作者：Adams, Samuel
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The Writings of Samuel Adams - Volume 4试读：
VOLUME IV.
1778-1802
THE WRITINGS
OF
SAMUEL ADAMS
COLLECTED AND EDITED
BY
HARRY ALONZO CUSHING
VOLUME IV
1778-1802
CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV
1778.
To Richard Henry Lee, January 1st
Military Affairs—European Politics—Articles of Confederation—Army Supplies.
To ————, January l0th
New Haven Conference—Legislation on Trade—Baron Steuben.
To Archibald Campbell, January 14th
Exchange of Prisoners.
To Horatio Gates, January 14th
Introducing Baron Steuben—Captain Olivier.
Vote of Town of Boston, January 21st
Articles of Confederation.
To John Burgoyne, February 6th
Declining a Conference.
To Daniel Roberdeau, February 9th
The Work of Congress.
To Arthur Lee, March 12th
Complaints of French Volunteers.
To Jonathan Trumbull, March 19th
Defence of Hudson River.
To James Lovell, March 27th
Postal Service—Military Academy—Exchange of Prisoners—Case of John Amory.
To Francis Lightfoot Lee
Illness—Conditions in Boston—Military Affairs.
To Richard Henry Lee, April 20th
Action of France—Attitude of England, iii
To Mrs. Adams, May 5th
Journey from Boston.
To the Earl of Carlisle and others
Address of "An American."
To Baron Steuben, June 3rd
Action of Congress.
To John Adams, June 21st
The English Commissioners—Arrivals from France—Arthur Lee.
To Mrs. Adams, July 9th
Signing of Articles of Confederation.
To James Warren, July
Cases of Manley and McNeil—Appointment of Naval Officers.
To James Warren, July
Office-holders—The British Commissioners—Arrival of French Squadron.
To Samuel Phillips Savage, August 11th .
Return of Hancock.
To Peter Thacher, August 11th .
The British Commissioners—Activity of Quakers.
To James Warren, September 1st
Cases of Manley and McNeil—Personal Critics—The Rhode Island Expedition.
To James Bowdoin, September 3rd
Conduct of John Temple.
To Hannah Adams, September 8th
Illness of Wife.
To John Bradford, September 8th
Conduct of McNeil.
To James Warren, September 12th
Case and Conduct of Manley—The Rhode Island Expedition.
To Samuel Phillips Savage, September 14th
The Rhode Island Expedition—Activity of Tories.
To ——, September 21st
Appointment of Auctioneers—Attitude of Manley—Public Criticism of FrenchAdmiral.
To Mrs. Adams, September 28th
Death of Friends—Family Affairs.
To William Cooper, September 3Oth
Assistance in Exchange of Son.
To Samuel Phillips Savage, October 6th
Extravagance in Boston.
To James Warren, October nth
Conduct of Arthur Lee—Opinion of Silas Deane—Affairs of Du Coudray—PublicCriticisms of Deane.
To James Warren, October 14th
Attacks on Arthur Lee—Berkenhout.
To Jonathan Trumbull, October 16th
Death of Son.
To Timothy Matlack, October 16th
Proposed Manifesto of General Clinton.
To James Warren, October 17th
Attitude of Politicians to Tories.
To Mrs. Adams, October 2oth
Personal Enemies in Boston.
To John Adams, October 25th
Military Affairs—Relations with France—The Rhode Island Expedition—NavalMovements.
To Arthur Lee, October 26th
Comments on Correspondence.
To ——, October 26th
Falsehoods of Enemies.
To the Public, October 30th
Manifesto of the Continental Congress.
To Samuel Phillips Savage, November 1st
Share of New England in Securing Independence—Personal Relations.
To James Warren, November 3rd
Work of Congress—Foreign Relations—Proposed Resignation.
Thanksgiving Proclamation, November 3rd
Resolution of Continental Congress.
To Samuel Phillips Savage, November l0th
State of Society and Politics in Boston.
To Jeremiah Powell, December 1st
Use of Appropriation—Re-election to Congress.
To Mrs. Adams, December 13th
Relations with John Temple—Personal Critics—Deane and Lee.
To the Council of Massachusetts, December 15th
Enclosing Declaration of French Minister.
To James Bowdoin, December 19th
Conduct of John Temple.
To John Winthrop, December 21st
Conduct of John Temple.
To Samuel Cooper, December 25th
Conduct of John Temple—Deane and Lee—Proposed Resignation.
To Charles Chauncy, December 25th
Conduct of John Temple—Gates and Heath.
1779.
To Samuel Cooper, January 3rd
Deane and Arthur Lee.
To James Warren, January 6th
Silas Deane—William Lee—Arthur Lee.
To Samuel Cooper, January 6th
American Representatives in France.
To Samuel Cooper, January 19th
Negotiations with France—Diplomatic Appointments.
To Jonathan Trumbull, February 6th
Naval Affairs.
To John Winthrop, February 6th
Depreciated Currency.
To Samuel Allyne Otis, February l0th
Recommending Richard Checkley.
To James Warren, February 12th
Confidential Correspondents—Public Manners and Principles.
To the Board of War, February 16th
Action of Governor Clinton on Flour Shipments.
To Samuel Cooper, February 21st
Monopoly of Trade and Land—Course of England.
To Mrs. Adams, March 7th
Proposed Resignation as Secretary—Personal Jealousies—News from France.
To John Adams, March 9th
Personal Reflections.
To Benjamin Austin, March 9th
Opinion of Deane and Arthur Lee.
To Mrs. Adams, March 23rd
Purpose to Resign as Secretary and as Delegate—Attitude of Countrymen.
To James Warren, March 23rd, 24th
Purpose to Resign—Personal Critics—Arthur Lee,
To James Lovell, March 26th
Case of Otis and Henley.
To James Lovell, March 27th
Application of Medical Officers.
To James Lovell, March 30th
John Paul Jones—Retention of Prize Money—The "Aliance."
To the Council of Massachusetts, April 1st
Want of Bread—Journals of Congress.
To John Pitts, April 27th
Comments on Political Affairs.
To Samuel Cooper, April 29th
Proper Attitude toward England—Canada and Nova Scotia.
To George Washington, May 26th
The Marine Committee—State of the Navy.
To Benjamin Hawes, July l0th
Movement of Troops.
To the Navy Board, July 12th
Movement of Ships.
To Jonathan Trumbull, July 13th
Hostilities in Connecticut.
To Horatio Gates, July 14th
Hostilities in Connecticut.
To the Navy Board, July 14th
Penobscot Expedition.
To Meshech Weare, July 28th
Investigation of Seizure.
To Arthur Lee, August 1st
Enemies of Lee.
To Solomon Lovell, August 6th
Military Affairs.
To the Council of Massachusetts, August l0th
Aid for Penobscot Expedition.
To the Council of Massachusetts, August 11th
Movement of Troops.
To Solomon Lovell, August 14th
Movement of Troops.
To John Frost, August 17th
The Penobscot Expedition.
To——, August 17th
The Penobscot Expedition.
To Henry Jackson, August 21st
The Penobscot Expedition.
To Horatio Gates, August 22nd
Failure on the Penobscot—Campaign Preparation.—Luzerne.
To George Washington, October 12th
Raising of Troops.
To the Navy Board, October 19th
Lack of Fuel—Protection of Coast.
To Elbridge Gerry and James Lovell, December
Subscription for Children of Joseph Warren.
To Elbridge Gerry, December 2Oth .
Appointment to Convention.
To Elbridge Gerry and James Lovell, December 20th
Education of Children of Joseph Warren.—Subscription for Benefit ofChildren of Joseph Warren
To the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, December 23rd.
Resolution of Council on Absentees.
1780.
To the Governor of Rhode Island, January 5th .
Exclusion of Secret Enemies.
To John Adams, January 13th
Work of the Legislature—Military Affairs—Constitutional Convention—Delegates in Congress.
To John Morin Scott, February 17th
Condition of Public Records.
To James Lovell, March 5th
Political Details.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, March 9th
Petition for Permission to Purchase Property of Absentees,
To John Adams, March 15th
The Massachusetts Constitution.
To James Lovell, March 25th
The Vermont Controversy—Work of Congress—The Penobscot Expedition—The EasternTerritory—Need of Consulate In France.
To John Adams, May
Work of the Legislature—The New Constitution.
Article Signed "Vindex," June 12th
Origin of the Contest—Character of the Army—Duty of the People.
To James Bowdoin, June 20th
Defence of Connecticut.
To John Fellows, June 20th
Control of Hudson River—Military Plans.
To Robert Howe, June 20th
Movement of Massachusetts Troops.
To John Fellows, June 21st
Plans for Defence of Hudson River.
To Robert Howe, June 21st
The Defence of Hudson River.
To La Fayette, June
Assistance of France—Military Preparations in Massachusetts —The ComingElection.
To John Adams, July 10th
The Massachusetts Constitution—The French Fleet.
To Hannah Adams, August 17th
Paternal Advice.
To James Bowdoin, August 22nd
French Opinion of Massachusetts Troops—The Vermont Controversy—The NewConstitution.
To John Lowell, September 15th
The Vermont Controversy—Condition of the Army.
To Mrs. Adams, September 19th
Sacrifice in Public Service—The Southern Campaign.
To James Warren, October 6th
The Massachusetts Election—Reflections on Congress.
To Mrs. Adams, October 10th
Visit of Arthur Lee to Boston—Election of Hancock—Treason of Arnold.
To Mrs. Adams, October 17th
Opinion of Arthur Lee—Election of Hancock.
To James Warren, October 24th
Public Service and Proper Government.
To Richard Henry Lee, October 31st
The Campaign in Virginia—Opinion of Arthur Lee.
To Samuel Cooper, November 7th
Visit of Arthur Lee to Boston—Legislation for the Army—The SouthernCampaign.
To Mrs. Adams, November nth, 13th
Robbery of the Mail—The Massachusetts Election.
To James Warren, November 20th
Activity of Personal Enemies—Local Politics.
To Thomas Wells, November 22nd
Advice on Married Life.
To Mrs. Adams, November 24th
Reflections on Results of Public Service.
To Elbridge Gerry, November 27th.
Proposed Retirement of Adams—Necessity for Public Service ofGerry—Character of Massachusetts Government.
To John Adams, December 17th
Military Activities—Treason of Arnold—Diplomatic Appointments—TheMassachusetts Constitution.
To John Adams, December 20th
Conditions in the South—Need of a Navy.
To John Scollay, December 30th
Support of Warren's Children—The New Government of Massachusetts—Character of the Population.
1781.
To Richard Henry Lee, January 15th
Opinion of Arthur Lee—Recurrence to First Principles.
To John Pitts, January 17th
Office-seeking.
To James Warren, February 1st
Effect of Foreign Influence.
To Mrs. Adams, February 1st
Relations with Dr. Cooper—Relations with Hancock.
To Mrs. Adams, March 15th
Desire to Return Home—Situation of Son.
Article, Unsigned, April 2nd
Character of Government—The Massachusetts Election.
To Caleb Davis, April 3rd.
Admission of Belligerent Subjects—Affairs at Boston.
Article, Unsigned, April 16th
The Massachusetts Election—The Duty of Citizens.
To Samuel Cooper, April 23d
Political Details—Attacks of Rivington.
To Thomas McKean, August 29th
Return of John Laurens—Peace and the Fishery—Executive Appointments.
To Thomas McKean, September 19th
Recommending Major Brown—Need of Strong Navy.
To Horatio Gates, October 11th
Proposed Court of Inquiry—The Southern Campaign.
To William Heath, November 21st
Relations of Canada and Vermont.
To Selectmen of Other Towns, December 14th
Letter of Boston on the Fishery—Instructions to Representatives.
To John Adams, December 18th
Local Politics.
To John Adams, December 19th
Proposed Revision of Statutes—Education—Public Manners —Action of Boston on the Fishery.
1782.
To Alexander McDougall, May 13th
Purpose of Patriots.
To John Lowell, May 15th
Legislative Procedure—Election of Representatives.
To John Lowell, June 4th
Controversy with Governor as to Legislative Procedure.
To Arthur Lee, November 21st
Petition of William Burgess.
To Arthur Lee, December 2nd
Affairs in Canada.
1783.
To Arthur Lee, February 10th
Case of Landais—The Fishery.
To the Selectmen of Boston, March 10th
Election as Moderator.
To Arthur Lee, April 21st
Political Fictions—Journals of Congress.
To Benjamin Lincoln, May 1st
Case of John Allan—Recommendations.
To Horatio Gates, May 2nd
Case of John Allan—The Saratoga Campaign.
To Elbridge Gerry, September 9th
Committee of Correspondence—Relation of Congress to the People.
To John Adams, November 4th
Need of Public Jealousy—Foreign Influences—Negotiation with Holland.
1784.
To John Adams, February 4th
Commending Appleton.
To Elbridge Gerry, February 25th
Work of the Committee of Correspondence—Financial Legislation—Case ofGridley.
To John Adams, April 16th
Action on Treaty—Treatment of Aliens—Need of Commercial Treaty—Danger ofPopular Conventions—The Cincinnati.
To John Adams, April 17th
Cases of Noyes and Dashwood.
To Elbridge Gerry, April 19th
The Cincinnati—Gerry's Proposed Retirement.
To Elbridge Gerry, April 23rd
The Court of Appeals—The Cincinnati—Foreign Influence.
To Noah Webster, April 30th
Commutation of Pay of Officers—Popular Committees and ConstitutionalGovernment.
To John Adams, June 20th
Personal Greeting.
To John Adams, December 2nd
Case of Dashwood.
To Richard Henry Lee, December 23rd
Conditions in Congress—Effects of Peace—Foreign Relations —NationalPolicy—Attitude of England.
1785.
To Richard Henry Lee, March 24th
The Six Nations—Case of John Allan.
To Richard Henry Lee, April 14th
Introducing Macauley Graham.
To John Adams, July 2nd
Conditions of Trade—Massachusetts Election.
To John Adams, August 16th
Case of Captain Stanhope.
To Richard Henry Lee, December 17th
Case of Captain Landais.
1786.
To John Adams, April 13th
William Gordon—Relations with England.
To John Adams, July 21st
Political Liberty and National Faith—The Tories.
1787.
To Richard Henry Lee, December 3rd
The National Constitution.
1789.
To Richard Henry Lee, April 22nd
Powers of Congress—Commending Leonard Jarvis.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, May 27th
Accepting Election as Lieutenant-Governor.
To Richard Henry Lee, July 14th
The State Governments—Political Applications.
To Elbridge Gerry, August 22nd
Congressional Control of Lighthouses—Constitutional Amendments.
To Richard Henry Lee, August 24th
Nature of the Constitution—Importance of Amendments.
To Richard Henry Lee, August 29th
Power of Removal—Relations with Washington—The Eastern Boundary.
1790.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, May 28th
Accepting Election as Lieutenant-Governor.
To John Adams, September 2nd
Application of Captain Lyde.
To John Adams, October 4th
Political Reflections.
To John Adams, November 25th
Nature of the Constitution—The American Legislatures—Succession inOffice—Effects and Nature of Good Government —Universal Education andLiberty.
1794.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, January 17th .
Death of Governor Hancock—The Federal Constitution—The MassachusettsConstitution—Essential Principles of Government—Public Education.
Proclamation, February 19th
Appointing Day of Thanksgiving.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, May 31st
General Election—European War—Object of the Constitution.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, June 4th
Use of Castle Island.
Proclamation, November 3rd
Appointing Day of Thanksgiving.
1795.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, January 16th
Object of Frequent Sessions—Purity of Elections—EuropeanAffairs—Fortifications—Pennsylvania Insurrection—Amendment of StateConstitution.
To Jeremy Belknap, March 30th
Action of Continental Congress with Reference to Captain Cook.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, June 3rd.
Re-election as Governor—Duty of Public Officers—Justification of ColonialSettlers—Foreign Relations—Public Education —Amendment of StateConstitution—The Judicial System—Public Credit.
To the Public, July 4th
Address at Laying of Corner-stone of State House.
Proclamation, October 14th
Appointing Day of Thanksgiving.
1796.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, January 19th
Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures—The National and StateConstitutions—Treaty-making Power—The Treaty with England.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, May 31st
Duty to the Union—Duty of the Legislators.
Proclamation, October 6th
Appointing Day of Thanksgiving.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, November 17th
Choice of Presidential Electors.
To the Senate of Massachusetts, November 23rd
Vacancies in Electoral College.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, November 24th
Vacancies in Electoral College.
1797.
To the Legislature of Massachusetts, January 27th
Retirement of Washington—General Elections—Public Education—TheMilitia—Determination to Retire from Public Life.
Proclamation, March 20th
Appointing Day of Thanksgiving.
To John Adams, April 17th
Introducing Mr. Wyllys.
1801.
To Thomas Jefferson, April 24th
Congratulations on Election—Political Comments.
To Thomas Jefferson, November 18th
Congratulations on Peace.
1802.
To Thomas Paine, November 30th
Defence of Infidelity—Effect of Proposed Age of Reason.
1778
TO RICHARD HENRY LEE.
[MS., Samuel Adams Papers, Lenox Library.]
BOSTON Jany 1 1778MY DEAR SIR
I had the Pleasure of receiving your Letter dated at York the 23d ofNovr last, which mentions your having before written to me by a youngGentn Capt Romane who was to pass through this Place in his Return toFrance. That Letter has not yet come to Hand. I shall regard all yourRecommendations with the utmost Respect.
Our military Affairs in the middle Department are in such a Situation as to afford us too much Reason to be chagrind. We have indeed sufferd no shameful Defeats, but a promising Campaign has however ended ingloriously. To what are we to attribute it? I believe to a miserable Set of General Officers. I mean to make some Exceptions. For the Sake of our Country, my dear Friend, let me ask, Is our Army perpetually to be an unanimated one; because there is not Fortitude enough to remove those bad Men. I remember the Factions in Carthage which prevented her making herself the Mistress of the World. We may avoid Factions and yet rid our Army of idle cowardly or drunken officers. HOW was Victory snatchd out of our Hands at German Town! Was not this owing to the same Cause? And Why was only one General officer dischargd? Was it because there were just Grounds to suspect only one? Is there not Reason to fear that our Commander in Chief may one day suffer in his own Character by Means of these worthless Creatures? May he not suffer under the Reputation of an unfortunate Commander, than which I think he cannot suffer a greater Evil. It is difficult to seperate from the Minds of the People the Idea of unfortunate from that of the Want of some necessary soldierly Quality. At best the unfortunate General has Pity only as the Reward of his Services; and how soon does Pity degenerate into Contempt. Cicero if I mistake not some where tells us, that when a General is fortunate it matters not whether it is ascribd to his being a Favorite of the Immortal Gods, or to certain good Qualities in him which others are incapable of observing. His Soldiers will encounter every Danger under his Conduct. His Enemies will be confounded at his Approach. His Country will revere him. The Reverse is equally just. As therefore we regard the Reputation of the Comdr in Chief of our Armies, which is of the greatest Importance to our Affairs, let us promote this Winter a strict Scrutiny into the Causes of this unfortunate Campaign. Our Affairs are far from wearing a desperate Aspect. Our Successes at the Northward must give us Reputation abroad; and Reputation is a Kind of real Strength. That our Men are brave, Brandy Wine & German-town can witness. Let us then give them officers worthy of them, and Heaven will prosper our righteous Cause. There is indeed one thing which to me appears threatning. It is absolutely necessary that the Commissarial Departmt should be restored to a better State, or the Army will soon suffer. This my dear Sir requires your speedy Return to Congress. Did the Army suffer or was it in Danger of suffering before the Alterations in that Department the last Summer, why then should we not put it upon its old Footing & prevail upon the former Commissary, who is the fittest Man I know, to act again in that office.1 I have been favord with a Letter from Dr Lee since his Return to Paris from Berlin.2 The Powers of Europe I perceive, are too timid, or too intent upon enslaving others, to espouse the Cause of Liberty in America. No Matter, my Friend. We shall not be obligd to them; and they will hereafter be more sensible of our Importance when they find that we have struggled thro our Difficulties without them. We shall do greater Honor to our Selves and our Cause; and those Liberties for which we pay so dear a Price will be more justly & more highly valued by our selves and our Posterity. France, in my Opinion, misses the Sight of her true Interest in delaying to take a decisive Part. She runs a great Risque; for if Britain should be so politick as to recognize our Independence which she sees us determind at all Hazzards to maintain, and should propose to us a Treaty of Alliance offensive & defensive, would not the flattering Expectations of France be cut off? I mention this, not because I expect or wish for it. But should such Recognition & such Proposals be made the next Spring, which may happen, would France have any Reason to fault America for acceeding to it? We are independent. The Nations of Europe may acknowledge it when they dare to do it. We have Fortitude enough to maintain it. This is our Business. The Nations may reap honest Advantages from it. If they have not Wisdom enough to discern in Season, they will regret their own Blindness hereafter. We will dispose our Favors as we please.
The Letter from Congress to the Assembly of this State, inclosing the Articles of Confederation, came to Hand the Day of its Adjournment, which is to a shorter Day than was intended that the weighty Matters recommended might be considerd with all possible Speed. The Assembly will meet on the 7th Instant. It will be difficult for the Members to prevail upon themselves to make a new Law after having been necessitated so late to repeal one framed for the same purpose. A Comt however I am inclind to think will be appointed to meet those of the other States mentiond in the recommendation. The Articles of Confederation seem to be well liked. I suppose you will have the Sense of this Assembly soon.
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