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四川师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2013年四川师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Term Translation. (30 points)
A. Translate the following English into Chinese (15 points)
1.NECD【答案】标称包周差
2.state-owned enterprise【答案】国有企业
3.meta language【答案】元语言
4.entrepreneurial spirit【答案】创业精神
5.chief executive【答案】（公司或机构的）总经理，总裁
6.the Vulgate【答案】拉丁文圣经
7.sales confirmation【答案】销售确认书
8.monarchy constitution【答案】君主立宪制
9.institutional structure【答案】体制结构
10.the Grand Canyon of Colorado【答案】科罗拉多大峡谷
11.translationese【答案】翻译腔
12.WASP【答案】信奉新教的盎格鲁-撒克逊裔美国人(White Anglo-Saxon Protestant)
13.Peru【答案】秘鲁
14.state autonomy【答案】国家自主性
15.copy right【答案】版权
B. Translate the following Chinese into English (15 points)
1．项目经理【答案】project manager
2多元体系【答案】multi-dimensional system
3佣金率【答案】commission rate
4总统共和制【答案】presidential republic
5落基山脉【答案】Rocky Mountains
6地缘政治【答案】geopolitics
7知识产权【答案】intellectual property
8可持续性与可译性【答案】sustainability and translatability
9奥组委【答案】Olympic Committee
10罗马帝国【答案】Roman Empire
11马赛克文化【答案】mosaic culture
12公证件【答案】notarized copy
13招聘广告【答案】recruitment advertisement
14英联邦【答案】Commonwealth of Nations
15五月花公约【答案】The Mayflower Compact
Ⅱ. Passage Translation (120 points)
A. Translate the following English into Chinese (60 points)How Should One Read a Book?
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes—fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. We usually ask of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author: try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into a presence of human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give, something far more definite. At the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception seemed contained in that moment.
But when you attempt to reconstruct it in word, you will find that it breaks into thousands of conflicting impressions. Some must be subdued; others emphasized; in the process you will lose, probably, all grasp upon the emotion itself. Then turn from your blurred and littered pages to the opening pages of some great novelist—Defoe, Jane Austen, Hardy. Now you will be better able appreciate their mastery.【参考译文】如何读书？
书既然有小说、传记、诗歌之分，就应区别对待，从各类书中取其应该给予我们的东西。这话说来很简单。然而很少有人向书索取它能给我们的东西，我们拿起书来往往怀着模糊而又杂乱的想法，要求小说是真的，诗歌是虚假的，传记要吹捧，史书能加强我们自己的偏见。读书时如能抛开这些先入为主之见，便是极好的开端。不要对作者指手画脚，而要尽力与作者融为一体，共同创作，共同策划。如果你不参与，不投入，而且一开始就百般挑剔，那你就无缘从书中获得最大的益处。你若敞开心扉，虚怀若谷，那么，书中精细入微的寓意和暗示便会把你从一开头就碰上的那些像是山回路转般的句子中带出来，走到一个独特的人物面前。钻进去熟悉它，你很快就会发现，作者展示给你的或想要展示给你的是一些比原先要明确得多的东西。也许你在街道的拐弯处遇到两个人正在谈话，树影婆娑，灯光摇曳，谈话的调子喜中有悲。这一瞬间似乎包含了一种完善的意境，全面的构思。
可是当你打算用文字来重现此情此景的时候，它却化作千头万绪互相冲突的印象。有的必须淡化，有的则应突出。在处理过程中你可能对整个意境根本把握不住了。这时，还是把你那些写得含糊杂乱的一页页书稿搁到一边，翻开某位小说大师，如笛福、简·奥斯汀或哈代的作品来从头读吧。这时候你就能更深刻地领略大师们驾驭文字的技巧了。
B. Translate the following Chinese into English (60 points)
接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风云的航空信，确是人生一大快事，如果无须回信的话。回信，是读信之乐的一大代价。久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然就相对减少，以致于无，这时，友情便暂告中断了，直到有一天在赎罪的心情下，你毅然回起信来。蹉跎了这么久，接信之乐早变成欠信之苦，我便是这么一位屡犯的罪人，交游千百，几乎每一位朋友都数得出我的前科来的。英国诗人奥登曾说，他常常搁下重要的信件不回，躲在家里看他的侦探小说。王尔德有一次对韩黎说：“我认得不少人，满怀光明的远景来到伦敦，但是几个月后就整个崩溃了，因为他们有回信的习惯。”显然王尔德认为，要过好日子，就得戒除回信的恶习。可见怕回信的人，原不止我一个。【参考译文】
To get letters from friends, especially airmail letters from overseas that bear the stamp of exotic climes, is unquestionably one of life’s greatest pleasures, provided, that is, that they do not call for a reply. Answering letters is a heavy price to pay for the enjoyment of reading letters. The inevitable consequence of tardiness or infrequency in answering letters is a corresponding reduction in, and ultimate cessation of, the pleasure of receiving letters, in which case friendship is prematurely broken off, until the day in sackcloth and ashes you summon up the willpower to put pen to paper again. Through this dilly-dallying the pleasure of receiving letters has turned to the misery of owing letters. I am an old lag in this respect: practically every one of the friends I have made in my comings and goings can recite from my crime sheet. W. H. Auden once admitted that he was in the habit of shelving important letters, preferring instead to curl up with a detective novel; while Oscar Wilde remarked to Henley: “I have known men come to London full of bright prospects and seen them complete wrecks in a few months through a habit of answering letters.” Clearly Wilde’s view was that to enjoy life one should renounce the bad habit of answering letters. So I am not the only one to be faint-hearted in the regard.
2014年四川师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
Ⅰ. Term Translation (30 points)
A. Translate the following English into Chinese. (15 points)
1.UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织
2.IPO【答案】首次公开募股
3.Bitcoin【答案】比特币
4.CPA【答案】注册会计师
5.Myanmar【答案】缅甸
6.Kyoto Protocol【答案】《京都议定书》
7.food security【答案】食品安全
8.brain drain【答案】人才外流
9.binge drinking【答案】狂饮，纵酒
10.aircraft carrier【答案】航空母舰
11.movie trailer【答案】电影预告片
12.quantitative easing【答案】量化宽松
13.carbon footprint【答案】碳足迹
14.bank run【答案】银行挤兑
15.Pearl Buck【答案】赛珍珠（美国作家）
B. Translate the following Chinese into English. (15 points)
1．智能手机【答案】smartphone
2防空识别区【答案】Air Defense Identification Zone
3重症监护室【答案】Intensive Care Unit(ICU)
4并购【答案】merger and acquisition
5资本外逃【答案】capital flight
6心理干预【答案】psychological intervention
7青藏铁路【答案】The Qinghai-Tibet railway
8人口老龄化【答案】aging population
9次贷危机【答案】subprime crisis
10反式脂肪【答案】trans fatty acids
11虚拟社区【答案】virtual community
12汉学家【答案】sinologist
13新兴经济体【答案】emerging economy
14国家灾难应急响应机制【答案】national disaster emergency response system
15计算机辅助翻译【答案】computer-aided translations
Ⅱ. Passage Translation (120 points)
A. Translate the following English into Chinese. (60 points)
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property, embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.【参考译文】
美国的经济体系是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为基础的。在这种体制下需要生产什么在很大程度上取决于消费者花钱在市场上购买哪些他们最需要的商品和服务。为了获取利润，私有企业主在与他人竞争中生产这些产品，提供这些服务。在竞争的压力下追求利润的动机在很大程度上了生产商品和提供服务的方式。因此，在美国经济体制中，消费者个人的需求，加上商人争取利润最大化的渴望及个人想要使收入最大化的愿望，三者共同决定应该生产什么和如何利用资源来生产这些产品。
市场导向型经济中的一个重要因素是反映消费者需求以及生产者对消费者需求作出反应的机制。在美国经济中，这一机制是由价格体制体现的，价格随消费者的相对需求与生产者的供应情况而上下浮动。如果供不应求，价格就上升，有些消费者就会被排挤出市场。另一方面，某种产品大量生产导致成本下降，生产者提供的产品就会增加，这就会使产品价格下跌，那么，更多的消费者就会购买该产品。因此，价格是美国经济体制中的调节机制。
私有经济的一个重要因素是允许个人拥有生产资料（私有财产），允许他们雇用劳动力，控制自然资源，通过生产产品、提供服务来获取利润。在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包括生产资料的所有权，也包括一定的权利，比如，产品价格的决定权或与其他私有个体的自由签约权。
B. Translate the following Chinese into English. (60 points)
当今时代，和平与发展面临新的机遇和挑战。紧紧把握机遇，共同应对挑战，合作维护安全，携手实现发展，是时代赋予各国人民的历史使命。
走和平发展道路，是中国坚定不移的国家意志和战略抉择。中国始终不渝奉行独立自主的和平外交政策和防御性国防政策，反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治，不干涉别国内政，永远不争霸，水远不称霸，永远不搞军事扩张。中国倡导互信、互利、平等、协作的新安
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