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中国科技大学考博英语历年真题及详解试读：
2006年中国科技大学春季考博英语真题及详解[听力音频]
PAPER ONESECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION ( 20 points )
Part A
Directions: In this part, you will hear 10 short conversations between two people. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1.A. There are different kinds of folders.
B. This decision requires careful thought.
C. It doesn’t matter which color she uses.
D. The color should suggest the content.【答案】C【解析】对话中女士犹豫选哪种颜色，男人说“颜色并不重要，重要的是内容”，选项C符合。【录音原文】
W: I don’t know which color folder to use, white or brown?
M: What difference does it make? It’s the content that’s important.
Q: What does the man mean?
2.A. 20.
B. 40.
C. 80.
D.160.【答案】B【解析】对话中女士说“公司雇佣了160名女性员工，占全体职员的80%”，计算可知，男员工有40人。【录音原文】
M: Could you tell me how many of your employees are women?
W: Yes, certainly. We have a very high percentage of female staff. We employ about 160 women, which is eighty percent of all our staff.
Q: How many of the employees in this organization are men?
3.A. She thinks that they are a bargain.
B. She thinks that they are of inferior quality.
C. She thinks that they are overpriced.
D. She thinks that they can be purchased at a cheaper price elsewhere.【答案】A【解析】对话中女士说“这些转盘价格很低，很划算。”，男人说“质量远比价格重要”，可知，女士认为这些转盘很便宜，选项A正确。【录音原文】
W: Look at the low prices on these turntables. Don’t you think they’re a fantastic buy?
M: Yes, but quality is more important than price. Let’s look elsewhere before making a decision.
Q: How does the woman feel about the turntables?
4.A. At a bus station.
B. In a restaurant.
C. In a college information office.
D. At the dean’s home.【答案】C【解析】对话中男人想去旅行社获取一些旅行信息，女士说“Right here, in this office the dean has地图，行程安排等，这写是为外国学生准备的”，可判断该对话发生在大学信息咨询处。【录音原文】
M: Do you think the travel agency will be open Saturday afternoon? I want to get some information about a bus trip across the United States.
W: You don’t have to wait until Saturday. Right here, in this office, the dean has maps, bus schedules and even a list of inexpensive hotels. They’re for foreign students, you know.
Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?
5.A. He’s happy that his parents are coming.
B. He’s thinking about a number of things.
C. He’s not feeling very well.
D. He’s looking for a new apartment.【答案】B【解析】对话中男人说“他的父母要来见他，而他又新近搬家”，因此he’s just got a lot oil in his mind，即“想很多事情，脑子一片混乱。”【录音原文】
W: Do you know what’s wrong with Mark? He’s been acting very strangely lately
M: Come on，with his parents coming to visit next week-right after he’s moved into a new apartment-he’s just got a lot oil in his mind．
Q: What does the woman say about Mark?
6.A. She wants the man to attend the tournament with her.
B. The tournament begins next week.
C. The man should check with his doctor again.
D. She hopes the man will be able to play in the tournament.【答案】D【解析】对话中男人说自己可能几周后就能踢足球了，女士说“如果你能在锦标赛前康复，那就好极了。”，可判断女士希望男人能够参加锦标赛。【录音原文】
M: Good news．I’m not going to need surgery after all. The doctor says I can start working out again soon. And maybe play soccer again in a few weeks．
W: That’s terrific. It would be great if you could get back in shape in time for the state tournament．
Q: What does the woman mean?
7.A. Where the woman is going to dinner.
B. Where the new restaurant is located.
C. Where the woman got the coupon.
D. Where the woman’s cousin lives.【答案】C【解析】对话中女士说“我有那家新餐馆的优惠券”，男人问Where did you get it，并表示自己也想去新餐馆试试，选项C正确。coupon优惠券。【录音原文】
W: I’ve got a coupon for half of dinner at that new restaurant down the street．I think I will use it when my cousin comes for a visit this weekend．
M: Where did you get it? I wouldn’t mind trying that place out too．
Q: What does the man want to know?
8.A. It will last for two weeks.
B. It has come to a halt.
C. It will end before long.
D. It will probably continue.【答案】D【解析】对话中女士说“管理方已经给工人们增加了工资，但工会却holding out for its original demands坚持他们的最初要求”，可判断女士认为罢工可能还会持续。hold out for坚持要求。【录音原文】
M: The strike at the port has held up our export orders for two weeks．Do you think it will end soon?
W: As far as I know, the management side has made an improved pay offer but the union is holding out for its original demands．
Q: What does the woman think of the strike?
9.A. It doesn’t provide much shade.
B. It’s taller than the apartment building.
C. It’s not an oak tree.
D. It has an unusual name.【答案】C【解析】对话中女士说“这棵树像橡树那么高，但是叶子形状不一样”，表明它不是橡树。【录音原文】
W: I wish I knew what kind of tree that was，growing in front of the apartment building.
M: I know. It’s tall like an oak, but the leaves are in different shape.
Q: What can be inferred about the tree?
10.A. She approves of the action.
B. She feels sorry for those students.
C. She considers the punishment excessive.
D. She has no opinion about the action.【答案】A【解析】女士的意思是“他们应该受到那样的对待，我不会同情任何以欺骗方式通过考试的人。”，表明她赞同教授的惩罚。【录音原文】
M: Professor Dalton caught some students cheating on the final exam and failed them right then and there.
W: It serves them right. I don’t sympathize with anyone trying to pass that way.
Q: What is the woman’s attitude toward the professor’s action?
Part B
Directions: In this part, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
11.A. How to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item.
B. How to make an effective complaint about a faulty item.
C. How to avoid buying a faulty item.
D. How to deal with complaints from customers.
12.A. To a shop assistant.
B. To the manufacturer.
C. To a store manager.
D. To a public organization.
13.A. By explaining exactly what is wrong with the item.
B. By showing the faulty item to the manufacturer.
C. By saying firmly that the item is of poor quality.
D. By asking politely to change the item.【答案与解析】
11.B 短文主要讲的是consumers在购买了有问题的商品后，应该如何有效投诉，解决问题。
12.C 短文提到“一般而言，消费者向越高层投诉，the faster he or she can expect it to be settled”。
13.A 短文指出“当顾客能够demonstrate what is wrong with the item时，投诉是最为有效的”。【录音原文】
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear ” is better than “This stereo does not work”.
The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.
Question 11: What does this passage mainly talk about?
Question 12: To whom should a consumer complain if he wants a quick settlement of his problem?
Question 13: How can a consumer make the most effective complaint, according to the passage?
14.A. It is usually evil.
B. It is usually moral.
C. It is usually weak.
D. It is usually powerful.
15.A. They use ideas of right and wrong to control themselves,
B. They use the way of good human beings to get and keep power.
C. They are special human beings and have different morality.
D. They should be evil people by nature.
16.A. Weak people use ideas of good and evil to excuse weakness.
B. Political leaders should know how to be bad.
C. Political leaders often use physical force to fight for the power.
D. Political leaders are afraid to desert morality.【答案与解析】
14.A 文中指出“In Michiavelli’s opinion, the nature of human beings is usually evil”。
15.C Michiavelli认为政治家们above ordinary human beings，also above ordinary morality，选项C正确。
16.D 文中指出these leaders are not usually afraid to leave morality behind，选项D“政治领导人通常会担心失掉道德”，与文意不符合。【录音原文】
Many historians of the twentieth century look back at the fifteenth century and say, “Michiavelli was the first political scientist in history.” They say that he looked at politics for the first time with the factual eye of a scientist. He was only interested in the facts. He thought that politics and morality didn’t go together very often, but he studied ideas of right and wrong, along with politics; government leaders, he wrote, could use these ideas to get and keep power.
In Michiavelli’s opinion, the nature of human beings is usually evil, so a good person must always fail. He thought it was important for a political leader to know how to be bad. In fact, Michiavelli saw leaders of government as people above ordinary human beings; so, he believed, they are also above ordinary morality. Good and evil, he said, are only ideas that weak people use
to excuse weakness; powerful people use their ideas to keep other people weak. They can lead because they want power and because they fight for it. Also, these leaders are not usually afraid to leave morality behind, so they don’t have ideas of right or wrong to stop them. They think only of
power. It is nice, Michiavelli said, if political leaders can also be good people, but they must know how to be bad when the time comes.
Michiavelli said that it is natural to fight for power and that there are two methods people use: law and physical force. The first method is the way of human beings, and the second method is the way of animals. Great political leaders very often use the way of animals, but they usually pretend to use the way of good human beings. They do this to get and keep power.
Question 14: What did Michiavelli think of the nature of human beings?
Question 15: What did Michiavelli think of political leaders?
Question 16: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
17.A. 380.
B. 850.
C. 5,600.
D. 7,000.
18.A. A warming of relations between the two countries.
B. The occurrence of a new war and bitter conflict.
C. The indirect intervention from the international community.
D. Its great contribution to the peace in the Middle East.
19.A. For its acts in the Persian Gulf War.
B. For its experiments with nuclear weapons.
C. For its support of Islamic organizations.
D. For its aggression against Kuwait.
20. A. Some analysts thought hostility between Iraq and Iran remained extremely high.
B. The civilian population suffered 2 million casualties from the Iran-Iraq war.
C. Iran was viewed by certain members of the international community as a “rogue” State.
D. It was about 10 years after the war that Iran and lraq began an exchange of prisoners.【答案与解析】
17.C 短文提到Nearly 5,600 of those still held in captivity were Iraqis，选项C正确。
18.A 短文说“1991年海湾战争以来，政治分析家预言了A warming of relations between the two nations”。
19.D 从录音原文“Iraq, outcast from the international community due to its acts of aggression against neighboring Kuwait”，可知选项D正确。
20.B 录音说“civilian population suffered the brunt of the 1 million casualties”，选项B不符合。【录音原文】
Some 10 years after warfare between the two countries came to an end, the nations of Iran and lraq began an exchange of prisoners who bad been captured during the Iran-Iraq war, which raged from 1979 to 1988. Nearly 5,600 of those still held in captivity were Iraqis who had been seized by the Iranian army during the war. The Iranian government agreed to release those prisoners in exchange for some 380 Iranian prisoners held by the Iraqi government. The announced prisoner exchange marked the largest such repatriation of prisoners from the lran-Iraq war since 1990, when the two governments exchanged more than 70,000 soldiers taken captive during the war. Officials from both countries expressed the belief that the repatriation of the remaining prisoners from the lran-Iraq war might help repair relations between the two neighbors after two decades of war and bitter conflict.
A warming of relations between the two nations had been predicted by political analysts since the Persian Gulf War in 1991. Analysts suggested that Iraq, outcast from the international community due to its acts of aggression against neighboring Kuwait, might seek to forge a stronger international bond with Iran. Like Iraq, Iran remained on the outskirts of the international community and viewed by certain members of the international community as a “rogue” state because of its support of Islamic fundamentalist organizations throughout the Middle East. Despite the warming of official relations as evidenced by the exchange of the prisoners of war, several analysts emphasized that hostility between the two countries remained extremely high-especially among the civilian population, which suffered the brunt of the 1 million casualties from the lran-Iraq war.
Question 17: How many Iraqi prisoners were still held by the Iranian government, according to the news?
Question 18: What had political analysts predicted about the exchange of prisoners between Iran and Iraq?
Question 19: For what reason was Iraq driven away from the international community?
Question 20: Which of the following is NOT true, according to the news?
SECTION II READING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points )
Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage One
Questions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage:
Right now in schools across the country children are busy selling Pepsi-Cola in the name of education. They are part of Pepsi’s “Learn and Earn Project”—an annual competition set up by Pepsi that encourages students to sell the soft drink at parties, basketball games and other school functions.
Then, each spring, the students write up their Pepsi-selling success stories for a chance at national prizes: shares of stock in the Pepsi-Cola Company.
According to materials the company sends the teachers, the project declares “help strengthen students’ broad understanding of business, particularly its merchandising aspect.”
Whether it fulfills this objective or not, it does succeed in selling Pepsi.
The “Learn and Earn Project” is just one example of the hundreds of ways food companies (as well as other types of corporations, public utilities and trade associations) promote their products in schools. Particularly in the fields of nutrition and home economics, companies send numerous “teaching aids”: highly professional films, shiny workbooks and pamphlets, all available to teachers at well below commercial rates or free.
For example, the Savannah Sugar Refining Corp. puts out a book for students called “Sugar Through the Ages” which includes statements such as “Scientists have found that generous amounts of sugar are a valuable part of well-balanced diets for growing children.” By far the largest supplier of nutrition-education materials to schools is the National Dairy Council, which provides all sorts of pamphlets addressing questions ranging from “How am I doing socially?” to “How am I doing physically?” Woven throughout these materials are subtle references to dairy products, daily calcium requirements, etc. Drink milk, the message seems to be, and you too can be popular.
But nutrition and home economics are not the only areas where corporations have found a lucrative form of advertising.
21.What is NOT true of Pepsi’s “Learn and Earn Project”?
A. It is carried out every year.
B. Students may gain a better understanding of business administration.
C. Students selling Pepsi-Cola successfully will become stockholders in the company.
D. The Pepsi Company gains much profit from it.
22. In citing the statement from the book “Sugar Through the Ages” (Para. 6), the author’s purpose is________.
A. to expose the true motives of those corporations in providing their “teaching aids”
B. to praise the Savannah Sugar Refining Corp. for its scientific point of view
C. to explain the educational function of the “teaching aids”
D. to show how students and teachers can receive nutrition education more scientifically
23. What is said about the educational materials supplied by the National Dairy Council?
A. They strongly recommend the use of dairy products on a daily basis.
B. They indirectly mention the importance of dairy products.
C. They subtly deal with questions about the popularity of dairy products.
D. They incorrectly report the nutritional components of dairy products.
24.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Pepsi’s “Learn and Earn Project” helps broaden students’ understanding of business.
B. Many big companies finance schools’ educational projects.
C. Students learn much knowledge of nutrition and home economics through their practice of business.
D. Various types of corporations extend the promotion of their products to schools.【答案与解析】
21.C 第二段说the students write up…success stories for a chance at national prizes并不是说销售成功的学生就能获得股份。
22.A 根据第五段one example of the hundreds of ways food companies, promote their products in schools…companies send numerous ‘teaching aids’…接下来又在第六段举了Savannah Sugar的例子，说明这些公司的真正目的：借着teaching aids的名义来促销自己的产品。所以答案为选项A。
23.B 第六段最后一句讲到Woven throughout these materials are subtle references to dairy products, daily calcium requirements，可见National Dairy Council的材料都是间接地提到了奶制品的重要性。
24.D 本文通过一系列例子主要说明食品公司向学校推销商品的各种手段。Passage Two
Questions 25 to 28 are based on the following passage:
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant treed to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
25. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is ______.
A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible
B. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society,
试读结束[说明：试读内容隐藏了图片]