作者：王风丽
出版社：人民邮电出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
物流专业英语(第2版)试读：
前言
物流专业人才已被列为我国12类紧缺人才之一。经济发展的大环境对物流专业人才的培养提出了新的要求——要与发达国家的物流发展接轨，与世界接轨。因此，物流专业学生必须具有良好的英语阅读、写作和表达能力。物流英语应该被列入物流专业学生的必修课程。同时，学习物流英语可以加强学生对物流基本理论、物流相关概念的理解与认识，提高学生在将来物流实践中英语交流的技能。
正是基于以上因素，我们根据高等院校学生的培养目标、要求及其学生特性，在参阅大量国内外物流专业文献资料的基础上编写了本书。本书内容新颖、实用，条理清楚，逻辑分明，与专业紧密结合，并尽量采用地道的英语表达。本书根据专业需要设置内容，收录物流专业新的、实用的词汇、用语和知识点，力求既突出专业特点又能充分体现专业英语的教学规律。
本书经过修订后共分3个模块，由18章组成（增加了3章内容），基本涵盖了当今国际物流专业方面的代表性内容，以保证学生有一定的专业信息读取量。（1）Module 1 为基础篇（共3章），主要涉及物流文化知识介绍。其内容分别为：物流概况、世界著名物流公司的介绍及物流商务礼仪。此篇有助于学生更好地了解物流的背景知识、专业词汇术语等，为学习专业篇Module 2打基础、做铺垫。该篇每章分别包含学习目标、课文、词汇、注释、课后练习等内容。（2）Module 2 为专业篇（共11章），主要涉及物流英语的专业知识。其内容分别为：仓储、采购、配送、运输、包装、国际货运代理、物流信息管理、供应链管理、第三方物流、逆向物流和物联网。其中，包装、逆向物流、物联网3章内容为新增加内容。该篇每章分别包含学习目标、课文、词汇、注释、情景对话、案例分析、补充阅读、课后练习等内容。其中，案例分析（Case Study）部分供学生课外阅读，或作为教师补充讲解的内容；补充阅读（Supplementary Reading）材料与本章主题相关，能扩充学生的知识面并提高他们的理解能力。（3）Module 3 为业务篇（共4章），主要涉及国际物流专业文件等业务知识。其内容分别为：商务信函、合同、提单和信用证。此篇对国际物流业务中常用的部分英文专业文件进行了介绍、举例，并通过完成课后练习，让学生对今后工作中要接触的相关业务文件有清晰的认知。
全书由薛威、刘春媚担任主审，王风丽担任主编，唐曌曦、王晓阔担任副主编。刘静编写了第1章、第2章、第3章；陈晓晨编写了第4章、第5章；郭洋和王东健共同编写了第6章、第7章；马静、郭世华共同编写了第9章、第11章、第12章；董妍编写了第10章；高天编写了第15章、第16章、第17章和第18章；王风丽编写了第8章、第13章、第14章。本书所有音频资料由康志伟、李佳负责录制。另外，本书在编写过程中得到了各兄弟院校及老师们的大力支持与帮助，在此谨表谢意。
由于编者水平有限，书中难免有疏漏之处，敬请批评指正。编者2017年3月Module 1 Background Knowledge of LogisticsChapter 1 A General Introduction of LogisticsObjectives
● To understand the definition of logistics
● To understand the definition of international logistics
● To learn the activities of logistics systemFocus on
● The definition of logistics
● The importance of logistics
● Main activities of logistics systemTextLead inWhat is logistics
The word “logistics” was first used in the military. It dealt with the supply of materials and equipment to the troops, and it could be traced back to the early American Independent War. The British Army in America depended almost entirely upon Britain for supplies. At the height of the war there were 1, 200 troops overseas, and for the most part they had not only to be equipped, but fed from Britain. Therefore, it had been argued that the defeat of the British in the American Independent War could largely be attributed to logistics failure when the war was over.
During World War II, logistics played a major role. Military forces made effective use of logistics models and forms of system analysis to ensure that materials were at the proper place when needed. After that, logistics was widely used in military and military management. For example, during the Iraq War, an U. S. armored division could consume daily 5,000 tons of ammunition, 555,000 gallons of fuel, 300,000 gallons of water, and 80,000 meals. It all depended on the very effective, magnificent supply. With the development of social economy and advanced technology, logistics is now used more widely in the field of business.troop[tru:p] n. 军队；组；群height[hait] n. 身高；顶点attribute [ə'tribju:t] vt. 归属；把……归于1.1 The Definition of Logistics
Logistics is a hot topic in China and the whole world. Although there has been the “move” of the goods since the beginning of human civilization, logistics is nothing but a newborn baby, and lots of people still have limited awareness and knowledge about it. So what logistics really is?
It has taken a further 70 years or so for the basic principles of logistics management to be clearly defined. One of the definitions coming from the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) (previously known as “Council of Logistics Management”) —one of the world's most prominent organizations for logistics professionals maybe the most authoritative:Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effictive flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of meeting customer requirements. According to the definition, logistics mainly focuses on procurement and distribution of physical goods. Besides, it is also linked with production, and the key issue is to decide how and when raw materials, and semi-finished goods should be acquired, moved and stored. All these will be extended and developed as the book progresses.previously ['priviəsli] adv. 以前地prominent ['prɔminənt] adj. 显著的；杰出的implement ['implimənt] vt. 实施，执行extend [iks'tend] vt. 延伸；扩大；推广1.2 Analysis of Logistics Definition
The basic definition of logistics is quite long. To understand it better, we can analyse it in the following details.
● The essence of logistics is a process of “planning, implementing, and controlling”
Firstly, the definition of logistics involves three activities: “planning, implementing, and controlling”, which is scientific planning, effective implementing, and real-timely controlling, not just one or two.
● The principle of logistics is “efficient, effective flow and storage”
Secondly, the definition of logistics indicates the main status of goods in the logistics is “flow and storage”. How to make it efficient and effective is the principle of logistics designing and management. For example, a company promises that all orders will be executed within 24 hours of receipt, thus the percentage of orders which are actually executed within 24 hours of receipt becomes the standard which is used to estimate whether the logistics is efficient and effective or not.
● The research object of logistics contains “goods, services, and related information”
Thirdly, the definition of logistics also indicates that logistics involves the flow and storage of “goods, services, and related information”. In fact, in the contemporary business environment, a successful logistics system not only contains the flow of goods and service, but also contains the flow of related information. And the latter plays an important role in the whole system;advanced information technology makes it increasingly easy and less-costly for companies to obtain important information to make logistics decision.
● The purpose of logistics is “meeting customer requirements”
Finally, the definition of logistics indicates that the purpose of logistics is“meeting customer requirement”. That is, the company should establish and adopt the suitable strategies on the basis of customer wants, needs, and demands.essence ['esns] n. 本质，实质；精华indicate [ˈindikeit] vt. 表明；指出；预示；象征execute [ˈeksikju:t] vt. 实行；执行estimate [ˈestiˌmeit] vi. 估计，估价1.3 The Importance of Logistics
In a yearly study of domestic logistics, the percentage of China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that was spent on logistics activities (transportation, inventory, and other administrative costs linked to logistics activities) stood at 20 percent in 1999, while that of the United States just stood at 10.7 percent in 1997, 9.9 percent in 2000, and 8.5 percent in 2004. At this point to consider logistics in the context of business and economy, logistics is an important activity making extensive use of the human and material resources that affect a national economy.
Advanced and professional logistics management is being required by the development of socialism market economy and commodity production; and our economical goal couldn't be realized without the assistance of logistics. For example, the production and consumption in bulk of general merchandise, such as coal, oil, steel and cement, needed to be guaranteed by a high speed increasing of transportation. The improvement of logistics creates important prerequisite for economic development.domestic [dəˈmestik] adj. 国内的；家庭的commodity [kəˈmɔditi] n. 商品，货物；日用品prerequisite [ˌpri:ˈrekwəzit] n. 先决条件1.4 Main Activities of Logistics System
Logistics refers to the systematic management of the various activities required to move goods from their points of production to the customer. To make a logistics system function, a variety of activities must be executed together.Let's briefly introduce some of these main activities of logistics system.
● Demand forecasting
Demand forecasting refers to effort to estimate product demand in a future time period. An accurate forecasting is essential to effective logistics management. According to it, a company can make decisions such as what kinds and how many raw materials should be ordered from their suppliers; when to start manufacturing and how many finished goods should be transferred or held in each market.
● Inventory
Inventory refers to stocks of goods that are maintained for a variety of purposes, such as for resale to others, as well as to support manufacturing or assembling processes. The inventory requirements of a firm are directly linked to the facility network and the desired level of customer service. To achieve good inventory management, logisticians need to balance the cost of maintaining additional products on hand against the risk of not having those items when the customer wants them. The objective in inventory strategy is to achieve desired customer service with the minimum inventory commitment.
● Transportation
Transportation is the operational area of logistics that geographically moves and positions inventory. It is a very important part of the logistics system. It mainly involves selection of the transport mode, routing of the shipment, compliance with the regulation in the region of the country, and selection of carriers. Commonly, transportation is the most costly logistics activity, and can range from 40% to 60% of a firm's total logistics cost.
● Storage
Storage involves two separate but related activities: inventory management and warehousing. Inventory serves as buffers between supply and demand so that needed product availability may be maintained for customers while providing flexibility for production and logistics to seek more efficient methods for manufacturing and distributing the products. Warehousing refers to places where inventory can be stored for a particular period of time. In the past decades, important changes have occurred with respect to the role of warehousing in contemporary logistics system.
● Packaging
Packaging focuses on protecting the product while it is being shipped or stored. The type of transportation and storage affects packaging requirements. Too much packaging increases costs while inadequate protection can result in merchandise damage and ultimately, customer dissatisfaction.
● Materials handing
Materials handing refers to the short-distance movement of products within the confines of a facility (e.g. plant, warehouse). Logistics managers are concerned with the movement of goods into a warehouse, the placement of goods in a warehouse, as well as the movement of goods from storage to order-picking areas and eventually to dock areas for transportation out of the warehouse to reduce the cost.
● Information management
Information is the key to the success of logistics because it can link all areas of the logistics system together, such as: companies’ internal logistics information system, their suppliers, customers and partners, etc.
● Procurement
Procurement is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses or retail stores. Since these input can have direct impact on both the cost and the quality of the final product/service offered to the customer, this activity is important to the overall success of the logistics effort.
● Production planning
The primary logistical responsibility in production planning is to participate in formulating a master production schedule and to arrange for its implementation by timely availability of materials, component parts, and work-in process inventory. Thus the overall concern of manufacturing support is not how production occurs but rather what, when, and where products will be manufactured. Thus, production planning is at the center of the entire logistics process. Yet it is often viewed as a stand-alone entity with its own objective and agenda.
● Customer service
Customer service is a complex topic and one that concerns other functional company areas. Decisions about inventory, transportation, and warehousing relate to customer service requirements. Customer service involves making sure that right person receive the right product with the right quantity at the right place and at the right time in the right condition at the right cost.
● Order fulfillment
Order fulfillment is the final key activity. Its costs usually are minor compared to that of transportation or inventory maintenance. Nevertheless, order fulfillment is an important element of the total time that it takes a customer to receive goods or service. It is also the activity that triggers product movement and service delivery.inventory [ˈinvəntri] n. 存货，存货清单assembling v. 装配（assemble [əˈsembl]的ing形式）；聚集commitment [kəˈmitmənt] n. 承诺，保证compliance [kəmˈplaiəns] n. 顺从，服从；承诺buffer [ˈbʌfə] n. 缓冲flexibility [ˌfleksi'biliti] n. 灵活性contemporary [kən'tempərəri] adj. 当代的；同时代的inadequate [inˈædikwit] adj. 不充分的，不适当的ultimately ['ʌltimitli ] adv. 最后；最终dock [dɔk] n. 码头；船坞internal [inˈtə:nəl] adj. 内部的；内在的；国内的inbound [ˈinˌbaund] adj. 入境的；归本国的；回内地的formulate [ˈfɔ:mjuleit] vt. 规划；用公式表示；明确地表达agenda [əˈʤendə] n. 议程；日常工作事项fulfillment [fulˈfilmənt] n. 履行；实行trigger [ˈtriɡə] vt. 引发，引起；触发Notes
1. Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals
供应链管理专家委员会
2. China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
中国的国内生产总值（GDP）Exercises
Ⅰ. Answer the following questions in English.
1. What is the definition of logistics?
2. What kind of logistics activities may cost most in a company?
3. What does a successful logistics system contain?
4. What activities do storage involve?
5. What are the main activities of logistics system?
Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the following words or phrases in the box.inventory essence prerequisite lead to flexibility at the height of execute prominent merchandise formulate
1. Consequently, the fast rise in bulk of foreign tourists may eventually______the decline of local tourism.
2. Good self-esteem is a______for a happy life.
3. We can supply any reasonable quantity of this______.
4. In 1989, about a year after we went public, we had a horrible problem related to______management.
5. Because of its______, we can mold software into any form to do almost anything.
6. That happened to millions of people two years ago______the world food crisis.
7. In the process of practice it is not______. This is because I should improve my English level.
8. These companies represent the______of the American spirit—the promise that anyone can succeed in this country if you have a good idea and the determination to see it through.
9. Of course there are lots of ways we can______the cycle, but this is a simple one, and these are steps that we're all familiar with at this point.
10. If a question asks you to take a position on some issue, try to______a more nuanced answer.
Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 物流涉及采购、仓储、运输、配送等多种功能。
2. 你在物流方面所做出的任何改进，其结果都会在一定程度上节约业务成本。
3. 物流有时候被描述成是实现“六个正确”的艺术。
4. 所有以产品为导向的买卖都把物流当成做生意的一项成本。
5. 存储包含两个独立但相关的活动：库存管理和仓储。
Ⅳ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. In fact, in the contemporary business environment, a successful logistics system not only contains the flow of goods and service, but also contains the flow of related information.
2. An important characteristic of any product is its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it.
3. The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.
4. Excessive inventory will ultimately result in higher than necessary total logistics cost.
5. Logistics has received more and more attention from different sectors of the society.Chapter 2 The Famous Logistics CompaniesObjectives
● To know about some famous logistics companies
● To learn the brief introduction of each companyFocus on
● The foundation and history of different logistics companies
● The service of each logistics companyTextLead in
The so-called logistics companies refer to those professional logistics service enterprises that the production and operation enterprises which entrust their own logistics activities to these companies by way of contract in order to concentrate on their main business. These companies are a kind of transportation, freight, and logistics companies. They operate transportation, warehousing, distribution, etc, which are related to logistics. With the development of economy, there are more and more logistics companies in the world. Let's have a look at some famous companies.entrust [inˈtrʌst] vt. 委托，信托2.1 DHL China
DHL is the global market leader in the logistics industry. DHL- Sinotran's, a 50/50 joint venture, was founded in Beijing in December 1986; and DHL Danzas Air&Ocean China started from a rep office in 1991; while Sentaifei Freight & Forwarding Co., Ltd. is a Sino-foreign joint venture registered in the People's Republic of China.
DHL-Sinotran's, a 50/50 joint venture, was founded in Beijing in December 1986. The joint venture combined DHL's leading expertise in the global air express industry and Sinotrans’ unrivalled local knowledge in the China-foreign trade transport market.
DHL-Sinotran's has developed a comprehensive service network covering 401 cities throughout China. In keeping with China's blooming economy, DHL-Sinotran's business performance has grown almost 60-fold at an astonishing average rate of 40% in the past decade. The company has secured the leadership position in China air express industry.
DHL Danzas Air&Ocean China started in 1991. In 1998, a joint venture was established with the name of Danzas Z. F. Freight Agency Co., Ltd. In the same year, among all international logistics companies, Danzas Z. F. Freight Agency Co., Ltd is the 1st enterprise who was accredited Class A Freight Forwarding license by MOFTEC. With more than a decade's efforts, Danzas Z. F. Freight Agency Co., Ltd becomes one of the largest international logistics companies in China, boasting annual turnover of over RMB1.6 billion with 18 branches in major commercial cities and employee of over 550 by the year 2003. The business of the company covers air/ocean forwarding, warehousing and distribution, supply chain management, project transportation, e-commerce, and international trade, providing its customers with end-to-end logistics management and one-stop shopping.
Sentaifei Freight & Forwarding Co., Ltd. is a Sino-foreign joint venture registered in the People's Republic of China and is specialized in providing the supply chain services and is held by the Deutsche Post World Net (DPWN). The Deutsche Post World Net (DPWN) owns 100% of DHL as well, an international express delivery organization and a well-known trademark. Sentaifei Freight &Forwarding Co., Ltd. operates with the trademark of DHL Solutions in China, fully demonstrating DHL's control over the company as well as the perfect client service experience and professional knowledge in aspect of supply chain service provided by DHL for clients from home and abroad. The company is headquartered in Beijing and has two branches and sixteen distribution centers all over the country.
DHL Business Divisions
DHL commits its expertise in international express, air and ocean freight, road and rail transportation, contract logistics and international mail services to its customers. A global network composed of more than 220 countries and territories and about 275,000 employees offer customers superior service to satisfy their supply chain requirements. DHL accepts its social responsibility by supporting climate protection, disaster management and education.
DHL is part of Deutsche Post DHL. The Group generated revenue of more than 53 billion Euros in 2011.
To cover all the customers’ extensive service needs with the right level of expertise, DHL operates under four specialized divisions:
● Express
● Global Forwarding, Freight
● Supply Chain
● Mailunrivalled [ʌnˈraivəld] adj. 无与伦比的comprehensive [ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj. 综合的；广泛的turnover [ˈtə:nˌəuvə] n. 营业额；流通量distribution [ˌdistriˈbju:ʃən] n. 分布；分配division [diˈviʒən] n. 分部；分类commit [kəˈmit] vt. 把……交托给；使……承担义务territory [ˈteritəri] n. 地区
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