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东北财经大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2011年东北财经大学考博英语真题
Listening Comprehension（略）
2010年东北财经大学考博英语真题
2009年东北财经大学考博英语真题
2008年东北财经大学考博英语真题
英语听力试题（10%）（略）
2007年东北财经大学考博英语真题及详解
第一部分 英语听力部分(10%)Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 10 points)（略）第二部分 英语笔试部分(90%)
I. Vocabulary and structure (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A
Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Each sentence has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that would best keep the meaning of the original sentence.
1. “It was clear that they abused their power and rode roughshod over the people.
A. hauled
B. misused
C. deceived
D. initiated【答案】B【解析】abuse滥用。misuse误用，滥用。haul用力拖拉。deceive欺骗。initiate开始，发动。ride roughshod over压制，欺凌。
2. Once again, success in farming is accompanied by new worries, which brought about a disaster to the village.
A. assaulted
B. followed
C. approved
D. adapted【答案】A【解析】accompany陪伴。follow跟随。assault袭击。approve批准，赞成。adapt使适应，改编。
3. Structurally, the inside of early Christian churches was quite simple.
A. layout
B. design
C. interior
D. content【答案】C【解析】inside里面，内部。interior内部。layout规划。design设计。content内容。
4. The organization provides information on health issue to the public at large.
A. at length
B. in general
C. in detail
D. in brief【答案】C【解析】at large详尽。in detail详细地。at length最后。in general通常，大体上。in brief简单扼要地。
5. The biggest computer company in Silicon Valley has laid off hundreds of people during the last few years.
A. declined
B. detached
C. dismissed
D. dispersed【答案】C【解析】lay off解雇，停止工作。dismiss解职，让离开，开除。decline拒绝，衰落。detach分开。disperse使分散，疏散。
6. Victory and accompanying prosperity muted memories of the Great Depression and made him a national hero.
A. transpire
B. upbraid
C. muffle
D. twist【答案】C【解析】mute减弱…的声音。muffle压抑（声音）。transpire蒸发。upbraid责备。twist扭弯，扭曲。
7. This book is essential to anyone interested in space exploration
A. dispensable
B. indisputable
C. indispensable
D. disputable【答案】C【解析】essential基本的，本质的。indispensable不可缺少的，必要的。dispensable可有可无的。indisputable明白的，无争论之余地的。disputable真假可疑的，有讨论余地的。
8. It is also believed that these steroids could be used to treat disorders such as acute anxiety and pre-menstrual syndrome.
A. enmity
B. symptom
C. adversity
D. plaintiff【答案】B【解析】syndrome综合病症。symptom症状。enmity敌意，憎恨。adversity不幸，灾祸。plaintiff原告。
9. If that desk is at least 100 years old, it is an authentic antique and valuable.
A. real
B. ancient
C. eminent
D. obsolete【答案】A【解析】authentic，真实的，真正的，可信的。real真的。ancient远古的，旧的。eminent显赫的，杰出的。obsolete荒废的，陈旧的。
10. Her best-known paintings are those in which she magnified flowers or animal skulls to fill the picture.
A. dissected
B. duplicated
C. glorified
D. enlarged【答案】D【解析】magnify放大，扩大。enlarge与之同义。dissect解剖。duplicate复制，使加倍。glorify使更壮丽，赞扬。Section B
Directions: In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.
11. “Better late than never” is a ______ that is very familiar to most English speakers.
A. plaudit
B. platitude
C. plenty
D. plenary【答案】B【解析】platitude老生常谈，陈词滥调。plaudit喝彩。plenty丰富，大量。plenary（权力）无限的，充分的，完全的。
12. Scarcely had the boat reached the open water ______ it encountered high winds and heavy seas.
A. than
B. as
C. when
D. since【答案】C【解析】scarcely/ hardly … when一…就。此句型中，when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，即had scarcely/ hardly done。在此句中，scarcely放句首，主句则需部分倒装，故had提前。
13. Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, ______.
A. only differs in degree
B. only in degree it differs
C. differing only in degree
D. and differing in degree only【答案】C【解析】此处动词ing形式表示伴随。
14. Hardly anything ______ more than happiness of seeing someone using his device for treatment.
A. please him
B. does please him
C. does him please
D. pleases him【答案】D【解析】anything是不定代词，其动词应为第三人称单数。does please him一般带有强调语气，表示“确实让他高兴”，该意在此处不合适。故选D。
15. The tree, the branches ______ are almost bare, is a very old one.
A. of which
B. in which
C. for which
D. with which【答案】A【解析】of which引导一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词为the trees。of表示所有格关系，即the branches of the trees。
16.The car in front ______ suddenly at the traffic light.
A. pulled in
B. pulled into
C. pulled up
D. pulled through【答案】C【解析】pull up停下。pull in进站，靠岸。pull through度过难关，恢复健康。
17. The unruly crowd became even more ______ when the negotiator tried to quiet them.
A. boisterous
B. bombastic
C. boorish
D. bloated【答案】A【解析】boisterous狂暴的，喧闹的。bombastic夸大的，言过其实的。boorish乡土气的，粗鄙的。bloated浮肿的，发胀的。unruly蛮横的，难驾驭的。
18. In most cases politicians are ______ as they seldom tell the truth.
A. credible
B. incredulous
C. credulous
D. incredible【答案】D【解析】incredible可疑的，难以置信的。credible可信的，可靠的。incredulous 怀疑的，不轻信的。credulous轻信的。
19. We don’t think it is a good habit for Tom to ______ in affairs that are of no concern to him.
A. impart
B. ponder
C. abound
D. meddle【答案】D【解析】meddle in 干预，管闲事。impart给予，告知，透露；是及物动词，后面直接加名词作宾语。ponder沉思，考虑；后一般接介词on。abound in富于。
20. To get my travelers’ cheques I had to ______ a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.
A. make for
B. make off
C. make out
D. make over【答案】C【解析】make out填写。make for有利于，倾向于。make off离开，（尤指做错事后）匆匆离开。make over（尤指以法律形式）转让，移交，改造。
II. Reading Comprehension (35 minutes, 30 points)
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Text 1
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools; computer advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
21. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is ______.
A. far-reaching
B. dubiously oriented
C. self-contradictory
D. radically reformatory
22. The belief that education is indispensable to all children ______.
A. is indicative of a pessimism in disguise
B. came into being along with the arrival of computers
C. is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-education advocates
D. originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries
23. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author’s country the European model of professional training is ______.
A. dependent upon the starting age of candidates
B. worth trying in various social sections
C. of little practical value
D. attractive to ever kind of professional
24.According to the author, basic computer skills should be ______.
A. included as an auxiliary course in school
B. highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications
C. mastered through a life-long course
D. equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise
25. The word presumptuous in the third paragraph means ______.
A. self-assured
B. confident
C. insolent
D. arrogant【答案与解析】
21.B 第一段指出，人们主张进行计算机课堂教学的理由分两种不同的理由，一是学生的career prospects，二是radical educational reform。之后在第二段作者又提到Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons，即人们将计算机引入课堂时是混淆了这两种目的了的，最后，在文章末尾作者总结说办学目的不明确对学校都是无益的。故可知，作者认为现今将计算机引入课堂的潮流实际上目标不明确（dubiously oriented），故B项符合。A项意为“意义深远的”。C项意为“自相矛盾的”。
22.D 文章第二段指出，With optimism characteristic all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated，即“由于具有工业化国家的乐观主义特性，我们开始接受人人都适合接受教育的观念。”故D项符合。
23.C 文章倒数第二段最后一句指出，对作者他们这么大的一个国家来说，this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional，其中this指的是欧洲式的职业教育，这句话即是说这种做法很难培养出所需要的各类专业人员，也就是对现实没法带来什么益处，故C项符合。
24.A 文章最后一段倒数第二句提到在学校教育中计算机技能只能作为complementary，即辅助技能。A项中，auxiliary意为“辅助的”，故A项符合。
25.C 该句指出，不应该认为有那么多的工作在等着同样多的科学家、商人、会计去做，这种想法无疑是有点自以为是的。故presumptuous意思应为“自以为是的”。A项，self-assured意思为“有自信的”，B项，confident意思为“自信的”，C项，insolent意思为“目空一切的”，D项，arrogant意思为“傲慢的”，故C项符合。Text 2
Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though valid for the science. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goal. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso’s painting Guemica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, rather than transcend that form.
This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field; the composer Monteverdi who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has no bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart’s ‘The Marriage of Figaro’ (费加罗的婚礼) is surely among the master-pieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his composition reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits of the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach, in strikingly original ways.
26. According to the author, distinctions between those engaged in the creative arts and in natural sciences can in part be explained by ______.
A. the different objectives of those involved in their respective pursuits
B. the different methods they employ in the collection of data to support their theories
C. the different ways in which they attempt to extend accepted conventional forms
D. the different principles of organization that they utilize in order to create new works
27. Why does the author suggest that the work of Beethoven was highly creative?
A. Because he sought to become the only composer of his time to challenge accepted musical conventions.
B. Because he adopted a new principle of organization in his work by utilizing innovative strategies
C. Because he creatively manipulated the accepted rules and forms governing musical composition
D. Because he synthesized a transition between the older stylistic convention and the newer musical form
28. The passage implies that an original contribution in science is one that ______.
A. is often quoted in the work of other scientists
B. is careful not to make a value judgment about the use of data
C. is applauded by all distinguished experimentalists
D. generates a novel and well-founded generalization
29. Which of the following would most likely follow the final sentence of the passage?
A. In the similar manner, several modern composers successfully established musical conventions.
B. Similarly, the succeeding generation of composers manipulated accepted musical forms.
C. In contrast to Beethoven, however, even great modern composers like Bela Bertok did not attempt to alter accepted musical conventions.
D. Musicologists are continuing to study the compositional styles of composers in order to determine whether their contributions have been innovative.【答案与解析】
26.A 文章第一段中提到Differences …arise in part from a difference in their goal，即艺术与科学的不同在于目标的不同，A项中objective意为“目标，目的”，故A项符合。
27.C 作者在最后一段中评价贝多芬是an incomparable strategist who exploited limits of the rules, forms, and conventions，即很有策略地开发运用了那些以往的规则、形式。C项，“因为他富有创造性地利用了那些已被接受的规则形式”，故C项符合。
28.D 作者在第一段提到，对于Innovative Science 来说，它能将diverse phenomena 融合起来，能够很合理很好地解释归纳data，故D项，“概括出一种新的，有事实根据的理论”符合题意。
29.B 文章第二段讲的是大部分情况下，一种具有很高的美学价值的音乐并不是产生于新原则的建立，而是产生于原有原则规则的基础上的。作者便以Beethoven为例来论证自己观点。故文章接下去应该跟此观点保持一致，故B项符合。Text 3
Reforming the Social Security retirement program is an issue of enormous practical importance. Yet it remains the missing piece in American policy analysis. At a time when the Congress and the Administration are considering ways to reform welfare, Medicare, Medicaid, and the income tax, elected officials are still unwilling to confront the serious problems of our Social Security system. Eventually, however, its deteriorating financial condition will force major reforms. Whether those reforms are good or bad, whether they deal with the basic economic problems of the system or merely protect the solvency of existing institutional arrangements will depend in part on whether we, as economists, provide the appropriate intellectual framework for analyzing reform alternatives.
Major policy changes that affect the public at large can only happen in our democracy, when there is widespread public support for the new direction of policy. In the field of economics, the views of the media, of other private-sector opinion leaders, and of politicians and their advisers, depend very much on their perception of what economists believe feasible and correct. Fundamental policy reforms in a complex area like social security also require the development of technical expertise, both in and out of government, about the options for change and their likely consequences. Fortunately, an expanding group of economists is now thinking and writing about social security reform. My remarks today greatly benefit from what they have written and from my conversations with many of them.
I began to do my research on the effects of Social Security reform nearly 25 years ago (Feldstein, 1974, 1975). A central concept in my analysis of Social Security has been the notion of “Social Security wealth,” which I defined as the present actuarial value of the Social Security benefits to which the current adult population will be entitled at age 65 (or are already entitled to if they are older than 65) minus the present actuarial value of the Social Security taxes that they will pay before reaching that age. Social Security wealth has now grown to about $11 trillion or more than 1.5 times GDP. Since this is equivalent to more than $50, 000 for every adult in the country, the value of Social Security wealth substantially exceeds all other assets for the vast majority of American households. In the aggregate, Social Security wealth exceeds three-fourths of all private financial wealth, as conventionally measured.
Social Security wealth is of course not real wealth but only a claim on current and future taxpayers. Instead of labeling this key magnitude “Social Security wealth,” I could have called it the nation’s “Social Security liability.” Like ordinary government debt, Social Security wealth has the power to crowd out private capital accumulation, and Social Security wealth will continue to grow as long as our current system remains unchanged, displacing an ever larger stock of capital.
The $11 trillion Social Security liability is three times as large as the official national debt. Although I certainly welcome the current political efforts to shrink future budget deficits, it is worth noting that, even if the traditional deficit is eliminated in the year 2002, so that the national debt is then no longer increasing, the national debt in the form of the Social Security liability is likely to increase that year by about $300 billion.
Looking further into the future, the aggregate Social Security liability will grow as the population expands, as it becomes relatively older, and as income rises. Government actuaries predict that, under existing law, the tax rate required to pay each year’s Social Security benefit will rise over the next 50 years from the present level of slightly less than 12 percent to more than 18 percent, and perhaps to as much as 23 percent.
30. The deterioration financial condition referred to was caused by ______.
A. a poor economic approach to the Social Security retirement program
B. the reform of welfare in the Social Security retirement program
C. major policy changes in the Social Security retirement program
D. government debt in the Social Security retirement program
31.In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “alternatives” refers to ______.
A. courses
B. thoughts
C. people
D. occasions
32. According to the author, major policy changes can only happen in ______.
A. social security wealth in the United States
B. democratic countries
C. a country where and when opinion upholds change
D. all of the above
33. In paragraph three; the name and the dates between parentheses ______.
A. are a question of personal style
B. represent vital new information
C. identify the author
D. refer to a different author
34.The definition of Social Security wealth ______.
A. applies to the benefits payable before age 65
B. does not apply to benefits after age 65
C. includes the present actuarial value paid before age 65
D. was formulated two and a half decade ago
35. Rather than wealth, this key magnitude may be construed as a liability because ______.
A. it has now grown to $11 trillion
B. it is equivalent to more than $50,000 for every adult in the
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