作者：王玉梅
出版社：西安交通大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
新东方Toefl词汇试读：
前言
本书自2001年初版以来，历经数次修订、改版，是目前最贴近TOEFL 考试、复习TOEFL词汇最有效的词汇书之一。本书以TOEFL试题和官方指南为统计基础，根据最新的考试趋势，结合TOEFL考试的出题规律，精选出TOEFL考试核心词汇。为方便记忆，本书将所有词汇分成40个Word List,根据毎个单词历次考过的词性及中文意思，给出释义、同义词及该词在考试中出现的频率。本书特色
1. 针对性
英文单词往往存在一词多义、一词多用的现象，要想在短时间内突破TOEFL考试，就没有必要在与考试无关的词汇及释义上浪费过多的时间与精力。本书将历次考试中出现过的、频率较高的词汇进行整合，便于考生将有限的复习时间集中于高频词汇，真正做到有的放矢。
2. 权威性
经广大考生使用后反馈，本书所收录的词汇大约有90%在TOEFL考试中重复出现。这么高的命中率源自编者对于TOEFL考试的深入研究及采用了科学的选词方法，牢牢把握了TOEFL考试的脉搏。考生掌握了本书的词汇，应对TOEFL考试将更加游刃有余。
3. 实用性
本书收录大量的同义词和派生词，帮助考生更加有效地了解单词的“亲朋好友”，实现联想记忆，从而记得更快更牢。书中还给出大量简单易懂的例句，便于考生在学习时通过语境精确理解词义。如何更好地使用本书？
1. 首先牢记书后附录二（常用不规则动词表），这是TOEFL阅读的基础。
2. 从Word List 1开始，首先记忆考试频率高的单词及释义，尤其对于一些时间紧迫的考生，可达事半功倍之效。
对认识的单词千万不要大意，考生所掌握的释义可能是比较常见之义，但TOEFL中考过几次的可能都是另外一个意思，那等于还是不认识这个单词。如：clutch,大部分词汇书均解释成：vt. 抓住； vi. 掌握，攫。但它曾在TOEFL中考过两次，都是： n. 一次产（或孵）的蛋（或卵）。又如mold一词，大部分词汇书均释义为：vt. 塑造。其实此词考得最多的释义为： n. 1. 模子；铸型（12次）；2. 霉菌（1次)。
3. 对于复习时间紧迫的考生，必须熟记每个Word List中每个单词斜体的同义词（在阅读中曾考过的同义词）。
4. 快速记忆同义词：附录一收录了所有最近考过的同义词。考前应在心中默记数遍，做到滚瓜烂熟。这部分词汇及其中文释义都能在正文40个Word List中找到。
承蒙新东方俞敏洪老师对本书做了大量的指导工作，才有本书。感谢新东方大愚文化编辑老师们的辛苦工作，提出了大量的改版建议，尽力完善本书。
最后，祝愿所有不甘平庸、奋战TOEFL的考生，每一分努力终将有一份回报。当夜深人静、精疲力竭之时，让我们告诉自己要坚持。因为我们深信：挑战极限，追求卓越，人生终将辉煌！王玉梅
背单词的方法
一、翔实的计划，合理的任务量合理有效的学习计划，能够帮助考生科学安排时间、监督和检测自己的学习进度和效果。比如，早上睡醒之后马上花1小时背1个List,中午花1小时复习，晚上入睡前再花1小时复习。不要在一个时间段里过多的任务，集中性地记忆单词，其效果往往不如分开多次进行记忆的效果好。二、抗遗忘的复习
艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线得出:短时间内记忆的东西不经过复习很容易遗忘，在记忆的最初阶段遗忘得最快。记忆已理解的东西比记忆无意义的东西效率更高，遗忘率更低。也就是说，切忌死记硬背, 需要先理解单词并合理拆分进行记忆，并且要经常复习。三、通过声音加深印象并进行联想
声音的刺激，能够帮助大脑更好地记忆。在背单词的时候，可以大声念出单词，或通过听录音来实现。在记忆的时候还要进行合理的联想，把单词与其派生词、形近词进行联想记忆，加深印象。四、词根、词缀实现举一反三记忆单词
英文单词中的词根、词缀就如同中的偏旁部首，掌握常见的词根、同缀，即可以此为展记忆海量单词。遇到不认识的单词时，可以先分析实词根、词缀，回忆以前学过的相关单词，既复习了原先学过的单词，又加深了对当下所学单词的印象。五、通过语境进行学习
除了书中提供的例句外，还要善于利用TOEFL阅读和听力试题。在做题时碰到背过的单词，结合上下文语境，不仅能更加准确地理解单词及其用法，还能深化学习效果。
对于准备在短时间内通过考试的考生们来说，迅速扩大词汇理想分数的关键。希望各位考生通过以上的方法，能够攻克词汇大关，从而在TOEFL考试中取得优异的成绩，实现出国留学的梦想！
Word List 1
abandon ［ə'bændən］vt. 抛弃（地位)；放弃（家园等）〈13次〉【同】forsake, desert, give up
The baby was abandoned by his teenage mother.
n. 放纵，沉溺于【同】unrestraint
The guests at the party danced with abandon.
* abandoned ［ə'bændənd］a. 被抛弃的；废置的〈5次〉【同】empty, desertedabbreviate ［ə'bri:vieit］vt. 缩写；缩写词〈1次〉【同】shorten, cut
The editor abbreviated the novel for young readers.
* abbreviation ［ə'bri:vieiʃ(ə)n］ n. 缩写；缩写词〈1次〉abide ［ə'baid］
vi. 遵守abide by【同】follow, comply with, observe
Players have to abide by the referee's decision.
vt. 忍受【同】endure, put up with, bear, tolerate
Many people can't abide the smell of cheap cigars.
* abiding ［ə'baidiŋ］ a. 持久的〈1次〉【同】enduringability ［ə'biləti］n. 能力，才干〈95次〉【同】capacity, skill
* inability ［inə'biləti］n. 无能，无力〈5次〉
* capability ［keipə'biləti］n. (实际）能力，性能；容量〈8次〉
* variability ［veəriə'biləti］n. 可变性〈4次〉
* viability ［ˌvaiə'biləti］n. 生存能力；可行性〈2次〉ablaze ［ə'bleiz］a. 闪耀的；燃烧的〈1次〉【同】radiant, bright; burning
After the firewood was ablaze. we felt warm.【记】a + blaze （火焰）
* blazing ［'bleiziŋ］a. 炽烧的，闪耀的〈2次〉abnormal ［æb'nɔːm(ə)l］a. 反常的，异常的；变态的〈34次〉【同】anomalous; unusual
Warm weather in December is very abnormal in Beijing.【记】ab（不）+norm（标准）+al→不标准的→反常的
* normal ［'nɔ:m(ə)l］a. 正常的，正规的；标准的〈31次〉abolish ［ə'bɔli∫］vt. 废除，取消〈1次〉【同】eliminate, annul
Slavery was abolished in the United States after the Civil War.
* abolition ［æbə'liʃ(ə)n］n. 废除，革除〈2次〉
* abolitionist ［ˌæbə'li∫ənist］n. 废奴主义者〈2次〉abort ［ə'bɔ:t］n. 中止计划（或任务）〈1次〉【同】stop
The minister ordered a gener a abort in stamp production when he learned there was a mistake on the newly issued stamp.abound ［ə'baund］vi. 充满；富于abound in 〈3次〉【同】be full of, be plentiful, be abundant
Deer and rabbits abound in this forest.abrasion ［ə'breiʒ(ə)n］n. 磨（或擦）破；表面磨损〈1次〉【同】scratch; friction
She fell and suffered an abrasion on her left hand.
* abrasive ［ə'breisiv］a. 研磨的〈2次〉abrupt ［ə'brʌpt］a. 突然的，意外的〈3次〉【同】sudden，unforeseen
It was shocking for every one to learn David's abrupt deathabsenteeism ［ˌæbsən'tiːizm］n. 旷课；旷工〈1次〉
The rate of absenteeism at this school is so high that punishments were introduced for nonattendance.
* absent ［'æbsənt］a. 缺少的；不在的，缺席的〈11次〉【同】missing; not present
* absence ［'æbsəns］n. 缺乏，没有；不在，缺席〈14次〉
* absentee ［ˌæbsən'ti:］n. 缺席者absolute ［'æbsəlu:t］a. 完全的；绝对的〈11次〉【同】utter, complete, definite
The captain of a ship has the absolute right to jettison （抛弃）cargo when necessary.【记】ab + solute（溶解的）→不溶解的→不能变的→绝对的absorb ［əb'sɔ:b］vt. 吸收（液体等）；吸取（知识等）〈33次〉【同】take in, receive
Most of living things absorb oxygen from the air.【记】ab(off) + sorb(to suck up吸吮）→吸收；吸取
* absorption ［əb'sɔ:p∫(ə)n］n. 吸收〈1次〉【同】assimilation, receptionabstract ［'æbstrækt］
a. 抽象的〈24次〉【同】theoretical
His abstract ideas were not easily understood by many people.
n. 摘要，提炼【同】summary
The abstract of the conference last week was distributed before the meeting to all the members.
* abstraction ［æb'stræk∫(ə)n］n. 抽象概念〈2次〉【同】concept, ideaabsurd ［əb'sə:d］a. 荒谬的，可笑的〈2次〉【同】preposterous, ridiculous, foolish
It is absurd to wear a coat at the swimming pool.【记】ab + surd（笨）→笨的，怪诞的→荒谬的，可笑的abundant ［ə'bʌndənt］a. 丰富的，充裕的；大量的〈37次〉【同】plentiful, profuse
An abundant number of complaints disturbed the telephone company.【记】ab + und （波浪）+ ant →像波浪一样起伏→丰富的；大量的；（和abound ［富于］一起记）
* abundance ［ə'bʌndəns］n. 丰富，充裕〈21次〉【同】，profusion, richnessabuse ［ə'bju:s］n. (权利等的)滥用；（物品的)不精心使用；虐待（人）〈1次〉【同】misuse
An abuse of authority by the leader led to a few disagreements in the committee.【记】 ab(away) + use（使用）→滥用abut ［ə'bʌt］vi 邻接，毗邻 abut to 〈1次〉【同】adjoin, be close to
The library abuts to the old museum.academic ［ˌækə'demik］a. 学术的；学院的；理论的〈17次〉【同】scholarly; collegiate; theoretical
Like other academic disciplines, sociology has several major subdisciplines.
* academician ［ˌəkædə'mi∫(ə)n］n. 学会会员；院士，学者〈2次〉accelerate ［æk'seləreit］v. 加快，加速〈5次〉【同】speed up, hasten, increase
Heat is commonly the best way to accelerate the chemical reaction process.【记】ac(to) + celer（速度）+ ate（动词词尾）→加速
* acceleration ［ækˌselə'rei∫ən］n. 加速度〈5次〉
* decelerate ［ˌdi:'seləreit］v. (使)减速〈1次〉access ［'ækses］
n./v. 接触，接近（的机会）〈14次〉【同】approach
Students must have access to a good teacher.
n. 入口，通道 〈3次〉【同】entrance, entry
The only access into this building is through the front door.【记】ac + cess（走)→走过去→通道
* accessible ［ək'sesb(ə)l］a. 可接近的；可得到的〈14次〉【同】available,reachable,approachable; attainable
* accessory ［æk'sesəri］n. 附件，零件〈3次〉accidental ［ˌæksi'dent(ə)l］a. 意外的，偶然的〈2次〉【同】unexpected, unforeseen
The accidental encounter with an old friend, whom he hadn't seen in two years, made him very excited
* accidentally ［ˌæksi'dentəli］ad. 偶然地，意外地〈4次〉【同】inadvertently, by chance
* accident ［'æksidənt］n. 意外事件，事故〈7次〉acclaim ［ə'kleim］
n. 赞誉，赞许〈5次〉【同】recognition,praise
The new book of the best-selling author greeted with great acclaim.
vt. 喝彩，欢呼；称赞〈2次〉【同】hail, applaud
Spectators acclaimed the winner of the competition.【记】ac+ claim < clam （叫喊）→不断叫喊→欢呼accompany ［ə'kʌmpəni］vt. 陪伴，陪同；伴奏be accompanied by次〈17次〉【同】travel with, be associated with
She was accompanied by her son.
* accompanying ［ə'kʌmpəniŋ］a. 陪伴的，附随的〈4次〉【同】attendant
* accompaniment ［ə'kʌmpənimənt］n. 伴奏〈4次〉accomplish ［ə'kʌmpliʃ］vt. 完成，达到，实现〈6次〉【同】achieve
To accomplish your plans to study abroad in US, you must first take the TOEFL.
* accomplishment ［ə'kɔmpli∫mənt］n. 成就〈9次〉【同】achievement, fulfillment
* accomplished ［ə'kɔmpli∫t］a.精通的，熟练的〈4次〉【同】skilled, experiencedaccordion ［ə'kɔ:diən］n. 手风琴〈4次〉account ［ə'kaunt］n. 〈27次〉
①记述；说明，解释【同】report; description
She wrote an account of all her travels in Europe in her diary.
②户头；账目
The new law requires a personal ID to open an account at a bank.
* on account of 由于…，因为…〈1次〉【同】because of, due to
* take account of 考虑到；体谅〈1次〉
* take into account 重视；考虑〈1次〉
* account (vi.) for解释〈15次〉【同】explain
He accounted for the missing items as lost.
* accounting ［ə'kauntiŋ］n. 会计学〈7次〉
* accountant ［ə'kauntənt］n. 会计（员），会计师〈3次〉accredit ［ə'kredit］vt. 委派；授权〈1次〉【同】authorize, commission
The President accredited Mr. Bob as his representative.accumulate ［ə'kju:mjuleit］vi.堆积，积聚；积累〈22次〉【同】pile up, collect
Dust soon accumulates if a library is not cleaned daily.【记】ac + cumul（堆积）+ ate →再堆积→积累
* accumulation ［əˌkju:mju'lei∫(ə)n］n. 积聚〈5次〉【同】accretion, concentrationaccurate ［'ækjurət］a. 准确的，正确的〈28次〉【同】precise, correct
Her report is accurate and well written.
* accuracy ［'ækjurəsi］n. 精确性，正确度〈6次〉accuse ［ə'kju:z］vt. 指责，归咎〈1次〉【同】blame, condemn
Janet's boyfriend accused her of lying.
* accusation ［ˌækju'zei∫(ə)n］n. 谴责；控告〈1次〉【同】indictment, chargeaccustomed ［ə'kʌstəmd］a. 习惯了的accustomed to 〈4次〉【同】habitual to, used to
It took me a long time to get accustomed to the fast food in America.achieve ［ə't∫i:v］vt. 完成，实现〈48次〉【同】win, accomplish, fulfill
Bob achieved his dream of marrying Miss Mary.
* achievement ［ə't∫i:vmənt］n. 成就，功绩〈18次〉【同】feat, accomplishmentacid ［'æsid］
n. 酸〈22次〉
a. ①酸的〈6次〉【同】sour, tart
Vinegar has a strong acid taste.
②尖酸的，刻薄的【同】harsh, tart
She made some acid comments about his writing.
* acidic ［ə'sidik］a. 酸的；酸性的〈7次〉
* acidity ［ə'sidəti］n. 酸度，酸性〈1次〉acquaint ［ə'kweint］vt. 熟悉；使了解acquaint with 〈3次〉【同】inform about
The little child tried best to acquaint himself with this new school.
* acquaintance ［ə'kweintəns］n. 熟人〈2次〉【记】ac(to)+ quaint(to know) + ance（名词词尾)acquisition ［ˌækwi'zi∫(ə)n］n. 获得；得到的人（或东西）〈5次〉【同】acquirement, attainment
This car is his latest acquisition.【记】 ac + quisit（得到)+ ion→获得；得到的人（或东西)
* acquire ［ə'kwaiə］vt. 获得；学到 〈48次〉【同】obtain, secureacronym ［'ækrənim］n. 用大写字母表示的缩写词〈2次〉【同】abbreviation
AIDS is an acronym for the Acquired Imnume Deficiency Syndromeactually ［'ækt∫uəli］ad. 实际上，事实上〈36次〉【同】truly, in fact, really, in reality
She was surprised that her kids actually cleaned their rooms.
* actual ［'æktʃuəl］a. 实际的，现行的〈20次〉【同】true, real
* activate ［'æktiveit］vt. 刺激，使活动 〈4次〉【同】encourage, stimulate
* actuate ［'æktjueit］vt. 开动；促使【同】set in motion, motivate
* actively ［'æktivli］ad. 活跃地，积极地【同】energetically, vigorouslyacute ［ə'kju:t］a.
①灵敏的，敏锐的〈6次〉【同】keen, penetrating
Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people do.
②(事情）剧烈的；很严重的〈3次〉【同】intense; critical, severe
There is an acute shortage of water.【记】acu（尖) + te→尖锐的，敏锐的
* acumen ［'ækjumen,ə'kju:mən］n. 敏锐；聪明〈1次〉【同】acuteness, insightadapt ［ə'dæpt］v. (使)适应，调整；改编〈47次〉【同】adjust, modify
After moving to Harbin, Janet adapted to the cold weather.【记】ad(to) + apt(to fit适应）
* adaptation ［ˌædæp'tei∫(ə)n］n. 改编，改写；适应环境〈22次〉【同】modification, adjustment
* adaptable ［ə'dæptəb(ə)l］a. 能适应的，适应性强的〈4次〉【同】flexible, pliant
(以上三个词adapt, adaptation, adaptable都与动物进化有关）
* adaptive ［ə'dæptiv］a. ①适应的〈4次〉②适合的〈2次〉
Plant behaviour is often adaptive—some turn their leaves towards the sun, while others clamp down on insects, preventing their escape.addict ［ə'dikt］
vt. 使沉溺，使上瘾be addicted to 〈1次〉【同】indulge in, be devoted to Realizing that she was addicted to cigarettes, Janet decided to quit.
n. 上瘾者
The drug addict was required to get medical help.
* addictive ［ə'diktiv］a. (使人）上瘾的〈1次〉additive ［ə'ditiv］
n. 添加剂〈8次〉【同】addition, supplement
The scientists had to use certain additives to make the drug more powerful.
a. 加法的〈7次〉
* additional ［ə'diʃən(ə)l］a.另外的，附加的，额外的〈27次〉【同】further, extra
* in addition to 除…之外〈23次〉adept ［ə'dept］a. 熟练的，擅长的〈2次〉【同】competent, skilled
Mr. Bao is known to be an adept surgeon.adequate ［'ædikwət］a. 足够的，充足的〈31次〉【同】sufficient, enough
I bought four bottles of water for our camping trip and I hope it is udequate.adhere ［əd'hiə(r)］vi. 〈5次〉
①黏附，黏牢【同】stick, cling
Mud adheres to your shoes.
②追随；坚持【同】follow
In China, many people adhere to Confucis' teaching.【记】ad +here （黏附）→黏附
* adhesive ［əd'hi:siv］
n. 黏着物〈3次〉【同】glue, paste
Glue is an adhesive.
a. 黏着的〈1次〉【同】sticky, glutinous
I used adhesive tape to stick, a note on the door.adjacent ［ə'ʤeisənt］a. 毗连的，邻近的〈5次〉【同】neighboring, nearby
The house adjacent to ours was sold, so we have new neighbor.【记】ad + jacent (to lie躺）→躺在附近→邻近的adjoin ［ə'ʤɔin］vt. 相邻，毗连【同】be next to, border on
The bathroom adjoins the bedroom.adjunct ［'æʤʌŋkt］n. 附件，附厲；辅助物〈2次〉【同】addition, accessory
I hoped that I would find the computer course a useful adjunct to my other studiesadjust ［ə'ʤʌst］vt. 调整；使适于〈23次〉【同】adapt, regulate
It took Janet More than half a year to the new business after she changed her job.administer ［əd'ministə(r)］vt. 管理〈8次〉【同】manage, govern
The pension hinds are administered by commercial banks in this country.administration ［ədˌmini'streiʃ(ə)n］n. 〈21次〉
①管理，经营【同】management, supervision
Who is in charge of the administration of your company?
②当局，政府
The Bush administration decided to cut tax.
* administrative ［əd'ministreitiv］a.管理的；行政的〈3次〉
* administrator ［əd'ministreitə(r)］n. 管理者；行政官〈5次〉admire ［əd'maiə(r)］vt. 钦佩，崇拜；欣赏〈14次〉【同】esteem, appreciate, think highly
I admire how well she speaks English.
* admiration ［ˌædmə'rei∫n］n. 钦佩；赞美〈2次〉The man is the richest whose pleasure are the cheapest.能处处寻求快乐的人才是最富有的人。
Word List 2
admit ［əd'mit］vt.①准许，接纳admit to〈3次〉【同】give access to, allow entrance to
He was admitted to the bar association.
②承认 〈3次〉【同】acknowledge, accept
She admitted that she made a mistake.
* admittedly ［əd'mitidli］ad. 公认地；诚然，无可否认地〈1次〉【同】doubtlessly, surely
The work is very interesting. Admittedly, I do get rather tired.adobe ［ə'dəubi,ə'dəub］n. 泥砖，土坯〈10次〉【同】clay, brick
Adobe is a type of brick made of clay baked in the sun.adopt ［ə'dɔpt］vt.
①采用，釆纳〈21次〉【同】accept, take on
The company adopted new policies regarding maternity leave.
②收养〈2次〉【同】raise
The Browns adopted the baby when she was just three months old.adorn ［ə'dɔ:n］vt. 装饰〈7次〉【同】decorate, embellish, ornament
She adorned her hair with flowers.
* unadorned ［ˌʌnə'dɔːrnd］a. 未装饰的，朴实的〈2次〉【同】plain, unembellishedadvance ［əd'væns］vt. 〈12次〉
①提高，发展；提升【同】further, progress
We have advanced greatly our knowledge of the universe.
②提出【同】propose, suggest
A working plan was advanced by Janet.
③前进【同】proceed, move forward
The fire advanced steadily through the forest.
n. 前进，进步 〈38次〉【同】improvement, progress
Recent advances in medical science mean that this illness can now be cured.
* in advance 预先，提前〈19次〉【同】ahead of time
* advanced ［əd'vænst］a. 高级的；年老的；先进的〈34次〉advent ［'ædvənt］n. (尤指不寻常的人或事）出现，到来〈8次〉【同】coming, arrival, appearance
The advent of e-mail revolutionized communication.【记】ad +vent（到来）adventure ［əd'ventʃə(r)］n. 冒险经历〈5次〉【同】risk, venture
Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we became lost.
* adventurous ［əd'vent∫ərəs］a. 喜欢冒险的，敢作敢为的〈2次〉【同】valiant, venturesome
* adventurer ［əd'vent∫ərə(r)］n. 冒险家〈1次〉adverse ［'ædvə:s］a.
①负面的，不利的〈7次〉【同】ill, negative, detrimental
The adverse effects from this medicine were minimal.
②敌对的，相反的〈2次〉【同】hostile, antagonistic
Both candidates suffered adverse criticism in the newspapers.
* adversity ［əd'və:siti］n. 不幸，灾难〈1次〉【同】misfortune, mishapadvocate
n. ［'ædvəkət］ 提倡者，主张者〈9次〉【同】champion, proponent
The Wildlife Fund is a strong advocate of the campaign to save dolphins from unnecessary death.
vt. ［'ædvəkeit］ 拥护，主张〈8次〉【同】urge, preach, support
Some people advocated limiting the number of cars on the main road.aesthetic ［i:s'θetik］a. 美学的，审美的〈12次〉【同】artistic
The new building has little aesthetic value, but can handle a lot of people.
* anesthetic ［ˌænəs'θetik］n. 麻醉剂〈1次〉affection ［ə'fekʃ(ə)n］n. 友爱，挚爱；情爱〈7次〉【同】fondness, love
Janet felt a great affection for her parents.
* affective ［ə'fektiv］a. 感情的，表达感情的〈2次〉【同】sentimental
* affectionate ［ə'fek∫ənət］a. 亲爱的，挚爱的〈1次〉【同】loving
Janet gave her mother an affectionate hug.affiliate ［ə'filieit］vt. 使隶属；接纳为成员〈2次〉【同】associate; incorporate
The hospital is affiliated with that university.【记】af + fili（儿子）+ ate → 成为儿子→接纳为成员affinity ［ə'finiti］n.
①紧密关系〈1次〉【同】connection, relationship
The German and Dutch languages have many affinities.
②吸引；喜爱【同】attraction; liking
Many girls have a strong affinity for chocolate candy.affirm ［ə'fə:m］vt. 断言；证实，确认〈1次〉【同】assert; confirm
She affirmed before the policeman that he was the one who stole her purse.afflict ［ə'flikt］vt. 折磨；使苦恼〈2次〉【同】plague, suffer, torment
The villagers in several mountainous areas are afflicted by the worst poverty in the nation.【记】af + flict（打击）→一再受到打击→折磨
* affliction ［ə'flik∫(ə)n］n. 痛苦，苦恼【同】problem, suffering, painafford ［ə'fɔ:d］vt. 〈45次〉
①付得起；冒险做【同】pay; risk
I was going to buy a diamond necklace as a birthday gift for Sally but couldn't afford it so I bought her an artificial one instead.
②提供【同】provide,give
Her seat afforded her a beautiful view of the stage.agenda ［ə'ʤendə］n. 日程，议程〈2次〉【同】schedule
My agenda is quite full for the whole week, so I can't make an appointment with you.aggravate ［'ægrəveit］vt. 使恶化，使加重【同】worsen, exacerbate
Mary aggravated her injuries by refusing treatment.【记】ag+grav（重）+ate→使加重
* aggravating ［'ægrəveitiŋ］a. 恼人的，讨厌的〈1次〉【同】irritating, annoyingaggregate ［'ægrigət］n.
①聚集体，集合体〈3次〉【同】combination
Society is an aggregate of individuals.
②总数【同】total, sum
The aggregate of all the gifts was over $700.【记】ag + greg（团体）+ ate→成为团体→集合体
* aggregation ［ˌægri'gei∫(ə)n］n. 集合，群体〈3次〉aggressive ［ə'gresiv］a.
①自信的；大胆的；积极进取的〈7次〉【同】enterprising, powerful
His victory was largely a result of his aggressive election campaign.
②好斗的，有敌意的〈4次〉【同】combative, hostile
The country made an aggressive attack on a neighboring nation.【记】ag（一再）+ gress（走）+ ive → 一再向前走→积极进取的
* aggressiveness ［ə'gresivnəs］n. 侵略；争斗〈2次〉agile ［'æʤail］a. 敏捷的，活泼轻快的〈1次〉【同】nimble, brisk
The agile kid climbed up the tree quickly.【记】ag（做）+ ile→能够做的→敏捷的
* fragile ［'fræʤail；(US)'frædʒl］a. 易碎的，脆的〈10次〉
* fragility ［frə'ʤiləti］n. 脆弱〈1次〉aging ［'eiʤiŋ］n. 老化，成熟的过程〈6次〉agitation ［ˌæʤi'tei∫(ə)n］n. 焦虑，不安；煽动〈2次〉【同】anxiety, disturbance
Because of her agitation over losing her job,she could not sleepagreeable ［ə'griːəb(ə)l］a.
①（指计划等)使人愉快的，合意的〈1次〉【同】pleasing, acceptable
The plan was agreeable to everyone but Mary.
②容易相处的〈1次〉【同】affable, friendly
Mr. Bao is an agreeable man with a kind smile.【记】agree（赞同）+able→表示同意的→合意的
* disagreeable ［ˌdisə'griːəbl］a. 不令人喜欢的，令人厌恶的〈3次〉ailment ［'eilmənt］n. 疾病（尤指轻症、小病）〈1次〉【同】sichness, disease, illness
A feeble body is always prone to minor ailmentsaim ［eim］
n. 目标，计划〈11次〉【同】objective, object, plan
His aim is to win this game, whatever it takes
vi. 针对；打算，意欲aim at 〈3次〉【同】direct towards
These advertisements arc specifically aimed at young people.air ［ɛə］
n. 空气；空中【同】atmosphere
vt. 晾干；使通风【同】ventilate, aerate
* airborne ［'eəbɔ:n］a. 空气传播的；空运的；空降的〈3次〉【同】aloft, flying, in the airairstream ［'eəstriːm］n. (与飞机前进方向相反的）气流〈4次〉ajar ［ə'ʤɑ:(r)］a. (门、窗等）微开的〈1次〉【同】half-open
We left the door ajar so that we could hear what they were saying.akin ［ə'kin］a. 同族的；类似的〈2次〉【同】related; similar
His tastes in music seem akin to mine.alchemist ［'ælkimist］n. 炼金术士，炼丹家〈9次〉alder ［'ɔ:ldə(r)］n. 桤木（一种植物木材，用于雕刻、制作家具等）〈33次〉alert ［ə'lə:t］
a. 机敏的〈4次〉【同】wary, vigilant
Although almost ninety years old, he was still active and alert.
vt. 警报；使随时掌握，了解〈5次〉【同】warn,alarm
Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with products and alert them to new opportunities.
n. 警戒，警报〈1次〉alien ［'eiliən］a. 相异的；陌生的〈4次〉【同】strange,unfamiliai
When I first went to New York, it all felt very alien to me.
* salient ［'seiliənt］a. 显著的，突出的〈1次〉alignment ［ə'lainmənt］n. 排列；联合，结盟〈2次〉【同】arrangeiment; association, alliance
Italy and Germany are alignment during World War II.alike ［ə'laik］a. 相同的，相似的〈16次〉【同】similar
The two dresses look alike in shape, length, and color.all but 几乎〈7次〉【同】almost, nearly
The game was all but over by the time we arrived.allegation ［ˌæli'gei∫n］n. 宣称，主张，断言〈1次〉
I thought their allegation unreasonable.allegory ［'æligəːri］n. 寓言〈2次〉【同】parable, fablealliteration ［əˌlitə'rei∫(ə)n］n. 头韵〈2次〉
“Sally sells seashells by the seashore.” is an example of alliteration.alloy
n. ［'ælɔi］ 合金〈13次〉【同】mixture
The factory used a special metal alloy for building light car parts.
vt. ［ɔ'lɔi］ 使成合金〈1次〉【同】mixallude ［ə'lu:d］vi.暗指，影射，间接提到allude to 〈1次〉【同】imply, refer to
He didn't mention your name, but we are sure he was alluding to you.ally
n. ［'ælai］ 联盟；同盟者〈1次〉【同】confederate, partner, collaborator
The two allies teamed up together to fight their enemies.
v. ［ə'lai］ 结盟【同】combine
I refused to ally myself to him.
* rally ［'ræli］n. 集会〈1次〉aloft ［ə'lɔft］ad. 在高处；在空中〈1次〉【同】airborne, inflight
The spacecraft stayed aloft for two weeks.alone ［ə'ləun］a./ad. 单独的/地〈32次〉【同】solitary, by oneself
He is not married and lives alone.aloof ［ə'lu:f］a. 远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的〈1次〉【同】separate, remote, indifferent
After he dropped out of school, the relationship between him and his friends became aloof.alter ［'ɔ:ltə(r)］vt. 改变，修改〈33次〉【同】modify, change, convert
The company will need to alter its business strategy to become more competitive next year.
* alteration ［ˌɔ:ltə'rei∫(ə)n］n. 变更，改造〈4次〉【同】renovation, changealternate
a. ［'ɔ:ltə:nət］〈6次〉
①交替的，轮流的【同】intermittent
Private cars are banned from the city on alternate days.
②替代的【同】alternate
If that company does not produce what we want, we can always find an alternate one that does.
vi ［'ɔːltəːneit］ 轮流，交替〈4次〉【同】fluctuate, rotate, turn
Her cheerfulness alternated with despair.
* alternately ［'ɔːltəːnətli］ad. 交替地，隔一个地〈2次〉【同】one after anotheralternative ［ɔ:l'tə:nətiv］
n./a. (两种或以上的东西中）另一可选的（事物），另外的（选择）〈19次〉【同】option, choice
I have no alternative but to ask you to leave.
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