作者：Herman Melville
出版社：Delphi Classics (Parts Edition)
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
Billy Budd, Sailor by Herman Melville - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)试读：
The Complete Works ofHERMAN MELVILLEVOLUME 11 OF 30Billy Budd, SailorParts EditionBy Delphi Classics, 2015Version 1COPYRIGHT‘Billy Budd, Sailor’Herman Melville: Parts Edition (in 30 parts)
First published in the United Kingdom in 2017 by Delphi Classics.
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ISBN: 978 1 78877 493 2
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www.delphiclassics.comHerman Melville: Parts Edition
This eBook is Part 11 of the Delphi Classics edition of Herman Melville in 30 Parts. It features the unabridged text of Billy Budd, Sailor from the bestselling edition of the author’s Complete Works. Having established their name as the leading publisher of classic literature and art, Delphi Classics produce publications that are individually crafted with superior formatting, while introducing many rare texts for the first time in digital print. Our Parts Editions feature original annotations and illustrations relating to the life and works of Herman Melville, as well as individual tables of contents, allowing you to navigate eBooks quickly and easily.
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HERMAN MELVILLE
IN 30 VOLUMESParts Edition Contents
The Novels
1, Typee
2, Omoo
3, Mardi
4, Redburn
5, White-Jacket
6, Moby-Dick
7, Pierre
8, Isle of the Cross
9, Israel Potter
10, The Confidence-Man
11, Billy Budd, Sailor
The Short Story Collections
12, The Piazza Tales
13, The Apple-Tree Table and Other Sketches
14, Billy Budd and Other Prose Pieces
The Poetry Collections
15, Battle Pieces and Aspects of the War
16, Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land
17, John Marr and Other Sailors
18, Timoleon and Other Ventures
19, Weeds and Wildings, with a Rose or Two
20, Uncollected Poems
The Essays
21, Fragments from a Writing Desk
22, Etchings of a Whaling Cruise Review
23, Authentic Anecdotes of ‘Old Zack’
24, Mr Parkman’s Tour
25, Cooper’s New Novel
26, A Thought on Book-Binding
27, Hawthorne and His Mosses
The Letters
28, Some Personal Letters of Herman Melville by Meade Minnigerode
The Criticism
29, The Criticism
The Biography
30, Herman Melville: Man, Mariner and Mystic by Raymond Weaver
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Billy Budd, SailorA tale of good and evil, this novella was published posthumously in 1924. Melville began working on the manuscript in November 1888 and it was left incomplete at the time of his death in 1891. The novella was only discovered among Melville’s papers by his first biographer, Raymond Weaver in 1919. Its editorial history is somewhat complicated, caused by poor transcription and misinterpretation of the notes which covered Melville’s manuscript. The first American edition, edited by Raymond Weaver was published as Volume XIII of the Standard Edition of Melville’s Complete Works (London: Constable and Company) appeared in 1924 and a second edition followed in 1928 which was not markedly different from the first one despite a number of variations. An edition entitled Melville’s Billy Buddy was published by Cambridge: Harvard University Press in 1948 which was edited by F. Barron Freeman and was closer to what Melville actually wrote but was still dependent on Weaver’s text. Not until 1962 when the University of Chicago Press published a version edited by Harrison Hayford and Merton M. Sealts Jr. was it considered to be the definitive text and this has been used as the source of subsequent editions. Even the title was subject to change. In early versions it was known as Billy Budd, Foretopman and later as Billy Budd (An Inside Narrative) but Melville had indicated he wished it to be known as Billy Budd, Sailor: (An Inside Narrative) which is what it became.Based on Melville’s own experiences as a sailor, and as he explained in his dedicatory page his former sea companion Jack Chase, who was ruggedly good looking and an ideal model for Billy, perhaps the key to his narrative may well have been the scandal that arose in 1842 after an abortive mutiny aboard the U. S. Somer. This event led to a seaborne trial, resulting in the deaths of three of the crew, who were found guilty. What made the incident notorious was that one of those who died was the son of the Secretary of War, John Spencer.Billy Budd is a tragic, haunting, morality tale of a young, handsome, innocent sailor, Billy Budd who is pressed into the British navy where he is admired for his skills as a foretop man and is respected and loved by his fellow crew and the officers. That is except for the ship’s Master-at-arms, John Claggart, who falsely accuses him of mutiny. Billy unintentionally kills Claggart and after presenting Captain Vere, who loves Billy as a son, with a difficult moral and legal dilemma, he is tried, found guilty and sentenced to death. Military justice is upheld even though the officers and men know that Billy is innocent. The final three chapters add to the confusion created by the unfinished manuscript, full of corrections, annotations, and cancellations which reflect Melville’s self proclaimed difficulties in writing his novels and his wife’s attempt after his death to ‘correct’ his papers with the intention of carrying out what she thought were his wishes.Since it was published in 1924, Billy Budd, Sailor (The Inside Narrative) has been the subject of critical controversy and re-evaluations and is now considered by many to be a masterpiece. It has been the subject of a number of films and Benjamin Britten, a major 20th century English composer, produced an operatic version in 1951, which was well received. Opening leaf manuscript CONTENTSChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapter 15Chapter 16Chapter 17Chapter 18Chapter 19Chapter 20Chapter 21Chapter 22Chapter 23Chapter 24Chapter 25Chapter 26Chapter 27Chapter 28Chapter 29Chapter 30 The 1962 film adaptationBILLY BUDD, SAILORChapter 1In the time before steamships, or then more frequently than now, a stroller along the docks of any considerable sea-port would occasionally have his attention arrested by a group of bronzed mariners, man-of-war’s men or merchant-sailors in holiday attire ashore on liberty. In certain instances they would flank, or, like a body-guard quite surround some superior figure of their own class, moving along with them like Aldebaran among the lesser lights of his constellation. That signal object was the “Handsome Sailor” of the less prosaic time alike of the military and merchant navies. With no perceptible trace of the vainglorious about him, rather with the off-hand unaffectedness of natural regality, he seemed to accept the spontaneous homage of his shipmates.A somewhat remarkable instance recurs to me. In Liverpool, now half a century ago, I saw under the shadow of the great dingy street-wall of Prince’s Dock (an obstruction long since removed) a common sailor, so intensely black that he must needs have been a native African of the unadulterate blood of Ham. A symmetric figure much above the average height. The two ends of a gay silk handkerchief thrown loose about the neck danced upon the displayed ebony of his chest; in his ears were big hoops of gold, and a Scotch Highland bonnet with a tartan band set off his shapely head. It was a hot noon in July; and his face, lustrous with perspiration, beamed with barbaric good humor. In jovial sallies right and left, his white teeth flashing into he rollicked along, the centre of a company of his shipmates. These were made up of such an assortment of tribes and complexions as would have well fitted them to be marched up by Anacharsis Cloots before the bar of the first French Assembly as Representatives of the Human Race. At each spontaneous tribute rendered by the wayfarers to this black pagod of a fellow--the tribute of a pause and stare, and less frequent an exclamation,--the motley retinue showed that they took that sort of pride in the evoker of it which the Assyrian priests doubtless showed for their grand sculptured Bull when the faithful prostrated themselves.To return. If in some cases a bit of a nautical Murat in setting forth his person ashore, the Handsome Sailor of the period in question evinced nothing of the dandified Billy-be-Damn, an amusing character all but extinct now, but occasionally to be encountered, and in a form yet more amusing than the original, at the tiller of the boats on the tempestuous Erie Canal or, more likely, vaporing in the groggeries along the tow-path. Invariably a proficient in his perilous calling, he was also more or less of a mighty boxer or wrestler. It was strength and beauty. Tales of his prowess were recited. Ashore he was the champion; afloat the spokesman; on every suitable occasion always foremost. Close-reefing top-sails in a gale, there he was, astride the weather yard-arm-end, foot in the Flemish horse as “stirrup,” both hands tugging at the “earring” as at a bridle, in very much the attitude of young Alexander curbing the fiery Bucephalus. A superb figure, tossed up as by the horns of Taurus against the thunderous sky, cheerily hallooing to the strenuous file along the spar.The moral nature was seldom out of keeping with the physical make. Indeed, except as toned by the former, the comeliness and power, always attractive in masculine conjunction, hardly could have drawn the sort of honest homage the Handsome Sailor in some examples received from his less gifted associates.Such a cynosure, at least in aspect, and something such too in nature, though with important variations made apparent as the story proceeds, was welkin-eyed Billy Budd, or Baby Budd, as more familiarly under circumstances hereafter to be given he at last came to be called, aged twenty-one, a foretopman of the British fleet toward the close of the last decade of the eighteenth century. It was not very long prior to the time of the narration that follows that he had entered the King’s Service, having been impressed on the Narrow Seas from a homeward-bound English merchantman into a seventy-four outward-bound, H.M.S. Indomitable; which ship, as was not unusual in those hurried days, having been obliged to put to sea short of her proper complement of men. Plump upon Billy at first sight in the gangway the boarding officer Lieutenant Ratcliff pounced, even before the merchantman’s crew was formally mustered on the quarter-deck for his deliberate inspection. And him only he elected. For whether it was because the other men when ranged before him showed to ill advantage after Billy, or whether he had some scruples in view of the merchantman being rather short-handed, however it might be, the officer contented himself with his first spontaneous choice. To the surprise of the ship’s company, though much to the Lieutenant’s satisfaction, Billy made no demur. But, indeed, any demur would have been as idle as the protest of a goldfinch popped into a cage.Noting this uncomplaining acquiescence, all but cheerful one might say, the shipmates turned a surprised glance of silent reproach at the sailor. The Shipmaster was one of those worthy mortals found in every vocation, even the humbler ones--the sort of person whom everybody agrees in calling “a respectable man.” And--nor so strange to report as it may appear to be--though a ploughman of the troubled waters, life-long contending with the intractable elements, there was nothing this honest soul at heart loved better than simple peace and quiet. For the rest, he was fifty or thereabouts, a little inclined to corpulence, a prepossessing face, unwhiskered, and of an agreeable color--a rather full face, humanely intelligent in expression. On a fair day with a fair wind and all going well, a certain musical chime in his voice seemed to be the veritable unobstructed outcome of the innermost man. He had much prudence, much conscientiousness, and there were occasions when these virtues were the cause of overmuch disquietude in him. On a passage, so long as his craft was in any proximity to land, no sleep for Captain Graveling. He took to heart those serious responsibilities not so heavily borne by some shipmasters.Now while Billy Budd was down in the forecastle getting his kit together, the Indomitable’s Lieutenant, burly and bluff, nowise disconcerted by Captain Graveling’s omitting to proffer the customary hospitalities on an occasion so unwelcome to him, an omission simply caused by preoccupation of thought, unceremoniously invited himself into the cabin, and also to a flask from the spirit-locker, a receptacle which his experienced eye instantly discovered. In fact he was one of those sea-dogs in whom all the hardship and peril of naval life in the great prolonged wars of his time never impaired the natural instinct for sensuous enjoyment. His duty he always faithfully did; but duty is sometimes a dry obligation, and he was for irrigating its aridity, whensoever possible, with a fertilizing decoction of strong waters. For the cabin’s proprietor there was nothing left but to play the part of the enforced host with whatever grace and alacrity were practicable. As necessary adjuncts to the flask, he silently placed tumbler and water-jug before the irrepressible guest. But excusing himself from partaking just then, he dismally watched the unembarrassed officer deliberately diluting his grog a little, then tossing it off in three swallows, pushing the empty tumbler away, yet not so far as to be beyond easy reach, at the same time settling himself in his seat and smacking his lips with high satisfaction, looking straight at the host.These proceedings over, the Master broke the silence; and there lurked a rueful reproach in the tone of his voice: “Lieutenant, you are going to take my best man from me, the jewel of ‘em.”“Yes, I know,” rejoined the other, immediately drawing back the tumbler preliminary to a replenishing; “Yes, I know. Sorry.”“Beg pardon, but you don’t understand, Lieutenant. See here now. Before I shipped that young fellow, my forecastle was a rat-pit of quarrels. It was black times, I tell you, aboard the Rights here. I was worried to that degree my pipe had no comfort for me. But Billy came; and it was like a Catholic priest striking peace in an Irish shindy. Not that he preached to them or said or did anything in particular; but a virtue went out of him, sugaring the sour ones. They took to him like hornets to treacle; all but the buffer of the gang, the big shaggy chap with the fire-red whiskers. He indeed out of envy, perhaps, of the newcomer, and thinking such a ‘sweet and pleasant fellow,’ as he mockingly designated him to the others, could hardly have the spirit of a game-cock, must needs bestir himself in trying to get up an ugly row with him. Billy forebore with him and reasoned with him in a pleasant way--he is something like myself, Lieutenant, to whom aught like a quarrel is hateful--but nothing served. So, in the second dog-watch one day the Red Whiskers in presence of the others, under pretence of showing Billy just whence a sirloin steak was cut--for the fellow had once been a butcher--insultingly gave him a dig under the ribs. Quick as lightning Billy let fly his arm. I dare say he never meant to do quite as much as he did, but anyhow he gave the burly fool a terrible drubbing. It took about half a minute, I should think. And, lord bless you, the lubber was astonished at the celerity. And will you believe it, Lieutenant, the Red Whiskers now really loves Billy--loves him, or is the biggest hypocrite that ever I heard of. But they all love him. Some of ’em do his washing, darn his old trousers for him; the carpenter is at odd times making a pretty little chest of drawers for him. Anybody will do anything for Billy Budd; and it’s the happy family here. But now, Lieutenant, if that young fellow goes--I know how it will be aboard the Rights. Not again very soon shall I, coming up from dinner, lean over the capstan smoking a quiet pipe--no, not very soon again, I think. Ay, Lieutenant, you are going to take away the jewel of ‘em; you are going to take away my peacemaker!” And with that the good soul had really some ado in checking a rising sob.“Well,” said the officer who had listened with amused interest to all this, and now waxing merry with his tipple; “Well, blessed are the peacemakers, especially the fighting peacemakers! And such are the seventy--four beauties some of which you see poking their noses out of the port-holes of yonder war-ship lying-to for me,” pointing thro’ the cabin window at the Indomitable. “But courage! don’t look so downhearted, man. Why, I pledge you in advance the royal approbation. Rest assured that His Majesty will be delighted to know that in a time when his hard tack is not sought for by sailors with such avidity as should be; a time also when some shipmasters privily resent the borrowing from them a tar or two for the service; His Majesty, I say, will be delighted to learn that one shipmaster at least cheerfully surrenders to the King, the flower of his flock, a sailor who with equal loyalty makes no dissent.--But where’s my beauty? Ah,” looking through the cabin’s open door, “Here he comes; and, by Jove--lugging along his chest--Apollo with his portmanteau!--My man,” stepping out to him, “you can’t take that big box aboard a war-ship. The boxes there are mostly shot-boxes. Put your duds in a bag, lad. Boot and saddle for the cavalryman, bag and hammock for the man-of-war’s man.”The transfer from chest to bag was made. And, after seeing his man into the cutter and then following him down, the Lieutenant pushed off from the Rights-of-Man. That was the merchant-ship’s name; tho’ by her master and crew abbreviated in sailor fashion into The Rights. The hard-headed Dundee owner was a staunch admirer of Thomas Paine whose book in rejoinder to Burke’s arraignment of the French Revolution had then been published for some time and had gone everywhere. In christening his vessel after the title of Paine’s volume, the man of Dundee was something like his contemporary shipowner, Stephen Girard of Philadelphia, whose sympathies, alike with his native land and its liberal philosophers, he evinced by naming his ships after Voltaire, Diderot, and so forth.But now, when the boat swept under the merchantman’s stern, and officer and oarsmen were noting--some bitterly and others with a grin,--the name emblazoned there; just then it was that the new recruit jumped up from the bow where the coxswain had directed him to sit, and waving his hat to his silent shipmates sorrowfully looking over at him from the taffrail, bade the lads a genial good-bye. Then, making a salutation as to the ship herself, “And good-bye to you too, old Rights-of-Man.”“Down, Sir!” roared the Lieutenant, instantly assuming all the rigour of his rank, though with difficulty repressing a smile.To be sure, Billy’s action was a terrible breach of naval decorum. But in that decorum he had never been instructed; in consideration of which the Lieutenant would hardly have been so energetic in reproof but for the concluding farewell to the ship. This he rather took as meant to convey a covert sally on the new recruit’s part, a sly slur at impressment in general, and that of himself in especial. And yet, more likely, if satire it was in effect, it was hardly so by intention, for Billy, tho’ happily endowed with the gayety of high health, youth, and a free heart, was yet by no means of a satirical turn. The will to it and the sinister dexterity were alike wanting. To deal in double meanings and insinuations of any sort was quite foreign to his nature.As to his enforced enlistment, that he seemed to take pretty much as he was wont to take any vicissitude of weather. Like the animals, though no philosopher, he was, without knowing it, practically a fatalist. And, it may be, that he rather liked this
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