作者：圣才电子书
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聊城大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年聊城大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Translate the following into Chinese. (one point each, 15 points)
1. Reuters【答案】路透社
2. Memorandum of Understanding【答案】谅解备忘录
3. force majeure【答案】不可抗力
4. RSVP【答案】请回复
5. First National City Bank【答案】第一国民城市银行
6. transferable L/C【答案】可转让信用证
7. letter of intent【答案】意向书
8. F.O.B【答案】装运港船上交货(Free On Board)
9. to restore the reclaimed land to forest【答案】退耕还林
10. bus girl【答案】餐馆女杂工
11. Adam’s apple【答案】喉结
12. police society【答案】上流社会
13. Electoral College【答案】总统选举团
14. the fifth wheel【答案】多余的人或物
15. Dutch treatment【答案】AA制
Ⅱ. Translate the following in English. (one point each, 15 points)
1. 求职书【答案】an application letter
2. 送货上门【答案】door-to-door delivery service
3. 搬迁户【答案】relocated family
4. “863”计划【答案】National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)
5. 温饱问题【答案】food and clothing problem
6. 股份有限公司【答案】the limited liability company
7. 劳务合同【答案】contract for labor service
8. 个人用品【答案】personal items
9. 按劳分配【答案】distribution on the basis of labor
10. 君主立宪制【答案】constitutional monarchy
11. 对牛弹琴【答案】talk to a brick wall/cast pearl before swine
12. 对口支援【答案】partner assistance
13. 春运【答案】（passenger）transport during the Spring Festival period/spring rush
14. 个人所得税【答案】personal income tax
15. “豆腐渣”工程【答案】jerry-built projects
Ⅲ. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (60 points)
When I made my first trip to China in 1972, Premier Chou Enlai and I shook hands as I came off the airplane. That handshake began a new era in relations between China and the United States. Later, Chou said to me, “your handshake came over the vastest distance in the world—twenty-five years of no communications.”
What brought us together, across that vast sea of no communication? On the American side, some people assumed that my primary interest in a new relationship with China was because of the Soviet threat and because I hoped to get help to bring the war in Vietnam to an end. This is not true. While common perception of a common danger was what made the new relationship possible at that time, it was not the dominant reason for seeking a new relationship. That reason went deeper. And because the reason was more fundamental, the relationship can be more long-lasting.
It is a rule among nations that fear can hold alliances together in the short run. The main reason I sought the new relationship was not what I saw when I looked around me at the world of the 1970s. Rather, it was what I saw when I looked ahead to the world of the 21st century.
The United States is a military superpower and the world’s richest nation. China is the world’s most populous nation with a billion people who are potentially among the ablest and most productive in the world. It has a great tradition. It has huge resources. It was enormous strength of will and spirit. In the 21st century, I believe that the relationship between China and the United States can be the most important relationship in the world.【参考译文】
1972年当我首次访问中国的时候，一走下飞机，周恩来总理和我握手，这次握手开辟了中美关系的新纪元，后来周对我说，“你的握手跨过了世界上最遥远的距离——跨过了没有交流的25年”。
是什么跨过那没有交流的辽阔海洋，把我们联在一起的呢？在美国方面，有人以为我对同中国建立一种新关系的主要兴趣是由于苏联的威胁和由于我想得到协助以结束在越南的战争，这不是事实。尽管当时对共同危险的共同察觉使得这种新关系变得可能，但它不是寻求新关系的主要原因。这种原因要更为深刻。正因为这种原因更带有根本性，关系才能更为持久。
恐惧能暂时使联盟建立起来，这是常例。但要保持长久的友谊则必须抱有希望。我谋求这种新关系的主要原因不是因为我所看到的20世纪70年代的世界形势，更主要的是我当时对21世纪世界的展望。
美国是一个军事超级大国，也是世界上最富有的国家。中国是一个世界上人口最多的国家，其10亿人民从潜力上看，是世界上最能干、最富有创造性的人民之一。它有着伟大的传统，它有着巨大的资源，它有着意志和精神的巨大力量。我相信在21世纪，中美关系能成为世界上最重要的关系。
Ⅳ. Translate the following into English. (60 points)
妻子是个幼儿教师，多年从事幼教工作。她长得纤细、玲珑、漂亮，没结婚之前挺可爱，结了婚就更可爱了，但职业习惯也就彻底地暴露无遗。
最可恨的是跟你说话的态度和口吻：“出去看着车。”“慢点吃，别噎着。”“穿上点儿衣服，冷。”就剩下说“乖”了。按说有个“阿姨”照顾生活也挺不错的，但是男子汉的气魄却受到了毁灭性的“摧残”，是你总觉得自己是个五岁半的小男孩，而且再也长不大了。我是个1.81米，体重80公斤的山东大汉，您说，她对我这么说话，是不是挺滑稽、挺可笑的？
有一天，她又对我像对小朋友似的唠唠叨叨，我实在忍无可忍了，就叫了一声“住嘴”然后凑上前去，压低声音，恶狠狠地说：“亲爱的，我真想揍你一顿，打得你屁股蛋子一半红一半青，你就知道一个男子汉与一个小男孩到底有什么区别了。”听了这话，妻的表情复杂透了：惊讶、害怕、害羞、娇嗔，转而又笑得死去活来。她的笑，把我也给逗乐了。男子汉的风采还是得不到充分的表现。谁让我爱她呢，所以，做个“乖孩子”没商量。以后，她再对我这么说话，我干脆捏着嗓子说“是，阿姨。”妻子笑过之后，职业习惯竟收敛了许多。【参考译文】
My wife is a kindergarten teacher who has been engaged in preschool educational work for many years. She is slim, petite and beautiful. Before we get married, she was so cute. And now she becomes even better. However, her professional habits are exposed completely in our hours together.
What make me most intolerable are her attitude and tone when she is talking. For example, “Look after the cars!” “Eat slowly and don’t choke!” “Put on more clothes, it’s cold!” What’s more, she just left saying “Good boy!” Generally, it could not be bad that being looked after by an auntie, but my courage of man has been devastating “damage”. She always makes me have the illusion of being a five-year-old boy who won’t grow up. Well, I’m a strong man with 1.81 m tall and 80 kg weight. So when she talks with me that way, it is so ridiculous, right?
One day, when she was nagging me as a child again, I could not bear it and said, “Shut up!” Then I moved close to her and told her “fiercely” in a low voice, “Darling, I really want to give you a good spanking. If your ass turns black and blue, you will know what on earth the difference is between a man and a boy.” Hearing the words, my wife got a rich expression: astonished, frightened, ashamed and annoyed, while she turned laughing from ear to ear. Her smile also made me laugh. While, my presence of man still could not be showed fully. I have no choice but being a good boy. Because I love her! Afterwards, when she again nagged me that way, I simply pinched my voice, “Yes, auntie!” After smiled, unexpectedly, my wife reduced a lot of her professional habits when we got along together.
2012年聊城大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)
1. Eurozone【答案】欧元区
2. BRICS【答案】金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非）
3. NASA【答案】美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）
4. ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）
5. DPRK【答案】朝鲜民主主义人民共和国（Democratic People’s Republic of Korea）
6. Reuters【答案】路透社
7. trial court【答案】初审法院
8. Non-Aligned Movement【答案】不结盟运动
9. Forbes【答案】《福布斯》杂志
10. the UN Security Council【答案】联合国安全理事会
11. Nanotechnology【答案】纳米技术
12. FORTUNE Global Forum【答案】全球财富论坛
13. Yellowstone National Park, USA【答案】美国黄石国家公园
14. Paralympics【答案】残疾人奥运会
15. Exxon Mobil【答案】埃克森美孚（美国石油公司）
16. 新华社【答案】Xinhua News Agency
17. 海基会【答案】Straits Exchange Foundation
18. 贸易逆差【答案】trade deficit
19. 保监会【答案】the China Insurance Regulatory Commission
20. 行政问责【答案】administrative accountability
21. 义务教育【答案】compulsory education
22. 医患纠纷【答案】medical disputes
23. 六方会谈【答案】Six-party talks
24. 全国人大常务委员会【答案】the NPC Standing Committee
25. 软实力【答案】soft power
26. 强权政治【答案】power politics
27. 跨文化交际【答案】cross-cultural communication; intercultural communication
28. 城镇居民基本医保【答案】medical insurance for urban residents
29. 国家新闻出版总署【答案】General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP)
30. “米袋子”省长负责制【答案】provincial governors assuming responsibility for the rice bag (grain supply)
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)
Source text 1
In cities all over the United States, workers spend several hours a day in cars crawling along in traffic to get to offices many miles from home. They experience stress, waste time and pay a lot for gas, car maintenance, and parking. Once they get to work, they make their way through a maze of cubicles, each with its computer, phone, and file cabinet. Nancy Alley, human resources manager of a big company, doesn’t. She stays at home in her pajamas with a pile of resume talking with managers over the phone and faxing in paperwork. Instead of walking down the hall to chat with coworkers, she emails them. Nancy is a telecommuter, someone who works some or all of the time at home.
Highway congestion, the high cost of office space, federal clean air laws reduced work forces, and lifestyle needs—all these factors contribute to the growth of telecommuting. What makes it possible is technology. Desktop and laptop personal computers, networking, videoconferencing, fax machines, email and multiple phone lines provide the fast and efficient communication required for telecommuting.
The experiences of many companies suggest that telecommuting call increase workplace flexibility and enhance productivity. At Georgia Power Company, for example, a pilot telecommuting project was so successful that the company decided to triple its number of telecommuters. The company reduced the cost of office space by $100,000 a year, increased productivity among the telecommuting employees of its customer service center, and saved the workers a combined 750 commuter miles a day.
Telecommuting, however, is not without obstacles. It also makes many employees feel isolated and out of touch, leading to decreased motivation and less, not more productivity. By blurring the barriers between work and family, telecommuting often leads to more work hours and more interference with family life. (301words)
[Key words]cubicles隔间【参考译文】
在美国各地的城市里，上班族每天花费几小时开着车徐徐行进在车流中，赶往离家数英里的办公室。不仅神经高度紧张，浪费时间，还要为汽油、维修和泊车花一大笔钱。到达上班地点后，他们便在配有电脑、电话和文件柜的迷宫般的小隔间中活动穿梭。一家大公司的人力资源部经理南茜•艾利可不这样。她穿着睡衣呆在家中，拿着一摞个人简历通过电话与经理们交谈并用传真机接收书面文件。用不着走到大厅和同事们聊天，她给她们发电子邮件。南茜是一位利用电子通讯设备在家里办公的人，即部分或全部时间在家上班。
公路交通的拥挤、办公室空间的高额费用、联邦政府的洁净空气法、劳动大军的缩减以及生活方式的需要——所有这些因素促成了电讯家庭办公人数的增加。而使这一趋势成为可能的是科技。台式与便携式电脑、互联网、视频会议系统、传真机、电子邮件以及多路电话线为电讯家庭办公人员提供了快捷、高效的沟通渠道。
许多公司的经验表明，电讯家庭办公可以提高工作单位的灵活性与办公效率。以佐治亚电力公司为例，该公司电讯家庭办公试点项目非常成功，所以公司决定把利用电子通设备在家上班人员的数量扩大3倍。公司办公室租金每年减少了10万美元，客户服务中心电讯家庭办公人员的工作效率提高了，并省去了员工每天上班的行程共计750英里。
电讯家庭办公不无弊端。它也使许多员工产生孤寂和与世隔绝之感，从而造成工作的积极性降低及办事效率下滑。电讯家庭办公使办公室与家庭的界限模糊不清因而拉长了工作时间并干扰了家庭生活。
Source text 2
中华民族是由五十六个民族组成的大家庭。从遥远的古代起．我国各族人民就建立了紧密的政治经济文化联系，共同开发了祖国的河山，两千多年前就形成了幅员广阔的统一国家。悠久的中华文化，成为维系民族团结和国家统一的牢固纽带。团结统一，深深印在中国人的民族意识中。中国历史上虽曾出现过暂时的分裂现象，但民族团结和国家统一始终是中华民族历史的主流，是中国发展进步的重要保障。新中国的成立，标志着中华民族实现了空前的大团结。各民族之间建立了平等、团结、互助的新型关系。各民族人民依法享有各项权利和自由。在少数民族聚居的地方实行了区域自治。民族地区的经济社会获得不断的发展。所有这些，为巩固国家统一奠定了坚实的政治基础。（300字）【参考译文】
The Chinese nation is a big family composed of 56 nationalities. Since time immemorial, people of all our nationalities have established close-knit political, economic and cultural links and joined hands in developing the vast land of our country. China became a vast unified country more than 2,000 years ago. The age-old Chinese culture becomes a strong bond for ethnic harmony and national unity. Solidarity and unity are deeply inscribed in the hearts of the Chinese people as part of their national identity. Despite occasional divisions, ethnic harmony and national unity has remained the main stream in the history of the Chinese nation, and an important guarantee for China’s development and progress. The founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 marked an unprecedented great unity of the Chinese nation. A new type of relationship of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance among all our nationalities has been established. People of all our nationalities enjoy full rights and freedoms provided for by the law. In places where there is a high concentration of ethnic minorities, regional autonomy is in practice. These regions have witnessed continued economic and social development. All these have laid a solid political foundation for consolidated national unity.
2013年聊城大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30’)
l. LAS【答案】阿拉伯国家联盟（League of Arab States）
2. IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织（international monetary fund）
3. per capita GDP【答案】人均国内生产总值
4. CPI【答案】消费物价指数（Consumer Price Index）
5. APEC【答案】亚太经贸合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）
6. NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）
7. UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization）
8. Dow Jones Indexes【答案】道琼斯平均指数
9. The Nile River【答案】尼罗河
10. simultaneous interpreting【答案】同声传译
11. The Economist【答案】《经济学人》
12. ConocoPhillips【答案】康菲石油公司
13. Statue of Liberty, New York City, USA【答案】美国纽约自由女神像
14. court of error【答案】复审法庭
15. World Media Summit Presidium Meeting【答案】世界媒体峰会主席团会议
16. “十二五”规划【答案】the 12th five-year plan
17. 国家海洋局【答案】State Oceanic Administration
18. 住房公积金【答案】housing fund
19. 银监会【答案】CBRC(China Banking Regulatory Commission)
20. 贸易顺差【答案】trade surplus
21. 十七届六中全会【答案】the Sixth Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Party
22. 民主党派【答案】Democratic Party
23. 海协会【答案】Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
24. 低保家庭【答案】household receiving subsistence allowances
25. 新型农村合作医疗制度【答案】The New Rural Cooperative Medical Care System
26. 公立医院改革试点【答案】trial public hospital reform
27. 探月工程【答案】lunar exploration program
28. “菜篮子”市长负责制【答案】the mayor assuming responsibility for the shopping basket
29. 归化法【答案】normalization method
30. 连贯【答案】coherence
Ⅱ. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language: respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)
Source Text 1
The old Chinese New Year, of the lunar calendar, was the greatest festival in the year for the Chinese people, compared with which every other festival seemed lacking in completeness of the holiday spirit. For five days the entire nation dressed in its best clothes, shut up shops, loafed, beat gongs, let off firecrackers, paid calls, and attended theatrical performances. It was gambled, the great day of good luck, when everybody looked forward to a better and more prosperous new year, when everybody had the pleasure of adding one year to his age and was ready with an auspicious luck-bringing word for his neighbors.
The humblest maid had the right not to be scolded on New Year’s Day, and strangest of all, even the hard-working women of China loafed and cracked melon seeds and refused to wash or cook a regular meal or even handle kitchen knife. The justification for this idleness was that to chop meat on New Year’s Day was to chop off good luck, and to pour water down the sink was to pour away good luck, and to wash anything was to wash away good luck. Red scrolls were pasted on every door containing the words: Luck, Happiness, Peace, Prosperity, Spring. For it was the festival of the return of the spring, of life and growth and prosperity.
And all around, in the home courtyards and in the streets, there was the sound of firecrackers, and the smell of sulfur was in the air. Country women, dressed in their best, would go three or four miles to a neighboring village to watch a theatrical show, and village dandies indulged in what flirtations they dared. It was the day of emancipation for women, emancipation from the drudgery of cooking and washing, and if the men were hungry, they could fry nienkao (hard New Year pudding), or make a bowl of noodles with prepared sauce, or go to the kitchen and steal cold cuts of chicken. (328 words)【参考译文】
中国的农历新年是中国人民最伟大的节日，而其他节日似乎都缺乏节日精神的完整性。整整五天，整个国家的人都穿上最好的衣服，关闭了商店，出门闲逛，敲锣，放鞭炮，拜访亲人，还参加了戏剧表演。这被认为是好运的好日子，每个人都期待着一个更美好、更繁荣的新年，每个人都开心自己又长大了一岁，并准备好迎接好运的到来。
最卑贱的女仆也有权不在大年初一被责骂，最奇怪的是，即使是中国辛勤劳动的妇女也会弄开瓜子种子，拒绝洗衣服或做一顿平常的饭，甚至拒绝拿起菜刀。这个懒惰的理由是，大年初一剁肉是要斩断好运，把水倒在水槽里会倒走好运，洗任何东西都会冲走好运。红色的春联贴在每一扇门上，包含着幸运，幸福，和平，繁荣，春天等字眼。因为这是关于春天和生命回归，成长与繁荣的节日。
而在家中的庭院和街道上到处都是爆竹的声音，空气中都是硫磺的气味。乡村妇女会穿着最好看的衣服走三四英里去邻近的乡村看一场戏剧，而乡村的女孩则沉迷于她们平时不敢的调情取乐。那是妇女解放的一天，她们从煮饭和洗衣的痛苦中解放出来，如果男人饿了，他们就炒年糕（硬的新年布丁），或者用准备好的酱汁做一碗面条，又或者是去厨房偷吃切好的凉的鸡肉。
Source Text 2
2009年10月6日，高锟因一项发现，推动了纤维光学领域的突破性进展，获得了诺贝 尔物理学奖。他说：“我惊讶地说不出话来，没料到能获此殊荣。”
高锟，1933年出生于上海，祖籍江苏金山，现隶属于上海。小时候，他与哥哥在家跟着私塾先生学习古文经典；同时，在上海的一家国际学校学习英语、法语，该校由包括蔡元培在内的许多进步教育家创办。1948年，高家迁往香港，1952年他在香港上完中学。高锟
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