作者：圣才电子书
出版社：圣才电子书
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2019年英语专业八级历年真题及详解试读：
2003年英语专业八级真题及详解[听力音频]
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2003)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 215 MINPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN]
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.
SECTION A TALK
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the talk.
1. Which of the following statements about offices is NOT true according to the talk?
A. Offices throughout the world are basically alike.
B. There are primarily two kinds of office layout.
C. Office surroundings used to depend on company size.
D. Office atmosphere influences workers’ performance.
2. We can infer from the talk that harmonious work relations may have a direct impact on your _____.
A. promotion.
B. colleagues.
C. management.
D. union.
3. Supposing you were working in a small firm, which of the following would you do when you had some grievances?
A. Request a formal special meeting with the boss.
B. Draft a formal agenda for a special meeting.
C. Contact a consultative committee first.
D. Ask to see the boss for a talk immediately.
4. According to the talk, the union plays the following roles EXCEPT _____.
A. mediation
B. arbitration
C. negotiation.
D. representation
5. Which topic is NOT covered in the talk?
A. Role of the union
B. Work relations
C. Company structure
D. Office layout【答案与解析】
1. B 细节题。录音中提到的“the physical surroundings of most modern companies, especially offices are becoming more and more similar（大多数现代公司的布局，尤其是办公室的布局变得越来越相似了。）”，由此可知A项叙述是正确的。由“the feature...may be dependent on the size of the company”和“modern companies pay special attention to the physical surrounding, in order to create...higher working efficiency”可以排除C、D项。录音中没有提到“办公室的布局主要有两种”这一观点，所以答案为B项。
2. A 细节题。录音中谈到“particularly as the management’s assessment of how are you performing can be crucial to your future career”（管理层对你工作表现的评估对你未来的事业很重要），由此可见和谐的工作关系会对你promotion（提升、晋级）产生直接的影响，故选A项。
3. D 细节题。录音中提到“In small businesses, ...Anything that needs to be sorted out will be done face to face as soon as the problem arises”，由此可知，在小公司里有问题可以尽快与老板直接面谈。故答案为D项。
4. B 细节题。录音中讲到“When this is not possible, the sides can go to arbitration and bring in a third party from outside to say what they think should happen.”（当工会与公司自身不能调节问题时，就会请第三方进行仲裁），所以工会不具备仲裁的职能，答案为B项。
5. C 推理题。由录音内容可知，其内容涉及到了work relations（工作关系）、role of the union（工会角色）和office layout（办公室设置），而并没有涉及到company structure（公司结构）。【录音原文】
When we talk about a modern company, we usually have managers, employees, products, research and development or marketing in mind. However, in reality, a company is not just made up of these elements. There are other things that make a company what it is. This morning, we are going to look at some other aspects of a [1]company. Let’s first take a look at the offices. The physical surroundings of most modern companies, especially offices are becoming more and more similar. Although there are some differences from country to country, one office looks much like another. Office furniture and equipment tends to be similar, desks, chairs, filing cabinets, computers, etc. “What is important about offices?” you may ask, “What the atmosphere of the work place can often influence the effectiveness of a company’s employees?” Modern offices are more spacious and better laid, heated, ventilated and air-conditioned than in [1]the past. But of course, this is the feature that varies from firm to firm, and may be dependent on the size of the company and its cooperate philosophy. In some companies, the employees work in large, open-plan offices without walls between the departments; in others, the staff members work more privately in individual offices. No [1]matter what the office’s law is like, modern companies pay special attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency. Another related point when talking about offices is the work relations with other people at the place of work. They include relationships with fellow employees, workers or colleagues. A great part of work or job satisfaction, some people say the major portion, comes from getting on with others at work. Work relations were also included those between management and employees. These relations are not always straightforward, [2]particularly as the management’s assessment of how your performing can be crucial to your future career.
Now I’d like to say a bit more about the relations between management and employees. There will also be matters about which [3]employees will want to talk to the management. In small businesses, the boss will probably work alongside his or her workers. Anything that needs to be sorted out will be done face to face as soon as the problem arises. There will be no formal meetings for procedures. But the larger the business, the less direct contact there will be between employees and management. Special meetings have to be held and procedures set up to say when, where, how and what circumstances the employees can talk to the management. Some companies have specially organized consultative committees for this purpose. In many countries of the world today, particularly in large firms, employees join a trade union and ask the union to represent them to the management. Through the union all categories of employees can pass on the complaints they have and try to get things changed. The process, through which unions negotiate with management on behalf of their members is called, collective bargaining. Instead of each employee trying to bargain alone with the company, the employees join together and collectively put forward their views. Occasionally a firm will refuse to recognize the right of a union to negotiate for its members, and its dispute over union recognition will arise. Whether there is an agreement, bargaining or negotiation will take place. A compromise [4]agreement may be reached. When this is not possible, the sides can go to arbitration and bring in a third party from outside to say what they think should happen.
However, sometimes one of the sides decides to take industrial action. The management can lock out the employees and prevent them from coming to work. This used to be quite common, but it’s rarely used today. The main courses of action open to a trade union are strike, a ban on working overtime, “working to rule”, that is when employees work according to the company rule book, “go slows”, which means that employees may spend more time doing the same job, and “picketing”, which means the employees stand outside the entrance to the business location, hoarding outside to show that they are in conflict with the management. Every country has its own tradition of industrial relations, so it’s difficult to generalize. In some businesses, unions are not welcomed by the management, but it others, the unions play an important role both in the everyday working relations of individual companies, and also in the social and political life of the country.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about David’s personal background?
A. He had excellent academic records at school and university.
B. He was once on a PHD programme at Yale University.
C. He received professional training in acting.
D. He came from a single-parent family.
7. David is inclined to believe in _____.
A. aliens
B. UFOs.
C. the TV character.
D. government conspiracies.
8. David thinks he is fit for the TV role because of his _____.
A. professional training.
B. personality.
C. life experience.
D. appearance
9. From the interview, we know that at present David feels _____.
A. a sense of frustration.
B. haunted by the unknown things
C. confident but moody
D. successful yet unsatisfied.
10. How does David feel about the divorce of his parents?
A. He feels a sense of anger.
B. He has a sense of sadness.
C. It helped him grow up.
D. It left no effect on him.【答案与解析】
6. C 细节题。在访谈中主持人提到“...took a few acting classes”，可见David只是上了几次表演课，并没有接受过专业的表演培训，所以C项的说法是错误的。
7. A 细节题。在对话中，David对“So you could believe in aliens?”的回答是“oh, yeah.”可见，David倾向于相信aliens。故答案为A项。
8. B 推理题。由对话中可知，David在《X档案》中所扮演的角色的性格是“dark and moody”，而他本人在现实生活中也是这样的。由此可见，David认为他本人适合电视角色是由于他的性格（personality）的原因。
9. D 细节题。在访谈中David对主持人“Where are you now? Are you haunted and driven, failed or successful, which?”的回答是“Yeah, both.”由此可知，David对现状既有成功之感，同时也有不满意之处。故D项为正确答案。
10. C 细节题。David就父母离婚一事说“...wherever you are hurt, that’s where you’ll become stronger”（你受到伤害的地方，也是你变得坚强的地方）。由此可见，David认为父母的离异促进了他的成长，答案为C项。【录音原文】
If you are going to create a TV show that plays week after week, it needs an actor who can play a believer, you know, a person who tends to believe everything. Tonight in our show we have David Duchovney, who has starred in the popular TV series, “The X-Files”. Thanks to his brilliant performance in the TV series, David has become one of best-known figures in the country.
W: Good evening, David, I’m so glad to have you here.
M: It’s my pleasure. Thank you for inviting me on the show.
W: David, have you often been on the radio shows?
M: Oh, yes, quite often. To be frank, I love to be on the show.
W: Why?
M: You know, I want to know what people think about the TV series and about me, my acting, etc.
W: OK, David, let’s first talk about the character you played in ‘The X-Files’. The character, whose name is Mulder is supposed to be a believer. He deals with those unbelievable, wild and often disastrous events. He must be, I mean, Mulder, someone who really believes in the things he meets in order to keep on probing into those mysteries.
M: That’s true. Remember those words said by Mulder: What is so hard to believe? Whose intensity makes even a most skeptical viewer believe the paranormal and our rigorous government conspiracies, without every reason to believe that life in the persistent survey is driving us out of our territorial sphere, etc., etc.?
W: I believe, I guess, David, your contribution to the hot series is quite apparent. Now let’s talk about your personal experience. From what I have read, I know that starting from your childhood, you were always a smart boy, went to the best private school, and were accepted at most of the Ivy League colleges. Not bad for a low middle class kid from a broken family on New York’s Lower Eastside. It’s even more surprising when you, who were on your way to a doctorate at [6]Yale to take a few acting classes and got beaten by the book.
M: You bet. My mother was really surprised when I decided to give up all that in order to become an actor.
W: Sure. But talking about Mulder, the believer in ‘The X. Files’, what about you, David? Do you believe at all in real life, the aliens, people from outer space, you know, UFOs, government conspiracies, all the things that the TV series deal with?
M: Well, government conspiracies, I think, are a little far fetched. Because I mean, it’s very hard for me to keep a secret with a friend of mine. And you can tell me that the entire government is going to come together and hide the aliens from us? I find that hard to believe. In terms of aliens, I think that they are real. They must be.[7]
W: So you could believe in aliens?
M: Oh, yeah.[8]
W: The character you played in ‘The X-Files’, Fox Mulder, is so dark and moody. Are you dark and moody in life?
M: I think so. I think what they wanted was somebody who could be this hearted, driven person, but not behave that way and therefore be hearted and driven but also appear to be normal and not crazy at the same time. And I think that I could, I can, I can afford that.
W: What haunts you now? What drives you now?
M: What drives me is failure and success and all those things, so ...[9]
W: Where are you now? Are you haunted and driven, failed or successful, which?
M: Yeah, both.
W: All of the above?
M: I always feel like a failure.
W: Do you mean now you feel like a failure?
M: Yeah, I mean, sometimes you know, like I come back to New York, so its like, everything is different. So I lie on bed and think, two [9]years ago, three years ago, very different. Maybe I’m doing well, but then I think, you know there are just so many other things that I want to do and ...
W: Your father and mother divorced when you were eleven. Does that have effect on your life today that you recognize?
M: Well, yeah, I think that the only way to think of it is that, you [10]know, people are saying ‘your wound is your goal’, you know, ‘wherever you’re hurt, that’s where you’ll become stronger.’ So, that’s what, that’s what it’s really about ...
W: OK. It’s time for short break. We’ll be back in a minute. David Duchovney in ‘The X·Files’, don’t go away.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
11. What is the main idea of the news item?
A. US concern over th6 forthcoming peace talks.
B. Peace efforts by the Palestinian Authority.
C. Recommendations by the Mitchell Commission.
D. Bomb attacks aimed at Israeli civilians.【答案】A【解析】理解归纳题。根据新闻的第二句话“The administration officials are openly worried the violence..., could undermine what they see as a positive opening...”以及新闻中多次提到相关人员担心巴以和平进程，所以本则新闻的主题应该是A项。【录音原文】
The Bush administration is warning that continuing mid-east violence threatens to overwhelm US efforts to revise Israeli-Palestinian Peace talks, using the recommendations of the Mitchell commission to [11]bring the two sides together. The administration officials are openly worried the violence and particularly the car bomb attack injured Israeli civilians could undermine what they see as a positive opening towards renewed peace talks presented by the Mitchell report. The US appeal came in the week of the bomb blast Wednesday in Israeli coastal town of Netanya that injured several Israelis. Responsibility for the bombing was claimed by the Palestinian group, Islamic Jihad. At the state department, spokesman, Phillip Reeker said there can be no justification for terrorism and targeting its civilians, and he urged the Palestinian authority to do all they can to put an end to such incidents which is said to threaten to overtake the latest peace efforts.
Question 12 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
12. Some voters will waste their ballots because _____.
A. they like neither candidate.
B. they are all ill-informed.
C. the candidates do not differ much
D. they do not want to vote twice.【答案】A【解析】细节题。从新闻中提到的“...plan to spoil or leave their ballots blank to show their dissatisfaction with both candidates”可看出有些选民对两个候选人都不满意，所以对他们来说，只是在浪费他们的选票。【录音原文】
Voters in Peru head to the post today to cast their ballots in a run off presidential election that many hope will mark the end of the nation’s political crisis. Opinion polls last week show the modern candidate Arhumdred Toledo with a narrow lead over a left-leaning former President Ellen Gaceya. Both candidates have campaigned on similar populous platforms. Meanwhile pre-election Service indicates that up [12]to 25% of voters in Peru plan to spoil or leave their ballots blank to show their dissatisfaction with both candidates.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer each of the questions.
Now listen to the news.
13. According to the UN Human Development Report, which is the best place for women in the world?
A. Canada.
B. The US.
C. Australia.
D. Scandinavia.
14. _____ is in the 12th place in overall ranking.
A. Britain
B. France
C. Finland
D. Switzerland
15. According to the UN report, the least developed country is _____.
A. Ethiopia.
B. Mali.
C. Sierra Leon.
D. Central African Republic.【答案与解析】
13. D 细节题。新闻的第二句讲到“But if you are a woman, you are better off in Scandinavia since the UN Human Development (2000) released yesterday”由此可见，根据联合国人类发展报告，妇女在Scandinavia的地位最高。答案为D项。
14. B 细节题。新闻中提到“Finland is the eleventh place followed by France...”（芬兰位居第十一位，法国紧随其后），所以位居第十二位的是法国。
15. C 细节退。新闻最后一句提到“...from the bottom up war-deviated, Sierra Leone”，由此可知，Sierra Leon是最不发达的。【录音原文】
Canada for the seventh consecutive year ranks the best place to [13]live in the world. But if you are a woman, you are better off in Scandinavia, says the UN Human Development Report (2000) released yesterday. Norway is in second place you know for ranking followed by the United States, Australia, Iceland, Sweden, Belgium, [14]the Netherlands Japan and Britain. Finland is in eleventh place followed by France, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Austria, [15]Luxembourg, Ireland, Italy and New Zealand. At the other end of the scale, the ten least developed countries that provide the fewest service to their people, from the bottom up, a war-devastated Sierra Leone, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Brandi, Guinean Bissau, Mozambique, Chad, Central African Republic and Mali.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance.
Philological needs: the most (1) _____ ones for survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.
(2) _____ needs: needs for:
a) physical security;
b) (3) _____ security.
The former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4) _____, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met through a variety of means, e. g. job security, (5) _____ plans, and safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for:
a) love and affection;
b) a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs:
a) formation of relationships at workplace;
b).formation of relationships outside workplace.
Esteem needs:
a) self-esteem, i. e. one’s sense of achievement;
b) esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result of one’s (6) _____. These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honours, etc.
Self-realization needs: need to realize one’s potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually (7) _____.
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively (8) _____ need.
b) Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.
c) (9) _____ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level,
d) Different levels of needs may (10) _____ when they come into play.【答案与解析】
(1) basic/ fundamental
(细节题。讲座主要论述的是马斯洛的需求层级理论，分别是生理需求（physiological needs），安全需求（safety needs），社交需求（social needs），尊重需求（esteem needs），自我实现需求（self-realization needs）。本题针对生理需求设题。在谈到生理需求时，录音中说“In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs”，由此可知，此处应填写basic，其他同义词也可。)
(2) Safety
(细节题。本题针对第二个层次的需求设题。当录音中说到“Then what is the next level of needs?”我们就应集中注意力听下文，“At the next level are safety needs...”由此可知，此处应填写Safety。)
(3) emotional
(细节题。紧接上题，录音解释了安全需求所包含的内容生理和情感上的安全，故此处应填入emotional。)
(4) worries
(推断题。作者分别对情感安全和生理安全做了具体说明，前者是“We have worries—what if we lose my job, what if I were struck down by a severe disease.”由此可推断情感需求关注人们远离焦虑、不幸等。故此处可填入worries，其他表达相同意义的词语也可。)
(5) pension
(细节题。在谈到解决安全需求的方法时，录音中说到“...safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plan and safe working conditions.”故此处应填写pension。)
(6) work/activities
(细节题。在谈到尊重需求时，录音中说“The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, by or through our work or our activities in other social group”故此处应填写work或activities。)
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]