essays on the diagnostics of Chinese medicine. Dr. Chen brings over twenty years of experience to this book, his most recent work being the Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine. This book is a complete, easily available and highly illustrated guide to Chinese medicine diagnostics. Professor Chen has also received many awards in recent years.
In 2004 his Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine was awarded as the National Elaborate Course from the Ministry of Education of China, and then was supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists in 2008.
Dr. Chen is a distinguished professor of Changjiang Scholar, Ministry of Education, Dean of School of Chinese Medicine, Jinan University (JNU), Director of TCM Formula-pattern Research Center of JNU.Jane Frances Wilson
Jane Frances Wilson has been a senior lecturer at Westminster University since 1998 in The School of Life Sciences; Department of Chinese Medicine: Acupuncture. She was trained as a physiotherapist at The Royal London Hospital, and has been a member of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and the Health Professionals' Council since qualification, as well as an Advanced Member of the Acupuncture Association of Physiotherapy for many years.
Jane worked in the National Health Service from 1977-1987, qualified as a teacher in 1984 and was awarded a Diploma in Teaching Physiotherapy from The Middlesex Hospital in central London, later moving to teach biomedical subjects at the London School of Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Jane completed courses in Shiatsu and spent one year training at Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine: Acupuncture under Prof. Xiao, Prof. Zhou and many others. In 1995 she became a member of the British Acupuncture Council (BAcC) and completed a Master's degree in research methods from Kings College University of London.
In 1994 she started up her own practice, The Treatment Room, which since 1998 is situated in a creative media hub in Shoreditch, near the City of London, where she continues to have a vibrant private practice.Editorial Board for International Standard Library of Chinese stMedicine of the 1 edition
Executive Directors
Li Zhen-ji (李振吉)
Vice Chairman and Secretary-general, World Federation of Chinese Medical Societies, Beijing, China
Hu Guo-chen (胡国臣)
President and Editor-in-Chief, People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Directors
You Zhao-ling (尤昭玲)
Former President and Professor of Chinese Medical Gynecology, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha, China
Xie Jian-qun (谢建群)
President and Professor of Chinese Internal Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
General Coordinator
Liu Shui (刘水)
Director of International TCM Publications, People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Members（Listed alphabetically by last name）
Chang Zhang-fu (常章富)
Professor of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Chen Hong-feng (陈红风), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Chinese External Medicine, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Chen Jia-xu (陈家旭), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of TCM Diagnostics, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Chen Ming (陈明)
Professor of Shāng Hán Lùn, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Cui Hai (崔海), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor of TCM, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Deng Zhong-jia (邓中甲)
Professor of Chinese Medicinal Formulae, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
Ding Xiao-hong (丁晓红)
Associate Professor of Tui Na, International Education College, Nanjing University of CM, Nanjing, China
Doug Eisenstark, L.Ac
Professor of Chinese Medicine, Emperors College, Los Angeles, USA
Stephen X. Guo (郭鑫太), M.A. International Affairs
Director of Jande International, New York, USA
Han Chou-ping (韩丑平)
Associate Professor, International Education College, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
Hu Jun (胡俊), B.A. Medical English
Currently pursuing Master's of Science in Social History of Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
Hu Ke-xin (胡克信), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Keelung City Municipal Hospital, Taiwan, China
Hu Zhen (胡臻)
Professor and Head of Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
Huang Fei-li (黄霏莉)
Professor of Cosmetology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
Russell William James, M.S. TCM
IELTS Examiner & Marker, Beijing, China
Jia De-xian (贾德贤), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing
University of CM, Beijing, China
Jin Hong-zhu (金宏柱)
Professor of Acupuncture & Tui Na, Nanjing University of CM, Nanjing, China
Lao Li-xing (劳力行), Ph.D.
Professor of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA Past Co-President of the Society for Acupuncture Research
Hon K. Lee (李汉光), Dipl. OM, L.Ac.
Director of the Jow Ga Shaolin Institute, Herndon, Virginia, USA
Li Dao-fang (李道坊), Ph.D. TCM
President of Florida Acupuncture Association; Executive Board Director, National Federation of Chinese TCM Organizations, Kissimmee, USA
Mei Li (李梅), M.S. TOM, L.Ac.
Translator and Editor, People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Li Ming-dong (李名栋), Ph.D. OMD, L.Ac.
Professor of Chinese Internal Medicine, Yo San University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
Li Yun-ning (李云宁)
Qi Gong and TCM Translator, Beijing, China
Liang Li-na (梁丽娜), Ph.D. TCM
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Liu Zhan-wen (刘占文)
Professor of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Lü Ming (吕明)
Professor of Tui Na, Changchun University of CM, Changchun, China
Mark L. Mondot, B.A. Chinese Language, L.Ac.
Translator and Editor, People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China
Jane Lyttleton, Hons, M Phil, Dip TCM, Cert Ac.
Lecturer, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Julie Mulin Qiao-Wong (乔木林)
Professor of Chinese Medicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
Andy Rosenfarb, M.S. TOM, L.Ac.
Acupuncture Health Associates, New Jersey, USA
Paul F. Ryan, M.S. TCM, L.Ac.
Taihu Institute, Jiangsu, China
Martin Schweizer, Ph.D. Molecular Biology, L.Ac.
Emeritus Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, USA
Secondo Scarsella, MD, DDS
Visiting Professor of Tui Na, Nanjing University of CM, China Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
Sun Guang-ren (孙广仁)
Professor of TCM Fundamentals, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
Tsai Chun-hui, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
Tu Ya (图娅)
Professor of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Wang Shou-chuan (汪受传)
Professor of TCM Pediatrics, Nanjing University of CM, Nanjing, China
Wei Qi-ping (韦企平)
Professor of Ophthalmology, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Douglas Wile, Ph.D.
Former professor of History & Philosophy of Chinese Medicine and of Chinese Language at Pacific College of Oriental Medicine, New York; Professor of Chinese language at Alverno College, Milwaukee, USA
Jane Frances Wilson, M.S., L.Ac.
Senior Lecturer of School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
Xiao Ping (肖平)
Associate Professor, Hunan University of TCM, Changsha, China
Xu Shi-zu (徐士祖), M.A. Chinese Martial Arts
Chinese Traditional Sports and Health Cultivation Instructor, School of Physical Education in Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
Yan Dao-nan (严道南)
Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Nanjing University of CM, Nanjing, China
Ye Qiao-bo (叶俏波), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer of Chinese Medicinal Formulae, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
Zhang Ji (张吉)
Professor of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Zhang Ji (张季), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Chinese Materia Medica, Emperor's College of Oriental Medicine, Alhambra University, Dongguk University, Los Angeles, USA
Helen Q. Zhang (张齐), Ph.D. TCM, L.Ac.
Director of Qi TCM Clinic, New York, USA
Zhang Qing-rong (张庆荣)
Professor of TCM Fundamentals, Liaoning University of TCM, Shenyang, China
Zhao Bai-xiao (赵百孝), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dean, School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Zhao Xia (赵霞), Ph.D. TCM
Professor of TCM Pediatrics, Nanjing University of CM, Nanjing, China
Zhou Gang (周刚), Ph.D. TCM
Lecturer of Shāng Hán Lùn, Beijing University of CM, Beijing, China
Gregory Donald Zimmerman, M.S., L.Ac.
Lecturer, Southern California University of Health Sciences (formerly LACC), California, USA
Sponsored by
World Federation of Chinese Medical SocietiesPreface
Acting as a bridge connecting basic knowledge with clinical practice, the subject of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine is a requisite course set for students from all majors of Chinese medicine. However, it is known for being difficult to completely understand and fully grasp. Since the diagnostic methods involve both fundamental theory and clinical knowledge and experience of various departments, it is difficult for students to grasp their depth by having just captured the fundamental theories. Its vast knowledge is also difficult to grasp since it covers all fields of medical expertise, which are rarely connected to each other in biomedicine. Therefore, this book is arranged in a highly comprehensive way and includes numerous complete figures and tables. In general, the tables list diagnostic methods and principles and relate them to concrete signs and symptoms as well as different disease's syndrome differentiation. Their connection to the diagnostic system is also significantly emphasised. The content of this complex information was put into simple and straightforward vocabulary to increase the understanding and comprehension of the readers.
Designed for overseas students, the main contents of this book include: the four diagnostic methods in Chinese medicine, pattern differentiation according to the eight principles, pattern differentiation according to pathogenic factors, pattern differentiation according to qi, blood and body fluids, pattern differentiation according to zang-fu organs, and other types of pattern differentiation. In addition, the comprehensive application of the four diagnostic methods with pattern differentiation, case record writing, a training course for the four diagnostic methods, as well as a case study are involved, too. This book is written based on the national textbooks of Chinese medicine in China, and combined with the National Elaborate Course given by Professor Chen Jia-xu at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, to clearly explain the diagnostic principles in order to stimulate faster learning and deepen the understanding of the complicated concepts and principles. In order to facilitate teaching and studying, a DVD is attached which vividly presents various images of the inspection examination.
To continually increase the quality of this manual, I always welcome and greatly appreciate the opinions and corrections from the readers and experts of the field. I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to all who provided assistance and guidance in the compilation of this edition.Prof. Chen Jia-xu Ph.D. TCMBeijing University of CM2019Chapter 1 Introduction
Under the instruction of the basic theory of Chinese Medicine (CM), diagnosis in CM is a subject, which focuses on the basic theories, diagnostic methods, and identification of patterns. As a bridge between the basic theory of CM and all clinical practice, diagnosis in CM can be regarded as the central conceptual process in CM.
In order to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of illness and disease, the contents of diagnosis in CM include: examination; examining the pathological conditions of the disease; analysis by means of proper methods; determining the characteristics of clinical manifestations in various diseases and patterns; and the rules that relate to various stages of an illness.
During the long history of clinical practice, through the accumulation of copious clinical experiences in diagnosis by CM practitioners in various historical times, a characteristic, integrated diagnosis system was well formed in China. This diagnostic system includes the Four Diagnostic Methods – sì zhěn四诊(inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry, pulse reading and palpation), and the Identification of Patterns and Diseases. The specific diagnostic methods and the recognition of diagnosis in CM have not only created significant effects in clinical practice but also through their development have lead to certain influences on biomedicine.
1. The Main Contents of Chinese Medical Diagnosis
The four diagnostic methods, diagnosis of the disease, differentiation of the patterns, and case records can be classified as the main four parts of diagnosis in CM.
(1) Four diagnostic methods
These include inspection, listening (auscultation) and smelling (olfaction), inquiry(interrogation), pulse reading and palpation, which are the four procedures used in examining and collecting data about patients' health conditions (Fig. 1-1).
(2) Diagnosis of diseases
Aiming at determining the entity of the diseases, diagnosis of a disease can also be called differentiation of a disease. Since the name of the illness is the generalisation of the characteristics and patterns of a certain disease, diagnosis of a disease is the main content in the concepts of clinical medicine such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, paediatrics, etc.
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