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山东大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2013年山东大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）
第一部分：词语互译
1. SOI【答案】通信操作指令（Signal Operation Instruction）
2. APEC【答案】亚太经合组织
3. INTERPOL【答案】国际刑警组织（International Criminal Police Organization）
4. morbidity rate【答案】发病率
5. European Commission【答案】欧洲委员会
6. China Meteorological Administration【答案】中国气象局
7. International Maritime Organization【答案】国际海事组织
8. Capitol Hill【答案】国会山
9. dialectics【答案】辩证法
10. 八旗制度【答案】The Eight Banners system
11. 三个代表思想【答案】the important thinking of Three Represents
12. 环境论【答案】environmentalism
13. 鸦片战争【答案】Sino-British Opium War
14. 信息化战争【答案】IT-based warfare
15. 失业保险【答案】unemployment insurance
第二部分：文章汉英互译
英译汉：讲了our strength can go out of our weakness，比较偏文学性，生词好几个，意思大家都能翻译出来，但是想要出彩不容易。
汉译英：文章讲了一些大学生当志愿者的事情，不难翻。
2014年山东大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Phrase Translation
1. CIF【答案】成本加保险费加运费（Cost, Insurance and Freight）
2. NASA【答案】美国国家航空航天局
3. Jerusalem【答案】耶路撒冷
4. INTERPOL【答案】国际刑警组织
5. QDII【答案】合格境内机构投资者（Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor）
6. microbe【答案】微生物
7. migrant worker【答案】农民工
8. general administration of sport【答案】国家体育总局
9. Nobel Laureate【答案】诺贝尔奖得主
10. microfinance【答案】微观金融；小微金融；小额信贷
11. international Maritime organization【答案】国际海事组织
12. All-China Sports Federation【答案】中华全国体育总会
13. Terra-Cotta Warriors【答案】兵马俑
14. gender disparity【答案】性别差异
15. 针灸疗法【答案】Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion therapy
16. 聘礼【答案】betrothal gift
17. 双面绣【答案】Double-faced Embroidery
18. 儿童文学【答案】Children’s Literature
19. 普通法【答案】Common Law
20. 杂货商店【答案】Grocery store
21. 法律援助【答案】Legal aid
22. 学前儿童【答案】preschool-age children
23. 小康社会【答案】a well-off society
24. 综合国力【答案】comprehensive national strength
25. 三农【答案】agriculture, countryside and farmers
26. 半导体【答案】semiconductor
27. 重症监护室【答案】ICU (intensive care unit)
28. 国企【答案】state-owned enterprise
29. 网页【答案】webpage
Ⅱ. Passage Translation
Section A: English to Chinese
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy—so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine...A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.【参考译文】
三种简单却极其强烈的情感主宰着我的生活：对爱的渴望、对知识的追求、对人类痛苦的难以承受的怜悯之心。这三种情感，像一阵阵飓风一样，任意地将我吹的飘来荡去，越过痛苦的海洋，抵达绝望的彼岸。
我寻找爱，首先，因为它令人心醉神迷，这种沉醉是如此美妙，以至于我愿意用余生来换取那几个小时的快乐。我寻找爱，其次是因为它会减轻孤独，置身于那种可怕的孤独中，颤抖的灵魂在世界的边缘，看到冰冷的、死寂的、无底深渊。我寻找爱，还因为在爱水乳交融时，在一个神秘的缩影中，我见到了先贤和诗人们所想象的、预览的天堂。这就是我所追求的，尽管对于凡人来说，这好像是一种奢望。但这是我最终找到的。
我曾以同样的热情来追求知识。我希望能理解人类的心灵，希望能知道为什么星星会发光。我也曾经努力理解毕达哥拉斯学派的理论，他们认为数字主载着万物的此消彼长。我了解了一点知识，但是不多。
Section B: Chinese to English
中国自身的古白话是何时开始转化为欧化白话的？这要归结到近代来华的西方传教士，他们创作了最早的欧化白话文。西方近代来华的传教士最初所用的汉语，大都是文言。中国的士大夫由于具有儒家信仰，对于基督教的传教，往往持抵制态度。这就促使西方传教士必须更加注意发展文化水平较低、无法阅读文言的信徒，用白话传教正是在这种状态下进入了他们的视野。【参考译文】
When did Chinese own ancient vernacular turn into European-Chinese vernacular? It would come down to western missionaries who came to China in recent years, because they created the first European-Chinese vernacular. At first, they spoke Chinese in the form of classical languages. Chinese scholar-bureaucrats believed in Confucianism and always resisted on Christianity, which made western missionaries pay more attention to develop low-educated and illiterate people to become their followers. Therefore, European-Chinese vernacular came into their views on that condition.
2015年山东大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. (30’)
1. FOB【答案】离岸价（free on board）
2. GDP【答案】国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）
3. UNICEF【答案】联合国儿童基金会（United Nations International Children s Emergency Fund）
4. YMCA【答案】基督教青年会（Young Men s Christian Association）
5. APEC【答案】亚太经合组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）
6. Barcelona【答案】巴塞罗那
7. venture capital【答案】风险投资
8. Federal Reserves【答案】美联储
9. balance sheet【答案】资产负债表
10. State Councilor【答案】国务委员
11. National Natural Science Foundation【答案】国家自然科学基金委员会
12. international trade regime【答案】国际贸易体制
13. State Archives Administration【答案】国家档案局
14. Patriotic Health Campaign【答案】爱国卫生运动
15. Papua New Guinea【答案】巴布亚纽几内亚
16. 自助餐厅【答案】cafeteria
17. 儿童福利【答案】child welfare
18. 《红楼梦》【答案】A Dream in Red Mansions
19. 比较心理学【答案】comparative psychology
20. 计划经济【答案】planned economy
21. 总罢工【答案】general strike
22. 人寿保险【答案】life insurance
23. 学前教育【答案】preschool education; preprimary education
24. 和谐社会【答案】harmonious society
25. 公益文化活动【答案】nonprofit cultural programs
26. 形象工程【答案】Image Project
27. 流行音乐【答案】popular music; pop music
28. 虚拟现实【答案】Virtual Reality
29. 旅游农业【答案】tourism agriculture
30. 国务院（中国）【答案】State Council
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English 60 points for each text. (120’)
Source Text 1:
Man is the creature of interest and ambition. His nature leads him forth into the struggle and bustle of the world. Love is but the embellishment of his early life, or a song piped in the intervals of the acts. He seeks for fame, for fortune, for space in the world’s thought, and dominion over his fellow-men. But a woman’s whole life is a history of the affections. The heart is her world; it is there her ambition strives for empire—it is there her avarice seeks for hidden treasures. She sends forth her sympathies on adventure; she embarks her whole soul in the traffic of affection; and if shipwrecked her case is hopeless—for it is a bankruptcy of the heart.
To a man, the disappointment of love may occasion some bitter pangs; it wounds some feelings of tenderness—it blasts some prospects of felicity; but he is an active being—he may dissipate his thoughts in the whirl of varied occupation, or may plunge into the tide of pleasure; or, if the scene of disappointment be too full of painful associations, he can shift his abode at will, and taking, as it were, the wings of the morning, can fly to the uttermost parts of the earth, and be at rest.【参考译文】
男人实为巧寻利益和抱负的动物，如此的天性令其勇闯尘世的争斗与繁忙之中。爱情仅为男人早期生命的点缀品，抑或是奋斗旅程短暂停歇途中响起的歌曲。他追名逐利，试图在尘世的思想界占有一席之地，得以影响和掌控着他的同胞。然而女人的一生是一部感情史。她的心就她的整个世界；在这里有着她构建自己王国的壮志，有着她寻觅秘藏宝藏的欲望。她在感情冒险中表达着自己的怜悯，在感情的过往中寄托了整个的灵魂；一旦感情沉沦，她便陷入绝望的境地——因为她心已亡。
对男人而言，对爱的失望可能会带来丝丝苦楚，令细腻的感情受伤，让对幸福的些许憧憬支离破碎。然而他却是一个积极向上的存在，在一阵忙乱之中他会忘却之前的凄苦念想；抑或纵身一跃，大肆狂欢；倘若失望的场景裹挟了太多痛苦的回忆，他亦可凭其喜好搬离纷扰之地。甚至可搭乘清晨的羽翼，“飞抵地球最顶端，清净地安养。”
Source Text 2:
人类迄今从事的所有科学研究都可以归纳进三个大门类：自然科学，社会科学，人文科学。这个分类是有其合理性的，因为它们分别是针对不同的对象，不但从“共时”（synchronic）的角度去看是如此，从“历时”（diachronic）的角度去看也是如此，这三个门类研究的其实是前后相承的三个“世界”：天地之始，宇宙初辟，一直到第一种动物诞生之前，这个只有矿物和植物的相对静止的世界，就是自然世界；动物的出现带来了有自由活动的个体组成的群体，有了群体就必然有关系需要协调，有信息需要交流，这时就出现了第二世界一一社会世界;动物进化到人，出现了人类世界，其与第二世界的区别在于人类有语言和思想。所有的学科都可以归纳进三个大门类里，当然学科间可能会有交叉，有的还可能兼属于三个门类，但不管怎样，它首先有个基本的归属，而这个基本归属必然是所研究对象的本质之所在。【参考译文】
All the scientific studies that human beings have done so far can be divided into three categories: natural science, social science, and humanities. This classification is reasonable because it aims at different objects. Not only from the synchronic perspective it’s just so, but also from the diachronic perspective to see is the same. These three categories of research are actually three mutually connected “worlds”: From the beginning of heaven and earth and the universe, the relatively still world with only minerals and plants isn’t the natural world until the first kind of animals comes to birth; the emergence of animals has led to the formation of groups of individuals who can move freely, then there’s a need to coordinate relationships and exchange information, so the second world—social world—appears at this time. Animals evolved to human beings and the human world comes out, which is different from the second world in humans’ possessing languages and thoughts. All disciplines can be grouped into these three categories, of course, there may be cross among disciplines or belong to all the three categories. However, the discipline should have a basic attribution, and the basic attribution is the essence of the discipline.
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]