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内蒙古大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解试读：
2011年内蒙古大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、请将下列词语翻译成中文。(每题l分，共15分)
1．NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织（the North Atlantic Treaty Organization）
2．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization）
3．cultural heritage【答案】文化遗产
4．gross national product【答案】国民生产总值
5．economic development zone【答案】经济开发区
6．global warming【答案】全球变暖
7．regional economy【答案】区域经济
8．stream of consciousness【答案】意识流
9．Gothic novel【答案】哥特式小说
10．ethnic minorities【答案】少数民族
11．applied linguistics【答案】应用语言学
12．artificial intelligence【答案】人工智能
13．the Forbidden City【答案】紫禁城
14．intellectual property right【答案】知识产权
15．the theory of relativity【答案】相对论
二、请将下列词语翻译成英文。(每题l分，共15分)
1．综合国力【答案】overall national strength
2．双边会议【答案】bilateral meetings
3．适者生存【答案】survival of the fittest
4．人口爆炸【答案】population boom/explosion
5．数字时代【答案】digital age
6．音位学【答案】phonemics
7．禽流感【答案】bird flu
8．世界卫生组织【答案】WHO (World Health Organization)
9．小康社会【答案】a well-off society
10．劳动密集型产业【答案】labor concentrated/intensive industry
11．字面翻译／直译【答案】literal translation
l2. 同声传译【答案】simultaneous interpreting
13．经济起飞【答案】economic take-off
14．必修课【答案】required course
l5. 任意性【答案】Arbitrariness
三、请将下面的短文译成中文。（每题30分，共60分）（1）Tucked away in our subconscious is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent. We are travelling by train. Out the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving on a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of corn and wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls. But the uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we reach there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will be fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes loitering, waiting, waiting, waiting for the station.【参考译文】
我们的潜意识里藏着一派田园诗般的风光。我们仿佛身处一次横贯大陆的漫漫旅程之中。乘着火车，我们领略着窗外流动的景色：附近公路上奔驰的汽车、十字路口处招手的孩童、远山上吃草的牛群、源源不断地从电厂排放出的烟尘、一片片的玉米和小麦、平原与山谷、群山与绵延的丘陵、天空映衬下城市的轮廓，以及乡间的庄园宅第。然而我们心里想得最多的却是最终的目的地。在某一天的某一时刻，我们将会抵达进站。迎接我们的将是乐队和飘舞的彩旗。一旦到了那儿，多少美梦将成为现实，我们的生活也将变得完整，如同一块凑齐的拼图。可是我们现在却在过道里不耐烦地踱来踱去，咒骂火车的拖拖拉拉。我们期待着，期待着，期待着火车进站的那一刻！（2）The key element of China’s reform and opening-up is to free people’s mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation. Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation. We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system. People are the masters of the country. We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law. The essence of China’s reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces. It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development. It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land. And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.【参考译文】
中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。（节选自2009年温家宝总理剑桥大学演讲）
四、请将下面的短文译成英文。（每题30分，共60分）（1）人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。(30分)【参考译文】
There is a need for human beings to develop their own intelligence. The differences between human beings and animals, apart from those various aspects which are universally known, probably also lies in that human beings have their inner world. Heart is no more than an important organ whereas the inner world constitutes a landscape, which gradually takes its shape under the influence from the outside world.（2）我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然你们那么爱吃落花生，就辟来做花生园罢。”我们几姐弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园；过不了几个月，居然有收获了!(30 分）（原文节选自许地山的《落花生》，译文参考张培基的《英译中国现代散文选（一）》）【参考译文】
Behind our house there lay half mu of a vacant land. Mother said, “It’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not plant some here?” That exhilarated us children and servant girls as well and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months！
2012年内蒙古大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
一、请将下列词语翻译成中文。(每题l分，共15分)
1．teleconference【答案】电话会议；远程会议
2．letter of credit【答案】信用证
3．preferential policy【答案】优惠政策；倾斜政策
4．real estate development【答案】房地产开发
5．Confucius【答案】孔子
6．EU【答案】欧盟（European Union）
7．compulsory education【答案】义务教育
8．IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会（International Olympic Committee）
9．fiscal year【答案】财政年度
10．Fortune 500【答案】财富500强（指《财富》杂志每年评出的全美国500家最大企业）
11．human resources【答案】人力资源
12．biodiversity【答案】生物多样性
13．eco-tourism【答案】生态旅游
14．protectionism【答案】保护主义，贸易保护主义
15．Valentine’s-Day【答案】情人节
二、请将下列词语翻译成英文。(每题l分，共15分)
1．诺贝尔和平奖【答案】Nobel Peace Prize
2．恐怖主义【答案】terrorism
3．贫困线【答案】poverty line/ poverty threshold
4．常委会【答案】standing committee
5．双赢战略【答案】win-win strategy
6．战略伙伴关系【答案】strategic partnership
7．市场准入【答案】market access
8．科学发展观【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development
9．城市化【答案】urbanization
10．加沙地带【答案】Gaza Strip
11．关系代词【答案】relative pronoun
12．文艺复兴【答案】Renaissance
13．春秋时期【答案】the Spring and Autumn period
14．地中海【答案】Mediterranean
15．爱国者导弹【答案】Patriot missile
三、请将下面的短文译成中文。(每题30分，共60分)（1）If people mean anything at all by the expression "untimely death", they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measures of that life were still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.【参考译文】
如果人们藉“英年早逝”这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，他们必然相信某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则“死不逢时”。死于年迈很少被冠以“死不逢时”之名，因为能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之，如果所碰到的是一位年轻人之死，人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂，前途无可限量，生命的倒计时尚未真正开始。当然，历史否定这一切。在诸多较为著名的“英年早逝”
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]