作者：张旭
出版社：中国人民大学出版社
格式: AZW3, DOCX, EPUB, MOBI, PDF, TXT
牛校·牛人·牛文——美国TOP20名校本科申请文书：案例、范文和分析试读：
前言
每年这个时候我都很高兴，终于可以闲下来了。同学们都拿到了满意的录取通知，大家踌躇满志，准备迎接新的挑战。我却往往在见面的时候不停地打击大家，反复交代和泼冷水。每年6月中旬，博创留美都会安排一次美国大学全真模拟课堂，今年是一位伯克利的教授来讲课，我仍然是助教，课题是国际经济学，也在准备教材和教案。这次课和这本书的目标是一致的，就是尽量贴近实战和真实情况。
回顾去年博创留美本科生入学申请的最好办法是重温我辅导大家写的文书。每一次我都强烈地感觉到，申请文书的质量高低简直就是除了标准化考试分数之外最重要的指标了。当大家惊讶于为什么有的SAT分数中等的同学能申请到耶鲁大学，而有的分数超高的同学却只能被前20名以外的学校录取时，我都会翻开当时指导这些同学写的文书，仔细看过之后，都会觉得万事皆有缘由。但是大多数同学和家长对于文书的重要性都没有完全的体会，或者只有比较混乱和粗浅的想法，这也就促成了我写这本书的初衷。
现在市面上的留学文书指导书，我觉得在这方面的指导也是欠缺的。我将这些书大致分了一下类，类别如下：（1）一些机构引进的HOW TO GET INTO TOP COLLEGE之类的文书荟萃。这些参考书的问题在于，其中的文书都是美国学生写的，我们可以借鉴思路和行文，但内容却和中国学生的生活相去甚远，实战意义不大。（2）外语院校老师写的写作指导系列。这些书我觉得比较尴尬，一方面作为提高写作能力的工具书，不一定适合SAT、TOEFL或GRE考试的写作要求；另一方面，这些书只能帮助学生打下写作基础，但申请文书的题目千奇百怪，这和写作练习又是两码事了。（3）部分家长和留美精英学生写的总结和范例，如哈佛女孩、耶鲁男孩之类。这些书有很好的参考意义，但我认为借鉴也要范围广一些，不要把目光集中在一个哈佛女孩或一个耶鲁男孩身上，否则自己就容易陷入模仿不成反倒失去本真的怪圈，毕竟我们过的是自己的生活，而不是别人的生活。
所以，这本书一定要贴近实战。当然，要写出一本既有指导意义，又有实战效果的申请文书文集，是很困难的。首先，这本书要求作者必须真正指导、参与、起草过这些名校的文书。简而言之，这个老师必须是真的用文书指导把学生送入这些名校的，如果自己没有动过笔，他就绝对没有发言权。其次，这些上名校的同学都有自己的小性格、小叛逆和各种精明的打算（当然这也是他们能去名校的一个原因），并不是每个同学都愿意把自己的文书拿出来分享，因为这毕竟是一个人内心最真实和最客观的剖析或表白。
不管怎么说，经过计划和沟通，我已经跨越了这些障碍，可以动笔写了。每一次新书面世我都发现，只要我写的书里面有英文的，很多读者都是买回去后翻了翻就束之高阁。看来工具书搞得太学术了也没必要，所以我想做一个调整，尽量满足那些看不懂英文的家长和只愿意粗粗翻阅的同学的需要。英文的文章我就不做注解和单词解释了，但是所有文章我都会做一个每段话意思总结或大概的中文翻译。
所以，假设你现在是一个高三上学期的学生，填写申请表格来到了文书部分，开始一步一步往下走，一直到完成所有申请文书写作，请先了解本书的概况：
第一板块，直接进入美国大学本科申请系统COMMON APPLICATION的公共文书写作部分，先对题目作出分析和解释，然后举个例子说明每个小文书怎么写。所举范例的原因和成功之处，我也作出了点评和分析。然后进入COMMON的公共文书主体部分。假设我们去写，文书题目的含义是什么，我们的背景和活动经历怎么安排，最后怎么成文，我举了几个例子。关于COMMON系统的公共补充文书，也以此类推，先分析题目然后举例。
第二板块，我对综合排名1~20的牛校的补充文书进行分析和写作指导，主要针对同学们的文书做了介绍。注意，没有补充文书的华盛顿圣路易斯大学我们没有收录，达特茅斯学院的文书我们也用写得比较多的纽约大学的文书来替代，因为纽约大学的文书比较有特点，这个学校也是“大众情人”，申请者数量巨大，虽然排名在30多，但这丝毫不妨碍它成为一个超级牛校。另外，我还去掉了圣母大学和范德堡大学，用密歇根大学和弗吉尼亚大学代替，这也是申请最多的两个EA学校，所以举出这两个例子更有实战意义。
以上的两个主要板块，每个部分我都会列举一位被该校录取的同学的文书作为例子，分析他（她）的活动、背景、经历和目标。大家看看如果你是他（她），你准备写什么？怎么写？如何判断自己写得好或坏？然后看看我指导的这个同学是怎么写的，对比之后看看我的分析，我们的选择和处理是否有道理，那时候就一目了然了。
附录部分是2013—2014年的COMMON APPLICATION的题目，因为较往年已经发生变化，这里我也做个大概的讲解和分析。
真心祝愿各位能借助本书的帮助，进入牛校，成为牛人。张旭2014年4月板块A绝大部分学校要求的公共文书一 COMMON 系统的小活动文书题目Short Answer
Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences in the space below (1,000 character maximum).
请简要阐述你的课外活动或工作经历（最多1000个字符），并填写在下面的空白处。分析
文章虽然很小，但其重要性却不可忽视。我们分别从5个方面作分析说明。1.选择合适的活动
首先我们应该专注于一个长期的活动。招生人员非常想知道为什么你选择这个活动。在这篇文章中请尽你所能阐述这一活动，不管是下棋也好，游泳也好，或在当地书店工作也好，都是不错的选择。2.解释这个活动为什么对你重要
在提示里面用了“elaborate”（阐述）这个词，所以我们该做的就不仅仅是去describe（描述）它。除此之外，我们还应分析这个活动。为什么它重要呢？例如，如果你的课外活动是英语社社长，你不应该简单地描述你的职责是什么，而应解释为什么你会担任这个职务，你的收获或是它所需要的办事理念和风格跟你是否一致。招生委员会出这篇小作文的目的并不在于了解这个活动本身，而在于了解申请者本人。举一例，在下面第五个例文中，作者就尽其所能地阐述裁判与现在法制社会的本质联系。3.尽可能精确和详细
无论你选择的是什么活动，一定要用精确的细节呈现它。如果你陈述时用的是模糊语言和司空见惯的细节，那么你对这一活动的热情就丢失了。千万不要简单地说我喜欢这个活动是因为它“很有趣”。问问你自己为什么它有趣——是因为你喜欢团队合作，或是渴望智力上的挑战，或是追求旅行，抑或是享受自己体力上筋疲力尽的感觉？4.珍惜每个字
1000字符很少，大概就180字左右，这就意味着选择每个字都得小心谨慎，小文章要求我们要做到尽可能简洁和贴近事实。在这里，没有空间用来给我们啰唆、重复、跑题或用词华丽。我们应利用好整个空间，一篇只有80字的回答肯定没有抓住机会给招生委员会的官员呈现你入学的迫切愿望。5.给文章定好合适的基调
小文章的定调既可以是严肃的，也可以是俏皮的，但一定要避免一些常见的错误。比如，你的文章是那种干干的、就事论事的语气，那么你对这一活动的热情就没有很好地展现出来。尝试写出活力来。还有，就是一定要避免听起来像是吹牛或自高自大。在下面的范文中，第一篇关于骑马的文章就是一个很好的典范。范文1
我坐在马背上，拍拍马头，勒紧缰绳准备出发。在马背上，我看到了一个完全不同的世界。我的马开始全速奔跑。风咆哮着掠过我的脸颊，我的心和马的步伐赛跑。于是我弯下身去抚摸她的脖子和她低声细语。我不害怕飞快的速度，相反我在兴奋地呼吸。平日的烦恼立刻被抛到脑后，并开始探索新的世界。
Straining the halter, sitting on my horse and patting her head, I am ready to go. From here I see a different world. My horse begins to run at full speed. The wind roars on my face, while I take off and leave the present world behind. My heart races with her pace. I bend down to approach her neck and we communicate. The wind whispers with the sprouting of the grass, the murmuring of the water and the neigh of my horse. I feel every element in this world more fully while I am virtually flying in the air. I am not afraid of the speed, as I breathe with excitement. When I am on the horse, I run with the wind. I have no fear, no worry about the risks. The worries of the day are left far behind. I am exploring a new world from high on my horse.分析
此文的最大特点是生动形象。我们可以看出这里面动词的大量使用，譬如，strain, sit, pat, run, soar, take off, leave, race, bend down, approach等。通过这一系列的描述，作者在马上的威风尽显无疑。此外，比拟修辞手法的使用也会吸引委员会的注意力，像风在“窃窃私语”，水在“低声喃喃”，“我”“飞到了空中”。范文2
尽管住在山东烟台这样的沿海城市，小时候我却从来没有鼓起勇气去潜水。当高中学校要组织成立一个水肺潜水队时，我知道机会来了。我加入了这个潜水队并且第一次开始潜水。起初，我感到兴奋又紧张。电视中看到的海底画面使我更迫切地想亲自看一下。但是我也害怕有时会变得可怕的海水。然而，当我戴上呼吸器进入海里时，整片海看起来是那么的平静，我的恐惧立马就消失了。从这件事我意识到了你真正害怕的不是这个世界，而是你自己，这对于我来说是一个很大的进步。用你的勇气，你将看到整个世界。
Though lying in a coastal city in Shandong Province, very close to the sea, I have never summoned up, my courage for diving all my childhood. The opportunity came when my high school was organizing a scuba diving team. I joined in it and for the first time started diving. At first, I felt excited but scared. With images of the sea I watched from TV, I became eager to see them with my own eyes. But I was also scared of the vast sea which sometimes turned so furious. However, when I dived into the sea with a respirator, it seemed that the whole sea was so peaceful and my fear faded immediately. I could stay as long as two hours four or five meters below the surface, which strengthened my confidence in diving. With diving practice time after time, I gradually get rid of fear for the sea. It is a great progress for me, from which I realize that you feel scared only to yourself not to the world. The only person you face is yourself. Use your courage; you will see the whole world.分析
要说本文最大的特点，要算前后对比鲜明，先说住得临近海，后说从没有尝试过潜水；先说看电视期待潜水，后说害怕得要死；先说只能潜4到5米，后说经过训练完全克服了恐惧心理。此文行文就像大海一样，一上一下，一上一下，让人看得好不痛快。读者可以在写作小文章时用到这种方法。而要达到这种效果，合适的连接词不可缺少，比如though, at first, with, but, however, until等。范文3
我在中学时是社区服务志愿者，西南校园墙紧挨着两个社区，许多人往这面墙上贴各种小广告，租房信息、卖二手商品等。作为一名社区服务志愿者，每周末我都得撕这些广告来保持社区清洁。这些广告确实令人愤怒，但它们又是合理的，我不能责备那些贴广告的人。在和老师讨论了以后，我设计了一个木制的板挂在这面墙上供人们粘贴广告。从此，再没有人往校园墙和社区墙上粘贴广告了。有时我们只需要换个角度想问题，做个小小的改变，事情就会完全不同。
I am a community service volunteer in my high school. The southwest campus wall is adjacent to two communities. Many people post small advertisements on the wall, renting houses or selling second hand goods, etc. As the community service volunteer, almost every weekend I had to scrape off the ads to keep a clean environment. It's boring and annoying to do the same work every weekend. Although the ads are irritating, they are reasonable as I have no reason to blame those people who paste the ads. But why don't set up a board or divide a particular area for people to put up ads? It can keep a clean environment and is convenient for people to share information. After discussion with my teacher, I designed a board made of wood and fixed it on the wall for people to post ads. Since there was the particular notice area, no one paste ads on the campus wall and the community wall anymore. Sometimes we just need to think from another angle, make a small change and things will be different.分析
文章讲述自己作为社区志愿者，每周为撕去墙壁上的小广告而感到厌烦。于是他想出一个方法，在与老师商量之后，用木头作为材料做了一个广告栏，专门供人贴广告用。这样一来，就没有人再随处贴广告了。很新颖创新的一个社会实践，让录取委员会的人看到这位同学的creative thinking ability以及动手实践能力。范文4
2012年上海环境科技博览会，我当了一次志愿者。起初，我认为做志愿者是一个很简单的事情。然而，我之后的经历证明这“明显”简单的的工作事实上是需要汗水、耐心和很大的弹力的。这次经历让我更好地看到了生活的不同侧面。一件事情，无论多小，都要认真对待，否则什么事情都干不好。
I became a volunteer for the 2012 Shanghai Environmental Tech Expo. It is both my dream and hope to do my parts for environment awareness activities. At first, I thought it was an easy job to serve as a volunteer. However, my later experiences proved that even the "obviously" easiest work in reality calls for sweat, patience, and even great resilience. I was assigned to an urban volunteer station in the busiest shopping street, Huaihai Road. Standing in street every day for eight hours straight with only 10 minutes lunch break, I gave directions, provided first aid, and introduced the World Expo roadmaps. The second day, I started to feel how tough it was. My lips slowly dried up and my stamina quietly slipped away. Tired and stressed, I consistently fulfilled my obligations and stood firmly with my team. It was not easy, and never would be. This experience gave me a better picture of many aspects in life. No matter how small one thing is, take on it with seriousness and an attitude, otherwise nothing is doable indeed.分析
本文作者描述自己作为世博志愿者时，经历过的辛劳与汗水。每天在志愿者服务站工作8个小时，随时都得站着为行人或旅客指明方向、提供帮助或是介绍世博地图，中途只有10分钟的午餐休息时间。可虽然如此，作者依旧在岗位上严格要求自己，没有一刻的偷懒。这件事给他的启示便是无论做任何事，不管有多小，都要严肃认真地对待它，否则只会一事无成。范文5
在百米赛跑中裁判扮演着关键的角色，严格执行竞赛规则。然而作为一个运动员，要从完全不同的角度参加和经历比赛。我没有意识到这有多苦，直到我在灼热的太阳下站了整整一天。一方面，我要忍受干扰并作出公平的评判；另一方面，我还有义务去监督整个赛场。作为裁判，我深刻懂得了诚信和守法的价值，并且觉得这对我的未来学习和研究都是至关重要的。
Undoubtedly runners in 100-meter race are invariably in the spot light on sports field. Yet referees also play a key role in keeping the race spectacular by the enforcement of competition rules strictly. Even though as an athlete myself, I acted as a referee of Changdao Middle School Sports Meeting for two years in a row, participating in and experiencing this game from a totally different perspective. I didn't realize how tough it could be until I exposed to the burning sun for a whole day. During the race, on one hand, I was supposed to withstand the interference and judge fairly and impartially like what I had promised on oath-taking ceremony; on the other hand, however, I had to perform my duty to oversee the game instead of dominating it. As a referee I had deeply understood the value of being honest and law-abiding, which is also crucial and indispensable for my future study and research, because it determines how far I can reach in a competitive and well regulated society.分析
通读全文，只有六句话。本文长难句使用非常出色，可以想见作者的写作功力相当了得。各种从句，例如定语从句、表语从句、状语从句等都能在这里找到。更难能可贵的是，就是在这六句话里面，作者把当裁判的细节描述得淋漓尽致。通篇下来，如行云流水一般，非常顺畅。在文章的最后，作者升华主题，点明通过当裁判认识到了诚实与守法的重要性，为他以后在这个法制社会里学习生活打下了基础。可以说，如果没有最后一句，文章的内容仅限于描述裁判这一社会实践，而有了最后一句，加上了作者的分析思考，整篇文章的思想就提高了一大截，这符合写作规定：elaborate一个活动。二 COMMON 系统的主体文书题目Personal Essay
Please write an essay (250-500 words) on a topic of your choice or on one of the options listed below. This personal essay helps us to become acquainted with you as a person and student, apart from courses, grades, test scores, and other objective data. It will also demonstrate your ability to organize your thoughts and express yourself.
Note: Your Common Application essay should be the same for all colleges. Do not customize it in any way for individual colleges. Colleges that want customized essay responses will ask for them on a supplement form.
— Essay: Evaluate a significant experience, achievement, risk you have taken, or ethical dilemma you have faced and its impact on you.
评价你有过的重要经验、成就、承受过的风险，或你所面临的道德困境及其对你的影响。分析
写作个人随笔的目的是让录取委员会的人在课程、分数或其他客观因素之外去了解你个人的情况，这其中包括高中或之前有过的经历，并因此对你产生的影响。除此之外，这篇个人随笔还可让委员会的人了解你组织自己的思想并把它细致、生动、清楚、明朗地描述出来的能力。所以它的重要性不言而喻。
每个人在成长的过程当中都会有让自己难忘的事情，可究竟选哪一件呢？这个问题也许困扰着我们申请国外本科留学的每个学生。在动笔写作之前，我们应该首先问自己几个问题，第一，我为什么要出国读书？它对我意味着什么？第二，为什么选择这个学校？是因为它的课程设置、它的学术风格、它的地理环境还是其他？第三，对自己未来留学生活有什么样的规划？努力学习拿好成绩，或是多走多看享受生活，抑或是打上几份工充实生活并为将来扎根美国打好基础？有了这三个问题的答案，也许我们写作这篇随笔的内容也就呼之欲出了，自己以前的经历肯定对这三个答案有所回应。比如可以写自己之前出国游学的经历，它让我对美国还有美国教育更加了解；打个比方，在哈佛大学待的一两个月让我认识了我崇拜的教授，他们严谨细致的学术作风让我为之着迷等。再比如，参加的某个比赛让我认识到生活的意义所在，我的目标就是去接受最好的教育，去认识世界、改造世界。这些都可以成为写作的素材。案例一学生背景
在这个板块里，我们举的例子都是标准考试分数比较低，但是活动选择比较准确到位，从而获得优异的申请结果的同学。比如下面这位小赵同学，他的标准化考试分数SAT只有不到1900分，托福也很遗憾地没能上100分，但是他的几件事情让人眼前一亮。在选择上，我觉得最主要的是这个主体文书应该写他最核心的经历：打太极拳。其他的几件事，如在学校的物理社是社长，参加模拟联合国到耶鲁和乔治城大学参加比赛，以及作为志愿者参加过一次新能源汽车的博览会，都算很有趣的事情，但和太极拳这么有趣的事情比起来，当然是这个更好了。更重要的是，太极这项活动真真切切地给他带来了领悟、改变和体会。在我们讨论分数的时候，我觉得也是这个经历让他逐渐成长了起来。范文“五分钟后轮你上场。”过去11个月都在练习太极，我从没想过自己会进入省级太极拳比赛。一时间思想空白，我几乎开始幻想自己被对手狠狠地摔下台。
"Five minutes to go for your turn." The stern cold voice from microphone in the martial arts arena buzzed like a thunderbolt on my head. For the past 11 months of practicing Tai-ji, I have never thought of stepping into the Provincial Tai-ji Contest of over 100 martial arts practitioners. For a moment of mental blankness, I almost started to envision me being thrown out with a violent thrust by the opponent.
轮到我了。我走到擂台中央，向对手鞠躬，做了一个开场姿势，然后深深地呼了一口气，并开始自言自语，最后及时收回来，告诫自己就把这场比赛当作是平时跟师傅对练一样。
It was my turn. I walked on the center of arena, bowed to the opponent, made the opening hand gesture and took a deep breath. "Just be myself and remember what the Master said. Breathe!" I said to myself while the palms of my opponent, a fifty years old man, came in touch with my receiving arms. Pushing, circulating, breathing, dodging and countering…What am I doing? Just like a normal pushing-hands session with my Master in a quiet morning, I continued on my moves without a pause.
尽管我是本年度太极比赛最年轻的选手，我赢得了本场比赛的二等奖。我热爱武术和太极。我还对中国道家哲学有很深的理解，这对于学习武术很关键。
Although I was the youngest contestant with only 1 years of Tai-ji practice, I won the Second Place Honor in the Contest, unprecedented in the Contest's 50 years of history. I love martial arts and Tai-ji. I have developed a deep understanding and appreciation of Chinese Taoist philosophy, the key to the practice of this traditional form of martial arts. I believe one's proficiency should not be measured solely by the amount of time one has devoted to it; a good sense of the essence of Tai-ji is surely required. Only by his or her achievement in terms of combining the internal meditation and martial techniques can one practitioner fully demonstrate its power and beauty. For example, the strength and aggression of attack, the grasp of the Taoist principle of the conception of martial arts and even the inspiration and the passion for martial art are all crucial yet basic factors of practicing Tai-ji.
为期十一个月的太极锻炼对我来说从身体上和精神上都是具有启发性，也是非常有利的练习。太极的精髓包括平衡的概念：阴阳的平衡和攻守的平衡。
The 11 months of practicing Tai-ji are truly illuminating and beneficially exercises to me both physically and spiritually. The heart of the Tai-ji encompasses the conception of balance; a balance of Yin techniques with Yang techniques and a balance between yielding and attacking. In particular, Tai-ji is presented slowly, but every move is difficult and strenuous. Every gesture is soft and withdrawn, while every bounce or turn comes with immense force. I find it illuminating and applicable to not only my student life, but to change my view of this world I live in.
现在我学着平衡SAT的准备和普通高中课程的学习。同样，我也学会分配好练习太极和其他活动的时间。现在我能够将太极的平衡之道运用到学习中去。
Now I learn to have a balance between my preparation for SAT and regular high school courses. I also start to see the importance to optimize my time between Tai-ji practices and other activities. More importantly, every chemistry experiment or mathematical equation, in my renewed visions, shows quite an interesting balance of various elements or force, just like Tai-ji.
我练习太极的每一步、每一个推和转，都彻底改变了我。正如我老师说的，关键不是练习太极，而是利用它生活。
Every move I make in Tai-ji practice, every single push and turn, changes me profoundly. As my Master says, the key is not to practice Tai-ji, but to live it.分析
全文安排紧凑合理。第一段作者通过描述自己的紧张与不安引出文章的主题——太极比赛，接下来作者生动地描述了与50岁老人的对赛。第三段则提出自己赢得了比赛的第二名，以及之后所带出的思考与心得。最后升华主题，讲到练太极带给他“平衡”的心态，这不仅有益于他今后的学习生活，还开拓了他的眼界，让他对事物都有了新的认识。
此外，作者的作文功底也不得不提。文章连接紧密，连接词，although, only by, for example, in particular, while, also, as运用自如，比喻的使用也让人眼前一亮，如buzzed like a thunderbolt on my head。值得一提的是，作者在用词方面的考究恰到好处，像walked on the center of arena, bowed to the opponent, made the opening hand gesture and took a deep breath这些动词的精确使用让读者身临其境，让人感觉畅快淋漓。
不得不说，这篇文章的选题是非常独特的，很少有人会想到用太极作为主题，这体现了作者选题的新颖性，令人耳目一新。而恰好太极作为中国传统文化中非常重要的一个元素，已经远远超出了武术本身而成为中国人立身处世的一种人生哲学和智慧。这里有很大的空间可供作者去发挥。同时还能向世界输出中国文化与思维，意义非凡。案例二学生背景
下面这个同学也很有特点。小叶同学是一个很有主见的孩子，每天做的事情就是各种各样的课外活动。看来国际学校也不是绝对严格要求。她有几个经历弥补了考试分数平庸的劣势。首先，她到尼泊尔做过志愿者，这个活动虽然也比较大众化，但她在活动中也确实学到了很多东西，尤其是对于本身专业方向的确定，开始有了感受，这也是我选定这个方向来指导的原因。其次，她在学生会做了很多很重要的工作，如文化节、歌唱表演、舞蹈演出、国际交流和运动会，基本上都有她的身影，但我觉得这个稍微平庸了些，就放在次要的选择部分了。最后，她有两次数学竞赛的经历，到新加坡和中国台湾进行比赛，也有一两次从失败中奋起，在挫折中扭转局面的经历，但仍然是放在了尼泊尔这个事情的后面。在判断上应该有取舍，否则就很难突出重点了。范文
初到加德满都，糟糕的空气、狭窄肮脏的环境超出了我的想象。
A heat wave with great humidity hit me in the face the moment I stepped out of the plane. Cramped and dirty, the Katmandu airport was nothing like I had ever imagined. After eight hours of wobbling and bumping in a beat-up wagon, we arrived at the Volunteers' Home. Several big mice ran out to receive me.
这是我在尼泊尔的第一天。我是作为尼泊尔一个慈善机构组织的活动志愿教师去的。当地的饮食、居住条件非常糟糕，我们的日常行程甚至包括捡垃圾。
This was my first day in Nepal. I went there this August as a volunteer teacher on a campaign organized by a Nepalese charity institute. My American friend, Woody, asked me to promote it in my school and many students did show great interest, yet I was the only one to step onboard. Never had I thought I would end up in mountain areas where there was no access to any kind of modern facility. There was no meat (due to religious factors), no tap water (local people directly drink rain) and flea everywhere. The little mineral water I brought ran out three days later and I couldn't sleep well because of the bugs. Our daily routine even included picking up trash around rivers for hours. Those days were trying and almost unbearable for an urban girl like me.
前两周简直是度日如年，我挣扎着不去放弃。但通过观察同伴，我渐渐地学到了如何处理这种糟糕的情况。首先是节约用水，其次是跟当地人处好关系并随时向他们请教。
The first two weeks there felt like eternity. I was struggling not to give up. But after observation of my American and Czech roommates, I gradually learned from them how to deal with the situation. First, plan ahead and conserve every drop of clean water for drinking. As for food, since there was no meat, think of every meal as a healthy veggie diet. The bottom line was not to waste any food in my bowl. When it came to sleeping, instead of scratching restless on the plank, I would use my sleeping bag. All in all, I learned to actively adapt to the environment instead of waiting for it to adapt to me. Also, I gained local people's friendship and trust when I communicated and asked them for their advice.
现在回想起来，我十分珍惜和感激这次经历。正是由于它，我才明白了面对困难时像一个懦夫一样抱怨是一点用都没有的。
Now I cherish this experience and am very thankful when I look back on those days. Thanks to it, I have learned that in times of difficulty, whining and complaining like a coward will never solve the problem.
如何在如此有限的条件下发电呢？一阵紧张搜索之后，我找到了中国西部一个小村庄里一个类似的案例。那里人们利用沼气和太阳能发电。
Moreover, the extreme backwardness in this area led me to think how different it would be if it had enough power supply. But how to generate electricity under such limited condition? After a while of busy researching, I found a similar case in a small village of western China, where people use methane and solar energy to generate enough power. I wrote a report about it which later went published in the school newspaper.
现在除了基础科学如物理、工程、生物化学和清洁能源外，我还对经济、公共政策、社会发展研究课题感兴趣。
Now with a refreshed view towards fundamental science studies, such as physics, engineering, biochemistry and clean energy, I also have interests in economics, public policy and social development research subjects. I sincerely hope one day with my own hands, I can make a difference in places like Nepal that needs not only our attentions, but also real touch of scientific changes.分析
整个文章非常写实与质朴，通篇读下来，我们可以感受到作者在这个经历后的成长与收获。
作者从文章开头就指出自己将去尼泊尔当志愿者，可到了那里之后，是“Several big mice ran out to receive me”几只大老鼠来迎接她。接下来更惨的是，no any kind of modern facility, no meat (due to religious factors), no tap water (local people directly drink rain) and flea everywhere. 两周后，一切就都改变了，从美国和捷克室友那里我学习到了转变想法，继而努力适应当地的生活。最终还收获了当地人的友谊。至此，作者明白了，在困难面前像弱者一样牢骚满腹、怨天尤人是无济于事的，我们需要知难而上，去努力克服与战胜它。
有了这个经历之后，作者关注到了能源供应。在尼泊尔等条件匮乏的地方，发电并不容易。于是她想出用沼气和太阳能发电，并在校报上发表了。最后一段作者指出自己对各个专业都非常感兴趣，希望将来用自己的双手、用自己学到的科学方法去改变像尼泊尔这样不发达的国家。案例三学生背景
下面这位小邱同学也是标准化成绩不太理想。他是一个很安静、爱思考的孩子，但他最突出的特点，是他对科学的狂热兴趣和动物学方面的爱好。在他最主要的四件事情中，我觉得这个井冈山山脉科学考察和捕鸟的事情比较重要，其他的几件事，一个学校的排球队队长的经历很有意义，但是略显普通；一个到国家中草药实验基地实习的经历也很有感觉，但有些平淡，因为他在实验基地基本打杂，高中生也很难去做复杂的事情；还有一个自己开网店卖东西资助班上贫困同学的事情也很棒，但还是略显无趣和平淡。只有谈到捕鸟这件事情的时候，他的表情是最兴奋的，那就写这个吧。范文
我在银盘山鸟站当一个野生动物志愿者。
I just could not help it but yelling out. It was the chickadee.“Ah!! That really hurts!" I tried to catch giving me a truly unforgettable kiss on my fingers. It happened on the fourth day after I arrived in YinPan Mountain bird station as a wildlife conservation volunteer. Since my home city is close to one of the three major routes of migrating birds in Asia, I have been observing fieldwork like this, but this is the first time that I actually hiked so deep into the mountains. On September 1st, I packed my bags and readied myself for the coming excitement of one week field trip.
我们沿着蜿蜒的山路到达山顶之后，又花了差不多一个小时来到我们的鸟站。我们爬到了1600米高的山顶，一失足就会跌入万丈深渊。
The first day when we arrived at bottom of the mountain through the winding path, we climbed like another hour to find our station. After lunch, we climbed for three hours to the mountain top, a 1,600 meters high summit. One missing a step would finish you down the hill. For the first day, we placed three nets with pitched bamboo poles, with spotlights connected with battery and placed behind the nets.
第一个晚上，温度降到了零下，又下起了雨。所以没有鸟群飞出来。第二天我们搭建了更多的鸟巢和观察点。到了第三天晚上，鸟依
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